binutils-gdb/gas/doc/c-avr.texi

@c Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c This is part of the GAS manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.

@ifset GENERIC
@page
@node AVR-Dependent
@chapter AVR Dependent Features
@end ifset

@ifclear GENERIC
@node Machine Dependencies
@chapter AVR Dependent Features
@end ifclear

@cindex AVR support
@menu
* AVR Options::              Options
* AVR Syntax::               Syntax
* AVR Opcodes::              Opcodes
@end menu

@node AVR Options
@section Options
@cindex AVR options (none)
@cindex options for AVR (none)

@table @code

@cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
@item -mmcu=@var{mcu}
Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.

Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).

Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
at90s8535).

Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
at86rf401, ata6289).

Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).

Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).

Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
instructions (MCU types: attiny167, at90usb82, at90usb162, atmega8u2,
atmega16u2, atmega32u2).

Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48p, atmega8, atmega88,
atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1,
at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81).

Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163,
atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165a, atmega165p, atmega168,
atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa,
atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p,
atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329,
atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, atmega3290, atmega3290a, atmega3290p,
atmega406, atmega64, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, atmega644pa,
atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, atmega6450p,
atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, atmega6490p,
atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega32hvb, atmega64hve, at90can32,
at90can64, at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, 
atmega32m1, atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646,
at90usb647, at94k, at90scr100).

Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
atmega128rfa1, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).

Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
atmega2560, atmega2561).

@cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
@item -mall-opcodes
Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.

@cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
@item -mno-skip-bug
This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.

@cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
@item -mno-wrap
This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.

@end table


@node AVR Syntax
@section Syntax
@menu
* AVR-Chars::                Special Characters
* AVR-Regs::                 Register Names
* AVR-Modifiers::            Relocatable Expression Modifiers
@end menu

@node AVR-Chars
@subsection Special Characters

@cindex line comment character, AVR
@cindex AVR line comment character

The presence of a @samp{;} on a line indicates the start of a comment
that extends to the end of the current line.  If a @samp{#} appears as
the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment.

@cindex line separator, AVR
@cindex statement separator, AVR
@cindex AVR line separator

The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
statements.

@node AVR-Regs
@subsection Register Names

@cindex AVR register names
@cindex register names, AVR

The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
@samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
@samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.

@smallexample
X = @r{r26:r27}
Y = @r{r28:r29}
Z = @r{r30:r31}
@end smallexample

@node AVR-Modifiers
@subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers

@cindex AVR modifiers
@cindex syntax, AVR

The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
in AVR instruction operands.  The general syntax is the following:

@smallexample
modifier(relocatable-expression)
@end smallexample

@table @code
@cindex symbol modifiers

@item lo8

This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.

@item hi8

This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
as 8 bit relocatable expression.  This is useful with, for example, the
AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.

For example

@smallexample
ldi r26, lo8(sym+10)
ldi r27, hi8(sym+10)
@end smallexample

@item hh8

This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.

@item hlo8

Synonym of @samp{hh8}.

@item hhi8

This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
@samp{hhi8}, modifier.

For example

@smallexample
ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
@end smallexample

@item pm_lo8

This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
to @samp{lo8}.

@item pm_hi8

This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
Flash/Program memory.

@item pm_hh8

This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
Flash/Program memory.

@end table

@node AVR Opcodes
@section Opcodes

@cindex AVR opcode summary
@cindex opcode summary, AVR
@cindex mnemonics, AVR
@cindex instruction summary, AVR
For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
@url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.

@code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.

@smallexample
@i{Legend:}
   r   @r{any register}
   d   @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
   v   @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
   a   @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
   w   @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
   e   @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
   b   @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
   z   @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
   M   @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
   n   @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
   s   @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
   P   @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
   p   @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
   K   @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
   i   @r{immediate value}
   l   @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
   L   @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
   h   @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
   S   @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
   ?   @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}

