1157 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
1157 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
@c Automatically generated from *.c and others (the comments before
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@c each entry tell you which file and where in that file). DO NOT EDIT!
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@c Edit the *.c files, configure with --enable-maintainer-mode,
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@c and let gather-docs build you a new copy.
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@c safe-ctype.c:24
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@defvr Extension HOST_CHARSET
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This macro indicates the basic character set and encoding used by the
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host: more precisely, the encoding used for character constants in
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preprocessor @samp{#if} statements (the C "execution character set").
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It is defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}, and will be an integer constant
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with one of the following values:
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@ftable @code
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@item HOST_CHARSET_UNKNOWN
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The host character set is unknown - that is, not one of the next two
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possibilities.
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@item HOST_CHARSET_ASCII
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The host character set is ASCII.
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@item HOST_CHARSET_EBCDIC
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The host character set is some variant of EBCDIC. (Only one of the
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nineteen EBCDIC varying characters is tested; exercise caution.)
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@end ftable
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@end defvr
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@c alloca.c:26
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@deftypefn Replacement void* alloca (size_t @var{size})
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This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed
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after the procedure exits. The @libib{} implementation does not free
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the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent
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calls to this function. Memory is allocated using @code{xmalloc} under
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normal circumstances.
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The header file @file{alloca-conf.h} can be used in conjunction with the
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GNU Autoconf test @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} to test for and properly make
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available this function. The @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} test requires that
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client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf
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manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including
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the possibility of a GCC built-in function.
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@end deftypefn
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@c asprintf.c:33
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@deftypefn Extension int asprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, ...)
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Like @code{sprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, you
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pass a pointer to a pointer. This function will compute the size of
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the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a
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pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}. The value
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returned is the same as @code{sprintf} would return. If memory could
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not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in
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@code{*@var{resptr}}.
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@end deftypefn
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@c atexit.c:6
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@deftypefn Supplemental int atexit (void (*@var{f})())
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Causes function @var{f} to be called at exit. Returns 0.
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@end deftypefn
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@c basename.c:6
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@deftypefn Supplemental char* basename (const char *@var{name})
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Returns a pointer to the last component of pathname @var{name}.
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Behavior is undefined if the pathname ends in a directory separator.
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@end deftypefn
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@c bcmp.c:6
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@deftypefn Supplemental int bcmp (char *@var{x}, char *@var{y}, int @var{count})
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Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory. Returns
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zero if they are the same, nonzero otherwise. Returns zero if
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@var{count} is zero. A nonzero result only indicates a difference,
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it does not indicate any sorting order (say, by having a positive
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result mean @var{x} sorts before @var{y}).
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@end deftypefn
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@c bcopy.c:3
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@deftypefn Supplemental void bcopy (char *@var{in}, char *@var{out}, int @var{length})
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Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
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@var{out}. The use of @code{bcopy} is deprecated in new programs.
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@end deftypefn
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@c bsearch.c:33
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@deftypefn Supplemental void* bsearch (const void *@var{key}, const void *@var{base}, size_t @var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, int (*@var{compar})(const void *, const void *))
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Performs a search over an array of @var{nmemb} elements pointed to by
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@var{base} for a member that matches the object pointed to by @var{key}.
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The size of each member is specified by @var{size}. The array contents
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should be sorted in ascending order according to the @var{compar}
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comparison function. This routine should take two arguments pointing to
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the @var{key} and to an array member, in that order, and should return an
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integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the @var{key} object
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is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member.
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@end deftypefn
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@c argv.c:139
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@deftypefn Extension char** buildargv (char *@var{sp})
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Given a pointer to a string, parse the string extracting fields
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separated by whitespace and optionally enclosed within either single
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or double quotes (which are stripped off), and build a vector of
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pointers to copies of the string for each field. The input string
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remains unchanged. The last element of the vector is followed by a
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@code{NULL} element.
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All of the memory for the pointer array and copies of the string
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is obtained from @code{malloc}. All of the memory can be returned to the
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system with the single function call @code{freeargv}, which takes the
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returned result of @code{buildargv}, as it's argument.
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Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful. Returns
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@code{NULL} if @var{sp} is @code{NULL} or if there is insufficient
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memory to complete building the argument vector.
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If the input is a null string (as opposed to a @code{NULL} pointer),
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then buildarg returns an argument vector that has one arg, a null
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string.
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@end deftypefn
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@c bzero.c:6
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@deftypefn Supplemental void bzero (char *@var{mem}, int @var{count})
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Zeros @var{count} bytes starting at @var{mem}. Use of this function
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is deprecated in favor of @code{memset}.
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@end deftypefn
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@c calloc.c:6
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@deftypefn Supplemental void* calloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})
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Uses @code{malloc} to allocate storage for @var{nelem} objects of
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@var{elsize} bytes each, then zeros the memory.
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@end deftypefn
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@c choose-temp.c:42
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@deftypefn Extension char* choose_temp_base (void)
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Return a prefix for temporary file names or @code{NULL} if unable to
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find one. The current directory is chosen if all else fails so the
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program is exited if a temporary directory can't be found (@code{mktemp}
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fails). The buffer for the result is obtained with @code{xmalloc}.
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This function is provided for backwards compatability only. Its use is
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not recommended.
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@end deftypefn
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@c make-temp-file.c:88
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@deftypefn Replacement char* choose_tmpdir ()
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Returns a pointer to a directory path suitable for creating temporary
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files in.
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@end deftypefn
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@c clock.c:27
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@deftypefn Supplemental long clock (void)
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Returns an approximation of the CPU time used by the process as a
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@code{clock_t}; divide this number by @samp{CLOCKS_PER_SEC} to get the
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number of seconds used.
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@end deftypefn
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@c concat.c:24
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@deftypefn Extension char* concat (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})
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Concatenate zero or more of strings and return the result in freshly
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@code{xmalloc}ed memory. Returns @code{NULL} if insufficient memory is
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available. The argument list is terminated by the first @code{NULL}
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pointer encountered. Pointers to empty strings are ignored.
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@end deftypefn
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@c argv.c:65
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@deftypefn Extension char** dupargv (char **@var{vector})
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Duplicate an argument vector. Simply scans through @var{vector},
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duplicating each argument until the terminating @code{NULL} is found.
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Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful. Returns
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@code{NULL} if there is insufficient memory to complete building the
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argument vector.
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@end deftypefn
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@c strerror.c:566
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@deftypefn Extension int errno_max (void)
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Returns the maximum @code{errno} value for which a corresponding
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symbolic name or message is available. Note that in the case where we
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use the @code{sys_errlist} supplied by the system, it is possible for
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there to be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa. In
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fact, the manual page for @code{perror(3C)} explicitly warns that one
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should check the size of the table (@code{sys_nerr}) before indexing
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it, since new error codes may be added to the system before they are
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added to the table. Thus @code{sys_nerr} might be smaller than value
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implied by the largest @code{errno} value defined in @code{<errno.h>}.
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We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful
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symbolic name or message.
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@end deftypefn
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@c fdmatch.c:23
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@deftypefn Extension int fdmatch (int @var{fd1}, int @var{fd2})
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Check to see if two open file descriptors refer to the same file.
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This is useful, for example, when we have an open file descriptor for
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an unnamed file, and the name of a file that we believe to correspond
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to that fd. This can happen when we are exec'd with an already open
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file (@code{stdout} for example) or from the SVR4 @file{/proc} calls
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that return open file descriptors for mapped address spaces. All we
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have to do is open the file by name and check the two file descriptors
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for a match, which is done by comparing major and minor device numbers
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and inode numbers.
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@end deftypefn
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@c ffs.c:3
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@deftypefn Supplemental int ffs (int @var{valu})
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Find the first (least significant) bit set in @var{valu}. Bits are
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numbered from right to left, starting with bit 1 (corresponding to the
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value 1). If @var{valu} is zero, zero is returned.
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@end deftypefn
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@c fnmatch.txh:1
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@deftypefn Replacement int fnmatch (const char *@var{pattern}, const char *@var{string}, int @var{flags})
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Matches @var{string} against @var{pattern}, returning zero if it
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matches, @code{FNM_NOMATCH} if not. @var{pattern} may contain the
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wildcards @code{?} to match any one character, @code{*} to match any
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zero or more characters, or a set of alternate characters in square
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brackets, like @samp{[a-gt8]}, which match one character (@code{a}
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through @code{g}, or @code{t}, or @code{8}, in this example) if that one
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character is in the set. A set may be inverted (i.e., match anything
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except what's in the set) by giving @code{^} or @code{!} as the first
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character in the set. To include those characters in the set, list them
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as anything other than the first character of the set. To include a
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dash in the set, list it last in the set. A backslash character makes
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the following character not special, so for example you could match
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against a literal asterisk with @samp{\*}. To match a literal
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backslash, use @samp{\\}.
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@code{flags} controls various aspects of the matching process, and is a
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boolean OR of zero or more of the following values (defined in
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@code{<fnmatch.h>}):
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@table @code
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@item FNM_PATHNAME
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@itemx FNM_FILE_NAME
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@var{string} is assumed to be a path name. No wildcard will ever match
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@code{/}.
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@item FNM_NOESCAPE
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Do not interpret backslashes as quoting the following special character.
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@item FNM_PERIOD
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A leading period (at the beginning of @var{string}, or if
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@code{FNM_PATHNAME} after a slash) is not matched by @code{*} or
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@code{?} but must be matched explicitly.
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@item FNM_LEADING_DIR
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Means that @var{string} also matches @var{pattern} if some initial part
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of @var{string} matches, and is followed by @code{/} and zero or more
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characters. For example, @samp{foo*} would match either @samp{foobar}
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or @samp{foobar/grill}.
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@item FNM_CASEFOLD
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Ignores case when performing the comparison.
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@end table
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@end deftypefn
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@c argv.c:111
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@deftypefn Extension void freeargv (char **@var{vector})
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Free an argument vector that was built using @code{buildargv}. Simply
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scans through @var{vector}, freeing the memory for each argument until
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the terminating @code{NULL} is found, and then frees @var{vector}
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itself.
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@end deftypefn
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@c getruntime.c:82
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@deftypefn Replacement long get_run_time (void)
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Returns the time used so far, in microseconds. If possible, this is
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the time used by this process, else it is the elapsed time since the
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process started.
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@end deftypefn
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@c getcwd.c:6
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@deftypefn Supplemental char* getcwd (char *@var{pathname}, int @var{len})
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Copy the absolute pathname for the current working directory into
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@var{pathname}, which is assumed to point to a buffer of at least
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@var{len} bytes, and return a pointer to the buffer. If the current
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directory's path doesn't fit in @var{len} characters, the result is
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@code{NULL} and @code{errno} is set. If @var{pathname} is a null pointer,
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@code{getcwd} will obtain @var{len} bytes of space using
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@code{malloc}.
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@end deftypefn
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@c getpagesize.c:5
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@deftypefn Supplemental int getpagesize (void)
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Returns the number of bytes in a page of memory. This is the
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granularity of many of the system memory management routines. No
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guarantee is made as to whether or not it is the same as the basic
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memory management hardware page size.
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@end deftypefn
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@c getpwd.c:5
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@deftypefn Supplemental char* getpwd (void)
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Returns the current working directory. This implementation caches the
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result on the assumption that the process will not call @code{chdir}
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between calls to @code{getpwd}.
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@end deftypefn
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@c hex.c:30
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@deftypefn Extension void hex_init (void)
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Initializes the array mapping the current character set to
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corresponding hex values. This function must be called before any
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call to @code{hex_p} or @code{hex_value}. If you fail to call it, a
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default ASCII-based table will normally be used on ASCII systems.
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@end deftypefn
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@c hex.c:39
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@deftypefn Extension int hex_p (int @var{c})
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Evaluates to non-zero if the given character is a valid hex character,
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or zero if it is not. Note that the value you pass will be cast to
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@code{unsigned char} within the macro.
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@end deftypefn
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@c hex.c:47
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@deftypefn Extension unsigned int hex_value (int @var{c})
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Returns the numeric equivalent of the given character when interpreted
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as a hexidecimal digit. The result is undefined if you pass an
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invalid hex digit. Note that the value you pass will be cast to
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@code{unsigned char} within the macro.
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The @code{hex_value} macro returns @code{unsigned int}, rather than
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signed @code{int}, to make it easier to use in parsing addresses from
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hex dump files: a signed @code{int} would be sign-extended when
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converted to a wider unsigned type --- like @code{bfd_vma}, on some
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systems.
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@end deftypefn
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@c index.c:5
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@deftypefn Supplemental char* index (char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
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Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in
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the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found. The use of @code{index} is
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deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strchr}.
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@end deftypefn
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@c insque.c:6
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@deftypefn Supplemental void insque (struct qelem *@var{elem}, struct qelem *@var{pred})
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@deftypefnx Supplemental void remque (struct qelem *@var{elem})
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Routines to manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists. The
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@code{insque} routine inserts @var{elem} in the queue immediately
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after @var{pred}. The @code{remque} routine removes @var{elem} from
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its containing queue. These routines expect to be passed pointers to
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structures which have as their first members a forward pointer and a
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back pointer, like this prototype (although no prototype is provided):
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@example
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struct qelem @{
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struct qelem *q_forw;
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struct qelem *q_back;
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char q_data[];
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@};
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@end example
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@end deftypefn
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@c safe-ctype.c:45
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@deffn Extension ISALPHA (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISALNUM (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISBLANK (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISCNTRL (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISDIGIT (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISGRAPH (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISLOWER (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISPRINT (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISPUNCT (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISSPACE (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISUPPER (@var{c})
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@deffnx Extension ISXDIGIT (@var{c})
|
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|
These twelve macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}. Each has the
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|
same meaning as the corresponding macro (with name in lowercase)
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|
defined by the standard header @file{ctype.h}. For example,
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|
@code{ISALPHA} returns true for alphabetic characters and false for
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|
others. However, there are two differences between these macros and
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|
those provided by @file{ctype.h}:
|
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@itemize @bullet
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|
@item These macros are guaranteed to have well-defined behavior for all
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|
values representable by @code{signed char} and @code{unsigned char}, and
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|
for @code{EOF}.
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@item These macros ignore the current locale; they are true for these
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|
fixed sets of characters:
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|
@multitable {@code{XDIGIT}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}
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|
@item @code{ALPHA} @tab @kbd{A-Za-z}
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|
@item @code{ALNUM} @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9}
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|
@item @code{BLANK} @tab @kbd{space tab}
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|
@item @code{CNTRL} @tab @code{!PRINT}
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@item @code{DIGIT} @tab @kbd{0-9}
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@item @code{GRAPH} @tab @code{ALNUM || PUNCT}
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@item @code{LOWER} @tab @kbd{a-z}
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@item @code{PRINT} @tab @code{GRAPH ||} @kbd{space}
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@item @code{PUNCT} @tab @kbd{`~!@@#$%^&*()_-=+[@{]@}\|;:'",<.>/?}
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@item @code{SPACE} @tab @kbd{space tab \n \r \f \v}
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@item @code{UPPER} @tab @kbd{A-Z}
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@item @code{XDIGIT} @tab @kbd{0-9A-Fa-f}
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@end multitable
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|
Note that, if the host character set is ASCII or a superset thereof,
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|
all these macros will return false for all values of @code{char} outside
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|
the range of 7-bit ASCII. In particular, both ISPRINT and ISCNTRL return
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|
false for characters with numeric values from 128 to 255.
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@end itemize
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@end deffn
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@c safe-ctype.c:94
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@deffn Extension ISIDNUM (@var{c})
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|
@deffnx Extension ISIDST (@var{c})
|
|
@deffnx Extension IS_VSPACE (@var{c})
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|
@deffnx Extension IS_NVSPACE (@var{c})
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|
@deffnx Extension IS_SPACE_OR_NUL (@var{c})
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|
@deffnx Extension IS_ISOBASIC (@var{c})
|
|
These six macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h} and provide
|
|
additional character classes which are useful when doing lexical
|
|
analysis of C or similar languages. They are true for the following
|
|
sets of characters:
|
|
|
|
@multitable {@code{SPACE_OR_NUL}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}
|
|
@item @code{IDNUM} @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9_}
|
|
@item @code{IDST} @tab @kbd{A-Za-z_}
|
|
@item @code{VSPACE} @tab @kbd{\r \n}
|
|
@item @code{NVSPACE} @tab @kbd{space tab \f \v \0}
|
|
@item @code{SPACE_OR_NUL} @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE}
|
|
@item @code{ISOBASIC} @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE || PRINT}
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
@end deffn
|
|
|
|
@c lbasename.c:23
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lbasename (const char *@var{name})
|
|
|
|
Given a pointer to a string containing a typical pathname
|
|
(@samp{/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c} for example), returns a pointer to the
|
|
last component of the pathname (@samp{ls.c} in this case). The
|
|
returned pointer is guaranteed to lie within the original
|
|
string. This latter fact is not true of many vendor C
|
|
libraries, which return special strings or modify the passed
|
|
strings for particular input.
|
|
|
|
In particular, the empty string returns the same empty string,
|
|
and a path ending in @code{/} returns the empty string after it.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c lrealpath.c:25
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lrealpath (const char *@var{name})
|
|
|
|
Given a pointer to a string containing a pathname, returns a canonical
|
|
version of the filename. Symlinks will be resolved, and ``.'' and ``..''
|
|
components will be simplified. The returned value will be allocated using
|
|
@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} will be returned on a memory allocation error.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c make-relative-prefix.c:24
|
|
@deftypefn Extension {const char*} make_relative_prefix (const char *@var{progname}, const char *@var{bin_prefix}, const char *@var{prefix})
|
|
|
|
Given three paths @var{progname}, @var{bin_prefix}, @var{prefix},
|
|
return the path that is in the same position relative to
|
|
@var{progname}'s directory as @var{prefix} is relative to
|
|
@var{bin_prefix}. That is, a string starting with the directory
|
|
portion of @var{progname}, followed by a relative pathname of the
|
|
difference between @var{bin_prefix} and @var{prefix}.
|
|
|
|
If @var{progname} does not contain any directory separators,
|
|
@code{make_relative_prefix} will search @env{PATH} to find a program
|
|
named @var{progname}. Also, if @var{progname} is a symbolic link,
|
|
the symbolic link will be resolved.
|
|
|
|
For example, if @var{bin_prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/gcc/delta},
|
|
@var{prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/omega/}, and @var{progname} is
|
|
@code{/red/green/blue/gcc}, then this function will return
|
|
@code{/red/green/blue/../../omega/}.
|
|
|
|
The return value is normally allocated via @code{malloc}. If no
|
|
relative prefix can be found, return @code{NULL}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c make-temp-file.c:138
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement char* make_temp_file (const char *@var{suffix})
|
|
|
|
Return a temporary file name (as a string) or @code{NULL} if unable to
|
|
create one. @var{suffix} is a suffix to append to the file name. The
|
|
string is @code{malloc}ed, and the temporary file has been created.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c memchr.c:3
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memchr (const void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{n})
|
|
|
|
This function searches memory starting at @code{*@var{s}} for the
|
|
character @var{c}. The search only ends with the first occurrence of
|
|
@var{c}, or after @var{length} characters; in particular, a null
|
|
character does not terminate the search. If the character @var{c} is
|
|
found within @var{length} characters of @code{*@var{s}}, a pointer
|
|
to the character is returned. If @var{c} is not found, then @code{NULL} is
|
|
returned.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c memcmp.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int memcmp (const void *@var{x}, const void *@var{y}, size_t @var{count})
|
|
|
|
Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory. Returns
|
|
zero if they are the same, a value less than zero if @var{x} is
|
|
lexically less than @var{y}, or a value greater than zero if @var{x}
|
|
is lexically greater than @var{y}. Note that lexical order is determined
|
|
as if comparing unsigned char arrays.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c memcpy.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})
|
|
|
|
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
|
|
@var{out}. Returns a pointer to @var{out}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c memmove.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmove (void *@var{from}, const void *@var{to}, size_t @var{count})
|
|
|
|
Copies @var{count} bytes from memory area @var{from} to memory area
|
|
@var{to}, returning a pointer to @var{to}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c mempcpy.c:23
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental void* mempcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})
|
|
|
|
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
|
|
@var{out}. Returns a pointer to @var{out} + @var{length}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c memset.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memset (void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{count})
|
|
|
|
Sets the first @var{count} bytes of @var{s} to the constant byte
|
|
@var{c}, returning a pointer to @var{s}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c mkstemps.c:54
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement int mkstemps (char *@var{template}, int @var{suffix_len})
|
|
|
|
Generate a unique temporary file name from @var{template}.
|
|
@var{template} has the form:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@var{path}/ccXXXXXX@var{suffix}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@var{suffix_len} tells us how long @var{suffix} is (it can be zero
|
|
length). The last six characters of @var{template} before @var{suffix}
|
|
must be @samp{XXXXXX}; they are replaced with a string that makes the
|
|
filename unique. Returns a file descriptor open on the file for
|
|
reading and writing.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c pexecute.txh:1
|
|
@deftypefn Extension int pexecute (const char *@var{program}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{this_pname}, const char *@var{temp_base}, char **@var{errmsg_fmt}, char **@var{errmsg_arg}, int flags)
|
|
|
|
Executes a program.
|
|
|
|
@var{program} and @var{argv} are the arguments to
|
|
@code{execv}/@code{execvp}.
|
|
|
|
@var{this_pname} is name of the calling program (i.e., @code{argv[0]}).
|
|
|
|
@var{temp_base} is the path name, sans suffix, of a temporary file to
|
|
use if needed. This is currently only needed for MS-DOS ports that
|
|
don't use @code{go32} (do any still exist?). Ports that don't need it
|
|
can pass @code{NULL}.
|
|
|
|
(@code{@var{flags} & PEXECUTE_SEARCH}) is non-zero if @env{PATH}
|
|
should be searched (??? It's not clear that GCC passes this flag
|
|
correctly). (@code{@var{flags} & PEXECUTE_FIRST}) is nonzero for the
|
|
first process in chain. (@code{@var{flags} & PEXECUTE_FIRST}) is
|
|
nonzero for the last process in chain. The first/last flags could be
|
|
simplified to only mark the last of a chain of processes but that
|
|
requires the caller to always mark the last one (and not give up
|
|
early if some error occurs). It's more robust to require the caller
|
|
to mark both ends of the chain.
|
|
|
|
The result is the pid on systems like Unix where we
|
|
@code{fork}/@code{exec} and on systems like WIN32 and OS/2 where we
|
|
use @code{spawn}. It is up to the caller to wait for the child.
|
|
|
|
The result is the @code{WEXITSTATUS} on systems like MS-DOS where we
|
|
@code{spawn} and wait for the child here.
|
|
|
|
Upon failure, @var{errmsg_fmt} and @var{errmsg_arg} are set to the
|
|
text of the error message with an optional argument (if not needed,
|
|
@var{errmsg_arg} is set to @code{NULL}), and @minus{}1 is returned.
|
|
@code{errno} is available to the caller to use.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strsignal.c:547
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental void psignal (unsigned @var{signo}, char *@var{message})
|
|
|
|
Print @var{message} to the standard error, followed by a colon,
|
|
followed by the description of the signal specified by @var{signo},
|
|
followed by a newline.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c putenv.c:21
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int putenv (const char *@var{string})
|
|
|
|
Uses @code{setenv} or @code{unsetenv} to put @var{string} into
|
|
the environment or remove it. If @var{string} is of the form
|
|
@samp{name=value} the string is added; if no @samp{=} is present the
|
|
name is unset/removed.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c pexecute.txh:39
|
|
@deftypefn Extension int pwait (int @var{pid}, int *@var{status}, int @var{flags})
|
|
|
|
Waits for a program started by @code{pexecute} to finish.
|
|
|
|
@var{pid} is the process id of the task to wait for. @var{status} is
|
|
the `status' argument to wait. @var{flags} is currently unused
|
|
(allows future enhancement without breaking upward compatibility).
|
|
Pass 0 for now.
|
|
|
|
The result is the pid of the child reaped, or -1 for failure
|
|
(@code{errno} says why).
|
|
|
|
On systems that don't support waiting for a particular child,
|
|
@var{pid} is ignored. On systems like MS-DOS that don't really
|
|
multitask @code{pwait} is just a mechanism to provide a consistent
|
|
interface for the caller.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c random.c:39
|
|
@deftypefn Supplement {long int} random (void)
|
|
@deftypefnx Supplement void srandom (unsigned int @var{seed})
|
|
@deftypefnx Supplement void* initstate (unsigned int @var{seed}, void *@var{arg_state}, unsigned long @var{n})
|
|
@deftypefnx Supplement void* setstate (void *@var{arg_state})
|
|
|
|
Random number functions. @code{random} returns a random number in the
|
|
range 0 to @code{LONG_MAX}. @code{srandom} initializes the random
|
|
number generator to some starting point determined by @var{seed}
|
|
(else, the values returned by @code{random} are always the same for each
|
|
run of the program). @code{initstate} and @code{setstate} allow fine-grained
|
|
control over the state of the random number generator.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c concat.c:177
|
|
@deftypefn Extension char* reconcat (char *@var{optr}, const char *@var{s1}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})
|
|
|
|
Same as @code{concat}, except that if @var{optr} is not @code{NULL} it
|
|
is freed after the string is created. This is intended to be useful
|
|
when you're extending an existing string or building up a string in a
|
|
loop:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
str = reconcat (str, "pre-", str, NULL);
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c rename.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int rename (const char *@var{old}, const char *@var{new})
|
|
|
|
Renames a file from @var{old} to @var{new}. If @var{new} already
|
|
exists, it is removed.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c rindex.c:5
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* rindex (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
|
|
|
|
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character @var{c} in
|
|
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found. The use of @code{rindex} is
|
|
deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strrchr}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c setenv.c:22
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int setenv (const char *@var{name}, const char *@var{value}, int @var{overwrite})
|
|
@deftypefnx Supplemental void unsetenv (const char *@var{name})
|
|
|
|
@code{setenv} adds @var{name} to the environment with value
|
|
@var{value}. If the name was already present in the environment,
|
|
the new value will be stored only if @var{overwrite} is nonzero.
|
|
The companion @code{unsetenv} function removes @var{name} from the
|
|
environment. This implementation is not safe for multithreaded code.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strsignal.c:353
|
|
@deftypefn Extension int signo_max (void)
|
|
|
|
Returns the maximum signal value for which a corresponding symbolic
|
|
name or message is available. Note that in the case where we use the
|
|
@code{sys_siglist} supplied by the system, it is possible for there to
|
|
be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa. In fact, the
|
|
manual page for @code{psignal(3b)} explicitly warns that one should
|
|
check the size of the table (@code{NSIG}) before indexing it, since
|
|
new signal codes may be added to the system before they are added to
|
|
the table. Thus @code{NSIG} might be smaller than value implied by
|
|
the largest signo value defined in @code{<signal.h>}.
|
|
|
|
We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful
|
|
symbolic name or message.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c sigsetmask.c:8
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int sigsetmask (int @var{set})
|
|
|
|
Sets the signal mask to the one provided in @var{set} and returns
|
|
the old mask (which, for libiberty's implementation, will always
|
|
be the value @code{1}).
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c snprintf.c:28
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int snprintf (char *@var{buf}, size_t @var{n}, const char *@var{format}, ...)
|
|
|
|
This function is similar to sprintf, but it will print at most @var{n}
|
|
characters. On error the return value is -1, otherwise it returns the
|
|
number of characters that would have been printed had @var{n} been
|
|
sufficiently large, regardless of the actual value of @var{n}. Note
|
|
some pre-C99 system libraries do not implement this correctly so users
|
|
cannot generally rely on the return value if the system version of
|
|
this function is used.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c spaces.c:22
|
|
@deftypefn Extension char* spaces (int @var{count})
|
|
|
|
Returns a pointer to a memory region filled with the specified
|
|
number of spaces and null terminated. The returned pointer is
|
|
valid until at least the next call.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c stpcpy.c:23
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* stpcpy (char *@var{dst}, const char *@var{src})
|
|
|
|
Copies the string @var{src} into @var{dst}. Returns a pointer to
|
|
@var{dst} + strlen(@var{src}).
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c stpncpy.c:23
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* stpncpy (char *@var{dst}, const char *@var{src}, size_t @var{len})
|
|
|
|
Copies the string @var{src} into @var{dst}, copying exactly @var{len}
|
|
and padding with zeros if necessary. If @var{len} < strlen(@var{src})
|
|
then return @var{dst} + @var{len}, otherwise returns @var{dst} +
|
|
strlen(@var{src}).
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strcasecmp.c:15
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int strcasecmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
|
|
|
|
A case-insensitive @code{strcmp}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strchr.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strchr (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
|
|
|
|
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in
|
|
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found. If @var{c} is itself the
|
|
null character, the results are undefined.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strdup.c:3
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strdup (const char *@var{s})
|
|
|
|
Returns a pointer to a copy of @var{s} in memory obtained from
|
|
@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} if insufficient memory was available.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strerror.c:670
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} strerrno (int @var{errnum})
|
|
|
|
Given an error number returned from a system call (typically returned
|
|
in @code{errno}), returns a pointer to a string containing the
|
|
symbolic name of that error number, as found in @code{<errno.h>}.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for
|
|
symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular error
|
|
number, then returns the string @samp{Error @var{num}}, where @var{num}
|
|
is the error number.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied error number is not within the range of valid
|
|
indices, then returns @code{NULL}.
|
|
|
|
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
|
|
valid until the next call to @code{strerrno}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strerror.c:602
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strerror (int @var{errnoval})
|
|
|
|
Maps an @code{errno} number to an error message string, the contents
|
|
of which are implementation defined. On systems which have the
|
|
external variables @code{sys_nerr} and @code{sys_errlist}, these
|
|
strings will be the same as the ones used by @code{perror}.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for
|
|
the @code{sys_errlist}, but no message is available for the particular
|
|
error number, then returns the string @samp{Error @var{num}}, where
|
|
@var{num} is the error number.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied error number is not a valid index into
|
|
@code{sys_errlist}, returns @code{NULL}.
|
|
|
|
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the
|
|
next call to @code{strerror}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strncasecmp.c:15
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int strncasecmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
|
|
|
|
A case-insensitive @code{strncmp}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strncmp.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int strncmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, size_t @var{n})
|
|
|
|
Compares the first @var{n} bytes of two strings, returning a value as
|
|
@code{strcmp}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strrchr.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strrchr (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
|
|
|
|
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character @var{c} in
|
|
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found. If @var{c} is itself the
|
|
null character, the results are undefined.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strsignal.c:388
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental {const char *} strsignal (int @var{signo})
|
|
|
|
Maps an signal number to an signal message string, the contents of
|
|
which are implementation defined. On systems which have the external
|
|
variable @code{sys_siglist}, these strings will be the same as the
|
|
ones used by @code{psignal()}.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for
|
|
the @code{sys_siglist}, but no message is available for the particular
|
|
signal number, then returns the string @samp{Signal @var{num}}, where
|
|
@var{num} is the signal number.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied signal number is not a valid index into
|
|
@code{sys_siglist}, returns @code{NULL}.
|
|
|
|
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the next
|
|
call to @code{strsignal}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strsignal.c:452
|
|
@deftypefn Extension {const char*} strsigno (int @var{signo})
|
|
|
|
Given an signal number, returns a pointer to a string containing the
|
|
symbolic name of that signal number, as found in @code{<signal.h>}.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for
|
|
symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular signal
|
|
number, then returns the string @samp{Signal @var{num}}, where
|
|
@var{num} is the signal number.
|
|
|
|
If the supplied signal number is not within the range of valid
|
|
indices, then returns @code{NULL}.
|
|
|
|
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
|
|
valid until the next call to @code{strsigno}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strstr.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strstr (const char *@var{string}, const char *@var{sub})
|
|
|
|
This function searches for the substring @var{sub} in the string
|
|
@var{string}, not including the terminating null characters. A pointer
|
|
to the first occurrence of @var{sub} is returned, or @code{NULL} if the
|
|
substring is absent. If @var{sub} points to a string with zero
|
|
length, the function returns @var{string}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strtod.c:27
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental double strtod (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr})
|
|
|
|
This ISO C function converts the initial portion of @var{string} to a
|
|
@code{double}. If @var{endptr} is not @code{NULL}, a pointer to the
|
|
character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in
|
|
the location referenced by @var{endptr}. If no conversion is
|
|
performed, zero is returned and the value of @var{string} is stored in
|
|
the location referenced by @var{endptr}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strerror.c:730
|
|
@deftypefn Extension int strtoerrno (const char *@var{name})
|
|
|
|
Given the symbolic name of a error number (e.g., @code{EACCES}), map it
|
|
to an errno value. If no translation is found, returns 0.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strtol.c:33
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental {long int} strtol (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr}, int @var{base})
|
|
@deftypefnx Supplemental {unsigned long int} strtoul (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr}, int @var{base})
|
|
|
|
The @code{strtol} function converts the string in @var{string} to a
|
|
long integer value according to the given @var{base}, which must be
|
|
between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. If @var{base}
|
|
is 0, @code{strtol} will look for the prefixes @code{0} and @code{0x}
|
|
to indicate bases 8 and 16, respectively, else default to base 10.
|
|
When the base is 16 (either explicitly or implicitly), a prefix of
|
|
@code{0x} is allowed. The handling of @var{endptr} is as that of
|
|
@code{strtod} above. The @code{strtoul} function is the same, except
|
|
that the converted value is unsigned.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c strsignal.c:507
|
|
@deftypefn Extension int strtosigno (const char *@var{name})
|
|
|
|
Given the symbolic name of a signal, map it to a signal number. If no
|
|
translation is found, returns 0.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c tmpnam.c:3
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental char* tmpnam (char *@var{s})
|
|
|
|
This function attempts to create a name for a temporary file, which
|
|
will be a valid file name yet not exist when @code{tmpnam} checks for
|
|
it. @var{s} must point to a buffer of at least @code{L_tmpnam} bytes,
|
|
or be @code{NULL}. Use of this function creates a security risk, and it must
|
|
not be used in new projects. Use @code{mkstemp} instead.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c vasprintf.c:48
|
|
@deftypefn Extension int vasprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{args})
|
|
|
|
Like @code{vsprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer,
|
|
you pass a pointer to a pointer. This function will compute the size
|
|
of the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a
|
|
pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}. The value
|
|
returned is the same as @code{vsprintf} would return. If memory could
|
|
not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in
|
|
@code{*@var{resptr}}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c vfork.c:6
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int vfork (void)
|
|
|
|
Emulates @code{vfork} by calling @code{fork} and returning its value.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c vprintf.c:3
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int vprintf (const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
|
|
@deftypefnx Supplemental int vfprintf (FILE *@var{stream}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
|
|
@deftypefnx Supplemental int vsprintf (char *@var{str}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
|
|
|
|
These functions are the same as @code{printf}, @code{fprintf}, and
|
|
@code{sprintf}, respectively, except that they are called with a
|
|
@code{va_list} instead of a variable number of arguments. Note that
|
|
they do not call @code{va_end}; this is the application's
|
|
responsibility. In @libib{} they are implemented in terms of the
|
|
nonstandard but common function @code{_doprnt}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c vsnprintf.c:28
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int vsnprintf (char *@var{buf}, size_t @var{n}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
|
|
|
|
This function is similar to vsprintf, but it will print at most
|
|
@var{n} characters. On error the return value is -1, otherwise it
|
|
returns the number of characters that would have been printed had
|
|
@var{n} been sufficiently large, regardless of the actual value of
|
|
@var{n}. Note some pre-C99 system libraries do not implement this
|
|
correctly so users cannot generally rely on the return value if the
|
|
system version of this function is used.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c waitpid.c:3
|
|
@deftypefn Supplemental int waitpid (int @var{pid}, int *@var{status}, int)
|
|
|
|
This is a wrapper around the @code{wait} function. Any ``special''
|
|
values of @var{pid} depend on your implementation of @code{wait}, as
|
|
does the return value. The third argument is unused in @libib{}.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xatexit.c:11
|
|
@deftypefun int xatexit (void (*@var{fn}) (void))
|
|
|
|
Behaves as the standard @code{atexit} function, but with no limit on
|
|
the number of registered functions. Returns 0 on success, or @minus{}1 on
|
|
failure. If you use @code{xatexit} to register functions, you must use
|
|
@code{xexit} to terminate your program.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefun
|
|
|
|
@c xmalloc.c:38
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement void* xcalloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})
|
|
|
|
Allocate memory without fail, and set it to zero. This routine functions
|
|
like @code{calloc}, but will behave the same as @code{xmalloc} if memory
|
|
cannot be found.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xexit.c:22
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement void xexit (int @var{code})
|
|
|
|
Terminates the program. If any functions have been registered with
|
|
the @code{xatexit} replacement function, they will be called first.
|
|
Termination is handled via the system's normal @code{exit} call.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xmalloc.c:22
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement void* xmalloc (size_t)
|
|
|
|
Allocate memory without fail. If @code{malloc} fails, this will print
|
|
a message to @code{stderr} (using the name set by
|
|
@code{xmalloc_set_program_name},
|
|
if any) and then call @code{xexit}. Note that it is therefore safe for
|
|
a program to contain @code{#define malloc xmalloc} in its source.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xmalloc.c:53
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement void xmalloc_failed (size_t)
|
|
|
|
This function is not meant to be called by client code, and is listed
|
|
here for completeness only. If any of the allocation routines fail, this
|
|
function will be called to print an error message and terminate execution.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xmalloc.c:46
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement void xmalloc_set_program_name (const char *@var{name})
|
|
|
|
You can use this to set the name of the program used by
|
|
@code{xmalloc_failed} when printing a failure message.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xmemdup.c:7
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement void* xmemdup (void *@var{input}, size_t @var{copy_size}, size_t @var{alloc_size})
|
|
|
|
Duplicates a region of memory without fail. First, @var{alloc_size} bytes
|
|
are allocated, then @var{copy_size} bytes from @var{input} are copied into
|
|
it, and the new memory is returned. If fewer bytes are copied than were
|
|
allocated, the remaining memory is zeroed.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xmalloc.c:32
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement void* xrealloc (void *@var{ptr}, size_t @var{size})
|
|
Reallocate memory without fail. This routine functions like @code{realloc},
|
|
but will behave the same as @code{xmalloc} if memory cannot be found.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xstrdup.c:7
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrdup (const char *@var{s})
|
|
|
|
Duplicates a character string without fail, using @code{xmalloc} to
|
|
obtain memory.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
@c xstrerror.c:7
|
|
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrerror (int @var{errnum})
|
|
|
|
Behaves exactly like the standard @code{strerror} function, but
|
|
will never return a @code{NULL} pointer.
|
|
|
|
@end deftypefn
|
|
|
|
|