Introduced m4 parametrization rather than comments and ignore/end ignore
to configure manual for particular platforms. See m4 macro definitions in *.m4. (Requires GNU or SysV m4; Berkeley won't do).
This commit is contained in:
Roland Pesch
parent
c81e78d17f
commit
09352a5d3d
|
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@ -2,7 +2,30 @@
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|||
@c @tex
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@c \special{twoside}
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@c @end tex
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@setfilename as
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_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
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@setfilename as.info
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_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
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_if__(_M680X0__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
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@setfilename as-m680x0.info
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_fi__(_M680X0__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
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_if__(_AMD29K__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
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@setfilename as-29k.info
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_fi__(_AMD29K__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
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@c
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@c NOTE: this manual is marked up for preprocessing with a collection
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@c of m4 macros called "pretex.m4". If you see <_if__> and <_fi__>
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@c scattered around the source, you have the full source before
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@c preprocessing; if you don't, you have the source configured for some
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@c particular architecture (and you can of course get the full source,
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@c with all configurations, from wherever you got this). The full
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@c source needs to be run through m4 before either tex- or info-
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@c formatting: for example,
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@c m4 pretex.m4 none.m4 m680x0.m4 as.texinfo >as-680x0.texinfo
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@c will produce (assuming your path finds either GNU or SysV m4;
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@c Berkeley won't do) a file suitable for formatting.
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@c See the text in "pretex.m4" for a fuller explanation (and the macro
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@c definitions).
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@c
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@synindex ky cp
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@ifinfo
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This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".
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@ -38,21 +61,21 @@ original English.
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@end tex
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@smallbook
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@setchapternewpage odd
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@c if m680x0
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@c @settitle Using GNU as (680x0)
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@c fi m680x0
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@c if am29k
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_if__(_M680X0__)
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@settitle Using GNU as (680x0)
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_fi__(_M680X0__)
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_if__(_AMD29K__)
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@settitle Using GNU as (AMD 29K)
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@c fi am29k
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_fi__(_AMD29K__)
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@titlepage
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@title{Using GNU as}
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@subtitle{The GNU Assembler}
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@c if m680x0
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@c @subtitle{for Motorola 680x0}
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@c fi m680x0
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@c if am29k
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_if__(_M680X0__)
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@subtitle{for Motorola 680x0}
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_fi__(_M680X0__)
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_if__(_AMD29K__)
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@subtitle{for the AMD 29K family}
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@c fi am29k
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_fi__(_AMD29K__)
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@sp 1
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@subtitle February 1991
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@sp 13
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@ -239,9 +262,7 @@ Assembler Directives
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* Single:: @code{.single @var{flonums}}
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* Stab:: Store debugging information
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* Text:: Change to the text segment
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@c if am29k or sparc
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* Word:: Fill memory with 32-bit integers
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@c else (not am29k or sparc)
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* Deprecated:: Deprecated Directives
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* Machine Options:: Options
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* Machine Syntax:: Syntax
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@ -265,16 +286,14 @@ Machine Directives
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@chapter Overview
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This manual is a user guide to the GNU assembler @code{as}.
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@c pesch@cygnus.com:
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@c The following should be conditional on machine config
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@c if 680x0
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@c This version of the manual describes @code{as} configured to generate
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@c code for Motorola 680x0 architectures.
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@c fi 680x0
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@c if am29k
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_if__(_M680X0__)
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This version of the manual describes @code{as} configured to generate
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code for Motorola 680x0 architectures.
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_fi__(_M680X0__)
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_if__(_AMD29K__)
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This version of the manual describes @code{as} configured to generate
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code for Advanced Micro Devices' 29K architectures.
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@c fi am29k
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_fi__(_AMD29K__)
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@menu
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* Invoking:: Invoking @code{as}
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@ -297,12 +316,12 @@ Here is a brief summary of how to invoke GNU @code{as}. For details,
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@c to be limited to one line for the header.
