references to pesch@cygnus.com changed to doc@cygnus.com
This commit is contained in:
Victoria Mixon
parent
b94ff92428
commit
0e68864241
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@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ The AMD 29K family uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
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@cindex machine directives, AMD 29K
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@cindex AMD 29K machine directives
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@table @code
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@item .block @var{size} , @var{fill}
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@cindex @code{block} directive, AMD 29K
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@item .block @var{size} , @var{fill}
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This directive emits @var{size} bytes, each of value @var{fill}. Both
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@var{size} and @var{fill} are absolute expressions. If the comma
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and @var{fill} are omitted, @var{fill} is assumed to be zero.
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@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ In other versions of the @sc{gnu} assembler, this directive is called
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@end table
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@table @code
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@item .cputype
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@cindex @code{cputype} directive, AMD 29K
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@item .cputype
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This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
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AMD 29K assemblers.
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@item .file
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@cindex @code{file} directive, AMD 29K
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@item .file
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This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
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AMD 29K assemblers.
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@ -142,25 +142,25 @@ AMD 29K assemblers.
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used for the directive called @code{.app-file} in the AMD 29K support.
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@end quotation
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@item .line
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@cindex @code{line} directive, AMD 29K
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@item .line
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This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
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AMD 29K assemblers.
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@ignore
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@c since we're ignoring .lsym...
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@item .reg @var{symbol}, @var{expression}
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@cindex @code{reg} directive, AMD 29K
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@item .reg @var{symbol}, @var{expression}
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@code{.reg} has the same effect as @code{.lsym}; @pxref{Lsym,,@code{.lsym}}.
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@end ignore
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@item .sect
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@cindex @code{sect} directive, AMD 29K
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@item .sect
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This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
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AMD 29K assemblers.
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@item .use @var{section name}
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@cindex @code{use} directive, AMD 29K
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@item .use @var{section name}
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Establishes the section and subsection for the following code;
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@var{section name} may be one of @code{.text}, @code{.data},
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@code{.data1}, or @code{.lit}. With one of the first three @var{section
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@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
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@c Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c This is part of the GAS manual.
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@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
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@ifset GENERIC
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@page
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@node i960-Dependent
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@chapter Intel 80960 Dependent Features
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@end ifset
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@ifclear GENERIC
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@node Machine Dependencies
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@chapter Intel 80960 Dependent Features
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@end ifclear
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@cindex i960 support
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@menu
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* Options-i960:: i960 Command-line Options
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* Floating Point-i960:: Floating Point
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* Directives-i960:: i960 Machine Directives
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* Opcodes for i960:: i960 Opcodes
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@end menu
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@c FIXME! Add Syntax sec with discussion of bitfields here, at least so
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@c long as they're not turned on for other machines than 960.
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@node Options-i960
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@section i960 Command-line Options
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@cindex i960 options
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@cindex options, i960
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@table @code
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@cindex i960 architecture options
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@cindex architecture options, i960
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@cindex @code{-A} options, i960
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@item -ACA | -ACA_A | -ACB | -ACC | -AKA | -AKB | -AKC | -AMC
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Select the 80960 architecture. Instructions or features not supported
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by the selected architecture cause fatal errors.
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@samp{-ACA} is equivalent to @samp{-ACA_A}; @samp{-AKC} is equivalent to
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@samp{-AMC}. Synonyms are provided for compatibility with other tools.
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If you do not specify any of these options, @code{@value{AS}} generates code
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for any instruction or feature that is supported by @emph{some} version of the
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960 (even if this means mixing architectures!). In principle,
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@code{@value{AS}} attempts to deduce the minimal sufficient processor type if
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none is specified; depending on the object code format, the processor type may
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be recorded in the object file. If it is critical that the @code{@value{AS}}
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output match a specific architecture, specify that architecture explicitly.
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@cindex @code{-b} option, i960
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@cindex branch recording, i960
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@cindex i960 branch recording
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@item -b
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Add code to collect information about conditional branches taken, for
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later optimization using branch prediction bits. (The conditional branch
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instructions have branch prediction bits in the CA, CB, and CC
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architectures.) If @var{BR} represents a conditional branch instruction,
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the following represents the code generated by the assembler when
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@samp{-b} is specified:
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@smallexample
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call @var{increment routine}
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.word 0 # pre-counter
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Label: @var{BR}
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call @var{increment routine}
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.word 0 # post-counter
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@end smallexample
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The counter following a branch records the number of times that branch
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was @emph{not} taken; the differenc between the two counters is the
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number of times the branch @emph{was} taken.
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@cindex @code{gbr960}, i960 postprocessor
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@cindex branch statistics table, i960
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A table of every such @code{Label} is also generated, so that the
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external postprocessor @code{gbr960} (supplied by Intel) can locate all
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the counters. This table is always labelled @samp{__BRANCH_TABLE__};
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this is a local symbol to permit collecting statistics for many separate
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object files. The table is word aligned, and begins with a two-word
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header. The first word, initialized to 0, is used in maintaining linked
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lists of branch tables. The second word is a count of the number of
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entries in the table, which follow immediately: each is a word, pointing
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to one of the labels illustrated above.
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@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
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@ifinfo
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@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
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@example
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+------------+------------+------------+ ... +------------+
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| | | | | |
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| *NEXT | COUNT: N | *BRLAB 1 | | *BRLAB N |
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| | | | | |
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+------------+------------+------------+ ... +------------+
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__BRANCH_TABLE__ layout
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@end example
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@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
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@end ifinfo
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@need 2000
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@tex
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\vskip 1pc
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\line{\leftskip=0pt\hskip\tableindent
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\boxit{2cm}{\tt *NEXT}\boxit{2cm}{\tt COUNT: \it N}\boxit{2cm}{\tt
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*BRLAB 1}\ibox{1cm}{\quad\dots}\boxit{2cm}{\tt *BRLAB \it N}\hfil}
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\centerline{\it {\tt \_\_BRANCH\_TABLE\_\_} layout}
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@end tex
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@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
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The first word of the header is used to locate multiple branch tables,
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since each object file may contain one. Normally the links are
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maintained with a call to an initialization routine, placed at the
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beginning of each function in the file. The @sc{gnu} C compiler
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generates these calls automatically when you give it a @samp{-b} option.
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For further details, see the documentation of @samp{gbr960}.
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@cindex @code{-no-relax} option, i960
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@item -no-relax
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Normally, Compare-and-Branch instructions with targets that require
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displacements greater than 13 bits (or that have external targets) are
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replaced with the corresponding compare (or @samp{chkbit}) and branch
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instructions. You can use the @samp{-no-relax} option to specify that
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@code{@value{AS}} should generate errors instead, if the target displacement
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is larger than 13 bits.
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This option does not affect the Compare-and-Jump instructions; the code
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emitted for them is @emph{always} adjusted when necessary (depending on
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displacement size), regardless of whether you use @samp{-no-relax}.
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@end table
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@node Floating Point-i960
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@section Floating Point
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@cindex floating point, i960 (@sc{ieee})
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@cindex i960 floating point (@sc{ieee})
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@code{@value{AS}} generates @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers for the directives
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@samp{.float}, @samp{.double}, @samp{.extended}, and @samp{.single}.
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@node Directives-i960
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@section i960 Machine Directives
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@cindex machine directives, i960
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@cindex i960 machine directives
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@table @code
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@cindex @code{bss} directive, i960
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@item .bss @var{symbol}, @var{length}, @var{align}
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Reserve @var{length} bytes in the bss section for a local @var{symbol},
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aligned to the power of two specified by @var{align}. @var{length} and
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@var{align} must be positive absolute expressions. This directive
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differs from @samp{.lcomm} only in that it permits you to specify
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an alignment. @xref{Lcomm,,@code{.lcomm}}.
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@end table
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@table @code
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@cindex @code{extended} directive, i96
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@item .extended @var{flonums}
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@code{.extended} expects zero or more flonums, separated by commas; for
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each flonum, @samp{.extended} emits an @sc{ieee} extended-format (80-bit)
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floating-point number.
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@cindex @code{leafproc} directive, i960
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@item .leafproc @var{call-lab}, @var{bal-lab}
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You can use the @samp{.leafproc} directive in conjunction with the
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optimized @code{callj} instruction to enable faster calls of leaf
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procedures. If a procedure is known to call no other procedures, you
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may define an entry point that skips procedure prolog code (and that does
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not depend on system-supplied saved context), and declare it as the
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@var{bal-lab} using @samp{.leafproc}. If the procedure also has an
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entry point that goes through the normal prolog, you can specify that
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entry point as @var{call-lab}.
