binutils-gdb/sim/common/sim-profile.c

/* Default profiling support.
   Copyright (C) 1996-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Cygnus Support.

This file is part of GDB, the GNU debugger.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "sim-main.h"
#include "sim-io.h"
#include "sim-options.h"
#include "sim-assert.h"

#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
#include <string.h>
#else
#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
#include <strings.h>
#endif
#endif
#include <ctype.h>

#if !WITH_PROFILE_PC_P
static unsigned int _profile_stub;
# define PROFILE_PC_FREQ(p) _profile_stub
# define PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS(p) _profile_stub
# define PROFILE_PC_SHIFT(p) _profile_stub
# define PROFILE_PC_START(p) _profile_stub
# define PROFILE_PC_END(p) _profile_stub
# define PROFILE_INSN_COUNT(p) &_profile_stub
#endif

#define COMMAS(n) sim_add_commas (comma_buf, sizeof (comma_buf), (n))

static MODULE_INIT_FN profile_init;
static MODULE_UNINSTALL_FN profile_uninstall;

static DECLARE_OPTION_HANDLER (profile_option_handler);

enum {
  OPTION_PROFILE_INSN = OPTION_START,
  OPTION_PROFILE_MEMORY,
  OPTION_PROFILE_MODEL,
  OPTION_PROFILE_FILE,
  OPTION_PROFILE_CORE,
  OPTION_PROFILE_CPU_FREQUENCY,
  OPTION_PROFILE_PC,
  OPTION_PROFILE_PC_RANGE,
  OPTION_PROFILE_PC_GRANULARITY,
  OPTION_PROFILE_RANGE,
  OPTION_PROFILE_FUNCTION
};

static const OPTION profile_options[] = {
  { {"profile", optional_argument, NULL, 'p'},
      'p', "on|off", "Perform profiling",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-insn", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_INSN},
      '\0', "on|off", "Perform instruction profiling",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-memory", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_MEMORY},
      '\0', "on|off", "Perform memory profiling",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-core", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_CORE},
      '\0', "on|off", "Perform CORE profiling",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-model", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_MODEL},
      '\0', "on|off", "Perform model profiling",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-cpu-frequency", required_argument, NULL,
     OPTION_PROFILE_CPU_FREQUENCY},
      '\0', "CPU FREQUENCY", "Specify the speed of the simulated cpu clock",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },

  { {"profile-file", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_FILE},
      '\0', "FILE NAME", "Specify profile output file",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },

  { {"profile-pc", optional_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_PC},
      '\0', "on|off", "Perform PC profiling",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-pc-frequency", required_argument, NULL, 'F'},
      'F', "PC PROFILE FREQUENCY", "Specified PC profiling frequency",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-pc-size", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
      'S', "PC PROFILE SIZE", "Specify PC profiling size",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-pc-granularity", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_PC_GRANULARITY},
      '\0', "PC PROFILE GRANULARITY", "Specify PC profiling sample coverage",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
  { {"profile-pc-range", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_PC_RANGE},
      '\0', "BASE,BOUND", "Specify PC profiling address range",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },

#ifdef SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE
  { {"profile-range", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_RANGE},
      '\0', "START,END", "Specify range of addresses for instruction and model profiling",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
#if 0 /*wip*/
  { {"profile-function", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_PROFILE_FUNCTION},
      '\0', "FUNCTION", "Specify function to profile",
      profile_option_handler, NULL },
#endif
#endif

  { {NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0}, '\0', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
};

/* Set/reset the profile options indicated in MASK.  */

SIM_RC
set_profile_option_mask (SIM_DESC sd, const char *name, int mask, const char *arg)
{
  int profile_nr;
  int cpu_nr;
  int profile_val = 1;

  if (arg != NULL)
    {
      if (strcmp (arg, "yes") == 0
	  || strcmp (arg, "on") == 0
	  || strcmp (arg, "1") == 0)
	profile_val = 1;
      else if (strcmp (arg, "no") == 0
	       || strcmp (arg, "off") == 0
	       || strcmp (arg, "0") == 0)
	profile_val = 0;
      else
	{
	  sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Argument `%s' for `--profile%s' invalid, one of `on', `off', `yes', `no' expected\n", arg, name);
	  return SIM_RC_FAIL;
	}
    }

  /* update applicable profile bits */
  for (profile_nr = 0; profile_nr < MAX_PROFILE_VALUES; ++profile_nr)
    {
      if ((mask & (1 << profile_nr)) == 0)
	continue;

#if 0 /* see sim-trace.c, set flags in STATE here if/when there are any */
      /* Set non-cpu specific values.  */
      switch (profile_nr)
	{
	case ??? :
	  break;
	}
#endif

      /* Set cpu values.  */
      for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; cpu_nr++)
	{
	  CPU_PROFILE_FLAGS (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))[profile_nr] = profile_val;
	}
    }