1001010010001000   clc  
1001010011011000   clh  
1001010011111000   cli  
1001010010101000   cln  
1001010011001000   cls  
1001010011101000   clt  
1001010010111000   clv  
1001010010011000   clz  
1001010000001000   sec  
1001010001011000   seh  
1001010001111000   sei  
1001010000101000   sen  
1001010001001000   ses  
1001010001101000   set  
1001010000111000   sev  
1001010000011000   sez  
100101001SSS1000   bclr    S
100101000SSS1000   bset    S
1001010100001001   icall
1001010000001001   ijmp 
1001010111001000   lpm     ?
1001000ddddd010+   lpm     r,z
1001010111011000   elpm    ?
1001000ddddd011+   elpm    r,z
0000000000000000   nop  
1001010100001000   ret  
1001010100011000   reti 
1001010110001000   sleep
1001010110011000   break
1001010110101000   wdr  
1001010111101000   spm  
000111rdddddrrrr   adc     r,r
000011rdddddrrrr   add     r,r
001000rdddddrrrr   and     r,r
000101rdddddrrrr   cp      r,r
000001rdddddrrrr   cpc     r,r
000100rdddddrrrr   cpse    r,r
001001rdddddrrrr   eor     r,r
001011rdddddrrrr   mov     r,r
100111rdddddrrrr   mul     r,r
001010rdddddrrrr   or      r,r
000010rdddddrrrr   sbc     r,r
000110rdddddrrrr   sub     r,r
001001rdddddrrrr   clr     r
000011rdddddrrrr   lsl     r
000111rdddddrrrr   rol     r
001000rdddddrrrr   tst     r
0111KKKKddddKKKK   andi    d,M
0111KKKKddddKKKK   cbr     d,n
1110KKKKddddKKKK   ldi     d,M
11101111dddd1111   ser     d
0110KKKKddddKKKK   ori     d,M
0110KKKKddddKKKK   sbr     d,M
0011KKKKddddKKKK   cpi     d,M
0100KKKKddddKKKK   sbci    d,M
0101KKKKddddKKKK   subi    d,M
1111110rrrrr0sss   sbrc    r,s
1111111rrrrr0sss   sbrs    r,s
1111100ddddd0sss   bld     r,s
1111101ddddd0sss   bst     r,s
10110PPdddddPPPP   in      r,P
10111PPrrrrrPPPP   out     P,r
10010110KKddKKKK   adiw    w,K
10010111KKddKKKK   sbiw    w,K
10011000pppppsss   cbi     p,s
10011010pppppsss   sbi     p,s
10011001pppppsss   sbic    p,s
10011011pppppsss   sbis    p,s
111101lllllll000   brcc    l
111100lllllll000   brcs    l
111100lllllll001   breq    l
111101lllllll100   brge    l
111101lllllll101   brhc    l
111100lllllll101   brhs    l
111101lllllll111   brid    l
111100lllllll111   brie    l
111100lllllll000   brlo    l
111100lllllll100   brlt    l
111100lllllll010   brmi    l
111101lllllll001   brne    l
111101lllllll010   brpl    l
111101lllllll000   brsh    l
111101lllllll110   brtc    l
111100lllllll110   brts    l
111101lllllll011   brvc    l
111100lllllll011   brvs    l
111101lllllllsss   brbc    s,l
111100lllllllsss   brbs    s,l
1101LLLLLLLLLLLL   rcall   L
1100LLLLLLLLLLLL   rjmp    L
1001010hhhhh111h   call    h
1001010hhhhh110h   jmp     h
1001010rrrrr0101   asr     r
1001010rrrrr0000   com     r
1001010rrrrr1010   dec     r
1001010rrrrr0011   inc     r
1001010rrrrr0110   lsr     r
1001010rrrrr0001   neg     r
1001000rrrrr1111   pop     r
1001001rrrrr1111   push    r
1001010rrrrr0111   ror     r
1001010rrrrr0010   swap    r
00000001ddddrrrr   movw    v,v
00000010ddddrrrr   muls    d,d
000000110ddd0rrr   mulsu   a,a
000000110ddd1rrr   fmul    a,a
000000111ddd0rrr   fmuls   a,a
000000111ddd1rrr   fmulsu  a,a
1001001ddddd0000   sts     i,r
1001000ddddd0000   lds     r,i
10o0oo0dddddbooo   ldd     r,b
100!000dddddee-+   ld      r,e
10o0oo1rrrrrbooo   std     b,r
100!001rrrrree-+   st      e,r
1001010100011001   eicall  
1001010000011001   eijmp   
@end smallexample