471 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
471 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation
|
|
.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
|
|
.TH ar 1 "5 November 1991" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
|
|
.de BP
|
|
.sp
|
|
.ti \-.2i
|
|
\(**
|
|
..
|
|
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
ar\(em\&create, modify, and extract from archives.
|
|
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.hy 0
|
|
.na
|
|
.BR ar " [\|" "-" "\|]"\c
|
|
.I pmod \c
|
|
[\|\c
|
|
.I membername\c
|
|
\&\|] \c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\& \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\&.\|.\|.
|
|
|
|
.ad b
|
|
.hy 1
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
The GNU \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& program creates, modifies, and extracts from
|
|
archives. An \c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\& is a single file holding a collection of
|
|
other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
|
|
the original individual files (called \c
|
|
.I members\c
|
|
\& of the archive).
|
|
|
|
The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
|
|
group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on
|
|
extraction.
|
|
|
|
GNU \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& can maintain archives whose members have names of any
|
|
length; however, depending on how \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& is configured on your
|
|
system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility
|
|
with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the
|
|
limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
|
|
characters (typical of formats related to coff).
|
|
|
|
\c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
|
|
are most often used as \c
|
|
.I libraries\c
|
|
\& holding commonly needed
|
|
subroutines.
|
|
|
|
\c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
|
|
object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier `\|\c
|
|
.B s\c
|
|
\|'.
|
|
Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\&
|
|
makes a change to its contents (save for the `\|\c
|
|
.B q\c
|
|
\|' update operation).
|
|
An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
|
|
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
|
|
their placement in the archive.
|
|
|
|
You may use `\|\c
|
|
.B nm \-s\c
|
|
\|' or `\|\c
|
|
.B nm +print-armap\c
|
|
\|' to list this index
|
|
table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& called
|
|
\c
|
|
.B ranlib\c
|
|
\& can be used to add just the table.
|
|
|
|
\c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& insists on at least two arguments to execute: one
|
|
keyletter specifying the \c
|
|
.I operation\c
|
|
\& (optionally accompanied by other
|
|
keyletters specifying \c
|
|
.I modifiers\c
|
|
\&), and the archive name to act on.
|
|
|
|
Most operations can also accept further \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\& arguments,
|
|
specifying particular files to operate on.
|
|
|
|
.SH OPTIONS
|
|
GNU \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& allows you to mix the operation code \c
|
|
.I p\c
|
|
\& and modifier
|
|
flags \c
|
|
.I mod\c
|
|
\& in any order, within the first command-line argument.
|
|
|
|
If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
|
|
dash.
|
|
|
|
The \c
|
|
.I p\c
|
|
\& keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
|
|
any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B d
|
|
\c
|
|
.I Delete\c
|
|
\& modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
|
|
be deleted as \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\&; the archive is untouched if you
|
|
specify no files to delete.
|
|
|
|
If you specify the `\|\c
|
|
.B v\c
|
|
\|' modifier, \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& will list each module
|
|
as it is deleted.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B m
|
|
Use this operation to \c
|
|
.I move\c
|
|
\& members in an archive.
|
|
|
|
The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
|
|
programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
|
|
than one member.
|
|
|
|
If no modifiers are used with \c
|
|
.B m\c
|
|
\&, any members you name in the
|
|
\c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\& arguments are moved to the \c
|
|
.I end\c
|
|
\& of the archive;
|
|
you can use the `\|\c
|
|
.B a\c
|
|
\|', `\|\c
|
|
.B b\c
|
|
\|', or `\|\c
|
|
.B i\c
|
|
\|' modifiers to move them to a
|
|
specified place instead.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B p
|
|
\c
|
|
.I Print\c
|
|
\& the specified members of the archive, to the standard
|
|
output file. If the `\|\c
|
|
.B v\c
|
|
\|' modifier is specified, show the member
|
|
name before copying its contents to standard output.
|
|
|
|
If you specify no \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\&, all the files in the archive are printed.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B q
|
|
\c
|
|
.I Quick append\c
|
|
\&; add \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\& to the end of \c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\&,
|
|
without checking for replacement.
|
|
|
|
The modifiers `\|\c
|
|
.B a\c
|
|
\|', `\|\c
|
|
.B b\c
|
|
\|', and `\|\c
|
|
.B i\c
|
|
\|' do \c
|
|
.I not\c
|
|
\& affect this
|
|
operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
|
|
|
|
The modifier `\|\c
|
|
.B v\c
|
|
\|' makes \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& list each file as it is appended.
|
|
|
|
Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
|
|
index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use `\|\c
|
|
.B ar s\c
|
|
\|' or
|
|
\c
|
|
.B ranlib\c
|
|
\& explicitly to update the symbol table index.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B r
|
|
Insert \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\& into \c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\& (with \c
|
|
.I replacement\c
|
|
\&). This
|
|
operation differs from `\|\c
|
|
.B q\c
|
|
\|' in that any previously existing members
|
|
are deleted if their names match those being added.
|
|
|
|
If one of the files named in \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\& doesn't exist, \c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\&
|
|
displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
|
|
of the archive matching that name.
|
|
|
|
By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
|
|
use one of the modifiers `\|\c
|
|
.B a\c
|
|
\|', `\|\c
|
|
.B b\c
|
|
\|', or `\|\c
|
|
.B i\c
|
|
\|' to request
|
|
placement relative to some existing member.
|
|
|
|
The modifier `\|\c
|
|
.B v\c
|
|
\|' used with this operation elicits a line of
|
|
output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters `\|\c
|
|
.B a\c
|
|
\|' or
|
|
`\|\c
|
|
.B r\c
|
|
\|' to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
|
|
deleted) or replaced.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B t
|
|
Display a \c
|
|
.I table\c
|
|
\& listing the contents of \c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\&, or those
|
|
of the files listed in \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\& that are present in the
|
|
archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
|
|
see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
|
|
request that by also specifying the `\|\c
|
|
.B v\c
|
|
\|' modifier.
|
|
|
|
If you do not specify any \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\&, all files in the archive
|
|
are listed.
|
|
|
|
If there is more than one file with the same name (say, `\|\c
|
|
.B fie\c
|
|
\|') in
|
|
an archive (say `\|\c
|
|
.B b.a\c
|
|
\|'), `\|\c
|
|
.B ar t b.a fie\c
|
|
\|' will list only the
|
|
first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
|
|
listing\(em\&in our example, `\|\c
|
|
.B ar t b.a\c
|
|
\|'.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B x
|
|
\c
|
|
.I Extract\c
|
|
\& members (named \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\&) from the archive. You can
|
|
use the `\|\c
|
|
.B v\c
|
|
\|' modifier with this operation, to request that
|
|
\c
|
|
.B ar\c
|
|
\& list each name as it extracts it.
|
|
|
|
If you do not specify any \c
|
|
.I files\c
|
|
\&, all files in the archive
|
|
are extracted.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
A number of modifiers (\c
|
|
.I mod\c
|
|
\&) may immediately follow the \c
|
|
.I p\c
|
|
\&
|
|
keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B a
|
|
Add new files \c
|
|
.I after\c
|
|
\& an existing member of the
|
|
archive. If you use the modifier \c
|
|
.B a\c
|
|
\&, the name of an existing archive
|
|
member must be present as the \c
|
|
.I membername\c
|
|
\& argument, before the
|
|
\c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\& specification.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B b
|
|
Add new files \c
|
|
.I before\c
|
|
\& an existing member of the
|
|
archive. If you use the modifier \c
|
|
.B b\c
|
|
\&, the name of an existing archive
|
|
member must be present as the \c
|
|
.I membername\c
|
|
\& argument, before the
|
|
\c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\& specification. (same as `\|\c
|
|
.B i\c
|
|
\|').
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B c
|
|
\c
|
|
.I Create\c
|
|
\& the archive. The specified \c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\& is always
|
|
created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
|
|
issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
|
|
using this modifier.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B i
|
|
Insert new files \c
|
|
.I before\c
|
|
\& an existing member of the
|
|
archive. If you use the modifier \c
|
|
.B i\c
|
|
\&, the name of an existing archive
|
|
member must be present as the \c
|
|
.I membername\c
|
|
\& argument, before the
|
|
\c
|
|
.I archive\c
|
|
\& specification. (same as `\|\c
|
|
.B b\c
|
|
\|').
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B l
|
|
This modifier is accepted but not used.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B o
|
|
Preserve the \c
|
|
.I original\c
|
|
\& dates of members when extracting them. If
|
|
you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
|
|
will be stamped with the time of extraction.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B s
|
|
Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
|
|
even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
|
|
flag either with any operation, or alone. Running `\|\c
|
|
.B ar s\c
|
|
\|' on an
|
|
archive is equivalent to running `\|\c
|
|
.B ranlib\c
|
|
\|' on it.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B u
|
|
Normally, \c
|
|
.B ar r\c
|
|
\&.\|.\|. inserts all files
|
|
listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \c
|
|
.I only\c
|
|
\& those
|
|
of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
|
|
names, use this modifier. The `\|\c
|
|
.B u\c
|
|
\|' modifier is allowed only for the
|
|
operation `\|\c
|
|
.B r\c
|
|
\|' (replace). In particular, the combination `\|\c
|
|
.B qu\c
|
|
\|' is
|
|
not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
|
|
advantage from the operation `\|\c
|
|
.B q\c
|
|
\|'.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B v
|
|
This modifier requests the \c
|
|
.I verbose\c
|
|
\& version of an operation. Many
|
|
operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
|
|
when the modifier `\|\c
|
|
.B v\c
|
|
\|' is appended.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.RB "`\|" binutils "\|'"
|
|
entry in
|
|
.B
|
|
info\c
|
|
\&;
|
|
.I
|
|
The GNU Binary Utilities\c
|
|
, Roland H. Pesch (October 1991).
|
|
.BR nm ( 1 )\c
|
|
\&,
|
|
.BR ranlib( 1 )\c
|
|
\&.
|
|
|
|
.SH COPYING
|
|
Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
|
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
|
|
are preserved on all copies.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
|
|
entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
|
|
permission notice identical to this one.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
|
|
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
|
|
versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
|
|
translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
|
|
the original English.
|