binutils-gdb/gdb/dwarf2loc.c

/* DWARF 2 location expression support for GDB.

   Copyright (C) 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Contributed by Daniel Jacobowitz, MontaVista Software, Inc.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "defs.h"
#include "ui-out.h"
#include "value.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "gdbcore.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "inferior.h"
#include "ax.h"
#include "ax-gdb.h"
#include "regcache.h"
#include "objfiles.h"
#include "exceptions.h"
#include "block.h"

#include "dwarf2.h"
#include "dwarf2expr.h"
#include "dwarf2loc.h"
#include "dwarf2-frame.h"

#include "gdb_string.h"
#include "gdb_assert.h"

static void
dwarf_expr_frame_base_1 (struct symbol *framefunc, CORE_ADDR pc,
			 gdb_byte **start, size_t *length);

/* A helper function for dealing with location lists.  Given a
   symbol baton (BATON) and a pc value (PC), find the appropriate
   location expression, set *LOCEXPR_LENGTH, and return a pointer
   to the beginning of the expression.  Returns NULL on failure.

   For now, only return the first matching location expression; there
   can be more than one in the list.  */

static gdb_byte *
find_location_expression (struct dwarf2_loclist_baton *baton,
			  size_t *locexpr_length, CORE_ADDR pc)
{
  CORE_ADDR low, high;
  gdb_byte *loc_ptr, *buf_end;
  int length;
  struct objfile *objfile = dwarf2_per_cu_objfile (baton->per_cu);
  struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_objfile_arch (objfile);
  enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch);
  unsigned int addr_size = dwarf2_per_cu_addr_size (baton->per_cu);
  CORE_ADDR base_mask = ~(~(CORE_ADDR)1 << (addr_size * 8 - 1));
  /* Adjust base_address for relocatable objects.  */
  CORE_ADDR base_offset = ANOFFSET (objfile->section_offsets,
				    SECT_OFF_TEXT (objfile));
  CORE_ADDR base_address = baton->base_address + base_offset;

  loc_ptr = baton->data;
  buf_end = baton->data + baton->size;

  while (1)
    {
      if (buf_end - loc_ptr < 2 * addr_size)
	error (_("find_location_expression: Corrupted DWARF expression."));

      low = extract_unsigned_integer (loc_ptr, addr_size, byte_order);
      loc_ptr += addr_size;

      /* A base-address-selection entry.  */
      if (low == base_mask)
	{
	  base_address = dwarf2_read_address (gdbarch,
					      loc_ptr, buf_end, addr_size);
	  loc_ptr += addr_size;
	  continue;
	}

      high = extract_unsigned_integer (loc_ptr, addr_size, byte_order);
      loc_ptr += addr_size;

      /* An end-of-list entry.  */
      if (low == 0 && high == 0)
	return NULL;

      /* Otherwise, a location expression entry.  */
      low += base_address;
      high += base_address;

      length = extract_unsigned_integer (loc_ptr, 2, byte_order);
      loc_ptr += 2;

      if (pc >= low && pc < high)
	{
	  *locexpr_length = length;
	  return loc_ptr;
	}

      loc_ptr += length;
    }
}

/* This is the baton used when performing dwarf2 expression
   evaluation.  */
struct dwarf_expr_baton
{
  struct frame_info *frame;
  struct objfile *objfile;
};

/* Helper functions for dwarf2_evaluate_loc_desc.  */

/* Using the frame specified in BATON, return the value of register
   REGNUM, treated as a pointer.  */
static CORE_ADDR
dwarf_expr_read_reg (void *baton, int dwarf_regnum)
{
  struct dwarf_expr_baton *debaton = (struct dwarf_expr_baton *) baton;
  struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_frame_arch (debaton->frame);
  CORE_ADDR result;
  int regnum;

  regnum = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, dwarf_regnum);
  result = address_from_register (builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr,
				  regnum, debaton->frame);
  return result;
}

/* Read memory at ADDR (length LEN) into BUF.  */

static void
dwarf_expr_read_mem (void *baton, gdb_byte *buf, CORE_ADDR addr, size_t len)
{
  read_memory (addr, buf, len);
}

/* Using the frame specified in BATON, find the location expression
   describing the frame base.  Return a pointer to it in START and
   its length in LENGTH.  */
static void
dwarf_expr_frame_base (void *baton, gdb_byte **start, size_t * length)
{
  /* FIXME: cagney/2003-03-26: This code should be using
     get_frame_base_address(), and then implement a dwarf2 specific
     this_base method.  */
  struct symbol *framefunc;
  struct dwarf_expr_baton *debaton = (struct dwarf_expr_baton *) baton;

  /* Use block_linkage_function, which returns a real (not inlined)
     function, instead of get_frame_function, which may return an
     inlined function.  */
  framefunc = block_linkage_function (get_frame_block (debaton->frame, NULL));

  /* If we found a frame-relative symbol then it was certainly within
     some function associated with a frame. If we can't find the frame,
     something has gone wrong.  */
  gdb_assert (framefunc != NULL);

  dwarf_expr_frame_base_1 (framefunc,
			   get_frame_address_in_block (debaton->frame),
			   start, length);
}

static void
dwarf_expr_frame_base_1 (struct symbol *framefunc, CORE_ADDR pc,
			 gdb_byte **start, size_t *length)
{
  if (SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (framefunc) == NULL)
    *start = NULL;
  else if (SYMBOL_COMPUTED_OPS (framefunc) == &dwarf2_loclist_funcs)
    {
      struct dwarf2_loclist_baton *symbaton;

      symbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (framefunc);
      *start = find_location_expression (symbaton, length, pc);
    }
  else
    {
      struct dwarf2_locexpr_baton *symbaton;
      symbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (framefunc);
      if (symbaton != NULL)
	{
	  *length = symbaton->size;
	  *start = symbaton->data;
	}
      else
	*start = NULL;
    }

  if (*start == NULL)
    error (_("Could not find the frame base for \"%s\"."),
	   SYMBOL_NATURAL_NAME (framefunc));
}

/* Helper function for dwarf2_evaluate_loc_desc.  Computes the CFA for
   the frame in BATON.  */

static CORE_ADDR
dwarf_expr_frame_cfa (void *baton)
{
  struct dwarf_expr_baton *debaton = (struct dwarf_expr_baton *) baton;
  return dwarf2_frame_cfa (debaton->frame);
}

/* Using the objfile specified in BATON, find the address for the
   current thread's thread-local storage with offset OFFSET.  */
static CORE_ADDR
dwarf_expr_tls_address (void *baton, CORE_ADDR offset)
{
  struct dwarf_expr_baton *debaton = (struct dwarf_expr_baton *) baton;

  return target_translate_tls_address (debaton->objfile, offset);
}

struct piece_closure
{
  /* The number of pieces used to describe this variable.  */
  int n_pieces;

  /* The target address size, used only for DWARF_VALUE_STACK.  */
  int addr_size;

  /* The pieces themselves.  */
  struct dwarf_expr_piece *pieces;
};

/* Allocate a closure for a value formed from separately-described
   PIECES.  */

static struct piece_closure *
allocate_piece_closure (int n_pieces, struct dwarf_expr_piece *pieces,
			int addr_size)
{
  struct piece_closure *c = XZALLOC (struct piece_closure);

  c->n_pieces = n_pieces;
  c->addr_size = addr_size;
  c->pieces = XCALLOC (n_pieces, struct dwarf_expr_piece);

  memcpy (c->pieces, pieces, n_pieces * sizeof (struct dwarf_expr_piece));

  return c;
}

static void
read_pieced_value (struct value *v)
{
  int i;
  long offset = 0;
  gdb_byte *contents;
  struct piece_closure *c = (struct piece_closure *) value_computed_closure (v);
  struct frame_info *frame = frame_find_by_id (VALUE_FRAME_ID (v));

  contents = value_contents_raw (v);
  for (i = 0; i < c->n_pieces; i++)
    {
      struct dwarf_expr_piece *p = &c->pieces[i];
      switch (p->location)
	{
	case DWARF_VALUE_REGISTER:
	  {
	    struct gdbarch *arch = get_frame_arch (frame);
	    int gdb_regnum = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (arch,
							   p->v.expr.value);
	    int reg_offset = 0;

	    if (gdbarch_byte_order (arch) == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG
		&& p->size < register_size (arch, gdb_regnum))
	      /* Big-endian, and we want less than full size.  */
	      reg_offset = register_size (arch, gdb_regnum) - p->size;

	    get_frame_register_bytes (frame, gdb_regnum, reg_offset, p->size,
				      contents + offset);
	  }
	  break;

	case DWARF_VALUE_MEMORY:
	  if (p->v.expr.in_stack_memory)
	    read_stack (p->v.expr.value, contents + offset, p->size);
	  else
	    read_memory (p->v.expr.value, contents + offset, p->size);
	  break;

	case DWARF_VALUE_STACK:
	  {
	    struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_type_arch (value_type (v));
	    size_t n = p->size;
	    if (n > c->addr_size)
	      n = c->addr_size;
	    store_unsigned_integer (contents + offset, n,
				    gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch),
				    p->v.expr.value);
	  }
	  break;

	case DWARF_VALUE_LITERAL:
	  {
	    size_t n = p->size;
	    if (n > p->v.literal.length)
	      n = p->v.literal.length;
	    memcpy (contents + offset, p->v.literal.data, n);
	  }
	  break;

	default:
	  internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, _("invalid location type"));
	}
      offset += p->size;
    }
}

static void
write_pieced_value (struct value *to, struct value *from)
{
  int i;
  long offset = 0;
  gdb_byte *contents;
  struct piece_closure *c = (struct piece_closure *) value_computed_closure (to);
  struct frame_info *frame = frame_find_by_id (VALUE_FRAME_ID (to));

  if (frame == NULL)
    {
      set_value_optimized_out (to, 1);
      return;
    }

  contents = value_contents_raw (from);
  for (i = 0; i < c->n_pieces; i++)
    {
      struct dwarf_expr_piece *p = &c->pieces[i];
      switch (p->location)
	{
	case DWARF_VALUE_REGISTER:
	  {
	    struct gdbarch *arch = get_frame_arch (frame);
	    int gdb_regnum = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (arch, p->v.expr.value);
	    int reg_offset = 0;

	    if (gdbarch_byte_order (arch) == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG
		&& p->size < register_size (arch, gdb_regnum))
	      /* Big-endian, and we want less than full size.  */
	      reg_offset = register_size (arch, gdb_regnum) - p->size;

	    put_frame_register_bytes (frame, gdb_regnum, reg_offset, p->size,
				      contents + offset);
	  }
	  break;
	case DWARF_VALUE_MEMORY:
	  write_memory (p->v.expr.value, contents + offset, p->size);
	  break;
	default:
	  set_value_optimized_out (to, 1);
	  return;
	}
      offset += p->size;
    }
}

static void *
copy_pieced_value_closure (struct value *v)
{
  struct piece_closure *c = (struct piece_closure *) value_computed_closure (v);
  
  return allocate_piece_closure (c->n_pieces, c->pieces, c->addr_size);
}

static void
free_pieced_value_closure (struct value *v)
{
  struct piece_closure *c = (struct piece_closure *) value_computed_closure (v);

  xfree (c->pieces);
  xfree (c);
}

/* Functions for accessing a variable described by DW_OP_piece.  */
static struct lval_funcs pieced_value_funcs = {
  read_pieced_value,
  write_pieced_value,
  copy_pieced_value_closure,
  free_pieced_value_closure
};

/* Evaluate a location description, starting at DATA and with length
   SIZE, to find the current location of variable VAR in the context
   of FRAME.  */
static struct value *
dwarf2_evaluate_loc_desc (struct symbol *var, struct frame_info *frame,
			  gdb_byte *data, unsigned short size,
			  struct dwarf2_per_cu_data *per_cu)
{
  struct value *retval;
  struct dwarf_expr_baton baton;
  struct dwarf_expr_context *ctx;
  struct cleanup *old_chain;

  if (size == 0)
    {
      retval = allocate_value (SYMBOL_TYPE (var));
      VALUE_LVAL (retval) = not_lval;
      set_value_optimized_out (retval, 1);
      return retval;
    }

  baton.frame = frame;
  baton.objfile = dwarf2_per_cu_objfile (per_cu);

  ctx = new_dwarf_expr_context ();
  old_chain = make_cleanup_free_dwarf_expr_context (ctx);

  ctx->gdbarch = get_objfile_arch (baton.objfile);
  ctx->addr_size = dwarf2_per_cu_addr_size (per_cu);
  ctx->baton = &baton;
  ctx->read_reg = dwarf_expr_read_reg;
  ctx->read_mem = dwarf_expr_read_mem;
  ctx->get_frame_base = dwarf_expr_frame_base;
  ctx->get_frame_cfa = dwarf_expr_frame_cfa;
  ctx->get_tls_address = dwarf_expr_tls_address;

  dwarf_expr_eval (ctx, data, size);
  if (ctx->num_pieces > 0)
    {
      struct piece_closure *c;
      struct frame_id frame_id = get_frame_id (frame);

      c = allocate_piece_closure (ctx->num_pieces, ctx->pieces,
				  ctx->addr_size);
      retval = allocate_computed_value (SYMBOL_TYPE (var),
					&pieced_value_funcs,
					c);
      VALUE_FRAME_ID (retval) = frame_id;
    }
  else
    {
      switch (ctx->location)
	{
	case DWARF_VALUE_REGISTER:
	  {
	    struct gdbarch *arch = get_frame_arch (frame);
	    CORE_ADDR dwarf_regnum = dwarf_expr_fetch (ctx, 0);
	    int gdb_regnum = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (arch, dwarf_regnum);
	    retval = value_from_register (SYMBOL_TYPE (var), gdb_regnum, frame);
	  }
	  break;

	case DWARF_VALUE_MEMORY:
	  {
	    CORE_ADDR address = dwarf_expr_fetch (ctx, 0);
	    int in_stack_memory = dwarf_expr_fetch_in_stack_memory (ctx, 0);

	    retval = allocate_value (SYMBOL_TYPE (var));
	    VALUE_LVAL (retval) = lval_memory;
	    set_value_lazy (retval, 1);
	    if (in_stack_memory)
	      set_value_stack (retval, 1);
	    set_value_address (retval, address);
	  }
	  break;

	case DWARF_VALUE_STACK:
	  {
	    ULONGEST value = (ULONGEST) dwarf_expr_fetch (ctx, 0);
	    bfd_byte *contents;
	    size_t n = ctx->addr_size;

	    retval = allocate_value (SYMBOL_TYPE (var));
	    contents = value_contents_raw (retval);
	    if (n > TYPE_LENGTH (SYMBOL_TYPE (var)))
	      n = TYPE_LENGTH (SYMBOL_TYPE (var));
	    store_unsigned_integer (contents, n,
				    gdbarch_byte_order (ctx->gdbarch),
				    value);
	  }
	  break;

	case DWARF_VALUE_LITERAL:
	  {
	    bfd_byte *contents;
	    size_t n = ctx->len;

	    retval = allocate_value (SYMBOL_TYPE (var));
	    contents = value_contents_raw (retval);
	    if (n > TYPE_LENGTH (SYMBOL_TYPE (var)))
	      n = TYPE_LENGTH (SYMBOL_TYPE (var));
	    memcpy (contents, ctx->data, n);
	  }
	  break;

	default:
	  internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, _("invalid location type"));
	}
    }

  set_value_initialized (retval, ctx->initialized);

  do_cleanups (old_chain);

  return retval;
}

/* Helper functions and baton for dwarf2_loc_desc_needs_frame.  */

struct needs_frame_baton
{
  int needs_frame;
};

/* Reads from registers do require a frame.  */
static CORE_ADDR
needs_frame_read_reg (void *baton, int regnum)
{
  struct needs_frame_baton *nf_baton = baton;
  nf_baton->needs_frame = 1;
  return 1;
}

/* Reads from memory do not require a frame.  */
static void
needs_frame_read_mem (void *baton, gdb_byte *buf, CORE_ADDR addr, size_t len)
{
  memset (buf, 0, len);
}

/* Frame-relative accesses do require a frame.  */
static void
needs_frame_frame_base (void *baton, gdb_byte **start, size_t * length)
{
  static gdb_byte lit0 = DW_OP_lit0;
  struct needs_frame_baton *nf_baton = baton;

  *start = &lit0;
  *length = 1;

  nf_baton->needs_frame = 1;
}

/* CFA accesses require a frame.  */

static CORE_ADDR
needs_frame_frame_cfa (void *baton)
{
  struct needs_frame_baton *nf_baton = baton;
  nf_baton->needs_frame = 1;
  return 1;
}

/* Thread-local accesses do require a frame.  */
static CORE_ADDR
needs_frame_tls_address (void *baton, CORE_ADDR offset)
{
  struct needs_frame_baton *nf_baton = baton;
  nf_baton->needs_frame = 1;
  return 1;
}

/* Return non-zero iff the location expression at DATA (length SIZE)
   requires a frame to evaluate.  */

static int
dwarf2_loc_desc_needs_frame (gdb_byte *data, unsigned short size,
			     struct dwarf2_per_cu_data *per_cu)
{
  struct needs_frame_baton baton;
  struct dwarf_expr_context *ctx;
  int in_reg;
  struct cleanup *old_chain;

  baton.needs_frame = 0;

  ctx = new_dwarf_expr_context ();
  old_chain = make_cleanup_free_dwarf_expr_context (ctx);

  ctx->gdbarch = get_objfile_arch (dwarf2_per_cu_objfile (per_cu));
  ctx->addr_size = dwarf2_per_cu_addr_size (per_cu);
  ctx->baton = &baton;
  ctx->read_reg = needs_frame_read_reg;
  ctx->read_mem = needs_frame_read_mem;
  ctx->get_frame_base = needs_frame_frame_base;
  ctx->get_frame_cfa = needs_frame_frame_cfa;
  ctx->get_tls_address = needs_frame_tls_address;

  dwarf_expr_eval (ctx, data, size);

  in_reg = ctx->location == DWARF_VALUE_REGISTER;

  if (ctx->num_pieces > 0)
    {
      int i;

      /* If the location has several pieces, and any of them are in
         registers, then we will need a frame to fetch them from.  */
      for (i = 0; i < ctx->num_pieces; i++)
        if (ctx->pieces[i].location == DWARF_VALUE_REGISTER)
          in_reg = 1;
    }

  do_cleanups (old_chain);

  return baton.needs_frame || in_reg;
}

/* This struct keeps track of the pieces that make up a multi-location
   object, for use in agent expression generation.  It is
   superficially similar to struct dwarf_expr_piece, but
   dwarf_expr_piece is designed for use in immediate evaluation, and
   does not, for example, have a way to record both base register and
   offset.  */

struct axs_var_loc
{
  /* Memory vs register, etc */
  enum axs_lvalue_kind kind;

  /* If non-zero, number of bytes in this fragment */
  unsigned bytes;

  /* (GDB-numbered) reg, or base reg if >= 0 */
  int reg;

  /* offset from reg */
  LONGEST offset;
};

static gdb_byte *
dwarf2_tracepoint_var_loc (struct symbol *symbol,
			   struct agent_expr *ax,
			   struct axs_var_loc *loc,
			   struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
			   gdb_byte *data, gdb_byte *end)
{
  if (data[0] >= DW_OP_reg0 && data[0] <= DW_OP_reg31)
    {
      loc->kind = axs_lvalue_register;
      loc->reg = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, data[0] - DW_OP_reg0);
      data += 1;
    }
  else if (data[0] == DW_OP_regx)
    {
      ULONGEST reg;
      data = read_uleb128 (data + 1, end, &reg);
      loc->kind = axs_lvalue_register;
      loc->reg = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, reg);
    }
  else if (data[0] == DW_OP_fbreg)
    {
      struct block *b;
      struct symbol *framefunc;
      int frame_reg = 0;
      LONGEST frame_offset;
      gdb_byte *base_data;
      size_t base_size;
      LONGEST base_offset = 0;

      b = block_for_pc (ax->scope);

      if (!b)
	error (_("No block found for address"));

      framefunc = block_linkage_function (b);

      if (!framefunc)
	error (_("No function found for block"));

      dwarf_expr_frame_base_1 (framefunc, ax->scope,
			       &base_data, &base_size);

      if (base_data[0] >= DW_OP_breg0 && base_data[0] <= DW_OP_breg31)
	{
	  gdb_byte *buf_end;
	  
	  frame_reg = base_data[0] - DW_OP_breg0;
	  buf_end = read_sleb128 (base_data + 1,
				  base_data + base_size, &base_offset);
	  if (buf_end != base_data + base_size)
	    error (_("Unexpected opcode after DW_OP_breg%u for symbol \"%s\"."),
		   frame_reg, SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));
	}
      else if (base_data[0] >= DW_OP_reg0 && base_data[0] <= DW_OP_reg31)
	{
	  /* The frame base is just the register, with no offset.  */
	  frame_reg = base_data[0] - DW_OP_reg0;
	  base_offset = 0;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* We don't know what to do with the frame base expression,
	     so we can't trace this variable; give up.  */
	  error (_("Cannot generate expression to collect symbol \"%s\"; DWARF 2 encoding not handled, first opcode in base data is 0x%x."),
		 SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol), base_data[0]);
	}

      data = read_sleb128 (data + 1, end, &frame_offset);

      loc->kind = axs_lvalue_memory;
      loc->reg = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, frame_reg);
      loc->offset = base_offset + frame_offset;
    }
  else if (data[0] >= DW_OP_breg0 && data[0] <= DW_OP_breg31)
    {
      unsigned int reg;
      LONGEST offset;

      reg = data[0] - DW_OP_breg0;
      data = read_sleb128 (data + 1, end, &offset);

      loc->kind = axs_lvalue_memory;
      loc->reg = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, reg);
      loc->offset = offset;
    }
  else
    error (_("Unsupported DWARF opcode 0x%x in the location of \"%s\"."),
	   data[0], SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));
  
  return data;
}

/* Given the location of a piece, issue bytecodes that will access it.  */

static void
dwarf2_tracepoint_var_access (struct agent_expr *ax,
			      struct axs_value *value,
			      struct axs_var_loc *loc)
{
  value->kind = loc->kind;
  
  switch (loc->kind)
    {
    case axs_lvalue_register:
      value->u.reg = loc->reg;
      break;
      
    case axs_lvalue_memory:
      ax_reg (ax, loc->reg);
      if (loc->offset)
	{
	  ax_const_l (ax, loc->offset);
	  ax_simple (ax, aop_add);
	}
      break;
      
    default:
      internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, _("Unhandled value kind in dwarf2_tracepoint_var_access"));
    }
}

static void
dwarf2_tracepoint_var_ref (struct symbol *symbol, struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
			   struct agent_expr *ax, struct axs_value *value,
			   gdb_byte *data, int size)
{
  gdb_byte *end = data + size;
  enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch);
  /* In practice, a variable is not going to be spread across
     dozens of registers or memory locations.  If someone comes up
     with a real-world example, revisit this.  */
#define MAX_FRAGS 16
  struct axs_var_loc fragments[MAX_FRAGS];
  int nfrags = 0, frag;
  int length = 0;
  int piece_ok = 0;
  int bad = 0;
  int first = 1;
      
  if (!data || size == 0)
    {
      value->optimized_out = 1;
      return;
    }

  while (data < end)
    {
      if (!piece_ok)
	{
	  if (nfrags == MAX_FRAGS)
	    error (_("Too many pieces in location for \"%s\"."),
		   SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));

	  fragments[nfrags].bytes = 0;
	  data = dwarf2_tracepoint_var_loc (symbol, ax, &fragments[nfrags],
					    gdbarch, data, end);
	  nfrags++;
	  piece_ok = 1;
	}
      else if (data[0] == DW_OP_piece)
	{
	  ULONGEST bytes;
	      
	  data = read_uleb128 (data + 1, end, &bytes);
	  /* Only deal with 4 byte fragments for now.  */
	  if (bytes != 4)
	    error (_("DW_OP_piece %s not supported in location for \"%s\"."),
		   pulongest (bytes), SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));
	  fragments[nfrags - 1].bytes = bytes;
	  length += bytes;
	  piece_ok = 0;
	}
      else
	{
	  bad = 1;
	  break;
	}
    }

  if (bad || data > end)
    error (_("Corrupted DWARF expression for \"%s\"."),
	   SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));

  /* If single expression, no pieces, convert to external format.  */
  if (length == 0)
    {
      dwarf2_tracepoint_var_access (ax, value, &fragments[0]);
      return;
    }

  if (length != TYPE_LENGTH (value->type))
    error (_("Inconsistent piece information for \"%s\"."),
	   SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));

  /* Emit bytecodes to assemble the pieces into a single stack entry.  */

  for ((frag = (byte_order == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG ? 0 : nfrags - 1));
       nfrags--;
       (frag += (byte_order == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG ? 1 : -1)))
    {
      if (!first)
	{
	  /* shift the previous fragment up 32 bits */
	  ax_const_l (ax, 32);
	  ax_simple (ax, aop_lsh);
	}

      dwarf2_tracepoint_var_access (ax, value, &fragments[frag]);

      switch (value->kind)
	{
	case axs_lvalue_register:
	  ax_reg (ax, value->u.reg);
	  break;

	case axs_lvalue_memory:
	  {
	    extern int trace_kludge;  /* Ugh. */

	    gdb_assert (fragments[frag].bytes == 4);
	    if (trace_kludge)
	      ax_trace_quick (ax, 4);
	    ax_simple (ax, aop_ref32);
	  }
	  break;
	}

      if (!first)
	{
	  /* or the new fragment into the previous */
	  ax_zero_ext (ax, 32);
	  ax_simple (ax, aop_bit_or);
	}
      first = 0;
    }
  value->kind = axs_rvalue;
}


/* Return the value of SYMBOL in FRAME using the DWARF-2 expression
   evaluator to calculate the location.  */
static struct value *
locexpr_read_variable (struct symbol *symbol, struct frame_info *frame)
{
  struct dwarf2_locexpr_baton *dlbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (symbol);
  struct value *val;
  val = dwarf2_evaluate_loc_desc (symbol, frame, dlbaton->data, dlbaton->size,
				  dlbaton->per_cu);

  return val;
}

/* Return non-zero iff we need a frame to evaluate SYMBOL.  */
static int
locexpr_read_needs_frame (struct symbol *symbol)
{
  struct dwarf2_locexpr_baton *dlbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (symbol);
  return dwarf2_loc_desc_needs_frame (dlbaton->data, dlbaton->size,
				      dlbaton->per_cu);
}

/* Describe a single piece of a location, returning an updated
   position in the bytecode sequence.  */

static gdb_byte *
locexpr_describe_location_piece (struct symbol *symbol, struct ui_file *stream,
				 CORE_ADDR addr, struct objfile *objfile,
				 gdb_byte *data, int size, unsigned int addr_size)
{
  struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_objfile_arch (objfile);
  int regno;

  if (data[0] >= DW_OP_reg0 && data[0] <= DW_OP_reg31)
    {
      regno = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, data[0] - DW_OP_reg0);
      fprintf_filtered (stream, _("a variable in $%s"),
			gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, regno));
      data += 1;
    }
  else if (data[0] == DW_OP_regx)
    {
      ULONGEST reg;

      data = read_uleb128 (data + 1, data + size, &reg);
      regno = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, reg);
      fprintf_filtered (stream, _("a variable in $%s"),
			gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, regno));
    }
  else if (data[0] == DW_OP_fbreg)
    {
      struct block *b;
      struct symbol *framefunc;
      int frame_reg = 0;
      LONGEST frame_offset;
      gdb_byte *base_data;
      size_t base_size;
      LONGEST base_offset = 0;

      b = block_for_pc (addr);

      if (!b)
	error (_("No block found for address for symbol \"%s\"."),
	       SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));

      framefunc = block_linkage_function (b);

      if (!framefunc)
	error (_("No function found for block for symbol \"%s\"."),
	       SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));

      dwarf_expr_frame_base_1 (framefunc, addr, &base_data, &base_size);

      if (base_data[0] >= DW_OP_breg0 && base_data[0] <= DW_OP_breg31)
	{
	  gdb_byte *buf_end;
	  
	  frame_reg = base_data[0] - DW_OP_breg0;
	  buf_end = read_sleb128 (base_data + 1,
				  base_data + base_size, &base_offset);
	  if (buf_end != base_data + base_size)
	    error (_("Unexpected opcode after DW_OP_breg%u for symbol \"%s\"."),
		   frame_reg, SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));
	}
      else if (base_data[0] >= DW_OP_reg0 && base_data[0] <= DW_OP_reg31)
	{
	  /* The frame base is just the register, with no offset.  */
	  frame_reg = base_data[0] - DW_OP_reg0;
	  base_offset = 0;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* We don't know what to do with the frame base expression,
	     so we can't trace this variable; give up.  */
	  error (_("Cannot describe location of symbol \"%s\"; "
		   "DWARF 2 encoding not handled, "
		   "first opcode in base data is 0x%x."),
		 SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol), base_data[0]);
	}

      regno = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, frame_reg);

      data = read_sleb128 (data + 1, data + size, &frame_offset);

      fprintf_filtered (stream, _("a variable at frame base reg $%s offset %s+%s"),
			gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, regno),
			plongest (base_offset), plongest (frame_offset));
    }
  else if (data[0] >= DW_OP_breg0 && data[0] <= DW_OP_breg31)
    {
      LONGEST offset;

      regno = gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, data[0] - DW_OP_breg0);

      data = read_sleb128 (data + 1, data + size, &offset);

      fprintf_filtered (stream,
			_("a variable at offset %s from base reg $%s"),
			plongest (offset),
			gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, regno));
    }

  /* The location expression for a TLS variable looks like this (on a
     64-bit LE machine):

     DW_AT_location    : 10 byte block: 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e0
                        (DW_OP_addr: 4; DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address)
     
     0x3 is the encoding for DW_OP_addr, which has an operand as long
     as the size of an address on the target machine (here is 8
     bytes).  0xe0 is the encoding for DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address.
     The operand represents the offset at which the variable is within
     the thread local storage.  */

  else if (size > 1
	   && data[size - 1] == DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address
	   && data[0] == DW_OP_addr)
    {
      CORE_ADDR offset = dwarf2_read_address (gdbarch,
					      data + 1,
					      data + size - 1,
					      addr_size);
      fprintf_filtered (stream, 
			_("a thread-local variable at offset %s "
			  "in the thread-local storage for `%s'"),
			paddress (gdbarch, offset), objfile->name);

      data += 1 + addr_size + 1;
    }
  else
    fprintf_filtered (stream,
		      _("a variable with complex or multiple locations (DWARF2)"));

  return data;
}

/* Describe a single location, which may in turn consist of multiple
   pieces.  */

static void
locexpr_describe_location_1 (struct symbol *symbol, CORE_ADDR addr,
			     struct ui_file *stream, gdb_byte *data, int size,
			     struct objfile *objfile, unsigned int addr_size)
{
  gdb_byte *end = data + size;
  int piece_done = 0, first_piece = 1, bad = 0;

  /* A multi-piece description consists of multiple sequences of bytes
     each followed by DW_OP_piece + length of piece.  */
  while (data < end)
    {
      if (!piece_done)
	{
	  if (first_piece)
	    first_piece = 0;
	  else
	    fprintf_filtered (stream, _(", and "));

	  data = locexpr_describe_location_piece (symbol, stream, addr, objfile,
						  data, size, addr_size);
	  piece_done = 1;
	}
      else if (data[0] == DW_OP_piece)
	{
	  ULONGEST bytes;
	      
	  data = read_uleb128 (data + 1, end, &bytes);

	  fprintf_filtered (stream, _(" [%s-byte piece]"), pulongest (bytes));

	  piece_done = 0;
	}
      else
	{
	  bad = 1;
	  break;
	}
    }

  if (bad || data > end)
    error (_("Corrupted DWARF2 expression for \"%s\"."),
	   SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));
}

/* Print a natural-language description of SYMBOL to STREAM.  This
   version is for a symbol with a single location.  */

static void
locexpr_describe_location (struct symbol *symbol, CORE_ADDR addr,
			   struct ui_file *stream)
{
  struct dwarf2_locexpr_baton *dlbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (symbol);
  struct objfile *objfile = dwarf2_per_cu_objfile (dlbaton->per_cu);
  unsigned int addr_size = dwarf2_per_cu_addr_size (dlbaton->per_cu);

  locexpr_describe_location_1 (symbol, addr, stream, dlbaton->data, dlbaton->size,
			       objfile, addr_size);
}

/* Describe the location of SYMBOL as an agent value in VALUE, generating
   any necessary bytecode in AX.  */

static void
locexpr_tracepoint_var_ref (struct symbol *symbol, struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
			    struct agent_expr *ax, struct axs_value *value)
{
  struct dwarf2_locexpr_baton *dlbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (symbol);

  dwarf2_tracepoint_var_ref (symbol, gdbarch, ax, value,
			     dlbaton->data, dlbaton->size);
}

/* The set of location functions used with the DWARF-2 expression
   evaluator.  */
const struct symbol_computed_ops dwarf2_locexpr_funcs = {
  locexpr_read_variable,
  locexpr_read_needs_frame,
  locexpr_describe_location,
  locexpr_tracepoint_var_ref
};


/* Wrapper functions for location lists.  These generally find
   the appropriate location expression and call something above.  */

/* Return the value of SYMBOL in FRAME using the DWARF-2 expression
   evaluator to calculate the location.  */
static struct value *
loclist_read_variable (struct symbol *symbol, struct frame_info *frame)
{
  struct dwarf2_loclist_baton *dlbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (symbol);
  struct value *val;
  gdb_byte *data;
  size_t size;

  data = find_location_expression (dlbaton, &size,
				   frame ? get_frame_address_in_block (frame)
				   : 0);
  if (data == NULL)
    {
      val = allocate_value (SYMBOL_TYPE (symbol));
      VALUE_LVAL (val) = not_lval;
      set_value_optimized_out (val, 1);
    }
  else
    val = dwarf2_evaluate_loc_desc (symbol, frame, data, size,
				    dlbaton->per_cu);

  return val;
}

/* Return non-zero iff we need a frame to evaluate SYMBOL.  */
static int
loclist_read_needs_frame (struct symbol *symbol)
{
  /* If there's a location list, then assume we need to have a frame
     to choose the appropriate location expression.  With tracking of
     global variables this is not necessarily true, but such tracking
     is disabled in GCC at the moment until we figure out how to
     represent it.  */

  return 1;
}

/* Print a natural-language description of SYMBOL to STREAM.  This
   version applies when there is a list of different locations, each
   with a specified address range.  */

static void
loclist_describe_location (struct symbol *symbol, CORE_ADDR addr,
			   struct ui_file *stream)
{
  struct dwarf2_loclist_baton *dlbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (symbol);
  CORE_ADDR low, high;
  gdb_byte *loc_ptr, *buf_end;
  int length, first = 1;
  struct objfile *objfile = dwarf2_per_cu_objfile (dlbaton->per_cu);
  struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_objfile_arch (objfile);
  enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch);
  unsigned int addr_size = dwarf2_per_cu_addr_size (dlbaton->per_cu);
  CORE_ADDR base_mask = ~(~(CORE_ADDR)1 << (addr_size * 8 - 1));
  /* Adjust base_address for relocatable objects.  */
  CORE_ADDR base_offset = ANOFFSET (objfile->section_offsets,
				    SECT_OFF_TEXT (objfile));
  CORE_ADDR base_address = dlbaton->base_address + base_offset;

  loc_ptr = dlbaton->data;
  buf_end = dlbaton->data + dlbaton->size;

  fprintf_filtered (stream, _("multi-location ("));

  /* Iterate through locations until we run out.  */
  while (1)
    {
      if (buf_end - loc_ptr < 2 * addr_size)
	error (_("Corrupted DWARF expression for symbol \"%s\"."),
	       SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (symbol));

      low = extract_unsigned_integer (loc_ptr, addr_size, byte_order);
      loc_ptr += addr_size;

      /* A base-address-selection entry.  */
      if (low == base_mask)
	{
	  base_address = dwarf2_read_address (gdbarch,
					      loc_ptr, buf_end, addr_size);
	  fprintf_filtered (stream, _("[base address %s]"),
			    paddress (gdbarch, base_address));
	  loc_ptr += addr_size;
	  continue;
	}

      high = extract_unsigned_integer (loc_ptr, addr_size, byte_order);
      loc_ptr += addr_size;

      /* An end-of-list entry.  */
      if (low == 0 && high == 0)
	{
	  /* Indicate the end of the list, for readability.  */
	  fprintf_filtered (stream, _(")"));
	  return;
	}

      /* Otherwise, a location expression entry.  */
      low += base_address;
      high += base_address;

      length = extract_unsigned_integer (loc_ptr, 2, byte_order);
      loc_ptr += 2;

      /* Separate the different locations with a semicolon.  */
      if (first)
	first = 0;
      else
	fprintf_filtered (stream, _("; "));

      /* (It would improve readability to print only the minimum
	 necessary digits of the second number of the range.)  */
      fprintf_filtered (stream, _("range %s-%s, "),
			paddress (gdbarch, low), paddress (gdbarch, high));

      /* Now describe this particular location.  */
      locexpr_describe_location_1 (symbol, low, stream, loc_ptr, length,
				   objfile, addr_size);

      loc_ptr += length;
    }
}

/* Describe the location of SYMBOL as an agent value in VALUE, generating
   any necessary bytecode in AX.  */
static void
loclist_tracepoint_var_ref (struct symbol *symbol, struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
			    struct agent_expr *ax, struct axs_value *value)
{
  struct dwarf2_loclist_baton *dlbaton = SYMBOL_LOCATION_BATON (symbol);
  gdb_byte *data;
  size_t size;

  data = find_location_expression (dlbaton, &size, ax->scope);

  dwarf2_tracepoint_var_ref (symbol, gdbarch, ax, value, data, size);
}

/* The set of location functions used with the DWARF-2 expression
   evaluator and location lists.  */
const struct symbol_computed_ops dwarf2_loclist_funcs = {
  loclist_read_variable,
  loclist_read_needs_frame,
  loclist_describe_location,
  loclist_tracepoint_var_ref
};