diff --git a/ld/Makefile.in b/ld/Makefile.in
index 2181f43940..d38501492d 100644
--- a/ld/Makefile.in
+++ b/ld/Makefile.in
@@ -41,9 +41,10 @@ man9dir = $(mandir)/man9
 infodir = $(prefix)/info
 includedir = $(prefix)/include
 docdir = $(datadir)/doc
+# We put the scripts in the directory $(scriptdir)/ldscripts.
 # We can't put the scripts in $(datadir) because the SEARCH_DIR
 # directives need to be different for native and cross linkers.
-scriptdir = $(tooldir)/lib/ld
+scriptdir = $(tooldir)/lib
 
 gcclibdir = $(libdir)/gcc/$(target_alias)
 
@@ -112,6 +113,9 @@ LINTFLAGS =  $(INCLUDES) $(EXTRA_DEF)
 
 .SUFFIXES: .y $(SUFFIXES) .cc
 
+# Suppress smart makes who think they know how to automake Yacc files
+.y.c:
+
 .cc.o:
 	$(C++) -c -I$(srcdir) $(CFLAGS) $<
 
@@ -162,23 +166,17 @@ BFDSOURCES=../../bfd/common/*.c
 SOURCES= $(LDSOURCES) $(BFDSOURCES)
 LINTSOURCES=   $(LDCSOURCES) $(BFDSOURCES) $(GENERATED_SOURCES)
 
-STAGESTUFF = emulations/* $(GENERATED_SOURCES) $(GENERATED_HEADERS) $(OFILES)
+STAGESTUFF = ldscripts/* $(GENERATED_SOURCES) $(GENERATED_HEADERS) $(OFILES)
 
 all: $(LD_PROG)
 
 info: ld.info
 
-# This somewhat odd makefile construction prevents a parallel gnu make
-# from spinning off two bison processes concurrently.  This is
-# important because yacc uses static file names and multiple instances
-# will collide.
-ldgram.h ldgram.c: ldgram-files
-ldgram-files: ldgram.y
+ldgram.h ldgram.c: ldgram.y
 	$(BISON) $(BISONFLAGS) -d $(srcdir)/ldgram.y
 	mv -f y.tab.c ldgram.c
 	mv -f y.tab.h ldgram.h
 
-
 DEF_EMUL = ` if [ -z "$(EMUL)" ] ; then \
 	       echo "you must set a default emulation" 1>&2 ; \
 	       exit 1 ; \
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@ DEF_EMUL = ` if [ -z "$(EMUL)" ] ; then \
              fi`
 
 ldmain.o: ldmain.c
-	$(CC) -c $(INCLUDES) $(HDEFINES) $(TDEFINES) $(CDEFINES) $(DEF_EMUL) -DSCRIPTDIR='"$(scriptdir)"' $(CFLAGS) $<
+	$(CC) -c $(INCLUDES) $(HDEFINES) $(TDEFINES) $(CDEFINES) $(DEF_EMUL) $(CFLAGS) $<
 
 ldemul-list.h:  
 	(echo "/* This file is automatically generated.  DO NOT EDIT! */";\
@@ -314,18 +312,18 @@ installcheck:
 # Rules for testing by relinking ld itself.
 
 ld-partial.o: ld.new
-	./ld.new -Lemulations $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld-partial.o -r $(OFILES)
+	./ld.new -L. $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld-partial.o -r $(OFILES)
 ld1: ld-partial.o
-	./ld.new -Lemulations $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld1 $(HOSTING_CRT0) ld-partial.o $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
+	./ld.new -L. $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld1 $(HOSTING_CRT0) ld-partial.o $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
 
 ld1-full: ld.new
-	./ld.new -Lemulations $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld1-full $(HOSTING_CRT0) $(OFILES) $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
+	./ld.new -L. $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld1-full $(HOSTING_CRT0) $(OFILES) $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
 
 ld2: ld1
-	./ld1 -Lemulations $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld2 $(HOSTING_CRT0) $(OFILES) $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
+	./ld1 -L. $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld2 $(HOSTING_CRT0) $(OFILES) $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
 
 ld3: ld2
-	./ld2 -Lemulations $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld3 $(HOSTING_CRT0) $(OFILES) $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
+	./ld2 -L. $(HOSTING_EMU) -o ld3 $(HOSTING_CRT0) $(OFILES) $(BFDLIB) $(LIBIBERTY) $(HOSTING_LIBS)
 
 bootstrap: ld3
 	cmp ld2 ld3
@@ -333,7 +331,7 @@ bootstrap: ld3
 # A test program for C++ constructors and destructors.
 
 cdtest: cdtest-main.o cdtest-func.o cdtest-foo.o ld.new
-	./ld.new -Lemulations $(HOSTING_EMU) -o cdtest $(HOSTING_CRT0) \
+	./ld.new -L. $(HOSTING_EMU) -o cdtest $(HOSTING_CRT0) \
 	  cdtest-main.o cdtest-func.o cdtest-foo.o $(HOSTING_LIBS)
 
 check-cdtest: cdtest $(srcdir)/cdtest.exp
@@ -441,7 +439,6 @@ ld-index.me: ld.me
 
 ldlex.o: ldlex.c ldgram.h
 ldgram.o: ldgram.c
-ldgram.c:ldgram.y
 ldexp.o: ldexp.c ldgram.h
 ldctor.o: ldctor.c ldgram.h
 ldlang.o: ldlang.c ldgram.h
@@ -501,7 +498,7 @@ mostlyclean:
 clean: mostlyclean
 	-rm -f $(LD_PROG)
 distclean: clean
-	-rm -f Makefile config.status TAGS sysdep.h
+	-rm -fr Makefile config.status TAGS sysdep.h ldscripts
 realclean: distclean
 	-rm -f $(LDDISTSTUFF)
 
@@ -527,8 +524,8 @@ objdump:objdump.c
 install: 
 	$(INSTALL_XFORM) ld.new $(bindir)/ld
 	$(INSTALL_XFORM1) $(srcdir)/ld.1 $(man1dir)/ld.1
-	for f in emulations/*; do \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$f $(scriptdir)/`basename $$f` ; \
+	for f in ldscripts/*; do \
+	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$f $(scriptdir)/$$f ; \
 	done
 	-n=`t='$(program_transform_name)'; echo ld | sed -e "" $$t`; \
 	  rm -f $(tooldir)/bin/ld; \
diff --git a/ld/configure.in b/ld/configure.in
index f9e0a7d2e3..d3a45b48ff 100644
--- a/ld/configure.in
+++ b/ld/configure.in
@@ -79,10 +79,8 @@ case "${target}" in
 			;;
   h8500-*-hms)		my_target=coff-h8500
 			;;
-# start-sanitize-sh
   sh-*-*)		my_target=coff-sh	
 			;;
-# end-sanitize-sh
   m68k-sony-*)		my_target=news
 			;;
   m68k-hp-bsd*)		my_target=hp300bsd
@@ -125,4 +123,4 @@ if [ ! -r ${srcdir}/${target_makefile_frag} ]; then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-mkdir emulations 2>/dev/null
+mkdir ldscripts 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/ld/genscripts.sh b/ld/genscripts.sh
index 7882a418bf..99434eefc0 100755
--- a/ld/genscripts.sh
+++ b/ld/genscripts.sh
@@ -1,61 +1,94 @@
+# genscripts.sh
 # This shell script does the work of generating the ld-emulation-target
 # specific information from a specific file of paramaters.
-# Usage: genscripts.sh srcdir host_alias target_alias emulation_name
+# Usage: genscripts.sh srcdir tooldirlib libdir host_alias target_alias emulation_name
+# Sample usage:
+# genscripts.sh /offsite/djm/work/devo/ld /usr/local/sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3/lib /usr/local/lib sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3 sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3 sun3.sh
+# produces sun3.x sun3.xbn sun3.xn sun3.xr sun3.xu em_sun3.c
 
 srcdir=$1
-host_alias=$2
-target_alias=$3
+tooldirlib=$2
+libdir=$3
+host_alias=$4
+target_alias=$5
 
-# Include the emulation-specic parameters:
-. ${srcdir}/$4
+# Include the emulation-specific parameters:
+. ${srcdir}/emulparams/$6
 
-# Set the library search path (for libraries named by -lfoo).
-# If LIB_PATH is defined (and non-empty), it is used.
-# (The format is the usual list of colon-separated directories.)
-# (To force a logically empty LIB_PATH, do LIBPATH=":".)
-# Otherwise, the default is /lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib,
-# unless cross-compiling, in which case the default remains empty.
+# Set the library search path, for libraries named by -lfoo.
+# If LIB_PATH is defined (e.g., by Makefile) and non-empty, it is used.
+# Otherwise, the default is set here.
+#
+# The format is the usual list of colon-separated directories.
+# To force a logically empty LIB_PATH, do LIBPATH=":".
 
-if [ "x${LIB_PATH}" = "x" -a "x${host_alias}" = "x${target_alias}" ] ; then
-   LIB_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
+if [ "x${LIB_PATH}" = "x" ] ; then
+   if [ "x${host_alias}" = "x${target_alias}" ] ; then
+      # Native.
+      LIB_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:${tooldirlib}:${libdir}
+      if [ "${libdir}" != /usr/local/lib ] ; then
+        LIB_PATH=${LIB_PATH}:/usr/local/lib
+      fi
+   else
+      # Cross.
+      LIB_PATH=${tooldirlib}
+   fi
 fi
 LIB_SEARCH_DIRS=`echo ${LIB_PATH} | tr ':' ' ' | sed -e 's/\([^ ][^ ]*\)/SEARCH_DIR(\1);/g'`
 
-# This  script generates 5 script files from the master script template
-# in ${srcdir}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sh.  Which one of the 5 script files
-# is actually used depends on command line flags given to ld.
-# The actual script is filtered through the mkscript program
-# to convert it to a form suitable for including in a C program
-# as a C string literal.
+# Generate 5 script files from a master script template in
+# ${srcdir}/scripttempl/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sh.  Which one of the 5 script files
+# is actually used depends on command line options given to ld.
 #
 # A .x script file is the default script.
 # A .xr script is for linking without relocation (-r flag).
 # A .xu script is like .xr, but *do* create constructors (-Ur flag).
 # A .xn script is for linking with -n flag (mix text and data on same page).
-# A .xN script is for linking with -N flag (mix text and data on same page).
+# A .xbn script is for linking with -N flag (mix text and data on same page).
 
-THIS_TEXT_START_ADDR=${TEXT_START_ADDR}
 SEGMENT_SIZE=${SEGMENT_SIZE-${PAGE_SIZE}}
 
-DATA_ALIGNMENT="ALIGN(${SEGMENT_SIZE})"
-FILTER_SCRIPT=""
-(. ${srcdir}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc-sh) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' | ./mkscript \
-  >${EMULATION_NAME}.xr
+# Determine DATA_ALIGNMENT for the 5 variants, using
+# values specified in the emulparams/<emulation>.sh file or default.
+
+DATA_ALIGNMENT_="${DATA_ALIGNMENT_-${DATA_ALIGNMENT-ALIGN(${SEGMENT_SIZE})}}"
+DATA_ALIGNMENT_n="${DATA_ALIGNMENT_n-${DATA_ALIGNMENT_}}"
+DATA_ALIGNMENT_N="${DATA_ALIGNMENT_N-${DATA_ALIGNMENT-.}}"
+DATA_ALIGNMENT_r="${DATA_ALIGNMENT_r-${DATA_ALIGNMENT-}}"
+DATA_ALIGNMENT_u="${DATA_ALIGNMENT_u-${DATA_ALIGNMENT_r}}"
+
+LD_FLAG=r
+DATA_ALIGNMENT=${DATA_ALIGNMENT_r}
+DEFAULT_DATA_ALIGNMENT="ALIGN(${SEGMENT_SIZE})"
+(. ${srcdir}/scripttempl/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' > \
+  ldscripts/${EMULATION_NAME}.xr
+
+LD_FLAG=u
+DATA_ALIGNMENT=${DATA_ALIGNMENT_u}
 CONSTRUCTING=
-(. ${srcdir}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc-sh) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' | ./mkscript \
-  >${EMULATION_NAME}.xu
+(. ${srcdir}/scripttempl/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' > \
+  ldscripts/${EMULATION_NAME}.xu
+
+LD_FLAG=
+DATA_ALIGNMENT=${DATA_ALIGNMENT_}
 RELOCATING=
-(. ${srcdir}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc-sh) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' | ./mkscript \
-  >${EMULATION_NAME}.x
-THIS_TEXT_START_ADDR=${NONPAGED_TEXT_START_ADDR-${TEXT_START_ADDR}}
-(. ${srcdir}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc-sh) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' | ./mkscript \
-  >${EMULATION_NAME}.xn
-DATA_ALIGNMENT="."
-(. ${srcdir}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc-sh) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' | ./mkscript \
-  >${EMULATION_NAME}.xN
+(. ${srcdir}/scripttempl/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' > \
+  ldscripts/${EMULATION_NAME}.x
+
+LD_FLAG=n
+DATA_ALIGNMENT=${DATA_ALIGNMENT_n}
+TEXT_START_ADDR=${NONPAGED_TEXT_START_ADDR-${TEXT_START_ADDR}}
+(. ${srcdir}/scripttempl/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' > \
+  ldscripts/${EMULATION_NAME}.xn
+
+LD_FLAG=N
+DATA_ALIGNMENT=${DATA_ALIGNMENT_N}
+(. ${srcdir}/scripttempl/${SCRIPT_NAME}.sc) | sed -e '/^ *$/d' > \
+  ldscripts/${EMULATION_NAME}.xbn
 
 #sed -e s/"<ldtarget>"/${EMULATION_NAME}/g -e s/"<arch>"/${ARCH}/g \
 # -e s/"<target>"/${EMULATION_NAME}/g -e s/"<target_name>"/${OUTPUT_FORMAT}/g \
-# <${srcdir}/${TEMPLATE_NAME-ldtemplate} >ld__${EMULATION_NAME}.c
+# <${srcdir}/${TEMPLATE_NAME-ldtemplate} >em_${EMULATION_NAME}.c
 
-. ${srcdir}/${TEMPLATE_NAME-generic}.em
+# Generate em_${EMULATION_NAME}.c.
+. ${srcdir}/emultempl/${TEMPLATE_NAME-generic}.em
diff --git a/ld/ldlang.c b/ld/ldlang.c
index 6b784786ab..0fa415831f 100644
--- a/ld/ldlang.c
+++ b/ld/ldlang.c
@@ -2441,10 +2441,10 @@ lang_process ()
     {
       /* Read the emulation's appropriate default script.  */
       char *scriptname = ldemul_get_script ();
-      size_t size = strlen (scriptname) + 3;
+      size_t size = strlen (scriptname) + 13;
       char *buf = (char *) ldmalloc(size);
 
-      sprintf (buf, "-T%s", scriptname);
+      sprintf (buf, "-Tldscripts/%s", scriptname);
       parse_line (buf, 0);
       free (buf);
     }
@@ -2788,11 +2788,12 @@ lang_statement_append (list, element, field)
   list->tail = field;
 }
 
-/* Set the output format type */
+/* Set the output format type.  -oformat overrides scripts.  */
 void
-lang_add_output_format (format)
+lang_add_output_format (format, from_script)
      CONST char *format;
+     int from_script;
 {
-  output_target = format;
+  if (!from_script || output_target == NULL)
+    output_target = format;
 }
-
diff --git a/ld/ldmain.c b/ld/ldmain.c
index 137368bfcf..36a6f0d52e 100644
--- a/ld/ldmain.c
+++ b/ld/ldmain.c
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ int had_y;
 /* The local symbol prefix */
 char lprefix = 'L';
 
+/* Set by -G argument, for MIPS ECOFF target.  */
+int g_switch_value = 8;
+
 /* Count the number of global symbols multiply defined.  */
 int multiple_def_count;
 
@@ -92,9 +95,6 @@ boolean trace_files;
 /* 1 => write load map.  */
 boolean write_map;
 
-
-int unix_relocate;
-
 #ifdef GNU960
 /* Indicates whether output file will be b.out (default) or coff */
 enum target_flavour output_flavor = BFD_BOUT_FORMAT;
@@ -115,48 +115,72 @@ unsigned int total_symbols_seen;
  */
 unsigned int total_files_seen;
 
-/* IMPORTS */
 args_type command_line;
+
 ld_config_type config;
+
 void
 main (argc, argv)
      char **argv;
      int argc;
 {
   char *emulation;
+  int i;
 
   program_name = argv[0];
-  output_filename = "a.out";
 
   bfd_init ();
 
-#ifdef GNU960
-  {
-    int i;
+  /* We need to find any explicitly given emulation before we initialize the
+     state that's needed by the lex&yacc argument parser (parse_args).  */
 
-    check_v960 (argc, argv);
-    emulation = "gld960";
-    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-      {
-	if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-Fcoff"))
-	  {
-	    emulation = "lnk960";
-	    output_flavor = BFD_COFF_FORMAT;
-	    break;
-	  }
-      }
-  }
+#ifdef GNU960
+  check_v960 (argc, argv);
+  emulation = "gld960";
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+    {
+      if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-Fcoff"))
+	{
+	  emulation = "lnk960";
+	  output_flavor = BFD_COFF_FORMAT;
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
 #else
   emulation = (char *) getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);
 #endif
 
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+    {
+      if (!strncmp (argv[i], "-m", 2))
+	{
+	  if (argv[i][2] == '\0')
+	    {
+	      /* -m EMUL */
+	      if (i < argc - 1)
+		{
+		  emulation = argv[i + 1];
+		  i++;
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  einfo("%P%F missing argument to -m\n");
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* -mEMUL */
+	      emulation = &argv[i][2];
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
   /* Initialize the data about options.  */
 
 
   trace_files = false;
   write_map = false;
   config.relocateable_output = false;
-  unix_relocate = 0;
   command_line.force_common_definition = false;
 
   init_bfd_error_vector ();
@@ -331,9 +355,9 @@ definitions seen, undefined global symbols and pending commons.
 extern boolean relaxing;
 
 void
-DEFUN (Q_enter_global_ref, (nlist_p, name),
-       asymbol ** nlist_p AND	/* pointer into symbol table from incoming bfd */
-       CONST char *name /* name of symbol in linker table */ )
+Q_enter_global_ref (nlist_p, name)
+     asymbol ** nlist_p;	/* pointer into symbol table from incoming bfd */
+     CONST char *name; /* name of symbol in linker table */
 {
   asymbol *sym = *nlist_p;
   ldsym_type *sp;
@@ -932,6 +956,9 @@ subfile_wanted_p (entry)
 {
   asymbol **q;
 
+  if (entry->symbol_count == 0)
+    return false;
+
   for (q = entry->asymbols; *q; q++)
     {
       asymbol *p = *q;