  /* Re-compute the cpu profile summary.  */
  if (profile_val)
    {
      for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; cpu_nr++)
	CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))->profile_any_p = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; cpu_nr++)
	{
	  CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))->profile_any_p = 0;
	  for (profile_nr = 0; profile_nr < MAX_PROFILE_VALUES; ++profile_nr)
	    {
	      if (CPU_PROFILE_FLAGS (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))[profile_nr])
		{
		  CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))->profile_any_p = 1;
		  break;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

  return SIM_RC_OK;
}

/* Set one profile option based on its IDX value.
   Not static as cgen-scache.c uses it.  */

SIM_RC
sim_profile_set_option (SIM_DESC sd, const char *name, int idx, const char *arg)
{
  return set_profile_option_mask (sd, name, 1 << idx, arg);
}

static SIM_RC
parse_frequency (SIM_DESC sd, const char *arg, unsigned long *freq)
{
  const char *ch;
  /* First, parse a decimal number.  */
  *freq = 0;
  ch = arg;
  if (isdigit (*arg))
    {
      for (/**/; *ch != '\0'; ++ch)
	{
	  if (! isdigit (*ch))
	    break;
	  *freq = *freq * 10 + (*ch - '0');
	}

      /* Accept KHz, MHz or Hz as a suffix.  */
      if (tolower (*ch) == 'm')
	{
	  *freq *= 1000000;
	  ++ch;
	}
      else if (tolower (*ch) == 'k')
	{
	  *freq *= 1000;
	  ++ch;
	}

      if (tolower (*ch) == 'h')
	{
	  ++ch;
	  if (tolower (*ch) == 'z')
	    ++ch;
	}
    }

  if (*ch != '\0')
    {
      sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Invalid argument for --profile-cpu-frequency: %s\n",
		      arg);
      *freq = 0;
      return SIM_RC_FAIL;
    }

  return SIM_RC_OK;
}

static SIM_RC
profile_option_handler (SIM_DESC sd,
			sim_cpu *cpu,
			int opt,
			char *arg,
			int is_command)
{
  int cpu_nr;

  /* FIXME: Need to handle `cpu' arg.  */

  switch (opt)
    {
    case 'p' :
      if (! WITH_PROFILE)
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Profiling not compiled in, `-p' ignored\n");
      else
	return set_profile_option_mask (sd, "profile", PROFILE_USEFUL_MASK,
					arg);
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_INSN :
      if (WITH_PROFILE_INSN_P)
	return sim_profile_set_option (sd, "-insn", PROFILE_INSN_IDX, arg);
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Instruction profiling not compiled in, `--profile-insn' ignored\n");
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_MEMORY :
      if (WITH_PROFILE_MEMORY_P)
	return sim_profile_set_option (sd, "-memory", PROFILE_MEMORY_IDX, arg);
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Memory profiling not compiled in, `--profile-memory' ignored\n");
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_CORE :
      if (WITH_PROFILE_CORE_P)
	return sim_profile_set_option (sd, "-core", PROFILE_CORE_IDX, arg);
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "CORE profiling not compiled in, `--profile-core' ignored\n");
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_MODEL :
      if (WITH_PROFILE_MODEL_P)
	return sim_profile_set_option (sd, "-model", PROFILE_MODEL_IDX, arg);
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Model profiling not compiled in, `--profile-model' ignored\n");
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_CPU_FREQUENCY :
      {
	unsigned long val;
	SIM_RC rc = parse_frequency (sd, arg, &val);
	if (rc == SIM_RC_OK)
	  {
	    for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	      PROFILE_CPU_FREQ (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd,cpu_nr))) = val;
	  }
	return rc;
      }

    case OPTION_PROFILE_FILE :
      /* FIXME: Might want this to apply to pc profiling only,
	 or have two profile file options.  */
      if (! WITH_PROFILE)
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Profiling not compiled in, `--profile-file' ignored\n");
      else
	{
	  FILE *f = fopen (arg, "w");

	  if (f == NULL)
	    {
	      sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Unable to open profile output file `%s'\n", arg);
	      return SIM_RC_FAIL;
	    }
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    PROFILE_FILE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))) = f;
	}
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_PC:
      if (WITH_PROFILE_PC_P)
	return sim_profile_set_option (sd, "-pc", PROFILE_PC_IDX, arg);
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "PC profiling not compiled in, `--profile-pc' ignored\n");
      break;

    case 'F' :
      if (WITH_PROFILE_PC_P)
	{
	  /* FIXME: Validate arg.  */
	  int val = atoi (arg);
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    PROFILE_PC_FREQ (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))) = val;
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    CPU_PROFILE_FLAGS (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))[PROFILE_PC_IDX] = 1;
	}
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "PC profiling not compiled in, `--profile-pc-frequency' ignored\n");
      break;

    case 'S' :
      if (WITH_PROFILE_PC_P)
	{
	  /* FIXME: Validate arg.  */
	  int val = atoi (arg);
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))) = val;
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    CPU_PROFILE_FLAGS (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))[PROFILE_PC_IDX] = 1;
	}
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "PC profiling not compiled in, `--profile-pc-size' ignored\n");
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_PC_GRANULARITY:
      if (WITH_PROFILE_PC_P)
	{
	  int shift;
	  int val = atoi (arg);
	  /* check that the granularity is a power of two */
	  shift = 0;
	  while (val > (1 << shift))
	    {
	      shift += 1;
	    }
	  if (val != (1 << shift))
	    {
	      sim_io_eprintf (sd, "PC profiling granularity not a power of two\n");
	      return SIM_RC_FAIL;
	    }
	  if (shift == 0)
	    {
	      sim_io_eprintf (sd, "PC profiling granularity too small");
	      return SIM_RC_FAIL;
	    }
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    PROFILE_PC_SHIFT (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))) = shift;
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    CPU_PROFILE_FLAGS (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))[PROFILE_PC_IDX] = 1;
	}
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "PC profiling not compiled in, `--profile-pc-granularity' ignored\n");
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_PC_RANGE:
      if (WITH_PROFILE_PC_P)
	{
	  /* FIXME: Validate args */
	  char *chp = arg;
	  unsigned long base;
	  unsigned long bound;
	  base = strtoul (chp, &chp, 0);
	  if (*chp != ',')
	    {
	      sim_io_eprintf (sd, "--profile-pc-range missing BOUND argument\n");
	      return SIM_RC_FAIL;
	    }
	  bound = strtoul (chp + 1, NULL, 0);
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    {
	      PROFILE_PC_START (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))) = base;
	      PROFILE_PC_END (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))) = bound;
	    }
	  for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	    CPU_PROFILE_FLAGS (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))[PROFILE_PC_IDX] = 1;
	}
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "PC profiling not compiled in, `--profile-pc-range' ignored\n");
      break;

#ifdef SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE
    case OPTION_PROFILE_RANGE :
      if (WITH_PROFILE)
	{
	  char *chp = arg;
	  unsigned long start,end;
	  start = strtoul (chp, &chp, 0);
	  if (*chp != ',')
	    {
	      sim_io_eprintf (sd, "--profile-range missing END argument\n");
	      return SIM_RC_FAIL;
	    }
	  end = strtoul (chp + 1, NULL, 0);
	  /* FIXME: Argument validation.  */
	  if (cpu != NULL)
	    sim_addr_range_add (PROFILE_RANGE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu)),
				start, end);
	  else
	    for (cpu_nr = 0; cpu_nr < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++cpu_nr)
	      sim_addr_range_add (PROFILE_RANGE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, cpu_nr))),
				  start, end);
	}
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Profiling not compiled in, `--profile-range' ignored\n");
      break;

    case OPTION_PROFILE_FUNCTION :
      if (WITH_PROFILE)
	{
	  /*wip: need to compute function range given name*/
	}
      else
	sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Profiling not compiled in, `--profile-function' ignored\n");
      break;
#endif /* SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE */
    }

  return SIM_RC_OK;
}

/* Profiling output hooks.  */

static void
profile_vprintf (SIM_DESC sd, sim_cpu *cpu, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
  FILE *fp = PROFILE_FILE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu));

  /* If an output file was given, redirect output to that.  */
  if (fp != NULL)
    vfprintf (fp, fmt, ap);
  else
    sim_io_evprintf (sd, fmt, ap);
}

__attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 4)))
static void
profile_printf (SIM_DESC sd, sim_cpu *cpu, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;

  va_start (ap, fmt);
  profile_vprintf (sd, cpu, fmt, ap);
  va_end (ap);
}

/* PC profiling support */

#if WITH_PROFILE_PC_P

static void
profile_pc_cleanup (SIM_DESC sd)
{
  int n;
  for (n = 0; n < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; n++)
    {
      sim_cpu *cpu = STATE_CPU (sd, n);
      PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
      if (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (data) != NULL)
	free (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (data));
      PROFILE_PC_COUNT (data) = NULL;
      if (PROFILE_PC_EVENT (data) != NULL)
	sim_events_deschedule (sd, PROFILE_PC_EVENT (data));
      PROFILE_PC_EVENT (data) = NULL;
    }
}


static void
profile_pc_uninstall (SIM_DESC sd)
{
  profile_pc_cleanup (sd);
}

static void
profile_pc_event (SIM_DESC sd,
		  void *data)
{
  sim_cpu *cpu = (sim_cpu*) data;
  PROFILE_DATA *profile = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
  address_word pc = sim_pc_get (cpu);
  unsigned i;
  i = (pc - PROFILE_PC_START (profile)) >> PROFILE_PC_SHIFT (profile);
  if (i < PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile))
    PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i] += 1; /* Overflow? */
  else
    PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile)] += 1;
  PROFILE_PC_EVENT (profile) =
    sim_events_schedule (sd, PROFILE_PC_FREQ (profile), profile_pc_event, cpu);
}