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@example
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as [ -D ] [ -f ] [ -I @var{path} ] [ -k ] [ -L ] [ -o @var{objfile} ] [ -R ] [ -v ] [ -w ]
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@c if 680x0
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@c [ -l ] [ -mc68000 | -mc68010 | -mc68020 ]
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@c fi 680x0
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@c if am29k
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@c@c am29k has no machine-dependent assembler options
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@c fi am29k
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_if__(_M680X0__)
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[ -l ] [ -mc68000 | -mc68010 | -mc68020 ]
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_fi__(_M680X0__)
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_if__(_AMD29K__)
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@c am29k has no machine-dependent assembler options
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_fi__(_AMD29K__)
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[ -- | @var{files} @dots{} ]
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@end example
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@ -319,12 +338,12 @@ other assemblers; it has no effect on GNU @code{as}.
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Add @var{path} to the search list for @code{.include} directives
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@item -k
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@c if am29k
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||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
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||||
This option is accepted but has no effect on the 29K family.
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@c fi am29k
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||||
@c if not am29k
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@c Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements
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@c fi not am29k
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_fi__(_AMD29K__)
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_if__(!_AMD29K__)
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Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements
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_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
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@item -L
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Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with @samp{L}
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@ -338,13 +357,13 @@ Fold data segment into text segment
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@item -W
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Suppress warning messages
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@c if 680x0
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@c @item -l
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@c Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two
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@c
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@c @item -mc68000 | -mc68010 | -mc68020
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@c Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target (default 68020)
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@c fi 680x0
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||||
_if__(_M680X0__)
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@item -l
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Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two
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@item -mc68000 | -mc68010 | -mc68020
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||||
Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target (default 68020)
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_fi__(_M680X0__)
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@item -- | @var{files} @dots{}
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||||
Source files to assemble, or standard input
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||||
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@ -357,22 +376,24 @@ This document is intended to describe what you need to know to use GNU
|
|||
notation for symbols, constants, and expressions; the directives that
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||||
@code{as} understands; and of course how to invoke @code{as}.
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||||
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||||
@c if 680x0
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||||
@c We also cover special features in the 68000 configuration of @code{as},
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@c including pseudo-operations.
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||||
@c fi 680x0
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||||
@c if am29k
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||||
_if__(_M680X0__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
We also cover special features in the 68000 configuration of @code{as},
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||||
including pseudo-operations.
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||||
_fi__(_M680X0__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
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||||
_if__(_AMD29K__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
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||||
We also cover special features in the AMD 29K configuration of @code{as},
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||||
including assembler directives.
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||||
@c fi am29k
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||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
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||||
|
||||
@ignore
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||||
This document also describes some of the
|
||||
machine-dependent features of various flavors of the assembler.
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||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
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||||
This document also describes some of the machine-dependent features of
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||||
various flavors of the assembler.
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||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_INTERNALS__)
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||||
This document also describes how the assembler works internally, and
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||||
provides some information that may be useful to people attempting to
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||||
port the assembler to another machine.
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||||
@end ignore
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||||
_fi__(_INTERNALS__)
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||||
|
||||
On the other hand, this manual is @emph{not} intended as an introduction
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||||
to programming in assembly language---let alone programming in general!
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||||
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@ -395,10 +416,7 @@ qualification.
|
|||
@code{as} is part of a team of programs that turn a high-level
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||||
human-readable series of instructions into a low-level
|
||||
computer-readable series of instructions. Different versions of
|
||||
@code{as} are used for different kinds of computer. In particular,
|
||||
at the moment, @code{as} only works for the DEC Vax, the Motorola
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||||
680x0, the Intel 80386, the Sparc, and the National Semiconductor
|
||||
32032/32532.
|
||||
@code{as} are used for different kinds of computer.
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||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
||||
@c There used to be a section "Terminology" here, which defined
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||||
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|
@ -416,11 +434,9 @@ at the moment, @code{as} only works for the DEC Vax, the Motorola
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|||
compiler @code{gcc} for use by the linker @code{ld}. Nevertheless,
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||||
we've tried to make @code{as} assemble correctly everything that the native
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||||
assembler would.
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||||
@c if not am29k
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||||
@ignore
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||||
_if__(_VAX__)
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||||
Any exceptions are documented explicitly (@pxref{Machine Dependent}).
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||||
@end ignore
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||||
@c fi not am29k
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||||
_fi__(_VAX__)
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||||
This doesn't mean @code{as} always uses the same syntax as another
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||||
assembler for the same architecture; for example, we know of several
|
||||
incompatible versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.
