743 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
743 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
@c \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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@c @c %**start of header
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@c @setfilename annotate.info
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@c @settitle GDB Annotations
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@c @setchapternewpage off
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@c @c %**end of header
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@c @set EDITION 0.5
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@c @set DATE May 1994
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@c @ifinfo
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@c This file documents GDB annotations.
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@c This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}, of @cite{GDB
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@c Annotations}. Copyright 1994,1995,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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@c under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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@c any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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@c Invariant Sections being ``Annotations Overview'' and ``Source
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@c Annotations'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
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@c and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.
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@c (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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@c this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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@c Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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@c @end ifinfo
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@c @titlepage
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@c @title GDB Annotations
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@c @subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}
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@c @subtitle @value{DATE}
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@c @author Cygnus Support
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@c @page
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@c @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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@c Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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@c this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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@c are preserved on all copies.
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@c Copyright @copyright{} 1994,1995,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation
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@c @end titlepage
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@c @ifinfo
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@c @node Top
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@c @top GDB Annotations
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@c @syncodeindex fn cp
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@node Annotations
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@chapter @value{GDBN} Annotations
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This chapter describes annotations in @value{GDBN}. Annotations are
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designed to interface @value{GDBN} to graphical user interfaces or
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other similar programs which want to interact with @value{GDBN} at a
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relatively high level.
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@ignore
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This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}.
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@end ignore
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@menu
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* Annotations Overview:: What annotations are; the general syntax.
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* Server Prefix:: Issuing a command without affecting user state.
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* Value Annotations:: Values are marked as such.
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* Frame Annotations:: Stack frames are annotated.
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* Displays:: @value{GDBN} can be told to display something periodically.
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* Prompting:: Annotations marking @value{GDBN}'s need for input.
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* Errors:: Annotations for error messages.
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* Breakpoint Info:: Information on breakpoints.
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* Invalidation:: Some annotations describe things now invalid.
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* Annotations for Running::
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Whether the program is running, how it stopped, etc.
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* Source Annotations:: Annotations describing source code.
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* TODO:: Annotations which might be added in the future.
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@end menu
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@node Annotations Overview
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@section What is an Annotation?
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@cindex annotations
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To produce annotations, start @value{GDBN} with the @code{--annotate=2} option.
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Annotations start with a newline character, two @samp{control-z}
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characters, and the name of the annotation. If there is no additional
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information associated with this annotation, the name of the annotation
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is followed immediately by a newline. If there is additional
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information, the name of the annotation is followed by a space, the
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additional information, and a newline. The additional information
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cannot contain newline characters.
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Any output not beginning with a newline and two @samp{control-z}
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characters denotes literal output from @value{GDBN}. Currently there is
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no need for @value{GDBN} to output a newline followed by two
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@samp{control-z} characters, but if there was such a need, the
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annotations could be extended with an @samp{escape} annotation which
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means those three characters as output.
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A simple example of starting up @value{GDBN} with annotations is:
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@smallexample
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$ gdb --annotate=2
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GNU GDB 5.0
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Copyright 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License,
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and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it
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under certain conditions.
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Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
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There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty"
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for details.
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This GDB was configured as "sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3"
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^Z^Zpre-prompt
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(gdb)
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^Z^Zprompt
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quit
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^Z^Zpost-prompt
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$
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@end smallexample
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Here @samp{quit} is input to @value{GDBN}; the rest is output from
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@value{GDBN}. The three lines beginning @samp{^Z^Z} (where @samp{^Z}
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denotes a @samp{control-z} character) are annotations; the rest is
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output from @value{GDBN}.
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@node Server Prefix
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@section The Server Prefix
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@cindex server prefix for annotations
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To issue a command to @value{GDBN} without affecting certain aspects of
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the state which is seen by users, prefix it with @samp{server }. This
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means that this command will not affect the command history, nor will it
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affect @value{GDBN}'s notion of which command to repeat if @key{RET} is
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pressed on a line by itself.
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The server prefix does not affect the recording of values into the value
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history; to print a value without recording it into the value history,
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use the @code{output} command instead of the @code{print} command.
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@node Value Annotations
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@section Values
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@cindex annotations for values
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When a value is printed in various contexts, @value{GDBN} uses
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annotations to delimit the value from the surrounding text.
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@findex value-history-begin
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@findex value-history-value
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@findex value-history-end
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If a value is printed using @code{print} and added to the value history,
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the annotation looks like
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zvalue-history-begin @var{history-number} @var{value-flags}
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@var{history-string}
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^Z^Zvalue-history-value
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@var{the-value}
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^Z^Zvalue-history-end
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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where @var{history-number} is the number it is getting in the value
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history, @var{history-string} is a string, such as @samp{$5 = }, which
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introduces the value to the user, @var{the-value} is the output
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corresponding to the value itself, and @var{value-flags} is @samp{*} for
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a value which can be dereferenced and @samp{-} for a value which cannot.
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@findex value-begin
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@findex value-end
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If the value is not added to the value history (it is an invalid float
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or it is printed with the @code{output} command), the annotation is similar:
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zvalue-begin @var{value-flags}
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@var{the-value}
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^Z^Zvalue-end
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@end smallexample
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@findex arg-begin
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@findex arg-name-end
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@findex arg-value
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@findex arg-end
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When @value{GDBN} prints an argument to a function (for example, in the output
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from the @code{backtrace} command), it annotates it as follows:
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zarg-begin
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@var{argument-name}
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^Z^Zarg-name-end
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@var{separator-string}
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^Z^Zarg-value @var{value-flags}
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@var{the-value}
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^Z^Zarg-end
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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where @var{argument-name} is the name of the argument,
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@var{separator-string} is text which separates the name from the value
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for the user's benefit (such as @samp{=}), and @var{value-flags} and
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@var{the-value} have the same meanings as in a
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@code{value-history-begin} annotation.
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@findex field-begin
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@findex field-name-end
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@findex field-value
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@findex field-end
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When printing a structure, @value{GDBN} annotates it as follows:
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zfield-begin @var{value-flags}
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@var{field-name}
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^Z^Zfield-name-end
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@var{separator-string}
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^Z^Zfield-value
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@var{the-value}
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^Z^Zfield-end
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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where @var{field-name} is the name of the field, @var{separator-string}
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is text which separates the name from the value for the user's benefit
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(such as @samp{=}), and @var{value-flags} and @var{the-value} have the
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same meanings as in a @code{value-history-begin} annotation.
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When printing an array, @value{GDBN} annotates it as follows:
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zarray-section-begin @var{array-index} @var{value-flags}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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where @var{array-index} is the index of the first element being
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annotated and @var{value-flags} has the same meaning as in a
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@code{value-history-begin} annotation. This is followed by any number
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of elements, where is element can be either a single element:
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@findex elt
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@smallexample
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@samp{,} @var{whitespace} ; @r{omitted for the first element}
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@var{the-value}
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^Z^Zelt
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@end smallexample
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or a repeated element
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@findex elt-rep
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@findex elt-rep-end
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@smallexample
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@samp{,} @var{whitespace} ; @r{omitted for the first element}
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@var{the-value}
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^Z^Zelt-rep @var{number-of-repititions}
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@var{repetition-string}
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^Z^Zelt-rep-end
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@end smallexample
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In both cases, @var{the-value} is the output for the value of the
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element and @var{whitespace} can contain spaces, tabs, and newlines. In
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the repeated case, @var{number-of-repititons} is the number of
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consecutive array elements which contain that value, and
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@var{repetition-string} is a string which is designed to convey to the
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user that repitition is being depicted.
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@findex array-section-end
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Once all the array elements have been output, the array annotation is
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ended with
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zarray-section-end
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@end smallexample
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@node Frame Annotations
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@section Frames
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@cindex annotations for frames
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Whenever @value{GDBN} prints a frame, it annotates it. For example, this applies
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to frames printed when @value{GDBN} stops, output from commands such as
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@code{backtrace} or @code{up}, etc.
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@findex frame-begin
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The frame annotation begins with
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zframe-begin @var{level} @var{address}
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@var{level-string}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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where @var{level} is the number of the frame (0 is the innermost frame,
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and other frames have positive numbers), @var{address} is the address of
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the code executing in that frame, and @var{level-string} is a string
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designed to convey the level to the user. @var{address} is in the form
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@samp{0x} followed by one or more lowercase hex digits (note that this
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does not depend on the language). The frame ends with
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@findex frame-end
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zframe-end
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@end smallexample
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Between these annotations is the main body of the frame, which can
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consist of
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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@findex function-call
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zfunction-call
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@var{function-call-string}
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@end smallexample
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where @var{function-call-string} is text designed to convey to the user
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that this frame is associated with a function call made by @value{GDBN} to a
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function in the program being debugged.
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@item
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@findex signal-handler-caller
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zsignal-handler-caller
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@var{signal-handler-caller-string}
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@end smallexample
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where @var{signal-handler-caller-string} is text designed to convey to
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the user that this frame is associated with whatever mechanism is used
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by this operating system to call a signal handler (it is the frame which
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calls the signal handler, not the frame for the signal handler itself).
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@item
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A normal frame.
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@findex frame-address
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@findex frame-address-end
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This can optionally (depending on whether this is thought of as
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interesting information for the user to see) begin with
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zframe-address
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@var{address}
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^Z^Zframe-address-end
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@var{separator-string}
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@end smallexample
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where @var{address} is the address executing in the frame (the same
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address as in the @code{frame-begin} annotation, but printed in a form
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which is intended for user consumption---in particular, the syntax varies
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depending on the language), and @var{separator-string} is a string
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intended to separate this address from what follows for the user's
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benefit.
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@findex frame-function-name
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@findex frame-args
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Then comes
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zframe-function-name
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@var{function-name}
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^Z^Zframe-args
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@var{arguments}
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@end smallexample
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where @var{function-name} is the name of the function executing in the
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frame, or @samp{??} if not known, and @var{arguments} are the arguments
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to the frame, with parentheses around them (each argument is annotated
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individually as well, @pxref{Value Annotations}).
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@findex frame-source-begin
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@findex frame-source-file
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@findex frame-source-file-end
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@findex frame-source-line
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@findex frame-source-end
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If source information is available, a reference to it is then printed:
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zframe-source-begin
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@var{source-intro-string}
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^Z^Zframe-source-file
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@var{filename}
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^Z^Zframe-source-file-end
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:
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^Z^Zframe-source-line
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@var{line-number}
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^Z^Zframe-source-end
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@end smallexample
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where @var{source-intro-string} separates for the user's benefit the
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reference from the text which precedes it, @var{filename} is the name of
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the source file, and @var{line-number} is the line number within that
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file (the first line is line 1).
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@findex frame-where
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If @value{GDBN} prints some information about where the frame is from (which
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library, which load segment, etc.; currently only done on the RS/6000),
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it is annotated with
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zframe-where
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@var{information}
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@end smallexample
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Then, if source is to actually be displayed for this frame (for example,
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this is not true for output from the @code{backtrace} command), then a
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@code{source} annotation (@pxref{Source Annotations}) is displayed. Unlike
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most annotations, this is output instead of the normal text which would be
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output, not in addition.
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@end itemize
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@node Displays
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@section Displays
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@findex display-begin
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@findex display-number-end
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@findex display-format
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@findex display-expression
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@findex display-expression-end
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@findex display-value
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@findex display-end
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@cindex annotations for display
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When @value{GDBN} is told to display something using the @code{display} command,
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the results of the display are annotated:
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zdisplay-begin
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@var{number}
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^Z^Zdisplay-number-end
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@var{number-separator}
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^Z^Zdisplay-format
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@var{format}
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^Z^Zdisplay-expression
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@var{expression}
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^Z^Zdisplay-expression-end
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@var{expression-separator}
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^Z^Zdisplay-value
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@var{value}
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^Z^Zdisplay-end
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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where @var{number} is the number of the display, @var{number-separator}
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is intended to separate the number from what follows for the user,
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@var{format} includes information such as the size, format, or other
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information about how the value is being displayed, @var{expression} is
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the expression being displayed, @var{expression-separator} is intended
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to separate the expression from the text that follows for the user,
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and @var{value} is the actual value being displayed.
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@node Prompting
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@section Annotation for @value{GDBN} Input
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@cindex annotations for prompts
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When @value{GDBN} prompts for input, it annotates this fact so it is possible
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to know when to send output, when the output from a given command is
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over, etc.
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Different kinds of input each have a different @dfn{input type}. Each
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input type has three annotations: a @code{pre-} annotation, which
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denotes the beginning of any prompt which is being output, a plain
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annotation, which denotes the end of the prompt, and then a @code{post-}
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annotation which denotes the end of any echo which may (or may not) be
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associated with the input. For example, the @code{prompt} input type
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features the following annotations:
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@smallexample
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^Z^Zpre-prompt
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^Z^Zprompt
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^Z^Zpost-prompt
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@end smallexample
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The input types are
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@table @code
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@findex pre-prompt
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@findex prompt
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@findex post-prompt
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@item prompt
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When @value{GDBN} is prompting for a command (the main @value{GDBN} prompt).
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@findex pre-commands
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@findex commands
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@findex post-commands
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@item commands
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When @value{GDBN} prompts for a set of commands, like in the @code{commands}
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command. The annotations are repeated for each command which is input.
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@findex pre-overload-choice
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@findex overload-choice
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@findex post-overload-choice
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@item overload-choice
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When @value{GDBN} wants the user to select between various overloaded functions.
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@findex pre-query
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@findex query
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@findex post-query
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@item query
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When @value{GDBN} wants the user to confirm a potentially dangerous operation.
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@findex pre-prompt-for-continue
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@findex prompt-for-continue
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@findex post-prompt-for-continue
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@item prompt-for-continue
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When @value{GDBN} is asking the user to press return to continue. Note: Don't
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expect this to work well; instead use @code{set height 0} to disable
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prompting. This is because the counting of lines is buggy in the
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presence of annotations.
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@end table
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@node Errors
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@section Errors
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|
@cindex annotations for errors, warnings and interrupts
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|
|
|
@findex quit
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zquit
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
This annotation occurs right before @value{GDBN} responds to an interrupt.
|
|
|
|
@findex error
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zerror
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
This annotation occurs right before @value{GDBN} responds to an error.
|
|
|
|
Quit and error annotations indicate that any annotations which @value{GDBN} was
|
|
in the middle of may end abruptly. For example, if a
|
|
@code{value-history-begin} annotation is followed by a @code{error}, one
|
|
cannot expect to receive the matching @code{value-history-end}. One
|
|
cannot expect not to receive it either, however; an error annotation
|
|
does not necessarily mean that @value{GDBN} is immediately returning all the way
|
|
to the top level.
|
|
|
|
@findex error-begin
|
|
A quit or error annotation may be preceded by
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zerror-begin
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
Any output between that and the quit or error annotation is the error
|
|
message.
|
|
|
|
Warning messages are not yet annotated.
|
|
@c If we want to change that, need to fix warning(), type_error(),
|
|
@c range_error(), and possibly other places.
|
|
|
|
@node Breakpoint Info
|
|
@section Information on Breakpoints
|
|
|
|
@cindex annotations for breakpoints
|
|
The output from the @code{info breakpoints} command is annotated as follows:
|
|
|
|
@findex breakpoints-headers
|
|
@findex breakpoints-table
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zbreakpoints-headers
|
|
@var{header-entry}
|
|
^Z^Zbreakpoints-table
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
where @var{header-entry} has the same syntax as an entry (see below) but
|
|
instead of containing data, it contains strings which are intended to
|
|
convey the meaning of each field to the user. This is followed by any
|
|
number of entries. If a field does not apply for this entry, it is
|
|
omitted. Fields may contain trailing whitespace. Each entry consists
|
|
of:
|
|
|
|
@findex record
|
|
@findex field
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zrecord
|
|
^Z^Zfield 0
|
|
@var{number}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 1
|
|
@var{type}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 2
|
|
@var{disposition}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 3
|
|
@var{enable}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 4
|
|
@var{address}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 5
|
|
@var{what}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 6
|
|
@var{frame}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 7
|
|
@var{condition}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 8
|
|
@var{ignore-count}
|
|
^Z^Zfield 9
|
|
@var{commands}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
Note that @var{address} is intended for user consumption---the syntax
|
|
varies depending on the language.
|
|
|
|
The output ends with
|
|
|
|
@findex breakpoints-table-end
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zbreakpoints-table-end
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@node Invalidation
|
|
@section Invalidation Notices
|
|
|
|
@cindex annotations for invalidation messages
|
|
The following annotations say that certain pieces of state may have
|
|
changed.
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@findex frames-invalid
|
|
@item ^Z^Zframes-invalid
|
|
|
|
The frames (for example, output from the @code{backtrace} command) may
|
|
have changed.
|
|
|
|
@findex breakpoints-invalid
|
|
@item ^Z^Zbreakpoints-invalid
|
|
|
|
The breakpoints may have changed. For example, the user just added or
|
|
deleted a breakpoint.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Annotations for Running
|
|
@section Running the Program
|
|
@cindex annotations for running programs
|
|
|
|
@findex starting
|
|
@findex stopping
|
|
When the program starts executing due to a @value{GDBN} command such as
|
|
@code{step} or @code{continue},
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zstarting
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
is output. When the program stops,
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zstopped
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
is output. Before the @code{stopped} annotation, a variety of
|
|
annotations describe how the program stopped.
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@findex exited
|
|
@item ^Z^Zexited @var{exit-status}
|
|
The program exited, and @var{exit-status} is the exit status (zero for
|
|
successful exit, otherwise nonzero).
|
|
|
|
@findex signalled
|
|
@findex signal-name
|
|
@findex signal-name-end
|
|
@findex signal-string
|
|
@findex signal-string-end
|
|
@item ^Z^Zsignalled
|
|
The program exited with a signal. After the @code{^Z^Zsignalled}, the
|
|
annotation continues:
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
@var{intro-text}
|
|
^Z^Zsignal-name
|
|
@var{name}
|
|
^Z^Zsignal-name-end
|
|
@var{middle-text}
|
|
^Z^Zsignal-string
|
|
@var{string}
|
|
^Z^Zsignal-string-end
|
|
@var{end-text}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
where @var{name} is the name of the signal, such as @code{SIGILL} or
|
|
@code{SIGSEGV}, and @var{string} is the explanation of the signal, such
|
|
as @code{Illegal Instruction} or @code{Segmentation fault}.
|
|
@var{intro-text}, @var{middle-text}, and @var{end-text} are for the
|
|
user's benefit and have no particular format.
|
|
|
|
@findex signal
|
|
@item ^Z^Zsignal
|
|
The syntax of this annotation is just like @code{signalled}, but @value{GDBN} is
|
|
just saying that the program received the signal, not that it was
|
|
terminated with it.
|
|
|
|
@findex breakpoint
|
|
@item ^Z^Zbreakpoint @var{number}
|
|
The program hit breakpoint number @var{number}.
|
|
|
|
@findex watchpoint
|
|
@item ^Z^Zwatchpoint @var{number}
|
|
The program hit watchpoint number @var{number}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Source Annotations
|
|
@section Displaying Source
|
|
@cindex annotations for source display
|
|
|
|
@findex source
|
|
The following annotation is used instead of displaying source code:
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
^Z^Zsource @var{filename}:@var{line}:@var{character}:@var{middle}:@var{addr}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
where @var{filename} is an absolute file name indicating which source
|
|
file, @var{line} is the line number within that file (where 1 is the
|
|
first line in the file), @var{character} is the character position
|
|
within the file (where 0 is the first character in the file) (for most
|
|
debug formats this will necessarily point to the beginning of a line),
|
|
@var{middle} is @samp{middle} if @var{addr} is in the middle of the
|
|
line, or @samp{beg} if @var{addr} is at the beginning of the line, and
|
|
@var{addr} is the address in the target program associated with the
|
|
source which is being displayed. @var{addr} is in the form @samp{0x}
|
|
followed by one or more lowercase hex digits (note that this does not
|
|
depend on the language).
|
|
|
|
@node TODO
|
|
@section Annotations We Might Want in the Future
|
|
|
|
@format
|
|
- target-invalid
|
|
the target might have changed (registers, heap contents, or
|
|
execution status). For performance, we might eventually want
|
|
to hit `registers-invalid' and `all-registers-invalid' with
|
|
greater precision
|
|
|
|
- systematic annotation for set/show parameters (including
|
|
invalidation notices).
|
|
|
|
- similarly, `info' returns a list of candidates for invalidation
|
|
notices.
|
|
@end format
|
|
|
|
@ignore
|
|
@node Index
|
|
@unnumbered Index
|
|
|
|
@printindex fn
|
|
@end ignore
|
|
|
|
@c @bye
|