static SIM_RC
profile_pc_init (SIM_DESC sd)
{
  int n;
  profile_pc_cleanup (sd);
  for (n = 0; n < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; n++)
    {
      sim_cpu *cpu = STATE_CPU (sd, n);
      PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
      if (CPU_PROFILE_FLAGS (STATE_CPU (sd, n))[PROFILE_PC_IDX])
	{
	  int bucket_size;
	  /* fill in the frequency if not specified */
	  if (PROFILE_PC_FREQ (data) == 0)
	    PROFILE_PC_FREQ (data) = 257;
	  /* fill in the start/end if not specified */
	  if (PROFILE_PC_END (data) == 0)
	    {
	      PROFILE_PC_START (data) = STATE_TEXT_START (sd);
	      PROFILE_PC_END (data) = STATE_TEXT_END (sd);
	    }
	  /* Compute the number of buckets if not specified. */
	  if (PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data) == 0)
	    {
	      if (PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (data) == 0)
		PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data) = 16;
	      else
		{
		  if (PROFILE_PC_END (data) == 0)
		    {
		      /* nr_buckets = (full-address-range / 2) / (bucket_size / 2) */
		      PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data) =
			((1 << sizeof (sim_cia) * (8 - 1))
			 / (PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (data) / 2));
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data) =
			((PROFILE_PC_END (data)
			  - PROFILE_PC_START (data)
			  + PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (data) - 1)
			 / PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (data));
		    }
		}
	    }
	  /* Compute the bucket size if not specified.  Ensure that it
             is rounded up to the next power of two */
	  if (PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (data) == 0)
	    {
	      if (PROFILE_PC_END (data) == 0)
		/* bucket_size = (full-address-range / 2) / (nr_buckets / 2) */
		bucket_size = ((1 << ((sizeof (sim_cia) * 8) - 1))
			       / (PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data) / 2));
	      else
		bucket_size = ((PROFILE_PC_END (data)
				- PROFILE_PC_START (data)
				+ PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data) - 1)
			       / PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data));
	      PROFILE_PC_SHIFT (data) = 0;
	      while (bucket_size > PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (data))
		{
		  PROFILE_PC_SHIFT (data) += 1;
		}
	    }
	  /* Align the end address with bucket size */
	  if (PROFILE_PC_END (data) != 0)
	    PROFILE_PC_END (data) = (PROFILE_PC_START (data)
				     + (PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (data)
					* PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data)));
	  /* create the relevant buffers */
	  PROFILE_PC_COUNT (data) =
	    NZALLOC (unsigned, PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (data) + 1);
	  PROFILE_PC_EVENT (data) =
	    sim_events_schedule (sd,
				 PROFILE_PC_FREQ (data),
				 profile_pc_event,
				 cpu);
	}
    }
  return SIM_RC_OK;
}

static void
profile_print_pc (sim_cpu *cpu, int verbose)
{
  SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu);
  PROFILE_DATA *profile = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
  char comma_buf[20];
  unsigned max_val;
  unsigned total;
  unsigned i;

  if (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) == 0)
    return;

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "Program Counter Statistics:\n\n");

  /* First pass over data computes various things.  */
  max_val = 0;
  total = 0;
  for (i = 0; i <= PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile); ++i)
    {
      total += PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i];
      if (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i] > max_val)
	max_val = PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i];
    }

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total samples: %s\n",
		  COMMAS (total));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Granularity: %s bytes per bucket\n",
		  COMMAS (PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (profile)));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Size: %s buckets\n",
		  COMMAS (PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile)));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Frequency: %s cycles per sample\n",
		  COMMAS (PROFILE_PC_FREQ (profile)));

  if (PROFILE_PC_END (profile) != 0)
    profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Range: 0x%lx 0x%lx\n",
		    (long) PROFILE_PC_START (profile),
		   (long) PROFILE_PC_END (profile));

  if (verbose && max_val != 0)
    {
      /* Now we can print the histogram.  */
      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
      for (i = 0; i <= PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile); ++i)
	{
	  if (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i] != 0)
	    {
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  ");
	      if (i == PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile))
		profile_printf (sd, cpu, "%10s:", "overflow");
	      else
		profile_printf (sd, cpu, "0x%08lx:",
				(long) (PROFILE_PC_START (profile)
					+ (i * PROFILE_PC_BUCKET_SIZE (profile))));
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, " %*s",
			      max_val < 10000 ? 5 : 10,
			      COMMAS (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i]));
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, " %4.1f",
			      (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i] * 100.0) / total);
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, ": ");
	      sim_profile_print_bar (sd, cpu, PROFILE_HISTOGRAM_WIDTH,
				     PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [i],
				     max_val);
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
	    }
	}
    }

  /* dump the histogram to the file "gmon.out" using BSD's gprof file
     format */
  /* Since a profile data file is in the native format of the host on
     which the profile is being, endian issues are not considered in
     the code below. */
  /* FIXME: Is this the best place for this code? */
  {
    FILE *pf = fopen ("gmon.out", "wb");

    if (pf == NULL)
      sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Failed to open \"gmon.out\" profile file\n");
    else
      {
	int ok;
	/* FIXME: what if the target has a 64 bit PC? */
	unsigned32 header[3];
	unsigned loop;
	if (PROFILE_PC_END (profile) != 0)
	  {
	    header[0] = PROFILE_PC_START (profile);
	    header[1] = PROFILE_PC_END (profile);
	  }
	else
	  {
	    header[0] = 0;
	    header[1] = 0;
	  }
	/* size of sample buffer (+ header) */
	header[2] = PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile) * 2 + sizeof (header);

	/* Header must be written out in target byte order.  */
	H2T (header[0]);
	H2T (header[1]);
	H2T (header[2]);

	ok = fwrite (&header, sizeof (header), 1, pf);
	for (loop = 0;
	     ok && (loop < PROFILE_PC_NR_BUCKETS (profile));
	     loop++)
	  {
	    signed16 sample;
	    if (PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [loop] >= 0xffff)
	      sample = 0xffff;
	    else
	      sample = PROFILE_PC_COUNT (profile) [loop];
 	    H2T (sample);
	    ok = fwrite (&sample, sizeof (sample), 1, pf);
	  }
	if (ok == 0)
	  sim_io_eprintf (sd, "Failed to write to \"gmon.out\" profile file\n");
	fclose (pf);
      }
  }

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
}

#endif

/* Summary printing support.  */

#if WITH_PROFILE_INSN_P

static SIM_RC
profile_insn_init (SIM_DESC sd)
{
  int c;

  for (c = 0; c < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++c)
    {
      sim_cpu *cpu = STATE_CPU (sd, c);

      if (CPU_MAX_INSNS (cpu) > 0)
	PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu)) = NZALLOC (unsigned int, CPU_MAX_INSNS (cpu));
    }

  return SIM_RC_OK;
}

static void
profile_print_insn (sim_cpu *cpu, int verbose)
{
  unsigned int i, n, total, max_val, max_name_len;
  SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu);
  PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
  char comma_buf[20];

  /* If MAX_INSNS not set, insn profiling isn't supported.  */
  if (CPU_MAX_INSNS (cpu) == 0)
    return;

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "Instruction Statistics");
#ifdef SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE
  if (PROFILE_RANGE (data)->ranges)
    profile_printf (sd, cpu, " (for selected address range(s))");
#endif
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n\n");

  /* First pass over data computes various things.  */
  max_val = 0;
  total = 0;
  max_name_len = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < CPU_MAX_INSNS (cpu); ++i)
    {
      const char *name = (*CPU_INSN_NAME (cpu)) (cpu, i);

      if (name == NULL)
	continue;
      total += PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data) [i];
      if (PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data) [i] > max_val)
	max_val = PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data) [i];
      n = strlen (name);
      if (n > max_name_len)
	max_name_len = n;
    }
  /* set the total insn count, in case client is being lazy */
  if (! PROFILE_TOTAL_INSN_COUNT (data))
    PROFILE_TOTAL_INSN_COUNT (data) = total;

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total: %s insns\n", COMMAS (total));

  if (verbose && max_val != 0)
    {
      /* Now we can print the histogram.  */
      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
      for (i = 0; i < CPU_MAX_INSNS (cpu); ++i)
	{
	  const char *name = (*CPU_INSN_NAME (cpu)) (cpu, i);

	  if (name == NULL)
	    continue;
	  if (PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data) [i] != 0)
	    {
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "   %*s: %*s: ",
			      max_name_len, name,
			      max_val < 10000 ? 5 : 10,
			      COMMAS (PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data) [i]));
	      sim_profile_print_bar (sd, cpu, PROFILE_HISTOGRAM_WIDTH,
				     PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data) [i],
				     max_val);
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
	    }
	}
    }

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
}

#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_MEMORY_P

static void
profile_print_memory (sim_cpu *cpu, int verbose)
{
  unsigned int i, n;
  unsigned int total_read, total_write;
  unsigned int max_val, max_name_len;
  /* FIXME: Need to add smp support.  */
  SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu);
  PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
  char comma_buf[20];

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "Memory Access Statistics\n\n");

  /* First pass over data computes various things.  */
  max_val = total_read = total_write = max_name_len = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < MODE_TARGET_MAX; ++i)
    {
      total_read += PROFILE_READ_COUNT (data) [i];
      total_write += PROFILE_WRITE_COUNT (data) [i];
      if (PROFILE_READ_COUNT (data) [i] > max_val)
	max_val = PROFILE_READ_COUNT (data) [i];
      if (PROFILE_WRITE_COUNT (data) [i] > max_val)
	max_val = PROFILE_WRITE_COUNT (data) [i];
      n = strlen (MODE_NAME (i));
      if (n > max_name_len)
	max_name_len = n;
    }

  /* One could use PROFILE_LABEL_WIDTH here.  I chose not to.  */
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total read:  %s accesses\n",
		  COMMAS (total_read));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total write: %s accesses\n",
		  COMMAS (total_write));

  if (verbose && max_val != 0)
    {
      /* FIXME: Need to separate instruction fetches from data fetches
	 as the former swamps the latter.  */
      /* Now we can print the histogram.  */
      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
      for (i = 0; i < MODE_TARGET_MAX; ++i)
	{
	  if (PROFILE_READ_COUNT (data) [i] != 0)
	    {
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "   %*s read:  %*s: ",
			      max_name_len, MODE_NAME (i),
			      max_val < 10000 ? 5 : 10,
			      COMMAS (PROFILE_READ_COUNT (data) [i]));
	      sim_profile_print_bar (sd, cpu, PROFILE_HISTOGRAM_WIDTH,
				     PROFILE_READ_COUNT (data) [i],
				     max_val);
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
	    }
	  if (PROFILE_WRITE_COUNT (data) [i] != 0)
	    {
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "   %*s write: %*s: ",
			      max_name_len, MODE_NAME (i),
			      max_val < 10000 ? 5 : 10,
			      COMMAS (PROFILE_WRITE_COUNT (data) [i]));
	      sim_profile_print_bar (sd, cpu, PROFILE_HISTOGRAM_WIDTH,
				     PROFILE_WRITE_COUNT (data) [i],
				     max_val);
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
	    }
	}
    }

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
}

#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_CORE_P

static void
profile_print_core (sim_cpu *cpu, int verbose)
{
  unsigned int total;
  unsigned int max_val;
  /* FIXME: Need to add smp support.  */
  SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu);
  PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
  char comma_buf[20];

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "CORE Statistics\n\n");

  /* First pass over data computes various things.  */
  {
    unsigned map;
    total = 0;
    max_val = 0;
    for (map = 0; map < nr_maps; map++)
      {
	total += PROFILE_CORE_COUNT (data) [map];
	if (PROFILE_CORE_COUNT (data) [map] > max_val)
	  max_val = PROFILE_CORE_COUNT (data) [map];
      }
  }

  /* One could use PROFILE_LABEL_WIDTH here.  I chose not to.  */
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total:  %s accesses\n",
		  COMMAS (total));

  if (verbose && max_val != 0)
    {
      unsigned map;
      /* Now we can print the histogram.  */
      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
      for (map = 0; map < nr_maps; map++)
	{
	  if (PROFILE_CORE_COUNT (data) [map] != 0)
	    {
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "%10s:", map_to_str (map));
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "%*s: ",
			      max_val < 10000 ? 5 : 10,
			      COMMAS (PROFILE_CORE_COUNT (data) [map]));
	      sim_profile_print_bar (sd, cpu, PROFILE_HISTOGRAM_WIDTH,
				     PROFILE_CORE_COUNT (data) [map],
				     max_val);
	      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
	    }
	}
    }

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
}

#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_MODEL_P

static void
profile_print_model (sim_cpu *cpu, int verbose)
{
  SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu);
  PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
  unsigned long cti_stall_cycles = PROFILE_MODEL_CTI_STALL_CYCLES (data);
  unsigned long load_stall_cycles = PROFILE_MODEL_LOAD_STALL_CYCLES (data);
  unsigned long total_cycles = PROFILE_MODEL_TOTAL_CYCLES (data);
  char comma_buf[20];

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "Model %s Timing Information",
		  MODEL_NAME (CPU_MODEL (cpu)));
#ifdef SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE
  if (PROFILE_RANGE (data)->ranges)
    profile_printf (sd, cpu, " (for selected address range(s))");
#endif
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n\n");
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  %-*s %s\n",
		  PROFILE_LABEL_WIDTH, "Taken branches:",
		  COMMAS (PROFILE_MODEL_TAKEN_COUNT (data)));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  %-*s %s\n",
		  PROFILE_LABEL_WIDTH, "Untaken branches:",
		  COMMAS (PROFILE_MODEL_UNTAKEN_COUNT (data)));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  %-*s %s\n",
		  PROFILE_LABEL_WIDTH, "Cycles stalled due to branches:",
		  COMMAS (cti_stall_cycles));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  %-*s %s\n",
		  PROFILE_LABEL_WIDTH, "Cycles stalled due to loads:",
		  COMMAS (load_stall_cycles));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  %-*s %s\n",
		  PROFILE_LABEL_WIDTH, "Total cycles (*approximate*):",
		  COMMAS (total_cycles));
  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
}

#endif

void
sim_profile_print_bar (SIM_DESC sd, sim_cpu *cpu, unsigned int width,
		       unsigned int val, unsigned int max_val)
{
  unsigned int i, count;

  count = ((double) val / (double) max_val) * (double) width;

  for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
    profile_printf (sd, cpu, "*");
}

/* Print the simulator's execution speed for CPU.  */

static void
profile_print_speed (sim_cpu *cpu)
{
  SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu);
  PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);
  unsigned long milliseconds = sim_events_elapsed_time (sd);
  unsigned long total = PROFILE_TOTAL_INSN_COUNT (data);
  double clock;
  double secs;
  char comma_buf[20];

  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "Simulator Execution Speed\n\n");

  if (total != 0)
    profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total instructions:      %s\n", COMMAS (total));

  if (milliseconds < 1000)
    profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total execution time:    < 1 second\n\n");
  else
    {
      /* The printing of the time rounded to 2 decimal places makes the speed
	 calculation seem incorrect [even though it is correct].  So round
	 MILLISECONDS first. This can marginally affect the result, but it's
	 better that the user not perceive there's a math error.  */
      secs = (double) milliseconds / 1000;
      secs = ((double) (unsigned long) (secs * 100 + .5)) / 100;
      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Total execution time   : %.2f seconds\n", secs);
      /* Don't confuse things with data that isn't useful.
	 If we ran for less than 2 seconds, only use the data if we
	 executed more than 100,000 insns.  */
      if (secs >= 2 || total >= 100000)
	profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Simulator speed:         %s insns/second\n",
			COMMAS ((unsigned long) ((double) total / secs)));
    }

  /* Print simulated execution time if the cpu frequency has been specified.  */
  clock = PROFILE_CPU_FREQ (data);
  if (clock != 0)
    {
      if (clock >= 1000000)
	profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Simulated cpu frequency: %.2f MHz\n",
			clock / 1000000);
      else
	profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Simulated cpu frequency: %.2f Hz\n", clock);

#if WITH_PROFILE_MODEL_P
      if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_MODEL_IDX])
	{
	  /* The printing of the time rounded to 2 decimal places makes the
	     speed calculation seem incorrect [even though it is correct].
	     So round 	 SECS first. This can marginally affect the result,
	     but it's 	 better that the user not perceive there's a math
	     error.  */
	  secs = PROFILE_MODEL_TOTAL_CYCLES (data) / clock;
	  secs = ((double) (unsigned long) (secs * 100 + .5)) / 100;
	  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  Simulated execution time: %.2f seconds\n",
			  secs);
	}
#endif /* WITH_PROFILE_MODEL_P */
    }
}

#ifdef SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE
/* Print selected address ranges.  */

static void
profile_print_addr_ranges (sim_cpu *cpu)
{
  ADDR_SUBRANGE *asr = PROFILE_RANGE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu))->ranges;
  SIM_DESC sd = CPU_STATE (cpu);

  if (asr)
    {
      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "Selected address ranges\n\n");
      while (asr != NULL)
	{
	  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "  0x%lx - 0x%lx\n",
			  (long) asr->start, (long) asr->end);
	  asr = asr->next;
	}
      profile_printf (sd, cpu, "\n");
    }
}
#endif

/* Top level function to print all summary profile information.
   It is [currently] intended that all such data is printed by this function.
   I'd rather keep it all in one place for now.  To that end, MISC_CPU and
   MISC are callbacks used to print any miscellaneous data.

   One might want to add a user option that allows printing by type or by cpu
   (i.e. print all insn data for each cpu first, or print data cpu by cpu).
   This may be a case of featuritis so it's currently left out.

   Note that results are indented two spaces to distinguish them from
   section titles.  */

static void
profile_info (SIM_DESC sd, int verbose)
{
  int i,c;
  int print_title_p = 0;

  /* Only print the title if some data has been collected.  */
  /* ??? Why don't we just exit if no data collected?  */
  /* FIXME: If the number of processors can be selected on the command line,
     then MAX_NR_PROCESSORS will need to take an argument of `sd'.  */

  for (c = 0; c < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS && !print_title_p; ++c)
    {
      sim_cpu *cpu = STATE_CPU (sd, c);
      PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);

      for (i = 0; i < MAX_PROFILE_VALUES; ++i)
	if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [i])
	  {
	    profile_printf (sd, cpu, "Summary profiling results:\n\n");
	    print_title_p = 1;
	    break;
	  }
    }

  /* Loop, cpu by cpu, printing results.  */

  for (c = 0; c < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++c)
    {
      sim_cpu *cpu = STATE_CPU (sd, c);
      PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);

      if (MAX_NR_PROCESSORS > 1
	  && (0
#if WITH_PROFILE_INSN_P
	      || PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_INSN_IDX]
#endif
#if WITH_PROFILE_MEMORY_P
	      || PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_MEMORY_IDX]
#endif
#if WITH_PROFILE_CORE_P
	      || PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_CORE_IDX]
#endif
#if WITH_PROFILE_MODEL_P
	      || PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_MODEL_IDX]
#endif
#if WITH_PROFILE_SCACHE_P && WITH_SCACHE
	      || PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_SCACHE_IDX]
#endif
#if WITH_PROFILE_PC_P
	      || PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_PC_IDX]
#endif
	      ))
	{
	  profile_printf (sd, cpu, "CPU %d\n\n", c);
	}

#ifdef SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE
      if (print_title_p
	  && (PROFILE_INSN_P (cpu)
	      || PROFILE_MODEL_P (cpu)))
	profile_print_addr_ranges (cpu);
#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_INSN_P
      if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_INSN_IDX])
	profile_print_insn (cpu, verbose);
#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_MEMORY_P
      if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_MEMORY_IDX])
	profile_print_memory (cpu, verbose);
#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_CORE_P
      if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_CORE_IDX])
	profile_print_core (cpu, verbose);
#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_MODEL_P
      if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_MODEL_IDX])
	profile_print_model (cpu, verbose);
#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_SCACHE_P && WITH_SCACHE
      if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_SCACHE_IDX])
	scache_print_profile (cpu, verbose);
#endif

#if WITH_PROFILE_PC_P
      if (PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_PC_IDX])
	profile_print_pc (cpu, verbose);
#endif

      /* Print cpu-specific data before the execution speed.  */
      if (PROFILE_INFO_CPU_CALLBACK (data) != NULL)
	PROFILE_INFO_CPU_CALLBACK (data) (cpu, verbose);

      /* Always try to print execution time and speed.  */
      if (verbose
	  || PROFILE_FLAGS (data) [PROFILE_INSN_IDX])
	profile_print_speed (cpu);
    }

  /* Finally print non-cpu specific miscellaneous data.  */
  if (STATE_PROFILE_INFO_CALLBACK (sd))
    STATE_PROFILE_INFO_CALLBACK (sd) (sd, verbose);

}

/* Install profiling support in the simulator.  */

SIM_RC
profile_install (SIM_DESC sd)
{
  int i;

  SIM_ASSERT (STATE_MAGIC (sd) == SIM_MAGIC_NUMBER);
  sim_add_option_table (sd, NULL, profile_options);
  for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++i)
    memset (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, i)), 0,
	    sizeof (* CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, i))));
#if WITH_PROFILE_INSN_P
  sim_module_add_init_fn (sd, profile_insn_init);
#endif
#if WITH_PROFILE_PC_P
  sim_module_add_uninstall_fn (sd, profile_pc_uninstall);
  sim_module_add_init_fn (sd, profile_pc_init);
#endif
  sim_module_add_init_fn (sd, profile_init);
  sim_module_add_uninstall_fn (sd, profile_uninstall);
  sim_module_add_info_fn (sd, profile_info);
  return SIM_RC_OK;
}

static SIM_RC
profile_init (SIM_DESC sd)
{
#ifdef SIM_HAVE_ADDR_RANGE
  /* Check if a range has been specified without specifying what to
     collect.  */
  {
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++i)
      {
	sim_cpu *cpu = STATE_CPU (sd, i);

	if (ADDR_RANGE_RANGES (PROFILE_RANGE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu)))
	    && ! (PROFILE_INSN_P (cpu)
		  || PROFILE_MODEL_P (cpu)))
	  {
	    sim_io_eprintf_cpu (cpu, "Profiling address range specified without --profile-insn or --profile-model.\n");
	    sim_io_eprintf_cpu (cpu, "Address range ignored.\n");
	    sim_addr_range_delete (PROFILE_RANGE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu)),
				   0, ~ (address_word) 0);
	  }
      }
  }
#endif

  return SIM_RC_OK;
}

static void
profile_uninstall (SIM_DESC sd)
{
  int i,j;

  for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_PROCESSORS; ++i)
    {
      sim_cpu *cpu = STATE_CPU (sd, i);
      PROFILE_DATA *data = CPU_PROFILE_DATA (cpu);

      if (PROFILE_FILE (data) != NULL)
	{
	  /* If output from different cpus is going to the same file,
	     avoid closing the file twice.  */
	  for (j = 0; j < i; ++j)
	    if (PROFILE_FILE (CPU_PROFILE_DATA (STATE_CPU (sd, j)))
		== PROFILE_FILE (data))
	      break;
	  if (i == j)
	    fclose (PROFILE_FILE (data));
	}

      if (PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data) != NULL)
	free (PROFILE_INSN_COUNT (data));
    }
}