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||||
|
|
@ -551,12 +567,12 @@ file_name:@b{NNN}:Warning Message Text
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|||
been given (@pxref{App-File}) it is used for the filename, otherwise the
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||||
name of the current input file is used. If a logical line number was
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||||
given
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||||
@c if not am29k
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||||
@c (@pxref{Line})
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||||
@c fi not am29k
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||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
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||||
(@pxref{Line})
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||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
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||||
(@pxref{Ln})
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||||
@c fi am29k
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||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
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||||
then it is used to calculate the number printed,
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||||
otherwise the actual line in the current source file is printed. The
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||||
message text is intended to be self explanatory (in the grand Unix
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||||
|
|
@ -599,23 +615,21 @@ in the same order as they were specified (left to right) on the command
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|||
line.
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||||
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||||
@subsection Warn if difference tables altered: @code{-k}
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||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
On the AMD 29K family, this option is allowed, but has no effect. It is
|
||||
permitted for compatibility with GNU @code{as} on other platforms,
|
||||
where it can be used to warn when @code{as} alters the machine code
|
||||
generated for @samp{.word} directives in difference tables. The AMD 29K
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||||
family does not have the addressing limitations that sometimes lead to this
|
||||
alteration on other platforms.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@code{as} sometimes alters the code emitted for directives of the form
|
||||
@samp{.word @var{sym1}-@var{sym2}}; @pxref{Word}.
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||||
You can use the @samp{-k} option if you want a warning issued when this
|
||||
is done.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
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||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
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||||
|
||||
@subsection Include Local Labels: @code{-L}
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||||
Labels beginning with @samp{L} (upper case only) are called @dfn{local
|
||||
|
|
@ -665,13 +679,12 @@ still reported.
|
|||
This chapter describes the machine-independent syntax allowed in a
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||||
source file. @code{as} syntax is similar to what many other assemblers
|
||||
use; it is inspired in BSD 4.2
|
||||
@c if not vax
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||||
_if__(!_VAX__)
|
||||
assembler. @refill
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||||
@c fi not vax
|
||||
@c if vax
|
||||
@c assembler, except that @code{as} does not
|
||||
@c assemble Vax bit-fields.
|
||||
@c fi vax
|
||||
_fi__(!_VAX__)
|
||||
_if__(_VAX__)
|
||||
assembler, except that @code{as} does not assemble Vax bit-fields.
|
||||
_fi__(_VAX__)
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Pre-processing:: Pre-processing
|
||||
|
|
@ -739,22 +752,22 @@ This means you may not nest these comments.
|
|||
|
||||
Anything from the @dfn{line comment} character to the next newline
|
||||
is considered a comment and is ignored. The line comment character is
|
||||
@c if vax
|
||||
@c @samp{#} on the Vax. @xref{Machine Dependent}. @refill
|
||||
@c @fi vax
|
||||
@c if 680x0
|
||||
@c @samp{|} on the 680x0. @xref{Machine Dependent}. @refill
|
||||
@c fi 680x0
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
@samp{;} for the AMD 29K family. @xref{Machine Dependent}. @refill
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@if all-arch
|
||||
_if__(_VAX__)
|
||||
@samp{#} on the Vax;
|
||||
_fi__(_VAX__)
|
||||
_if__(_M680X0__)
|
||||
@samp{|} on the 680x0;
|
||||
_fi__(_M680X0__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@samp{;} for the AMD 29K family;
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@pxref{Machine Dependent}. @refill
|
||||
|
||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
On some machines there are two different line comment characters. One
|
||||
will only begin a comment if it is the first non-whitespace character on
|
||||
a line, while the other will always begin a comment.
|
||||
@fi all-arch
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
|
||||
To be compatible with past assemblers a special interpretation is
|
||||
given to lines that begin with @samp{#}. Following the @samp{#} an
|
||||
|
|
@ -786,20 +799,20 @@ not a possible symbol delimiter). @xref{Symbols}.
|
|||
@node Statements, Constants, Symbol Intro, Syntax
|
||||
@section Statements
|
||||
A @dfn{statement} ends at a newline character (@samp{\n})
|
||||
@c @if m680x0 (or is this if !am29k?)