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A @samp{.leafproc} declaration is meant for use in conjunction with the
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optimized call instruction @samp{callj}; the directive records the data
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needed later to choose between converting the @samp{callj} into a
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@code{bal} or a @code{call}.
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@var{call-lab} is optional; if only one argument is present, or if the
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two arguments are identical, the single argument is assumed to be the
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@code{bal} entry point.
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@cindex @code{sysproc} directive, i960
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@item .sysproc @var{name}, @var{index}
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The @samp{.sysproc} directive defines a name for a system procedure.
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After you define it using @samp{.sysproc}, you can use @var{name} to
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refer to the system procedure identified by @var{index} when calling
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procedures with the optimized call instruction @samp{callj}.
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Both arguments are required; @var{index} must be between 0 and 31
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(inclusive).
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@end table
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@node Opcodes for i960
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@section i960 Opcodes
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@cindex opcodes, i960
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@cindex i960 opcodes
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All Intel 960 machine instructions are supported;
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@pxref{Options-i960,,i960 Command-line Options} for a discussion of
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selecting the instruction subset for a particular 960
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architecture.@refill
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Some opcodes are processed beyond simply emitting a single corresponding
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instruction: @samp{callj}, and Compare-and-Branch or Compare-and-Jump
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instructions with target displacements larger than 13 bits.
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@menu
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* callj-i960:: @code{callj}
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* Compare-and-branch-i960:: Compare-and-Branch
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@end menu
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@node callj-i960
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@subsection @code{callj}
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@cindex @code{callj}, i960 pseudo-opcode
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@cindex i960 @code{callj} pseudo-opcode
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You can write @code{callj} to have the assembler or the linker determine
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the most appropriate form of subroutine call: @samp{call},
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@samp{bal}, or @samp{calls}. If the assembly source contains
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enough information---a @samp{.leafproc} or @samp{.sysproc} directive
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defining the operand---then @code{@value{AS}} translates the
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@code{callj}; if not, it simply emits the @code{callj}, leaving it
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for the linker to resolve.
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@node Compare-and-branch-i960
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@subsection Compare-and-Branch
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@cindex i960 compare/branch instructions
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@cindex compare/branch instructions, i960
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The 960 architectures provide combined Compare-and-Branch instructions
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that permit you to store the branch target in the lower 13 bits of the
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instruction word itself. However, if you specify a branch target far
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enough away that its address won't fit in 13 bits, the assembler can
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either issue an error, or convert your Compare-and-Branch instruction
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into separate instructions to do the compare and the branch.
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@cindex compare and jump expansions, i960
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@cindex i960 compare and jump expansions
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Whether @code{@value{AS}} gives an error or expands the instruction depends
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on two choices you can make: whether you use the @samp{-no-relax} option,
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and whether you use a ``Compare and Branch'' instruction or a ``Compare
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and Jump'' instruction. The ``Jump'' instructions are @emph{always}
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expanded if necessary; the ``Branch'' instructions are expanded when
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necessary @emph{unless} you specify @code{-no-relax}---in which case
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@code{@value{AS}} gives an error instead.
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These are the Compare-and-Branch instructions, their ``Jump'' variants,
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and the instruction pairs they may expand into:
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@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
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@ifinfo
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@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
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@example
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Compare and
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Branch Jump Expanded to
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------ ------ ------------
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bbc chkbit; bno
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bbs chkbit; bo
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cmpibe cmpije cmpi; be
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cmpibg cmpijg cmpi; bg
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cmpibge cmpijge cmpi; bge
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cmpibl cmpijl cmpi; bl
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cmpible cmpijle cmpi; ble
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cmpibno cmpijno cmpi; bno
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cmpibne cmpijne cmpi; bne
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cmpibo cmpijo cmpi; bo
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cmpobe cmpoje cmpo; be
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cmpobg cmpojg cmpo; bg
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cmpobge cmpojge cmpo; bge
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cmpobl cmpojl cmpo; bl
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cmpoble cmpojle cmpo; ble
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cmpobne cmpojne cmpo; bne
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@end example
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@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
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@end ifinfo
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@tex
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\hskip\tableindent
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\halign{\hfil {\tt #}\quad&\hfil {\tt #}\qquad&{\tt #}\hfil\cr
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\omit{\hfil\it Compare and\hfil}\span\omit&\cr
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{\it Branch}&{\it Jump}&{\it Expanded to}\cr
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bbc& & chkbit; bno\cr
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bbs& & chkbit; bo\cr
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cmpibe& cmpije& cmpi; be\cr
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cmpibg& cmpijg& cmpi; bg\cr
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cmpibge& cmpijge& cmpi; bge\cr
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cmpibl& cmpijl& cmpi; bl\cr
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cmpible& cmpijle& cmpi; ble\cr
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cmpibno& cmpijno& cmpi; bno\cr
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cmpibne& cmpijne& cmpi; bne\cr
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cmpibo& cmpijo& cmpi; bo\cr
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cmpobe& cmpoje& cmpo; be\cr
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cmpobg& cmpojg& cmpo; bg\cr
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cmpobge& cmpojge& cmpo; bge\cr
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cmpobl& cmpojl& cmpo; bl\cr
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cmpoble& cmpojle& cmpo; ble\cr
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cmpobne& cmpojne& cmpo; bne\cr}
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@end tex
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@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
|
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
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@c Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
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@c This is part of the GAS manual.
|
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@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
|
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@ifset GENERIC
|
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@page
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@node Sparc-Dependent
|
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@chapter SPARC Dependent Features
|
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@end ifset
|
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@ifclear GENERIC
|
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@node Machine Dependencies
|
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@chapter SPARC Dependent Features
|
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@end ifclear
|
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|
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@cindex SPARC support
|
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@menu
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* Sparc-Opts:: Options
|
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* Sparc-Float:: Floating Point
|
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* Sparc-Directives:: Sparc Machine Directives
|
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@end menu
|
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@node Sparc-Opts
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@section Options
|
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|
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@cindex options for SPARC
|
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@cindex SPARC options
|
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@cindex architectures, SPARC
|
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@cindex SPARC architectures
|
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The SPARC chip family includes several successive levels (or other
|
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variants) of chip, using the same core instruction set, but including
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a few additional instructions at each level.
|
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By default, @code{@value{AS}} assumes the core instruction set (SPARC
|
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v6), but ``bumps'' the architecture level as needed: it switches to
|
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successively higher architectures as it encounters instructions that
|
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only exist in the higher levels.
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@table @code
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@kindex -Av6
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@kindex Av7
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@kindex -Av8
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@kindex -Av9
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@kindex -Asparclite
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@item -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Av9 | -Asparclite
|
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Use one of the @samp{-A} options to select one of the SPARC
|
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architectures explicitly. If you select an architecture explicitly,
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@code{@value{AS}} reports a fatal error if it encounters an instruction
|
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or feature requiring a higher level.
|
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|
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@item -bump
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Permit the assembler to ``bump'' the architecture level as required, but
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warn whenever it is necessary to switch to another level.
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@end table
|
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|
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@ignore
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@c FIXME: (sparc) Fill in "syntax" section!
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@c subsection syntax
|
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I don't know anything about Sparc syntax. Someone who does
|
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will have to write this section.
|
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@end ignore
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@node Sparc-Float
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@section Floating Point
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@cindex floating point, SPARC (@sc{ieee})
|
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@cindex SPARC floating point (@sc{ieee})
|
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The Sparc uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
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@node Sparc-Directives
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@section Sparc Machine Directives
|
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|
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@cindex SPARC machine directives
|
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@cindex machine directives, SPARC
|
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The Sparc version of @code{@value{AS}} supports the following additional
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machine directives:
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@table @code
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@cindex @code{align} directive, SPARC
|
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@item .align
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This must be followed by the desired alignment in bytes.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{common} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .common
|
||||
This must be followed by a symbol name, a positive number, and
|
||||
@code{"bss"}. This behaves somewhat like @code{.comm}, but the
|
||||
syntax is different.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{half} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .half
|
||||
This is functionally identical to @code{.short}.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{proc} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .proc
|
||||
This directive is ignored. Any text following it on the same
|
||||
line is also ignored.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{reserve} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .reserve
|
||||
This must be followed by a symbol name, a positive number, and
|
||||
@code{"bss"}. This behaves somewhat like @code{.lcomm}, but the
|
||||
syntax is different.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{seg} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .seg
|
||||
This must be followed by @code{"text"}, @code{"data"}, or
|
||||
@code{"data1"}. It behaves like @code{.text}, @code{.data}, or
|
||||
@code{.data 1}.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{skip} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .skip
|
||||
This is functionally identical to the @code{.space} directive.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{word} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .word
|
||||
On the Sparc, the @code{.word} directive produces 32 bit values,
|
||||
instead of the 16 bit values it produces on many other machines.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{xword} directive, SPARC
|
||||
@item .xword
|
||||
On the Sparc V9 processor, the @code{.xword} directive produces
|
||||
64 bit values.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
|
|||
@c Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
@c This is part of the GAS manual.
|
||||
@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
|
||||
@ifset GENERIC
|
||||
@node Vax-Dependent
|
||||
@chapter VAX Dependent Features
|
||||
@cindex VAX support
|
||||
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
@ifclear GENERIC
|
||||
@node Machine Dependencies
|
||||
@chapter VAX Dependent Features
|
||||
@cindex VAX support
|
||||
|
||||
@end ifclear
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Vax-Opts:: VAX Command-Line Options
|
||||
* VAX-float:: VAX Floating Point
|
||||
* VAX-directives:: Vax Machine Directives
|
||||
* VAX-opcodes:: VAX Opcodes
|
||||
* VAX-branch:: VAX Branch Improvement
|
||||
* VAX-operands:: VAX Operands
|
||||
* VAX-no:: Not Supported on VAX
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node Vax-Opts
|
||||
@section VAX Command-Line Options
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex command-line options ignored, VAX
|
||||
@cindex VAX command-line options ignored
|
||||
The Vax version of @code{@value{AS}} accepts any of the following options,
|
||||
gives a warning message that the option was ignored and proceeds.
|
||||
These options are for compatibility with scripts designed for other
|
||||
people's assemblers.
|
||||
|
||||
@table @code
|
||||
@cindex @code{-D}, ignored on VAX
|
||||
@cindex @code{-S}, ignored on VAX
|
||||
@cindex @code{-T}, ignored on VAX
|
||||
@item @code{-D} (Debug)
|
||||
@itemx @code{-S} (Symbol Table)
|
||||
@itemx @code{-T} (Token Trace)
|
||||
These are obsolete options used to debug old assemblers.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{-d}, VAX option
|
||||
@item @code{-d} (Displacement size for JUMPs)
|
||||
This option expects a number following the @samp{-d}. Like options
|
||||
that expect filenames, the number may immediately follow the
|
||||
@samp{-d} (old standard) or constitute the whole of the command line
|
||||
argument that follows @samp{-d} (@sc{gnu} standard).
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{-V}, redundant on VAX
|
||||
@item @code{-V} (Virtualize Interpass Temporary File)
|
||||
Some other assemblers use a temporary file. This option
|
||||
commanded them to keep the information in active memory rather
|
||||
than in a disk file. @code{@value{AS}} always does this, so this
|
||||
option is redundant.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{-J}, ignored on VAX
|
||||
@item @code{-J} (JUMPify Longer Branches)
|
||||
Many 32-bit computers permit a variety of branch instructions
|
||||
to do the same job. Some of these instructions are short (and
|
||||
fast) but have a limited range; others are long (and slow) but
|
||||
can branch anywhere in virtual memory. Often there are 3
|
||||
flavors of branch: short, medium and long. Some other
|
||||
assemblers would emit short and medium branches, unless told by
|
||||
this option to emit short and long branches.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{-t}, ignored on VAX
|
||||
@item @code{-t} (Temporary File Directory)
|
||||
Some other assemblers may use a temporary file, and this option
|
||||
takes a filename being the directory to site the temporary
|
||||
file. Since @code{@value{AS}} does not use a temporary disk file, this
|
||||
option makes no difference. @samp{-t} needs exactly one
|
||||
filename.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex VMS (VAX) options
|
||||
@cindex options for VAX/VMS
|
||||
@cindex VAX/VMS options
|
||||
@cindex @code{-h} option, VAX/VMS
|
||||
@cindex @code{-+} option, VAX/VMS
|
||||
@cindex Vax-11 C compatibility
|
||||
@cindex symbols with lowercase, VAX/VMS
|
||||
@c FIXME! look into "I think" below, correct if needed, delete.
|
||||
The Vax version of the assembler accepts two options when
|
||||
compiled for VMS. They are @samp{-h}, and @samp{-+}. The
|
||||
@samp{-h} option prevents @code{@value{AS}} from modifying the
|
||||
symbol-table entries for symbols that contain lowercase
|
||||
characters (I think). The @samp{-+} option causes @code{@value{AS}} to
|
||||
print warning messages if the FILENAME part of the object file,
|
||||
or any symbol name is larger than 31 characters. The @samp{-+}
|
||||
option also inserts some code following the @samp{_main}
|
||||
symbol so that the object file is compatible with Vax-11
|
||||
"C".
|
||||
|
||||
@node VAX-float
|
||||
@section VAX Floating Point
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex VAX floating point
|
||||
@cindex floating point, VAX
|
||||
Conversion of flonums to floating point is correct, and
|
||||
compatible with previous assemblers. Rounding is
|
||||
towards zero if the remainder is exactly half the least significant bit.
|
||||
|
||||
@code{D}, @code{F}, @code{G} and @code{H} floating point formats
|
||||
are understood.
|
||||
|
||||
Immediate floating literals (@emph{e.g.} @samp{S`$6.9})
|
||||
are rendered correctly. Again, rounding is towards zero in the
|
||||
boundary case.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{float} directive, VAX
|
||||
@cindex @code{double} directive, VAX
|
||||
The @code{.float} directive produces @code{f} format numbers.
|
||||
The @code{.double} directive produces @code{d} format numbers.
|
||||
|
||||
@node VAX-directives
|
||||
@section Vax Machine Directives
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex machine directives, VAX
|
||||
@cindex VAX machine directives
|
||||
The Vax version of the assembler supports four directives for
|
||||
generating Vax floating point constants. They are described in the
|
||||
table below.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex wide floating point directives, VAX
|
||||
@table @code
|
||||
@cindex @code{dfloat} directive, VAX
|
||||
@item .dfloat
|
||||
This expects zero or more flonums, separated by commas, and
|
||||
assembles Vax @code{d} format 64-bit floating point constants.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{ffloat} directive, VAX
|
||||
@item .ffloat
|
||||
This expects zero or more flonums, separated by commas, and
|
||||
assembles Vax @code{f} format 32-bit floating point constants.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{gfloat} directive, VAX
|
||||
@item .gfloat
|
||||
This expects zero or more flonums, separated by commas, and
|
||||
assembles Vax @code{g} format 64-bit floating point constants.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex @code{hfloat} directive, VAX
|
||||
@item .hfloat
|
||||
This expects zero or more flonums, separated by commas, and
|
||||
assembles Vax @code{h} format 128-bit floating point constants.
|
||||
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node VAX-opcodes
|
||||
@section VAX Opcodes
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex VAX opcode mnemonics
|
||||
@cindex opcode mnemonics, VAX
|
||||
@cindex mnemonics for opcodes, VAX
|
||||
All DEC mnemonics are supported. Beware that @code{case@dots{}}
|
||||
instructions have exactly 3 operands. The dispatch table that
|
||||
follows the @code{case@dots{}} instruction should be made with
|
||||
@code{.word} statements. This is compatible with all unix
|
||||
assemblers we know of.
|
||||
|
||||
@node VAX-branch
|
||||
@section VAX Branch Improvement
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex VAX branch improvement
|
||||
@cindex branch improvement, VAX
|
||||
@cindex pseudo-ops for branch, VAX
|
||||
Certain pseudo opcodes are permitted. They are for branch
|
||||
instructions. They expand to the shortest branch instruction that
|
||||
reaches the target. Generally these mnemonics are made by
|
||||
substituting @samp{j} for @samp{b} at the start of a DEC mnemonic.
|
||||
This feature is included both for compatibility and to help
|
||||
compilers. If you do not need this feature, avoid these
|
||||
opcodes. Here are the mnemonics, and the code they can expand into.
|
||||
|
||||
@table @code
|
||||
@item jbsb
|
||||
@samp{Jsb} is already an instruction mnemonic, so we chose @samp{jbsb}.
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item (byte displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{bsbb @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (word displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{bsbw @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (long displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{jsb @dots{}}
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@item jbr
|
||||
@itemx jr
|
||||
Unconditional branch.
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item (byte displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{brb @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (word displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{brw @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (long displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{jmp @dots{}}
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@item j@var{COND}
|
||||
@var{COND} may be any one of the conditional branches
|
||||
@code{neq}, @code{nequ}, @code{eql}, @code{eqlu}, @code{gtr},
|
||||
@code{geq}, @code{lss}, @code{gtru}, @code{lequ}, @code{vc}, @code{vs},
|
||||
@code{gequ}, @code{cc}, @code{lssu}, @code{cs}.
|
||||
@var{COND} may also be one of the bit tests
|
||||
@code{bs}, @code{bc}, @code{bss}, @code{bcs}, @code{bsc}, @code{bcc},
|
||||
@code{bssi}, @code{bcci}, @code{lbs}, @code{lbc}.
|
||||
@var{NOTCOND} is the opposite condition to @var{COND}.
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item (byte displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{b@var{COND} @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (word displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{b@var{NOTCOND} foo ; brw @dots{} ; foo:}
|
||||
@item (long displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{b@var{NOTCOND} foo ; jmp @dots{} ; foo:}
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@item jacb@var{X}
|
||||
@var{X} may be one of @code{b d f g h l w}.
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item (word displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{@var{OPCODE} @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (long displacement)
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@var{OPCODE} @dots{}, foo ;
|
||||
brb bar ;
|
||||
foo: jmp @dots{} ;
|
||||
bar:
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@item jaob@var{YYY}
|
||||
@var{YYY} may be one of @code{lss leq}.
|
||||
@item jsob@var{ZZZ}
|
||||
@var{ZZZ} may be one of @code{geq gtr}.
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item (byte displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{@var{OPCODE} @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (word displacement)
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@var{OPCODE} @dots{}, foo ;
|
||||
brb bar ;
|
||||
foo: brw @var{destination} ;
|
||||
bar:
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@item (long displacement)
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@var{OPCODE} @dots{}, foo ;
|
||||
brb bar ;
|
||||
foo: jmp @var{destination} ;
|
||||
bar:
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@item aobleq
|
||||
@itemx aoblss
|
||||
@itemx sobgeq
|
||||
@itemx sobgtr
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item (byte displacement)
|
||||
@kbd{@var{OPCODE} @dots{}}
|
||||
@item (word displacement)
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@var{OPCODE} @dots{}, foo ;
|
||||
brb bar ;
|
||||
foo: brw @var{destination} ;
|
||||
bar:
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@item (long displacement)
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@var{OPCODE} @dots{}, foo ;
|
||||
brb bar ;
|
||||
foo: jmp @var{destination} ;
|
||||
bar:
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node VAX-operands
|
||||
@section VAX Operands
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex VAX operand notation
|
||||
@cindex operand notation, VAX
|
||||
@cindex immediate character, VAX
|
||||
@cindex VAX immediate character
|
||||
The immediate character is @samp{$} for Unix compatibility, not
|
||||
@samp{#} as DEC writes it.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex indirect character, VAX
|
||||
@cindex VAX indirect character
|
||||
The indirect character is @samp{*} for Unix compatibility, not
|
||||
@samp{@@} as DEC writes it.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex displacement sizing character, VAX
|
||||
@cindex VAX displacement sizing character
|
||||
The displacement sizing character is @samp{`} (an accent grave) for
|
||||
Unix compatibility, not @samp{^} as DEC writes it. The letter
|
||||
preceding @samp{`} may have either case. @samp{G} is not
|
||||
understood, but all other letters (@code{b i l s w}) are understood.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex register names, VAX
|
||||
@cindex VAX register names
|
||||
Register names understood are @code{r0 r1 r2 @dots{} r15 ap fp sp
|
||||
pc}. Upper and lower case letters are equivalent.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
tstb *w`$4(r5)
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
Any expression is permitted in an operand. Operands are comma
|
||||
separated.
|
||||
|
||||
@c There is some bug to do with recognizing expressions
|
||||
@c in operands, but I forget what it is. It is
|
||||
@c a syntax clash because () is used as an address mode
|
||||
@c and to encapsulate sub-expressions.
|
||||
|
||||
@node VAX-no
|
||||
@section Not Supported on VAX
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex VAX bitfields not supported
|
||||
@cindex bitfields, not supported on VAX
|
||||
Vax bit fields can not be assembled with @code{@value{AS}}. Someone
|
||||
can add the required code if they really need it.
|
||||
|
|
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
|
|||
@end tex
|
||||
|
||||
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
|
||||
Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
|
||||
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
||||
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
|
||||
|
|
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
|
|||
@end titlepage
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
|
||||
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
||||
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue