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Applied Bob Wilson's documentation fixes.

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Nick Clifton 2003-02-21 10:35:07 +00:00
parent 947ed062ce
commit c125362777
3 changed files with 534 additions and 438 deletions
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gas/ChangeLog
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@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
2003-02-21 Bob Wilson <bob.wilson@acm.org>
* doc/as.texinfo: Define new COFF-ELF variable to conditionalize text
relevant to both COFF and ELF. Fix obvious typos and texinfo bugs.
Capitalize section headings consistently. Format index entries more
consistently. Unconditionalize text about whether text and data
sections are alterable. Use @ifnottex for alternatives to @tex output
so that HTML works. Clean up COFF vs. ELF descriptions of .section,
.size and .type directives. Be more polite about bad bug reports.
Move FDL into a separate file.
* doc/fdl.texi: New file.
2003-02-21 Richard Sandiford <rsandifo@redhat.com>
* config/tc-mips.c (prev_reloc_op_frag): New variable.

593
gas/doc/as.texinfo
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@ -62,6 +62,12 @@
@end ifset
@c man end
@c common OR combinations of conditions
@ifset COFF
@set COFF-ELF
@end ifset
@ifset ELF
@set COFF-ELF
@end ifset
@ifset AOUT
@set aout-bout
@end ifset
@ -139,7 +145,7 @@ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@c man end
@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002 Fr
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@end titlepage
@ -209,7 +215,7 @@ code for @value{TARGET} architectures.
This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@menu
* Overview:: Overview
@ -501,7 +507,7 @@ may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.
@item --gdwarf2
Generate DWARF2 debugging information for each assembler line. This
may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it. Note - this
may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it. Note---this
option is only supported by some targets, not all of them.
@item --help
@ -1185,7 +1191,7 @@ are typically different in different file formats. @xref{Symbol
Attributes,,Symbol Attributes}.
@ifclear GENERIC
@ifclear MULTI-OBJ
On the @value{TARGET}, @command{@value{AS}} is configured to produce
For the @value{TARGET} target, @command{@value{AS}} is configured to produce
@value{OBJ-NAME} format object files.
@end ifclear
@c The following should exhaust all configs that set MULTI-OBJ, ideally
@ -1388,7 +1394,7 @@ because many of them aren't supposed to happen.
This chapter describes command-line options available in @emph{all}
versions of the @sc{gnu} assembler; @pxref{Machine Dependencies}, for options specific
@ifclear GENERIC
to the @value{TARGET}.
to the @value{TARGET} target.
@end ifclear
@ifset GENERIC
to particular machine architectures.
@ -1396,7 +1402,7 @@ to particular machine architectures.
@c man begin DESCRIPTION
If you are invoking @command{@value{AS}} via the @sc{gnu} C compiler (version 2),
If you are invoking @command{@value{AS}} via the @sc{gnu} C compiler,
you can use the @samp{-Wa} option to pass arguments through to the assembler.
The assembler arguments must be separated from each other (and the @samp{-Wa})
by commas. For example:
@ -1519,7 +1525,7 @@ not work correctly.
@end quotation
@node I
@section @code{.include} search path: @option{-I} @var{path}
@section @code{.include} Search Path: @option{-I} @var{path}
@kindex -I @var{path}
@cindex paths for @code{.include}
@ -1748,7 +1754,7 @@ The i960 @code{.setreal} pseudo-op is not supported.
@end itemize
@node MD
@section Dependency tracking: @option{--MD}
@section Dependency Tracking: @option{--MD}
@kindex --MD
@cindex dependency tracking
@ -1812,8 +1818,8 @@ address displacements (because we do not have to cross between text and
data section). We refrain from doing this simply for compatibility with
older versions of @command{@value{AS}}. In future, @option{-R} may work this way.
@ifset COFF
When @command{@value{AS}} is configured for COFF output,
@ifset COFF-ELF
When @command{@value{AS}} is configured for COFF or ELF output,
this option is only useful if you use sections named @samp{.text} and
@samp{.data}.
@end ifset
@ -1836,7 +1842,7 @@ Use @samp{--statistics} to display two statistics about the resources used by
seconds).
@node traditional-format
@section Compatible output: @option{--traditional-format}
@section Compatible Output: @option{--traditional-format}
@kindex --traditional-format
For some targets, the output of @command{@value{AS}} is different in some ways
@ -1865,8 +1871,8 @@ assembling compiler output. But programs written by people often
cause @command{@value{AS}} to give a warning that a particular assumption was
made. All such warnings are directed to the standard error file.
@kindex @samp{-W}
@kindex @samp{--no-warn}
@kindex -W
@kindex --no-warn
@cindex suppressing warnings
@cindex warnings, suppressing
If you use the @option{-W} and @option{--no-warn} options, no warnings are issued.
@ -1874,13 +1880,13 @@ This only affects the warning messages: it does not change any particular of
how @command{@value{AS}} assembles your file. Errors, which stop the assembly,
are still reported.
@kindex @samp{--fatal-warnings}
@kindex --fatal-warnings
@cindex errors, caused by warnings
@cindex warnings, causing error
If you use the @option{--fatal-warnings} option, @command{@value{AS}} considers
files that generate warnings to be in error.
@kindex @samp{--warn}
@kindex --warn
@cindex warnings, switching on
You can switch these options off again by specifying @option{--warn}, which
causes warnings to be output as usual.
@ -1946,7 +1952,7 @@ It does not do macro processing, include file handling, or
anything else you may get from your C compiler's preprocessor. You can
do include file processing with the @code{.include} directive
(@pxref{Include,,@code{.include}}). You can use the @sc{gnu} C compiler driver
to get other ``CPP'' style preprocessing, by giving the input file a
to get other ``CPP'' style preprocessing by giving the input file a
@samp{.S} suffix. @xref{Overall Options,, Options Controlling the Kind of
Output, gcc.info, Using GNU CC}.
@ -2634,9 +2640,9 @@ An object file written by @command{@value{AS}} has at least three sections, any
of which may be empty. These are named @dfn{text}, @dfn{data} and
@dfn{bss} sections.
@ifset COFF
@ifset COFF-ELF
@ifset GENERIC
When it generates COFF output,
When it generates COFF or ELF output,
@end ifset
@command{@value{AS}} can also generate whatever other named sections you specify
using the @samp{.section} directive (@pxref{Section,,@code{.section}}).
@ -2742,7 +2748,7 @@ use of @command{@value{AS}} and have no meaning except during assembly.
@table @strong
@ifset COFF
@ifset COFF-ELF
@cindex named sections
@cindex sections, named
@item named sections
@ -2755,15 +2761,15 @@ use of @command{@value{AS}} and have no meaning except during assembly.
@end ifset
These sections hold your program. @command{@value{AS}} and @code{@value{LD}} treat them as
separate but equal sections. Anything you can say of one section is
true another.
@ifset aout-bout
true of another.
@c @ifset aout-bout
When the program is running, however, it is
customary for the text section to be unalterable. The
text section is often shared among processes: it contains
instructions, constants and the like. The data section of a running
program is usually alterable: for example, C variables would be stored
in the data section.
@end ifset
@c @end ifset
@cindex bss section
@item bss section
@ -2790,13 +2796,13 @@ the preceding sections.
@cindex relocation example
An idealized example of three relocatable sections follows.
@ifset COFF
@ifset COFF-ELF
The example uses the traditional section names @samp{.text} and @samp{.data}.
@end ifset
Memory addresses are on the horizontal axis.
@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
@ifinfo
@ifnottex
@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
@smallexample
+-----+----+--+
@ -2817,10 +2823,10 @@ linked program: | |TTT|ttttt| |dddd|DDD|00000|
addresses: 0 @dots{}
@end smallexample
@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL
@end ifinfo
@end ifnottex
@need 5000
@tex
\bigskip
\line{\it Partial program \#1: \hfil}
\line{\ibox{2.5cm}{\tt text}\ibox{2cm}{\tt data}\ibox{1cm}{\tt bss}\hfil}
\line{\boxit{2.5cm}{\tt ttttt}\boxit{2cm}{\tt dddd}\boxit{1cm}{\tt 00}\hfil}
@ -2878,7 +2884,7 @@ it in the expr section.
@cindex grouping data
@ifset aout-bout
Assembled bytes
@ifset COFF
@ifset COFF-ELF
conventionally
@end ifset
fall into two sections: text and data.
@ -2944,9 +2950,9 @@ data subsections as a data section.
To specify which subsection you want subsequent statements assembled
into, use a numeric argument to specify it, in a @samp{.text
@var{expression}} or a @samp{.data @var{expression}} statement.
@ifset COFF
@ifset COFF-ELF
@ifset GENERIC
When generating COFF output, you
When generating COFF or ELF output, you
@end ifset
@ifclear GENERIC
You
@ -3727,13 +3733,18 @@ Some machine configurations provide additional directives.
* Sbttl:: @code{.sbttl "@var{subheading}"}
@ifset COFF
* Scl:: @code{.scl @var{class}}
* Section:: @code{.section @var{name}, @var{subsection}}
@end ifset
@ifset COFF-ELF
* Section:: @code{.section @var{name}}
@end ifset
* Set:: @code{.set @var{symbol}, @var{expression}}
* Short:: @code{.short @var{expressions}}
* Single:: @code{.single @var{flonums}}
@ifset COFF-ELF
* Size:: @code{.size [@var{name} , @var{expression}]}
@end ifset
* Skip:: @code{.skip @var{size} , @var{fill}}
* Sleb128:: @code{.sleb128 @var{expressions}}
* Space:: @code{.space @var{size} , @var{fill}}
@ -3754,7 +3765,10 @@ Some machine configurations provide additional directives.
* Text:: @code{.text @var{subsection}}
* Title:: @code{.title "@var{heading}"}
@ifset COFF-ELF
* Type:: @code{.type <@var{int} | @var{name} , @var{type description}>}
@end ifset
* Uleb128:: @code{.uleb128 @var{expressions}}
@ifset COFF
* Val:: @code{.val @var{addr}}
@ -4230,8 +4244,8 @@ partial programs. You may need the HPPA-only @code{.EXPORT} directive as well.
@node Hidden
@section @code{.hidden @var{names}}
@cindex @code{.hidden} directive
@cindex Visibility
@cindex @code{hidden} directive
@cindex visibility
This one of the ELF visibility directives. The other two are
@code{.internal} (@pxref{Internal,,@code{.internal}}) and
@code{.protected} (@pxref{Protected,,@code{.protected}}).
@ -4406,8 +4420,8 @@ integers. On the H8/300H and the Hitachi SH, however, @code{.int} emits
@node Internal
@section @code{.internal @var{names}}
@cindex @code{.internal} directive
@cindex Visibility
@cindex @code{internal} directive
@cindex visibility
This one of the ELF visibility directives. The other two are
@code{.hidden} (@pxref{Hidden,,@code{.hidden}}) and
@code{.protected} (@pxref{Protected,,@code{.protected}}).
@ -4415,7 +4429,7 @@ This one of the ELF visibility directives. The other two are
This directive overrides the named symbols default visibility (which is set by
their binding: local, global or weak). The directive sets the visibility to
@code{internal} which means that the symbols are considered to be @code{hidden}
(ie not visible to other components), and that some extra, processor specific
(i.e., not visible to other components), and that some extra, processor specific
processing must also be performed upon the symbols as well.
@end ifset
@ -4850,7 +4864,7 @@ undefined.
@node Previous
@section @code{.previous}
@cindex @code{.previous} directive
@cindex @code{previous} directive
@cindex Section Stack
This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
@ -4870,7 +4884,7 @@ the top section on the section stack.
@node PopSection
@section @code{.popsection}
@cindex @code{.popsection} directive
@cindex @code{popsection} directive
@cindex Section Stack
This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
@ -4893,8 +4907,8 @@ assembly. You must put @var{string} in double quotes.
@node Protected
@section @code{.protected @var{names}}
@cindex @code{.protected} directive
@cindex Visibility
@cindex @code{protected} directive
@cindex visibility
This one of the ELF visibility directives. The other two are
@code{.hidden} (@pxref{Hidden}) and @code{.internal} (@pxref{Internal}).
@ -4937,7 +4951,7 @@ expanded. @xref{Macro}.
@node PushSection
@section @code{.pushsection @var{name} , @var{subsection}}
@cindex @code{.pushsection} directive
@cindex @code{pushsection} directive
@cindex Section Stack
This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}),
@ -5025,10 +5039,10 @@ accepts this directive but ignores it.
@end ifset
@end ifset
@ifset COFF-ELF
@node Section
@section @code{.section @var{name}} (COFF version)
@section @code{.section @var{name}}
@cindex @code{section} directive
@cindex named section
Use the @code{.section} directive to assemble the following code into a section
named @var{name}.
@ -5037,6 +5051,13 @@ This directive is only supported for targets that actually support arbitrarily
named sections; on @code{a.out} targets, for example, it is not accepted, even
with a standard @code{a.out} section name.
@ifset COFF
@ifset ELF
@c only print the extra heading if both COFF and ELF are set
@subheading COFF Version
@end ifset
@cindex @code{section} directive (COFF version)
For COFF targets, the @code{.section} directive is used in one of the following
ways:
@ -5074,20 +5095,21 @@ will be as if no flags had been specified at all.
If the optional argument to the @code{.section} directive is not quoted, it is
taken as a subsegment number (@pxref{Sub-Sections}).
@end ifset
@section @code{.section @var{name}} (ELF version)
@cindex @code{section} directive
@cindex named section
@ifset ELF
@ifset COFF
@c only print the extra heading if both COFF and ELF are set
@subheading ELF Version
@end ifset
@cindex Section Stack
This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
@code{.subsection} (@pxref{SubSection}), @code{.pushsection}
(@pxref{PushSection}), @code{.popsection} (@pxref{PopSection}), and
@code{.previous} (@pxref{Previous}).
@end ifset
@cindex @code{section} directive (ELF version)
For ELF targets, the @code{.section} directive is used like this:
@smallexample
@ -5155,6 +5177,8 @@ This directive replaces the current section and subsection. The replaced
section and subsection are pushed onto the section stack. See the contents of
the gas testsuite directory @code{gas/testsuite/gas/elf} for some examples of
how this directive and the other section stack directives work.
@end ifset
@end ifset
@node Set
@section @code{.set @var{symbol}, @var{expression}}
@ -5215,27 +5239,52 @@ numbers in @sc{ieee} format.
@end ifset
@end ifclear
@ifset COFF-ELF
@node Size
@section @code{.size} (COFF version)
@section @code{.size}
@cindex @code{size} directive
This directive is generated by compilers to include auxiliary debugging
information in the symbol table. It is only permitted inside
@code{.def}/@code{.endef} pairs.
This directive is used to set the size associated with a symbol.
@ifset COFF
@ifset ELF
@c only print the extra heading if both COFF and ELF are set
@subheading COFF Version
@end ifset
@cindex @code{size} directive (COFF version)
For COFF targets, the @code{.size} directive is only permitted inside
@code{.def}/@code{.endef} pairs. It is used like this:
@smallexample
.size @var{expression}
@end smallexample
@ifset BOUT
@samp{.size} is only meaningful when generating COFF format output; when
@command{@value{AS}} is generating @code{b.out}, it accepts this directive but
ignores it.
@end ifset
@end ifset
@section @code{.size @var{name} , @var{expression}} (ELF version)
@cindex @code{size} directive
@ifset ELF
@ifset COFF
@c only print the extra heading if both COFF and ELF are set
@subheading ELF Version
@end ifset
This directive is used to set the size associated with a symbol @var{name}.
@cindex @code{size} directive (ELF version)
For ELF targets, the @code{.size} directive is used like this:
@smallexample
.size @var{name} , @var{expression}
@end smallexample
This directive sets the size associated with a symbol @var{name}.
The size in bytes is computed from @var{expression} which can make use of label
arithmetic. This directive is typically used to set the size of function
symbols.
@end ifset
@end ifset
@node Sleb128
@section @code{.sleb128 @var{expressions}}
@ -5393,7 +5442,7 @@ before further assembly.
@node SubSection
@section @code{.subsection @var{name}}
@cindex @code{.subsection} directive
@cindex @code{subsection} directive
@cindex Section Stack
This is one of the ELF section stack manipulation directives. The others are
@code{.section} (@pxref{Section}), @code{.pushsection} (@pxref{PushSection}),
@ -5500,27 +5549,54 @@ source file name and pagenumber) when generating assembly listings.
This directive affects subsequent pages, as well as the current page if
it appears within ten lines of the top of a page.
@ifset COFF-ELF
@node Type
@section @code{.type @var{int}} (COFF version)
@section @code{.type}
This directive is used to set the type of a symbol.
@ifset COFF
@ifset ELF
@c only print the extra heading if both COFF and ELF are set
@subheading COFF Version
@end ifset
@cindex COFF symbol type
@cindex symbol type, COFF
@cindex @code{type} directive
This directive, permitted only within @code{.def}/@code{.endef} pairs,
records the integer @var{int} as the type attribute of a symbol table entry.
@cindex @code{type} directive (COFF version)
For COFF targets, this directive is permitted only within
@code{.def}/@code{.endef} pairs. It is used like this:
@smallexample
.type @var{int}
@end smallexample
This records the integer @var{int} as the type attribute of a symbol table
entry.
@ifset BOUT
@samp{.type} is associated only with COFF format output; when
@command{@value{AS}} is configured for @code{b.out} output, it accepts this
directive but ignores it.
@end ifset
@end ifset
@section @code{.type @var{name} , @var{type description}} (ELF version)
@ifset ELF
@ifset COFF
@c only print the extra heading if both COFF and ELF are set
@subheading ELF Version
@end ifset
@cindex ELF symbol type
@cindex symbol type, ELF
@cindex @code{type} directive
This directive is used to set the type of symbol @var{name} to be either a
@cindex @code{type} directive (ELF version)
For ELF targets, the @code{.type} directive is used like this:
@smallexample
.type @var{name} , @var{type description}
@end smallexample
This sets the type of symbol @var{name} to be either a
function symbol or an object symbol. There are five different syntaxes
supported for the @var{type description} field, in order to provide
compatibility with various other assemblers. The syntaxes supported are:
@ -5541,6 +5617,8 @@ compatibility with various other assemblers. The syntaxes supported are:
.type <name> STT_FUNCTION
.type <name> STT_OBJECT
@end smallexample
@end ifset
@end ifset
@node Uleb128
@section @code{.uleb128 @var{expressions}}
@ -5571,7 +5649,7 @@ configured for @code{b.out}, it accepts this directive but ignores it.
@node Version
@section @code{.version "@var{string}"}
@cindex @code{.version}
@cindex @code{version} directive
This directive creates a @code{.note} section and places into it an ELF
formatted note of type NT_VERSION. The note's name is set to @code{string}.
@end ifset
@ -5580,14 +5658,14 @@ formatted note of type NT_VERSION. The note's name is set to @code{string}.
@node VTableEntry
@section @code{.vtable_entry @var{table}, @var{offset}}
@cindex @code{.vtable_entry}
@cindex @code{vtable_entry}
This directive finds or creates a symbol @code{table} and creates a
@code{VTABLE_ENTRY} relocation for it with an addend of @code{offset}.
@node VTableInherit
@section @code{.vtable_inherit @var{child}, @var{parent}}
@cindex @code{.vtable_inherit}
@cindex @code{vtable_inherit}
This directive finds the symbol @code{child} and finds or creates the symbol
@code{parent} and then creates a @code{VTABLE_INHERIT} relocation for the
parent whose addend is the value of the child symbol. As a special case the
@ -5598,7 +5676,7 @@ parent name of @code{0} is treated as refering the @code{*ABS*} section.
@node Weak
@section @code{.weak @var{names}}
@cindex @code{.weak}
@cindex @code{weak} directive
This directive sets the weak attribute on the comma separated list of symbol
@code{names}. If the symbols do not already exist, they will be created.
@end ifset
@ -5984,7 +6062,7 @@ information that enables us to fix the bug.
@end menu
@node Bug Criteria
@section Have you found a bug?
@section Have You Found a Bug?
@cindex bug criteria
If you are not sure whether you have found a bug, here are some guidelines:
@ -6013,7 +6091,7 @@ of @command{@value{AS}} are welcome in any case.
@end itemize
@node Bug Reporting
@section How to report bugs
@section How to Report Bugs
@cindex bug reports
@cindex assembler bugs, reporting
@ -6047,9 +6125,9 @@ it is new to us. Therefore, always write your bug reports on the assumption
that the bug has not been reported previously.
Sometimes people give a few sketchy facts and ask, ``Does this ring a
bell?'' Those bug reports are useless, and we urge everyone to
@emph{refuse to respond to them} except to chide the sender to report
bugs properly.
bell?'' This cannot help us fix a bug, so it is basically useless. We
respond by asking for enough details to enable us to investigate.
You might as well expedite matters by sending them to begin with.
To enable us to fix the bug, you should include all these things:
@ -6219,7 +6297,7 @@ targets.
John Gilmore built the AMD 29000 support, added @code{.include} support, and
simplified the configuration of which versions accept which directives. He
updated the 68k machine description so that Motorola's opcodes always produced
fixed-size instructions (e.g. @code{jsr}), while synthetic instructions
fixed-size instructions (e.g., @code{jsr}), while synthetic instructions
remained shrinkable (@code{jbsr}). John fixed many bugs, including true tested
cross-compilation support, and one bug in relaxation that took a week and
required the proverbial one-bit fix.
@ -6244,7 +6322,7 @@ Jeff Law at the University of Utah (HPPA mainly), Michael Meissner of the Open
Software Foundation (i386 mainly), and Ken Raeburn of Cygnus Support (sparc,
and some initial 64-bit support).
Linas Vepstas added GAS support for the ESA/390 "IBM 370" architecture.
Linas Vepstas added GAS support for the ESA/390 ``IBM 370'' architecture.
Richard Henderson rewrote the Alpha assembler. Klaus Kaempf wrote GAS and BFD
support for openVMS/Alpha.
@ -6260,368 +6338,7 @@ you have contributed significant work and are not mentioned on this list, and
want to be, let us know. Some of the history has been lost; we are not
intentionally leaving anyone out.
@node GNU Free Documentation License
@chapter GNU Free Documentation License
GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
addressed as "you".
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the
original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original English version of this
License, the original English version will prevail.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
@smallexample
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
@end smallexample
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
@include fdl.texi
@node Index
@unnumbered Index

367
gas/doc/fdl.texi Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
@c -*-texinfo-*-
@node GNU Free Documentation License
@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
@center Version 1.1, March 2000
@display
Copyright (C) 2000, Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@end display
@sp 1
@enumerate 0
@item
PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
@sp 1
@item
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. The ``Document'', below, refers to any
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
addressed as ``you.''
A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.
The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.
A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.''
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
purposes only.
The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
@sp 1
@item
VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
@sp 1
@item
COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
@sp 1
@item
MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@*
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).@*
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.@*
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@*
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.@*
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@*
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@*
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@*
I. Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to
it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.@*
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@*
K. In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
and/or dedications given therein.@*
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@*
M. Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements.'' Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.@*
N. Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@*
@sp 1
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
@sp 1
@item
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
and any sections entitled ``Dedications.'' You must delete all sections
entitled ``Endorsements.''
@sp 1
@item
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
@sp 1
@item
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
compilation. Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
@sp 1
@item
TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the
original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original English version of this
License, the original English version will prevail.
@sp 1
@item
TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
@sp 1
@item
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
@end enumerate
@unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
@smallexample
@group
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the
Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License."
@end group
@end smallexample
If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections''
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of
``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.