|
||||
@c or at a semicolon (@samp{;}). The newline or semicolon
|
||||
@c fi m680x0 (or !am29k)
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
or at a semicolon (@samp{;}). The newline or semicolon
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
or an ``at'' sign (@samp{@@}). The newline or at sign
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
is considered part
|
||||
of the preceding statement. Newlines
|
||||
@c if m680x0 (or !am29k)
|
||||
@c and semicolons
|
||||
@c fi m680x0 (or !am29k)
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
and semicolons
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
and at signs
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
within
|
||||
character constants are an exception: they don't end statements.
|
||||
It is an error to end any statement with end-of-file: the last
|
||||
|
|
@ -940,12 +953,12 @@ to strings. So if you want to write the character backslash, you
|
|||
must write @kbd{'\\} where the first @code{\} escapes the second
|
||||
@code{\}. As you can see, the quote is an acute accent, not a
|
||||
grave accent. A newline
|
||||
@c if 680x0 (or !am29k)
|
||||
@c (or semicolon @samp{;})
|
||||
@c fi 680x0 (or !am29k)
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
(or semicolon @samp{;})
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
(or at sign @samp{@@})
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
immediately
|
||||
following an acute accent is taken as a literal character and does
|
||||
not count as the end of a statement. The value of a character
|
||||
|
|
@ -997,18 +1010,16 @@ A flonum is written by writing (in order)
|
|||
@item
|
||||
The digit @samp{0}.
|
||||
@item
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
One of the letters @samp{DFPRSX} (in upper or lower case), to tell
|
||||
@code{as} the rest of the number is a flonum.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
A letter, to tell @code{as} the rest of the number is a flonum. @kbd{e}
|
||||
is recommended. Case is not important. (Any otherwise illegal letter
|
||||
will work here, but that might be changed. Vax BSD 4.2 assembler seems
|
||||
to allow any of @samp{defghDEFGH}.)
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@item
|
||||
An optional sign: either @samp{+} or @samp{-}.
|
||||
@item
|
||||
|
|
@ -1020,15 +1031,13 @@ or more decimal digits.
|
|||
An optional exponent, consisting of:
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
An @samp{E} or @samp{e}.
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
A letter; the exact significance varies according to
|
||||
the computer that executes the program. @code{as}
|
||||
accepts any letter for now. Case is not important.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Optional sign: either @samp{+} or @samp{-}.
|
||||
@item
|
||||
|
|
@ -1303,15 +1312,15 @@ output.
|
|||
Subsegments are optional. If you don't use subsegments, everything
|
||||
will be stored in subsegment number zero.
|
||||
|
||||
@c @if not am29k
|
||||
@c Each subsegment is zero-padded up to a multiple of four bytes.
|
||||
@c (Subsegments may be padded a different amount on different flavors
|
||||
@c of @code{as}.)
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
Each subsegment is zero-padded up to a multiple of four bytes.
|
||||
(Subsegments may be padded a different amount on different flavors
|
||||
of @code{as}.)
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
On the AMD 29K family, no particular padding is added to segment sizes;
|
||||
GNU as forces no alignment on this platform.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
Subsegments appear in your object file in numeric order, lowest numbered
|
||||
to highest. (All this to be compatible with other people's assemblers.)
|
||||
The object file contains no representation of subsegments; @code{ld} and
|
||||
|
|
@ -1402,10 +1411,10 @@ character may be followed by any string of digits, letters,
|
|||
underscores and dollar signs. Case of letters is significant:
|
||||
@code{foo} is a different symbol name than @code{Foo}.
|
||||
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
For the AMD 29K family, @samp{?} is also allowed in the
|
||||
body of a symbol name, though not at its beginning.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
Each symbol has exactly one name. Each name in an assembly language
|
||||
program refers to exactly one symbol. You may use that symbol name any
|
||||
|
|
@ -1478,19 +1487,19 @@ The special symbol @samp{.} refers to the current address that
|
|||
.long .} will cause @code{melvin} to contain its own address.
|
||||
Assigning a value to @code{.} is treated the same as a @code{.org}
|
||||
directive. Thus, the expression @samp{.=.+4} is the same as saying
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
@c @samp{.space 4}.
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@samp{.space 4}.
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@samp{.block 4}.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@node Symbol Attributes, , Dot, Symbols
|
||||
@section Symbol Attributes
|
||||
Every symbol has these attributes: Value, Type, Descriptor, and ``Other''.
|
||||
@c if internals
|
||||
@c The detailed definitions are in <a.out.h>.
|
||||
@c fi internals
|
||||
_if__(_INTERNALS__)
|
||||
The detailed definitions are in _0__<a.out.h>_1__.
|
||||
_fi__(_INTERNALS__)
|
||||
|
||||
If you use a symbol without defining it, @code{as} assumes zero for
|
||||
all these attributes, and probably won't warn you. This makes the
|
||||
|
|
@ -1675,12 +1684,12 @@ Highest Precedence
|
|||
@dfn{Division}. Truncation is the same as the C operator @samp{/}
|
||||
@item %
|
||||
@dfn{Remainder}.
|
||||
@item <
|
||||
@itemx <<
|
||||
@dfn{Shift Left}. Same as the C operator @samp{<<}
|
||||
@item >
|
||||
@itemx >>
|
||||
@dfn{Shift Right}. Same as the C operator @samp{>>}
|
||||
@item _0__<_1__
|
||||
@itemx _0__<<_1__
|
||||
@dfn{Shift Left}. Same as the C operator @samp{_0__<<_1__}
|
||||
@item _0__>_1__
|
||||
@itemx _0__>>_1__
|
||||
@dfn{Shift Right}. Same as the C operator @samp{_0__>>_1__}
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
|
|
@ -1761,9 +1770,7 @@ Similarly, you can't subtract quantities from two different segments.
|
|||
* Single:: @code{.single @var{flonums}}
|
||||
* Stab:: Store debugging information
|
||||
* Text:: Change to the text segment
|
||||
@c if am29k or sparc
|
||||
* Word:: Fill memory with 32-bit integers
|
||||
@c else (not am29k or sparc)
|
||||
* Deprecated:: Deprecated Directives
|
||||
* Machine Options:: Options
|
||||
* Machine Syntax:: Syntax
|
||||
|
|
@ -1852,14 +1859,13 @@ to the low 16 bits of an absolute expression.
|
|||
@section @code{.double @var{flonums}}
|
||||
@code{.double} expects zero or more flonums, separated by commas. It assembles
|
||||
floating point numbers.
|
||||
@c if all-arch
|
||||
@c The exact kind of floating point numbers
|
||||
@c emitted depends on how @code{as} is configured. @xref{Machine
|
||||
@c Dependent}.
|
||||
@c fi all-arch
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
The exact kind of floating point numbers emitted depends on how
|
||||
@code{as} is configured. @xref{Machine Dependent}.
|
||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
On the AMD 29K family the floating point format used is IEEE.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@node Else, End, Double, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section @code{.else}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1916,14 +1922,14 @@ assumed zero. If the first comma and following tokens are absent,
|
|||
@section @code{.float @var{flonums}}
|
||||
This directive assembles zero or more flonums, separated by commas. It
|
||||
has the same effect as @code{.single}.
|
||||
@c if all-arch
|
||||
@c The exact kind of floating point numbers emitted depends on how
|
||||
@c @code{as} is configured.
|
||||
@c @xref{Machine Dependent}.
|
||||
@c fi all-arch
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
The exact kind of floating point numbers emitted depends on how
|
||||
@code{as} is configured.
|
||||
@xref{Machine Dependent}.
|
||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
The floating point format used for the AMD 29K family is IEEE.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@node Global, Ident, Float, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section @code{.global @var{symbol}}, @code{.globl @var{symbol}}
|
||||
|
|
@ -2002,28 +2008,26 @@ bss segment, so at run-time the bytes will start off zeroed.
|
|||
@var{Symbol} is not declared global (@pxref{Global}), so is normally
|
||||
not visible to @code{ld}.
|
||||
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@node Line, Ln, Lcomm, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section @code{.line @var{line-number}}, @code{.ln @var{line-number}}
|
||||
@code{.line}, and its alternate spelling @code{.ln}, tell
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@node Ln, List, Line, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section @code{.ln @var{line-number}}
|
||||
Tell
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@code{as} to change the logical line number. @var{line-number} must be
|
||||
an absolute expression. The next line will have that logical line
|
||||
number. So any other statements on the current line (after a statement
|
||||
separator character
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@samp{@@})
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
@c @code{;})
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@code{;})
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
will be reported as on logical line number
|
||||
@var{logical line number} @minus{} 1.
|
||||
One day this directive will be unsupported: it is used only
|
||||
|
|
@ -2121,38 +2125,36 @@ file is the last value stored into it.
|
|||
|
||||
@node Short, Single, Set, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section @code{.short @var{expressions}}
|
||||
@c if not (sparc or amd29k)
|
||||
@c @code{.short} is the same as @samp{.word}. @xref{Word}.
|
||||
@c fi not (sparc or amd29k)
|
||||
@c if (sparc or amd29k)
|
||||
_if__(! (_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__) )
|
||||
@code{.short} is the same as @samp{.word}. @xref{Word}.
|
||||
_fi__(! (_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__) )
|
||||
_if__(_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__)
|
||||
This expects zero or more @var{expressions}, and emits
|
||||
a 16 bit number for each.
|
||||
@c fi (sparc or amd29k)
|
||||
_fi__(_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@node Single, Space, Short, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section @code{.single @var{flonums}}
|
||||
This directive assembles zero or more flonums, separated by commas. It
|
||||
has the same effect as @code{.float}.
|
||||
@c if all-arch
|
||||
@c The exact kind of floating point numbers emitted depends on how
|
||||
@c @code{as} is configured. @xref{Machine Dependent}.
|
||||
@c fi all-arch
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
The exact kind of floating point numbers emitted depends on how
|
||||
@code{as} is configured. @xref{Machine Dependent}.
|
||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
The floating point format used for the AMD 29K family is IEEE.
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node Space, Space, Single, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@section @code{.space @var{size} , @var{fill}}
|
||||
This directive emits @var{size} bytes, each of value @var{fill}. Both
|
||||
@var{size} and @var{fill} are absolute expressions. If the comma
|
||||
and @var{fill} are omitted, @var{fill} is assumed to be zero.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@c fi not am29k
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@section @code{.space}
|
||||
This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
|
||||
AMD 29K assemblers.
|
||||
|
|
@ -2161,7 +2163,7 @@ AMD 29K assemblers.
|
|||
@emph{Warning:} In other versions of GNU @code{as}, the directive
|
||||
@code{.space} has the effect of @code{.block} @xref{Machine Directives}.
|
||||
@end quotation
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@node Stab, Text, Space, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section @code{.stabd, .stabn, .stabs}
|
||||
|
|
@ -2228,24 +2230,21 @@ is used.
|
|||
@section @code{.word @var{expressions}}
|
||||
This directive expects zero or more @var{expressions}, of any segment,
|
||||
separated by commas.
|
||||
@c if sparc or amd29k
|
||||
_if__(_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__)
|
||||
For each expression, @code{as} emits a 32-bit number.
|
||||
@c fi sparc or amd29k
|
||||
@c if not (sparc or amd29k)
|
||||
@c For each expression, @code{as} emits a 16-bit number.
|
||||
@c fi not (sparc or amd29k)
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@c if all-arch
|
||||
The byte order
|
||||
of the expression depends on what kind of computer will run the
|
||||
program.
|
||||
@c fi all-arch
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
_fi__(_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(! (_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__) )
|
||||
For each expression, @code{as} emits a 16-bit number.
|
||||
_fi__(! (_SPARC__ || _AMD29K__) )
|
||||
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@c on the 29k this doesn't happen---32-bit addressability, period; no
|
||||
@c long/short jumps.
|
||||
@c if not am29k
|
||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
The byte order of the expression depends on what kind of computer will
|
||||
run the program.
|
||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
|
||||
@c on the 29k the "special treatment to support compilers" doesn't
|
||||
@c happen---32-bit addressability, period; no long/short jumps.
|
||||
_if__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@subsection Special Treatment to support Compilers
|
||||
|
||||
In order to assemble compiler output into something that will work,
|
||||
|
|
@ -2269,15 +2268,13 @@ long-jump to @code{sym4} will be included in the secondary jump table,
|
|||
and the @code{.word} directives will be adjusted to contain @code{sym3}
|
||||
minus the address of the long-jump to @code{sym4}; and so on, for as many
|
||||
entries in the original jump table as necessary.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@c if internals
|
||||
|
||||
_if__(_INTERNALS__)
|
||||
@emph{This feature may be disabled by compiling @code{as} with the
|
||||
@samp{-DWORKING_DOT_WORD} option.} This feature is likely to confuse
|
||||
assembly language programmers.
|
||||
@c fi internals
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
||||
_fi__(_INTERNALS__)
|
||||
_fi__(!_AMD29K__)
|
||||
|
||||
@node Deprecated, Machine Dependent, Word, Pseudo Ops
|
||||
@section Deprecated Directives
|
||||
|
|
@ -2290,24 +2287,17 @@ They are included for compatibility with older assemblers.
|
|||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node Machine Dependent, Machine Dependent, Pseudo Ops, Top
|
||||
@c if all-arch
|
||||
@c chapter Machine Dependent Features
|
||||
@c fi all-arch
|
||||
@c if 680x0
|
||||
@c chapter Machine Dependent Features: Motorola 680x0
|
||||
@c fi 680x0
|
||||
@c if amd29k
|
||||
@chapter Machine Dependent Features: AMD 29K
|
||||
@c fi amd29k
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: This version of the manual is specifically hacked
|
||||
@c for gas on a particular machine.
|
||||
@c We should have a config method of
|
||||
@c automating this; in the meantime, use ignore
|
||||
@c for the other architectures (or for their stubs)
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@c if all-arch
|
||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@chapter Machine Dependent Features
|
||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
|
||||
_if__(_VAX__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@chapter Machine Dependent Features: VAX
|
||||
_fi__(_VAX__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@section Vax
|
||||
@c fi all-arch
|
||||
_fi__(_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_VAX__)
|
||||
@subsection Options
|
||||
|
||||
The Vax version of @code{as} accepts any of the following options,
|
||||
|
|
@ -2516,9 +2506,12 @@ separated.
|
|||
@subsection Not Supported
|
||||
Vax bit fields can not be assembled with @code{as}. Someone
|
||||
can add the required code if they really need it.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
_fi__(_VAX__)
|
||||
|
||||
@c if am29k
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@chapter Machine Dependent Features: AMD 29K
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
@node Machine Options, Machine Syntax, Machine Dependent, Machine Dependent
|
||||
@section Options
|
||||
GNU @code{as} has no additional command-line options for the AMD
|
||||
|
|
@ -2652,9 +2645,11 @@ For information on the 29K machine instruction set, see @cite{Am29000
|
|||
User's Manual}, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@c fi am29k
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@c if 680x0
|
||||
_fi__(_AMD29K__)
|
||||
_if__(_M680X0__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@chapter Machine Dependent Features: Motorola 680x0
|
||||
_fi__(_M680X0__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_M680X0__)
|
||||
@section Options
|
||||
The 680x0 version of @code{as} has two machine dependent options.
|
||||
One shortens undefined references from 32 to 16 bits, while the
|
||||
|
|
@ -2687,12 +2682,10 @@ Size modifiers are appended directly to the end of the opcode without an
|
|||
intervening period. For example, write @samp{movl} rather than
|
||||
@samp{move.l}.
|
||||
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: Vintage Release c1.37 isn't compiled with
|
||||
@c SUN_ASM_SYNTAX.
|
||||
@c ignore
|
||||
_if__(_INTERNALS__)
|
||||
If @code{as} is compiled with SUN_ASM_SYNTAX defined, it will also allow
|
||||
Sun-style local labels of the form @samp{1$} through @samp{$9}.
|
||||
@c end ignore
|
||||
_fi__(_INTERNALS__)
|
||||
|
||||
In the following table @dfn{apc} stands for any of the address
|
||||
registers (@samp{a0} through @samp{a7}), nothing, (@samp{}), the
|
||||
|
|
@ -2739,12 +2732,12 @@ or @samp{@var{apc}@@(@var{register}:@var{size}:@var{scale})@@(@var{digits})}
|
|||
|
||||
@item Absolute
|
||||
@samp{@var{symbol}}, or @samp{@var{digits}}
|
||||
@c ignore
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: gnu, rich concur the following needs careful
|
||||
@c research before documenting.
|
||||
, or either of the above followed
|
||||
by @samp{:b}, @samp{:w}, or @samp{:l}.
|
||||
@c end ignore
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@section Floating Point
|
||||
|
|
@ -2787,11 +2780,11 @@ This directive is identical to a @code{.space} directive.
|
|||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: I don't see any point in the following
|
||||
@c paragraph. Bugs are bugs; how does saying this
|
||||
@c help anyone?
|
||||
@c ignore
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
Danger: Several bugs have been found in the opcode table (and
|
||||
fixed). More bugs may exist. Be careful when using obscure
|
||||
instructions.
|
||||
@c end ignore
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
||||
@subsection Branch Improvement
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2892,10 +2885,9 @@ The immediate character is @samp{#} for Sun compatibility. The
|
|||
line-comment character is @samp{|}. If a @samp{#} appears at the
|
||||
beginning of a line, it is treated as a comment unless it looks like
|
||||
@samp{# line file}, in which case it is treated normally.
|
||||
@c fi 680x0
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
_fi__(_M680X0__)
|
||||
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: see remarks at ignore for vax.
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: conditionalize, rather than ignore, when filled in.
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
@section 32x32
|
||||
@section Options
|
||||
|
|
@ -2917,7 +2909,13 @@ understands extended precision numbers.
|
|||
|
||||
@subsection Machine Directives
|
||||
The 32x32 has no machine dependent directives.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: stop ignoring this when "syntax" section filled in
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
_if__(_SPARC__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@chapter Machine Dependent Features: SPARC
|
||||
_fi__(_SPARC__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@section Sparc
|
||||
@subsection Options
|
||||
The sparc has no machine dependent options.
|
||||
|
|
@ -2967,7 +2965,12 @@ On the Sparc, the .word directive produces 32 bit values,
|
|||
instead of the 16 bit values it produces on every other machine.
|
||||
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
||||
_if__(_I80386__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
@chapter Machine Dependent Features: SPARC
|
||||
_fi__(_I80386__ && !_ALL_ARCH__)
|
||||
_if__(_I80386__)
|
||||
@section Intel 80386
|
||||
@subsection Options
|
||||
The 80386 has no machine dependent options.
|
||||
|
|
@ -3273,10 +3276,11 @@ is an immediate mode expression and the second operand is a register.
|
|||
This is just a shorthand, so that, multiplying @samp{%eax} by 69, for
|
||||
example, can be done with @samp{imul $69, %eax} rather than @samp{imul
|
||||
$69, %eax, %eax}.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: we also ignore the following chapters, but for
|
||||
@c a different reason---internals are changing
|
||||
@c rapidly. These may need to be moved to another
|
||||
_fi__(_I80386__)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@c pesch@cygnus.com: we ignore the following chapters, since internals are
|
||||
@c changing rapidly. These may need to be moved to another
|
||||
@c book anyhow, if we adopt the model of user/modifier
|
||||
@c books.
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
|
|
@ -3633,8 +3637,8 @@ inside the object file. Perhaps we should use the one in
|
|||
@file{/usr/include}?
|
||||
|
||||
@item as.h
|
||||
This defines all the globally useful things, and pulls in <stdio.h>
|
||||
and <assert.h>.
|
||||
This defines all the globally useful things, and pulls in _0__<stdio.h>_1__
|
||||
and _0__<assert.h>_1__.
|
||||
|
||||
@item bignum.h
|
||||
This defines macros useful for dealing with bignums.
|
||||
|
|
@ -4028,7 +4032,7 @@ This function stores a relocation fixup to be acted on later.
|
|||
@var{size} is the size of the relocation, and is usually 1 (a single byte),
|
||||
2 (sixteen bits), or 4 (a longword).
|
||||
The value @var{add_symbol} @minus{} @var{sub_symbol} + @var{offset}, is added to the byte(s)
|
||||
at @var{frag->literal[where]}. If @var{pcrel} is non-zero, the address of the
|
||||
at _0__@var{frag->literal[where]}_1__. If @var{pcrel} is non-zero, the address of the
|
||||
location is subtracted from the result. A relocation entry is also added
|
||||
to the @file{a.out} file. @var{add_symbol}, @var{sub_symbol}, and/or
|
||||
@var{offset} may be NULL.@refill
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue