*** empty log message ***
This commit is contained in:
Roland Pesch
parent
28f3b09449
commit
715eb31fa9
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@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
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@node Top, ar, (dir), (dir)
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@chapter Introduction
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@cindex version
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This brief manual contains preliminary documentation for the GNU binary
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utilities (collectively version 1.90):
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@table @code
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@ -100,18 +101,22 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
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@end ifinfo
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@menu
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* ar:: ar
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* ld:: ld
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* nm:: nm
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* objdump:: objdump
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* ranlib:: ranlib
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* size:: size
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* strip:: strip
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* ar:: Create, modify, and extract from archives
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* ld:: See ld.info
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* nm:: List symbols from object files
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* objdump:: Display information from object files
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* ranlib:: Generate index to archive contents
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* size:: List section sizes and total size
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* strip:: Discard symbols
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* Index::
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@end menu
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@node ar, ld, Top, Top
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@chapter ar
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@kindex ar
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@cindex archives
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@cindex collections of files
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@smallexample
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ar [-]@var{p}@var{mod} [ @var{membername} ] @var{archive} @var{files}@dots{}
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@end smallexample
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@ -125,6 +130,7 @@ The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
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group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on
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extraction.
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@cindex name length
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GNU @code{ar} can maintain archives whose members have names of any
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length; however, depending on how @code{ar} is configured on your
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system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility
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@ -132,10 +138,12 @@ with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the
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limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
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characters (typical of formats related to coff).
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@cindex libraries
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@code{ar} is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
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are most often used as @dfn{libraries} holding commonly needed
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subroutines.
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@cindex symbol index
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@code{ar} will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
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object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier @samp{s}.
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Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever @code{ar}
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@ -161,11 +169,13 @@ flags @var{mod} in any order, within the first command-line argument.
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If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
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dash.
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@cindex operations on archive
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The @var{p} keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
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any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
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@table @code
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@item d
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@cindex deleting from archive
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@emph{Delete} modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
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be deleted as @var{files}; the archive is untouched if you
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specify no files to delete.
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@ -174,6 +184,7 @@ If you specify the @samp{v} modifier, @code{ar} will list each module
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as it is deleted.
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@item m
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@cindex moving in archive
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Use this operation to @emph{move} members in an archive.
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The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
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@ -186,6 +197,7 @@ you can use the @samp{a}, @samp{b}, or @samp{i} modifiers to move them to a
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specified place instead.
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@item p
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@cindex printing from archive
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@emph{Print} the specified members of the archive, to the standard
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output file. If the @samp{v} modifier is specified, show the member
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name before copying its contents to standard output.
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@ -193,6 +205,7 @@ name before copying its contents to standard output.
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If you specify no @var{files}, all the files in the archive are printed.
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@item q
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@cindex quick append to archive
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@emph{Quick append}; add @var{files} to the end of @var{archive},
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without checking for replacement.
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@ -206,6 +219,7 @@ index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use @samp{ar s} or
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@code{ranlib} explicitly to update the symbol table index.
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@item r
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@cindex replacement in archive
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Insert @var{files} into @var{archive} (with @emph{replacement}). This
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operation differs from @samp{q} in that any previously existing members
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are deleted if their names match those being added.
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@ -224,6 +238,7 @@ output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters @samp{a} or
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deleted) or replaced.
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@item t
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@cindex contents of archive
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Display a @emph{table} listing the contents of @var{archive}, or those
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of the files listed in @var{files} that are present in the
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archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
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@ -233,6 +248,8 @@ request that by also specifying the @samp{v} modifier.
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If you do not specify any @var{files}, all files in the archive
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are listed.
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@cindex repeated names in archive
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@cindex name duplication in archive
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If there is more than one file with the same name (say, @samp{fie}) in
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an archive (say @samp{b.a}), @samp{ar t b.a fie} will list only the
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first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
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@ -241,6 +258,7 @@ listing---in our example, @samp{ar t b.a}.
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@c recent case in fact works the other way.
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@item x
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@cindex extract from archive
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@emph{Extract} members (named @var{files}) from the archive. You can
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use the @samp{v} modifier with this operation, to request that
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@code{ar} list each name as it extracts it.
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@ -255,6 +273,7 @@ keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
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@table @code
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@item a
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@cindex relative placement in archive
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Add new files @emph{after} an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier @code{a}, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
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@ -267,6 +286,7 @@ member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
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@var{archive} specification. (same as @samp{i}).
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@item c
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@cindex creating archives
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@emph{Create} the archive. The specified @var{archive} is always
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created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
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issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
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@ -284,17 +304,20 @@ This modifier is accepted but not used.
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@c what???---pesch@@cygnus.com, 25jan91
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@item o
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@cindex dates in archive
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Preserve the @emph{original} dates of members when extracting them. If
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you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
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will be stamped with the time of extraction.
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@item s
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@cindex writing archive index
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Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
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even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
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flag either with any operation, or alone. Running @samp{ar s} on an
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archive is equivalent to running @samp{ranlib} on it.
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@item u
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@cindex updating an archive
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Normally, @code{ar r}@dots{} inserts all files
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listed into the archive. If you would like to insert @emph{only} those
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of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
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@ -312,11 +335,15 @@ when the modifier @samp{v} is appended.
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@node ld, nm, ar, Top
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@chapter ld
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@cindex linker
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@kindex ld
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The GNU linker @code{ld} is now described in a separate manual.
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@xref{Top,, Overview,, GLD: the GNU linker}.
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@node nm, objdump, ld, Top
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@chapter nm
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@cindex symbols
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@kindex nm
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@smallexample
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nm [ -a | +debug-syms ] [ -g | +extern-only ]
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@ -334,19 +361,23 @@ equivalent.
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@table @code
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@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
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@kindex a.out
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Object files whose symbols are to be listed. If no object files are
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listed as arguments, @code{nm} assumes @samp{a.out}.
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@item -a
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@itemx +debug-syms
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@cindex debugging symbols
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Display debugger-only symbols; normally these are not listed.
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@item -g
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@itemx +extern-only
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@cindex external symbols
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Display only external symbols.
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@item -p
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@itemx +no-sort
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@cindex sorting symbols
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Don't bother to sort the symbols in any order; just print them in the
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order encountered.
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@ -357,12 +388,16 @@ names.
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@item -s
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@itemx +print-armap
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When listing symbols from archives, list the index: a mapping (stored in
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the archive by @code{ar} or @code{ranlib}) of what modules contain
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definitions for what names.
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@cindex symbol index, listing
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When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
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(stored in the archive by @code{ar} or @code{ranlib}) of what modules
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contain definitions for what names.
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@item -o
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@itemx +print-file-name
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@cindex input file name
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@cindex file name
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@cindex source file name
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Precede each symbol by the name of the input file where it was found,
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rather than identifying the input file once only before all of its
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symbols.
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@ -374,12 +409,15 @@ last come first.
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@item +target @var{bfdname}
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@c @item +target
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@cindex object code format
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Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
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@xref{objdump}, for information on listing available formats.
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@c FIXME what *does* +target/no arg do?
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@item -u
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@itemx +undefined-only
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@cindex external symbols
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@cindex undefined symbols
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Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
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@end table
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@ -387,6 +425,9 @@ Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
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@node objdump, ranlib, nm, Top
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@chapter objdump
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@cindex object file information
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@kindex objdump
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@smallexample
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objdump [ -a ] [ -b @var{bfdname} ] [ -d ] [ -f ]
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[ -h | +header ] [ -i ] [ -j @var{section} ] [ -l ]
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@ -406,15 +447,20 @@ equivalent.
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@table @code
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@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
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The object files to be examined.
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The object files to be examined. When you specify archives,
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@code{objdump} shows information on each of the member object files.
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@item -a
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@c print_arelt_descr
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@cindex archive headers
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If any files from @var{objfiles} are archives, display the archive
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header information (in a format similar to @samp{ls -l}).
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header information (in a format similar to @samp{ls -l}). Besides the
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information you could list with @samp{ar tv}, @samp{objdump -a} shows
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the object file format of each archive member.
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@c suggest longname +target or +format or +bfd
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@item -b @var{bfdname}
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@cindex object code format
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You can specify a particular object-code format for your object files as
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@var{bfdname}. This may not be necessary; @var{objdump} can
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automatically recognize many formats. For example,
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@ -428,59 +474,78 @@ file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the
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formats available with the @samp{-i} option.
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@item -d
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@cindex disassembling object code
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@cindex machine instructions
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Disassemble. Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
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instructions from @var{objfiles}.
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@item -f
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@cindex object file header
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File header. Display summary information from the overall header of
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each file in @var{objfiles}.
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@item -h
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@itemx +header
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@cindex section headers
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Header. Display summary information from the section headers of the
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object file.
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@item -i
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@cindex architectures available
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@cindex object formats available
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Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
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for specification with @code{-b} or @code{-m}.
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@c suggest longname +section
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@item -j @var{name}
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@cindex section information
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Display information only for section @var{name}
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@c suggest longname +label or +linespec
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@item -l
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@cindex source filenames for object files
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Label the display (using debugging information) with the source filename
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and line numbers corresponding to the object code shown.
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@c suggest longname +architecture
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@item -m @var{machine}
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@cindex architecture
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Specify the object files @var{objfiles} are for architecture
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@var{machine}. You can list available architectures using the @samp{-i}
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option.
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@item -r
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@itemx +reloc
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@cindex relocation entries, in object file
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Relocation. Print the relocation entries of the file.
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@item -s
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@cindex sections, full contents
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@cindex object file sections
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Display the full contents of any sections requested.
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@item -t
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@itemx +syms
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@cindex symbol table entries, printing
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Symbol Table. Print the symbol table entries of the file.
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This is similar to the information provided by the @samp{nm} program.
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@item -x
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@cindex all header information, object file
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@cindex header information, all
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Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
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relocation entries. Using @samp{-x} is equivalent to specifying all of
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@samp{-f -a -h -r -t}.
