diff --git a/ref/vk/NOTES.md b/ref/vk/NOTES.md
index e1029bef..8ed2cead 100644
--- a/ref/vk/NOTES.md
+++ b/ref/vk/NOTES.md
@@ -398,3 +398,17 @@ TODO: can we not have a BLAS/model for each submodel? Can it be per-model instea
 # 2023-07-30
 - ~~R_DrawStudioModel is the main func for drawing studio model. Called from scene code for each studio entity, with everything current (RI and stuff) set up~~
 - `R_StudioDrawModelInternal()` is the main one. It is where it splits into renderer-vs-game rendering functions.
+
+# 2023-09-19 E298
+## SURF_DRAWSKY
+- (context: want to remove kXVkMaterialSky, #474)
+- qrad:
+    - uses textue name "sky" or "SKY" to check `IsSky()`. `IsSky()` surfaces do not get patches and do not participate in radiosity.
+    - uses CONTENTS_SKY node flag to detect whether a ray has hit skybox and can contribute sky light.
+- xash/gl:
+    - CONTENTS_SKY is not used in any meaningful way
+    - sets SURF_DRAWSKY for surfaces with "sky" texture.
+    - uses SURF_DRAWSKY:
+        - to build skychain, and then draw it in Quake mode (the other branch does a bunch of math, which seemingly isn't used for anything at all).
+        - for dynamic lighting: if sky ray has hit sky surface then sky is contributing light
+
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_brush.c b/ref/vk/vk_brush.c
index c2fa4ae0..11a1bfee 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_brush.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_brush.c
@@ -275,9 +275,10 @@ static void brushComputeWaterPolys( compute_water_polys_t args ) {
 
 	// Render
 	const int tex_id = args.warp->texinfo->texture->gl_texturenum;
+	const r_vk_material_ref_t material_ref = R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(tex_id);
 	*args.dst_geometry = (vk_render_geometry_t){
-		.texture = tex_id, // FIXME assert >= 0
-		.material = kXVkMaterialRegular,
+		.material = material_ref,
+		.material_type_deprecated = kXVkMaterialRegular,
 		.surf_deprecate = args.warp,
 
 		.max_vertex = vertices,
@@ -704,7 +705,7 @@ void VK_BrushModelDraw( const cl_entity_t *ent, int render_mode, float blend, co
 		// TODO also it will break switching render type from TransColor to anyting else -- textures will be stuck at white
 		for (int i = 0; i < bmodel->render_model.num_geometries; ++i) {
 			vk_render_geometry_t *geom = bmodel->render_model.geometries + i;
-			geom->texture = tglob.whiteTexture;
+			geom->material = R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(tglob.whiteTexture);
 		}
 	} else {
 		APROF_SCOPE_DECLARE_BEGIN(brush_update_textures, "brush: update animated textures");
@@ -719,10 +720,11 @@ void VK_BrushModelDraw( const cl_entity_t *ent, int render_mode, float blend, co
 			// Optionally patch by texture_s pointer and run animations
 			const struct texture_s *texture_override = patch_surface ? patch_surface->tex : NULL;
 			const texture_t *t = R_TextureAnimation(ent, geom->surf_deprecate, texture_override);
-			const int new_texture = t->gl_texturenum;
+			const int tex_id = t->gl_texturenum;
 
-			if (new_texture >= 0 && new_texture != geom->texture) {
-				geom->texture = t->gl_texturenum;
+			const r_vk_material_ref_t new_material = R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(tex_id);
+			if (new_material.index >= 0 && new_material.index != geom->material.index) {
+				geom->material = new_material;
 				if (updated_textures_count < MAX_ANIMATED_TEXTURES) {
 					g_brush.updated_textures[updated_textures_count++] = bmodel->animated_indexes[i];
 				}
@@ -732,7 +734,7 @@ void VK_BrushModelDraw( const cl_entity_t *ent, int render_mode, float blend, co
 			// Add them as dynamic lights for now. It would probably be better if they were static lights (for worldmodel),
 			// but there's no easy way to do it for now.
 			vec3_t *emissive = &bmodel->render_model.geometries[geom_index].emissive;
-			if (RT_GetEmissiveForTexture(*emissive, geom->texture)) {
+			if (RT_GetEmissiveForTexture(*emissive, tex_id)) {
 				rt_light_add_polygon_t polylight = loadPolyLight(mod, surface_index, geom->surf_deprecate, *emissive);
 				polylight.dynamic = true;
 				polylight.transform_row = (const matrix3x4*)&transform;
@@ -1075,7 +1077,7 @@ static qboolean fillBrushSurfaces(fill_geometries_args_t args) {
 			VectorClear(model_geometry->emissive);
 
 			model_geometry->surf_deprecate = surf;
-			model_geometry->texture = tex_id;
+			model_geometry->material = R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(tex_id);
 
 			model_geometry->vertex_offset = args.base_vertex_offset;
 			model_geometry->max_vertex = vertex_offset + surf->numedges;
@@ -1083,9 +1085,9 @@ static qboolean fillBrushSurfaces(fill_geometries_args_t args) {
 			model_geometry->index_offset = index_offset;
 
 			if(type == BrushSurface_Sky) {
-				model_geometry->material = kXVkMaterialSky;
+				model_geometry->material_type_deprecated = kXVkMaterialSky;
 			} else {
-				model_geometry->material = kXVkMaterialRegular;
+				model_geometry->material_type_deprecated = kXVkMaterialRegular;
 				ASSERT(!FBitSet( surf->flags, SURF_DRAWTILED ));
 				VK_CreateSurfaceLightmap( surf, args.mod );
 			}
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_materials.c b/ref/vk/vk_materials.c
index e73cdd84..f3de6d1e 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_materials.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_materials.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 #define MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH 4
 
-static xvk_material_t k_default_material = {
+static r_vk_material_t k_default_material = {
 		.tex_base_color = -1,
 		.tex_metalness = 0,
 		.tex_roughness = 0,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static xvk_material_t k_default_material = {
 };
 
 static struct {
-	xvk_material_t materials[MAX_TEXTURES];
+	r_vk_material_t materials[MAX_TEXTURES];
 } g_materials;
 
 static struct {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static void loadMaterialsFromFile( const char *filename, int depth ) {
 	g_stats.material_file_read_duration_ns +=  aprof_time_now_ns() - load_file_begin_ns;
 
 	char *pos = (char*)data;
-	xvk_material_t current_material = k_default_material;
+	r_vk_material_t current_material = k_default_material;
 	int current_material_index = -1;
 	qboolean force_reload = false;
 	qboolean create = false;
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ static void loadMaterialsFromFileF( const char *fmt, ... ) {
 	loadMaterialsFromFile( buffer, MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH );
 }
 
-void XVK_ReloadMaterials( void ) {
+void R_VkMaterialsReload( void ) {
 	memset(&g_stats, 0, sizeof(g_stats));
 	const uint64_t begin_time_ns = aprof_time_now_ns();
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ void XVK_ReloadMaterials( void ) {
 	k_default_material.tex_roughness = tglob.whiteTexture;
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TEXTURES; ++i) {
-		xvk_material_t *const mat = g_materials.materials + i;
+		r_vk_material_t *const mat = g_materials.materials + i;
 		const vk_texture_t *const tex = findTexture( i );
 		*mat = k_default_material;
 
@@ -264,14 +264,18 @@ void XVK_ReloadMaterials( void ) {
 	}
 }
 
-xvk_material_t* XVK_GetMaterialForTextureIndex( int tex_index ) {
-	xvk_material_t *mat = NULL;
+r_vk_material_ref_t R_VkMaterialGetForTexture( int tex_index ) {
 	ASSERT(tex_index >= 0);
 	ASSERT(tex_index < MAX_TEXTURES);
 
-	mat = g_materials.materials + tex_index;
-	if (mat->base_color >= 0)
-		return mat;
-
-	return NULL;
+	// TODO add versioning to detect reloads?
+	return (r_vk_material_ref_t){ .index = tex_index, };
+}
+
+const r_vk_material_t* R_VkMaterialGet( r_vk_material_ref_t ref ) {
+	ASSERT(ref.index >= 0);
+	ASSERT(ref.index < MAX_TEXTURES);
+
+	// TODO verify version ?
+	return g_materials.materials + ref.index;
 }
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_materials.h b/ref/vk/vk_materials.h
index 3eec91c7..294c6010 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_materials.h
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_materials.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "xash3d_types.h"
 
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct r_vk_material_s {
 	int tex_base_color;
 	int tex_roughness;
 	int tex_metalness;
@@ -14,8 +14,14 @@ typedef struct {
 	float normal_scale;
 
 	qboolean set;
-} xvk_material_t;
+} r_vk_material_t;
 
-void XVK_ReloadMaterials( void );
+typedef struct { int index; } r_vk_material_ref_t;
 
-xvk_material_t* XVK_GetMaterialForTextureIndex( int tex_index );
+// Note: invalidates all previously issued material refs
+// TODO: track "version" in high bits?
+void R_VkMaterialsReload( void );
+
+r_vk_material_ref_t R_VkMaterialGetForTexture( int tex_id );
+
+const r_vk_material_t* R_VkMaterialGet( r_vk_material_ref_t ref );
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_ray_internal.h b/ref/vk/vk_ray_internal.h
index decf0f51..e191b2cc 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_ray_internal.h
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_ray_internal.h
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ rt_kusochki_t RT_KusochkiAllocLong(int count);
 uint32_t RT_KusochkiAllocOnce(int count);
 void RT_KusochkiFree(const rt_kusochki_t*);
 
-struct vk_render_geometry_s;
-qboolean RT_KusochkiUpload(uint32_t kusochki_offset, const struct vk_render_geometry_s *geoms, int geoms_count, int override_texture_id, const vec4_t *override_color);
+//struct vk_render_geometry_s;
+//qboolean RT_KusochkiUpload(uint32_t kusochki_offset, const struct vk_render_geometry_s *geoms, int geoms_count, int override_texture_id, const vec4_t *override_color);
 
 qboolean RT_DynamicModelInit(void);
 void RT_DynamicModelShutdown(void);
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_ray_model.c b/ref/vk/vk_ray_model.c
index 0de8855a..379c1d78 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_ray_model.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_ray_model.c
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ typedef struct rt_model_s {
 	rt_kusochki_t kusochki;
 } rt_model_t;
 
-static void applyMaterialToKusok(vk_kusok_data_t* kusok, const vk_render_geometry_t *geom, int override_texture_id, const vec4_t override_color) {
-	const int tex_id = override_texture_id > 0 ? override_texture_id : geom->texture;
-	const xvk_material_t *const mat = XVK_GetMaterialForTextureIndex( tex_id );
+static void applyMaterialToKusok(vk_kusok_data_t* kusok, const vk_render_geometry_t *geom, const r_vk_material_t *override_material, const vec4_t override_color) {
+	const r_vk_material_t *const mat = override_material ? override_material : R_VkMaterialGet(geom->material);
 	ASSERT(mat);
 
 	// TODO split kusochki into static geometry data and potentially dynamic material data
@@ -59,12 +58,12 @@ static void applyMaterialToKusok(vk_kusok_data_t* kusok, const vk_render_geometr
 	}
 
 	// TODO should be patched by the Chrome material source itself to generate a static chrome material
-	const qboolean HACK_chrome = geom->material == kXVkMaterialChrome;
+	const qboolean HACK_chrome = geom->material_type_deprecated == kXVkMaterialChrome;
 	if (!mat->set && HACK_chrome)
 		kusok->material.tex_roughness = tglob.grayTexture;
 
 	// Purely static. Once a sky forever a sky.
-	if (geom->material == kXVkMaterialSky)
+	if (geom->material_type_deprecated == kXVkMaterialSky)
 		kusok->material.tex_base_color = TEX_BASE_SKYBOX;
 }
 
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@ void RT_KusochkiFree(const rt_kusochki_t *kusochki) {
 }
 
 // TODO this function can't really fail. It'd mean that staging is completely broken.
-qboolean RT_KusochkiUpload(uint32_t kusochki_offset, const struct vk_render_geometry_s *geoms, int geoms_count, int override_texture_id, const vec4_t *override_colors) {
+qboolean RT_KusochkiUpload(uint32_t kusochki_offset, const struct vk_render_geometry_s *geoms, int geoms_count, const r_vk_material_t *override_material, const vec4_t *override_colors) {
 	const vk_staging_buffer_args_t staging_args = {
 		.buffer = g_ray_model_state.kusochki_buffer.buffer,
 		.offset = kusochki_offset * sizeof(vk_kusok_data_t),
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ qboolean RT_KusochkiUpload(uint32_t kusochki_offset, const struct vk_render_geom
 	vk_kusok_data_t *const p = kusok_staging.ptr;
 	for (int i = 0; i < geoms_count; ++i) {
 		const vk_render_geometry_t *geom = geoms + i;
-		applyMaterialToKusok(p + i, geom, override_texture_id, override_colors ? override_colors[i] : NULL);
+		applyMaterialToKusok(p + i, geom, override_material, override_colors ? override_colors[i] : NULL);
 	}
 
 	R_VkStagingUnlock(kusok_staging.handle);
@@ -222,7 +221,7 @@ struct rt_model_s *RT_ModelCreate(rt_model_create_t args) {
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
-	RT_KusochkiUpload(kusochki.offset, args.geometries, args.geometries_count, -1, NULL);
+	RT_KusochkiUpload(kusochki.offset, args.geometries, args.geometries_count, NULL, NULL);
 
 	{
 		rt_model_t *const ret = Mem_Malloc(vk_core.pool, sizeof(*ret));
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ qboolean RT_ModelUpdateMaterials(struct rt_model_s *model, const struct vk_rende
 			const int offset = geom_indices[begin];
 			const int count = i - begin;
 			ASSERT(offset + count <= geometries_count);
-			if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(model->kusochki.offset + offset, geometries + offset, count, -1, NULL)) {
+			if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(model->kusochki.offset + offset, geometries + offset, count, NULL, NULL)) {
 				APROF_SCOPE_END(update_materials);
 				return false;
 			}
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ qboolean RT_ModelUpdateMaterials(struct rt_model_s *model, const struct vk_rende
 		const int offset = geom_indices[begin];
 		const int count = geom_indices_count - begin;
 		ASSERT(offset + count <= geometries_count);
-		if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(model->kusochki.offset + offset, geometries + offset, count, -1, NULL)) {
+		if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(model->kusochki.offset + offset, geometries + offset, count, NULL, NULL)) {
 
 			APROF_SCOPE_END(update_materials);
 			return false;
@@ -314,12 +313,12 @@ void RT_FrameAddModel( struct rt_model_s *model, rt_frame_add_model_t args ) {
 
 	uint32_t kusochki_offset = model->kusochki.offset;
 
-	if (args.override.textures > 0) {
+	if (args.override.material != NULL) {
 		kusochki_offset = RT_KusochkiAllocOnce(args.override.geoms_count);
 		if (kusochki_offset == ALO_ALLOC_FAILED)
 			return;
 
-		if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(kusochki_offset, args.override.geoms, args.override.geoms_count, args.override.textures, NULL)) {
+		if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(kusochki_offset, args.override.geoms, args.override.geoms_count, args.override.material, NULL)) {
 			gEngine.Con_Printf(S_ERROR "Couldn't upload kusochki for instanced model\n");
 			return;
 		}
@@ -413,7 +412,7 @@ void RT_DynamicModelProcessFrame(void) {
 		}
 
 		// FIXME override color
-		if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(kusochki_offset, dyn->geometries, dyn->geometries_count, -1, dyn->colors)) {
+		if (!RT_KusochkiUpload(kusochki_offset, dyn->geometries, dyn->geometries_count, NULL, dyn->colors)) {
 			gEngine.Con_Printf(S_ERROR "Couldn't build blas for %d geoms of %s, skipping\n", dyn->geometries_count, group_names[i]);
 			goto tail;
 		}
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_render.c b/ref/vk/vk_render.c
index 22683e40..ec01d265 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_render.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_render.c
@@ -723,7 +723,8 @@ static void submitToTraditionalRender( trad_submit_t args ) {
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < args.geometries_count; ++i) {
 		const vk_render_geometry_t *geom = args.geometries + i;
-		const int tex = args.textures_override > 0 ? args.textures_override : geom->texture;
+		const r_vk_material_t *material = R_VkMaterialGet(geom->material);
+		const int tex = args.textures_override > 0 ? args.textures_override : material->tex_base_color;
 		const qboolean split = current_texture != tex
 			|| vertex_offset != geom->vertex_offset
 			|| (index_offset + element_count) != geom->index_offset;
@@ -788,7 +789,7 @@ void R_RenderModelDraw(const vk_render_model_t *model, r_model_draw_t args) {
 			.dynamic_polylights = model->dynamic_polylights,
 			.dynamic_polylights_count = model->dynamic_polylights_count,
 			.override = {
-				.textures = args.textures_override,
+				.material = args.material_override,
 				.geoms = model->geometries,
 				.geoms_count = model->num_geometries,
 			},
@@ -802,7 +803,7 @@ void R_RenderModelDraw(const vk_render_model_t *model, r_model_draw_t args) {
 			.transform = args.transform,
 			.color = args.color,
 			.render_type = args.render_type,
-			.textures_override = args.textures_override
+			.textures_override = args.material_override ? args.material_override->tex_base_color : -1,
 		});
 	}
 }
@@ -820,8 +821,7 @@ void R_RenderDrawOnce(r_draw_once_t args) {
 	R_GeometryBufferUnlock( &buffer );
 
 	const vk_render_geometry_t geometry = {
-		.texture = args.texture,
-		.material = kXVkMaterialRegular,
+		.material = args.material, .material_type_deprecated = kXVkMaterialRegular,
 
 		.max_vertex = args.vertices_count,
 		.vertex_offset = buffer.vertices.unit_offset,
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_render.h b/ref/vk/vk_render.h
index 24dc2779..d6eeccc1 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_render.h
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_render.h
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
+#include "vk_materials.h"
 #include "vk_common.h"
 #include "vk_const.h"
 #include "vk_core.h"
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ typedef enum {
 	// Used: ray tracing sets gray roughness texture to get smooth surface look.
 	// Remove: Have an explicit material for chrome surfaces.
 	kXVkMaterialChrome,
-} XVkMaterialType;
+} XVkMaterialType_Deprecated;
 
 typedef struct vk_render_geometry_s {
 	int index_offset, vertex_offset;
@@ -42,11 +43,9 @@ typedef struct vk_render_geometry_s {
 	// Remove: have an explicit list of surfaces with animated textures
 	const struct msurface_s *surf_deprecate;
 
-	// Animated textures will be dynamic and change between frames
-	int texture;
-
 	// If this geometry is special, it will have a material type override
-	XVkMaterialType material;
+	XVkMaterialType_Deprecated material_type_deprecated;
+	r_vk_material_ref_t material;
 
 	// for kXVkMaterialEmissive{,Glow} and others
 	vec3_t emissive;
@@ -145,9 +144,7 @@ typedef struct {
 	const vec4_t *color;
 	const matrix4x4 *transform, *prev_transform;
 
-	// Global texture override if > 0
-	// Used by sprite+quad instancing
-	int textures_override;
+	const r_vk_material_t* material_override;
 } r_model_draw_t;
 
 void R_RenderModelDraw(const vk_render_model_t *model, r_model_draw_t args);
@@ -159,7 +156,7 @@ typedef struct {
 	int vertices_count, indices_count;
 
 	int render_type;
-	int texture;
+	r_vk_material_ref_t material;
 	const vec4_t *emissive;
 	const vec4_t *color;
 } r_draw_once_t;
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_rtx.h b/ref/vk/vk_rtx.h
index 35798ec4..5bf2d2af 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_rtx.h
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_rtx.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ void VK_RayShutdown( void );
 
 struct vk_render_geometry_s;
 struct rt_model_s;
+struct r_vk_material_s;
 
 typedef enum {
 	kBlasBuildStatic, // builds slow for fast trace
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ typedef struct {
 	int dynamic_polylights_count;
 
 	struct {
-		int textures; // Override kusochki/material textures if > 0
+		const struct r_vk_material_s *material;
 
 		// These are needed in order to recreate kusochki geometry data
 		// TODO remove when material data is split from kusochki
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_scene.c b/ref/vk/vk_scene.c
index 5477b61d..2bad00b2 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_scene.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_scene.c
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ static void loadMap(const model_t* const map) {
 	XVK_ParseMapEntities();
 
 	// Load PBR materials (depends on wadlist from parsed map entities)
-	XVK_ReloadMaterials();
+	R_VkMaterialsReload();
 
 	// Parse patch data
 	// Depends on loaded materials. Must preceed loading brush models.
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_sprite.c b/ref/vk/vk_sprite.c
index 2c598e6d..7df2de2e 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_sprite.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_sprite.c
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ static qboolean createQuadModel(void) {
 		.element_count = 6,
 		.index_offset = g_sprite.quad.geom.indices.unit_offset,
 
-		.material = kXVkMaterialRegular,
-		.texture = tglob.defaultTexture,
+		.material_type_deprecated = kXVkMaterialRegular,
+		.material = R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(tglob.defaultTexture),
 		.emissive = {1,1,1},
 	};
 
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ static void R_DrawSpriteQuad( const char *debug_name, const mspriteframe_t *fram
 		.color = (const vec4_t*)color,
 		.transform = &transform,
 		.prev_transform = &transform,
-		.textures_override = texture,
+		.material_override = R_VkMaterialGet(R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(texture)),
 	});
 }
 
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_studio.c b/ref/vk/vk_studio.c
index 5de6c270..7326bcd8 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_studio.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_studio.c
@@ -1770,8 +1770,8 @@ static void buildSubmodelMeshGeometry( build_submodel_mesh_t args ) {
 	ASSERT(vertex_offset == num_vertices);
 
 	*args.out_geometry = (vk_render_geometry_t){
-		.texture = args.texture,
-		.material = FBitSet( args.face_flags, STUDIO_NF_CHROME ) ? kXVkMaterialChrome : kXVkMaterialRegular,
+		.material = R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(args.texture),
+		.material_type_deprecated = FBitSet( args.face_flags, STUDIO_NF_CHROME ) ? kXVkMaterialChrome : kXVkMaterialRegular,
 
 		.vertex_offset = args.vertices_offset,
 		.max_vertex = num_vertices,
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ static void R_StudioDrawPoints( void ) {
 		.color = &color,
 		.transform = &g_studio_current.entmodel->transform,
 		.prev_transform = &g_studio_current.entmodel->prev_transform,
-		.textures_override = -1,
+		.material_override = NULL,
 	});
 
 	++g_studio_stats.submodels_total;
diff --git a/ref/vk/vk_triapi.c b/ref/vk/vk_triapi.c
index eab504e9..656914ac 100644
--- a/ref/vk/vk_triapi.c
+++ b/ref/vk/vk_triapi.c
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ void TriEndEx( const vec4_t color, const char* name ) {
 			.vertices_count = g_triapi.num_vertices,
 			.indices_count = num_indices,
 			.render_type = g_triapi.render_type,
-			.texture = g_triapi.texture_index,
+			.material = R_VkMaterialGetForTexture(g_triapi.texture_index),
 			.emissive = (const vec4_t*)color,
 			.color = (const vec4_t*)color,
 		});