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gas/doc/as.1
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gas/doc/as.1
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation
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.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
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.TH as 1 "21 January 1992" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
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.SH NAME
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GNU as\-\-the portable GNU assembler.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.na
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.B as
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.RB "[\|" \-a "\||\|" \-al "\||\|" -as\c
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" \-D "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-f "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-I
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.I path\c
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" \-k "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-L "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-o
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.I objfile\c
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" \-R "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-v "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-w "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\^\- "\ |\ " \c
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.I files\c
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\&\|.\|.\|.\|]
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.I i960-only options:
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.br
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.RB "[\|" \-ACA "\||\|" \-ACA_A "\||\|" \-ACB\c
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.RB "\||\|" \-ACC "\||\|" \-AKA "\||\|" \-AKB\c
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.RB "\||\|" \-AKC "\||\|" \-AMC "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-b "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-norelax "\|]"
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.I m680x0-only options:
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.br
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.RB "[\|" \-l "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-mc68000 "\||\|" \-mc68010 "\||\|" \-mc68020 "\|]"
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.ad b
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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GNU \c
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.B as\c
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\& is really a family of assemblers.
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If you use (or have used) the GNU assembler on one architecture, you
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should find a fairly similar environment when you use it on another
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architecture. Each version has much in common with the others,
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including object file formats, most assembler directives (often called
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\c
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.I pseudo-ops)\c
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\& and assembler syntax.
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For information on the syntax and pseudo-ops used by GNU \c
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.B as\c
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\&, see `\|\c
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.B as\c
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\|' entry in \c
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.B info \c
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(or the manual \c
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.I
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.I
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Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
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\&).
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\c
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.B as\c
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\& is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C
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compiler \c
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.B gcc\c
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\& for use by the linker \c
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.B ld\c
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\&. Nevertheless,
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we've tried to make \c
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.B as\c
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\& assemble correctly everything that the native
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assembler would.
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This doesn't mean \c
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.B as\c
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\& always uses the same syntax as another
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assembler for the same architecture; for example, we know of several
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incompatible versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.
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Each time you run \c
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.B as\c
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\& it assembles exactly one source
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program. The source program is made up of one or more files.
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(The standard input is also a file.)
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If \c
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.B as\c
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\& is given no file names it attempts to read one input file
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from the \c
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.B as\c
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\& standard input, which is normally your terminal. You
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may have to type \c
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.B ctl-D\c
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\& to tell \c
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.B as\c
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\& there is no more program
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to assemble. Use `\|\c
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.B \-\^\-\c
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\|' if you need to explicitly name the standard input file
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in your command line.
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.B as\c
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\& may write warnings and error messages to the standard error
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file (usually your terminal). This should not happen when \c
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.B as\c
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\& is
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run automatically by a compiler. Warnings report an assumption made so
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that \c
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.B as\c
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\& could keep assembling a flawed program; errors report a
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grave problem that stops the assembly.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BR \-a \||\| \-al \||\| \-as
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Turn on assembly listings; `\|\c
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.B \-al\c
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\&\|', listing only, `\|\c
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.B \-as\c
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\&\|', symbols
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only, `\|\c
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.B \-a\c
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\&\|', everything.
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.TP
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.B \-D
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This option is accepted only for script compatibility with calls to
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other assemblers; it has no effect on \c
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.B as\c
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\&.
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.TP
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.B \-f
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``fast''--skip preprocessing (assume source is compiler output).
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.TP
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.BI "\-I\ " path
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Add
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.I path
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to the search list for
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.B .include
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directives.
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.TP
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.B \-k
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Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements.
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.TP
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.B \-L
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Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with `\|\c
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.B L\c
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\|'
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.TP
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.BI "\-o\ " objfile
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Name the object-file output from \c
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.B as
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.TP
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.B \-R
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Fold data section into text section
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.TP
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.B \-v
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Announce \c
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.B as\c
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\& version
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.TP
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.B \-W
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Suppress warning messages
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.TP
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.IR "\-\^\-" "\ |\ " "files\|.\|.\|."
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Source files to assemble, or standard input (\c
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.BR "\-\^\-" ")"
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.TP
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.BI \-A var
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.I
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(When configured for Intel 960.)
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Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.
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.TP
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.B \-b
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.I
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(When configured for Intel 960.)
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Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.
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.TP
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.B \-norelax
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.I
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(When configured for Intel 960.)
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Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements;
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error if necessary.
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.TP
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.B \-l
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.I
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(When configured for Motorola 68000).
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.br
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Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two.
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.TP
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.BR "\-mc68000" "\||\|" "\-mc68010" "\||\|" "\-mc68020"
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.I
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(When configured for Motorola 68000).
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.br
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Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target (default 68020)
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.PP
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Options may be in any order, and may be
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before, after, or between file names. The order of file names is
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significant.
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`\|\c
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.B \-\^\-\c
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\|' (two hyphens) by itself names the standard input file
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explicitly, as one of the files for \c
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.B as\c
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\& to assemble.
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Except for `\|\c
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.B \-\^\-\c
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\|' any command line argument that begins with a
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hyphen (`\|\c
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.B \-\c
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\|') is an option. Each option changes the behavior of
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\c
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.B as\c
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\&. No option changes the way another option works. An
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option is a `\|\c
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.B \-\c
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\|' followed by one or more letters; the case of
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the letter is important. All options are optional.
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The `\|\c
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.B \-o\c
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\|' option expects exactly one file name to follow. The file
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name may either immediately follow the option's letter (compatible
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with older assemblers) or it may be the next command argument (GNU
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standard).
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These two command lines are equivalent:
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.br
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.B
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as\ \ \-o\ \ my\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
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.br
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.B
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as\ \ \-omy\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.RB "`\|" as "\|'"
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entry in
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.B
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info\c
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\&;
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.I
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Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
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\&;
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.BR gcc "(" 1 "),"
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.BR ld "(" 1 ")."
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.SH COPYING
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Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.PP
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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are preserved on all copies.
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.PP
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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permission notice identical to this one.
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.PP
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
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versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
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translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
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the original English.
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