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@samp{-a -f -h -r -t}.
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@end table
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@node ranlib, size, objdump, Top
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@chapter ranlib
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@kindex ranlib
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@cindex archive contents
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@cindex symbol index
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@smallexample
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ranlib @var{archive}
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@end smallexample
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@ -499,35 +564,12 @@ The GNU @code{ranlib} program is another form of GNU @code{ar}; running
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@code{ranlib} is completely equivalent to executing @samp{ar -s}.
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@xref{ar}.
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@ignore
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@c FIXME vintage ranlib had options [ -t | +touch ] [ -v | +verbose ]
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@c which are gone here. Good or evil?
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||||
@code{ranlib}'s options make it report on what it's doing and fake an
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update of a particular archive's index.
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|
||||
Any command-line options must precede the archive name.
|
||||
|
||||
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
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equivalent.
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||||
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||||
@table @code
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||||
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||||
@item -t | +touch
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||||
You can use the ``touch'' option to fake an update of the index
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table in archives; @code{ranlib} will first set the current date for the
|
||||
index object module in the archive (to make it appear to have changed).
|
||||
|
||||
@item -v | +verbose
|
||||
Use this option if you'd like informational messages about what
|
||||
@code{ranlib} is up to, while it loops through the specified archives.
|
||||
|
||||
@end table
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||||
@end ignore
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||||
|
||||
@node size, strip, ranlib, Top
|
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@chapter size
|
||||
|
||||
@kindex size
|
||||
@cindex section sizes
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
size [ -A | -B | +format @var{compatibility} ]
|
||||
[ +help ] [ -d | -o | -x | +radix @var{number} ]
|
||||
|
|
@ -548,6 +590,7 @@ The object files to be examined.
|
|||
@item -A
|
||||
@itemx -B
|
||||
@itemx +format @var{compatibility}
|
||||
@cindex size display format
|
||||
Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from GNU
|
||||
@code{size} resembles output from System V @code{size} (using @samp{-A},
|
||||
or @samp{+format sysv}, or Berkeley @code{size} (using @samp{-B}, or
|
||||
|
|
@ -594,6 +637,8 @@ Show a summary of acceptable arguments and options.
|
|||
@itemx -o
|
||||
@itemx -x
|
||||
@itemx +radix @var{number}
|
||||
@cindex size number format
|
||||
@cindex radix for section sizes
|
||||
Using one of these options, you can control whether the size of each
|
||||
section is given in decimal (@samp{-d}, or @samp{+radix 10}); octal
|
||||
(@samp{-o}, or @samp{+radix 8}); or hexadecimal (@samp{-x}, or
|
||||
|
|
@ -603,6 +648,7 @@ radices; decimal and hexadecimal for @samp{-d} or @samp{-x} output, or
|
|||
octal and hexadecimal if you're using @samp{-o}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item +target @var{bfdname}
|
||||
@cindex object code format
|
||||
You can specify a particular object-code format for @var{objfiles} as
|
||||
@var{bfdname}. This may not be necessary; @var{size} can
|
||||
automatically recognize many formats. @xref{objdump}, for information
|
||||
|
|
@ -614,9 +660,13 @@ Display version number information on @code{size} itself.
|
|||
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node strip, , size, Top
|
||||
@node strip, Index, size, Top
|
||||
@chapter strip
|
||||
|
||||
@kindex strip
|
||||
@cindex removing symbols
|
||||
@cindex discarding symbols
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
strip [ -s | +strip-all ] [ -g | -S | +strip-debug ]
|
||||
[ -x | +discard-all ] [ -X | +discard-locals ]
|
||||
|
|
@ -641,15 +691,18 @@ equivalent.
|
|||
@table @code
|
||||
@item -s
|
||||
@itemx +strip-all
|
||||
@cindex all symbols, discarding
|
||||
This is the default case: strip all symbol entries from @var{objfiles}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -g
|
||||
@itemx -S
|
||||
@itemx +strip-debug
|
||||
@cindex debugging symbols, discarding
|
||||
Discard only debugging symbol information from @var{objfiles}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -x
|
||||
@itemx +discard-all
|
||||
@cindex local symbols, discarding
|
||||
Discard all symbols local to each file in @var{objfiles}.
|
||||
@emph{WARNING:} Note that @code{+discard-all} discards only @emph{local}
|
||||
symbols, in spite of its name.
|
||||
|
|
@ -661,11 +714,17 @@ Discard local symbols starting with @samp{L} from each file in
|
|||
begin with @samp{L}.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item -T @var{bfdname}
|
||||
@cindex object code format
|
||||
You can specify a particular object-code format @var{bfdname} for
|
||||
@var{objfiles}. This may not be necessary; @var{strip} can automatically
|
||||
recognize many formats. @xref{objdump}, for information on listing
|
||||
available formats.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node Index, , strip, Top
|
||||
@unnumbered Index
|
||||
|
||||
@printindex cp
|
||||
|
||||
@contents
|
||||
@bye
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue