binutils-gdb/gas/doc/c-sh.texi
Nick Clifton 8e45593ff3 2010-05-21 Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@codesourcery.com>
Joseph Myers  <joseph@codesourcery.com>
            Andrew Stubbs  <ams@codesourcery.com>

        bfd/
        * config.bfd (sh-*-uclinux* | sh[12]-*-uclinux*): Add
        bfd_elf32_shl_vec, and FDPIC vectors to targ_selvecs.
        * configure.in: Handle FDPIC vectors.
        * elf32-sh-relocs.h: Add FDPIC and movi20 relocations.
        * elf32-sh.c (DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE): Define.
        (SYMBOL_FUNCDESC_LOCAL): Define.  Use it instead of
        SYMBOL_REFERENCES_LOCAL for function descriptors.
        (fdpic_object_p): New.
        (sh_reloc_map): Add FDPIC and movi20 relocations.
        (sh_elf_info_to_howto, sh_elf_relocate_section): Handle new invalid
        range.
        (struct elf_sh_plt_info): Add got20 and short_plt.  Update all
        definitions.
        (FDPIC_PLT_ENTRY_SIZE, FDPIC_PLT_LAZY_OFFSET): Define.
        (fdpic_sh_plt_entry_be, fdpic_sh_plt_entry_le, fdpic_sh_plts): New.
        (FDPIC_SH2A_PLT_ENTRY_SIZE, FDPIC_SH2A_PLT_LAZY_OFFSET): Define.
        (fdpic_sh2a_plt_entry_be, fdpic_sh2a_plt_entry_le)
        (fdpic_sh2a_short_plt_be, fdpic_sh2a_short_plt_le, fdpic_sh2a_plts):
        New.
        (get_plt_info): Handle FDPIC.
        (MAX_SHORT_PLT): Define.
        (get_plt_index, get_plt_offset): Handle short_plt.
        (union gotref): New.
        (struct elf_sh_link_hash_entry): Add funcdesc, rename tls_type to
        got_type and adjust all uses.  Add GOT_FUNCDESC.
        (struct sh_elf_obj_tdata): Add local_funcdesc.  Rename
        local_got_tls_type to local_got_type.
        (sh_elf_local_got_type): Renamed from sh_elf_local_got_tls_type.  All
        users changed.
        (sh_elf_local_funcdesc): Define.
        (struct elf_sh_link_hash_table): Add sfuncdesc, srelfuncdesc, fdpic_p,
        and srofixup.
        (sh_elf_link_hash_newfunc): Initialize new fields.
        (sh_elf_link_hash_table_create): Set fdpic_p.
        (sh_elf_omit_section_dynsym): New.
        (create_got_section): Create .got.funcdesc, .rela.got.funcdesc
        and .rofixup.
        (allocate_dynrelocs): Allocate local function descriptors and space
        for R_SH_FUNCDESC-related relocations, and for rofixups.
        Handle GOT_FUNCDESC.  Create fixups.  Handle GOT entries which
        require function descriptors.
        (sh_elf_always_size_sections): Handle PT_GNU_STACK and __stacksize.
        (sh_elf_modify_program_headers): New.
        (sh_elf_size_dynamic_sections): Allocate function descriptors for
        local symbols.  Allocate .got.funcdesc contents.  Allocate rofixups.
        Handle local GOT entries of type GOT_FUNCDESC.  Create fixups for
        local GOT entries.  Ensure that FDPIC libraries always have a PLTGOT
        entry in the .dynamic section.
        (sh_elf_add_dyn_reloc, sh_elf_got_offset, sh_elf_initialize_funcdesc)
        (sh_elf_add_rofixup, sh_elf_osec_to_segment)
        (sh_elf_osec_readonly_p, install_movi20_field): New functions.
        (sh_elf_relocate_section): Handle new relocations, R_SH_FUNCDESC,
        R_SH_GOTFUNCDESC and R_SH_GOTOFFFUNCDESC.  Use sh_elf_got_offset
        and .got.plt throughout to find _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_.  Add rofixup
        read-only section warnings.  Handle undefined weak symbols.  Generate
        fixups for R_SH_DIR32 and GOT entries.  Check for cross-segment
        relocations and clear EF_SH_PIC.  Handle 20-bit relocations.
        Always generate R_SH_DIR32 for FDPIC instead of R_SH_RELATIVE.
        (sh_elf_gc_sweep_hook): Handle R_SH_FUNCDESC, R_SH_GOTOFF20,
        R_SH_GOTFUNCDESC, R_SH_GOTFUNCDESC20, and R_SH_GOTOFFFUNCDESC.
        Handle 20-bit relocations.
        (sh_elf_copy_indirect_symbol): Copy function descriptor reference
        counts.
        (sh_elf_check_relocs): Handle new relocations.  Make symbols
        dynamic for FDPIC relocs.  Account for rofixups.  Error for FDPIC
        symbol mismatches.  Allocate a GOT for R_SH_DIR32. Allocate fixups
        for R_SH_DIR32.
        (sh_elf_copy_private_data): Copy PT_GNU_STACK size.
        (sh_elf_merge_private_data): Copy initial flags.  Do not clobber
        non-mach flags.  Set EF_SH_PIC for FDPIC.  Reject FDPIC mismatches.
        (sh_elf_finish_dynamic_symbol): Do not handle got_funcdesc entries
        here.  Rename sgot to sgotplt and srel to srelplt.  Handle short_plt,
        FDPIC descriptors, and got20.  Create R_SH_FUNCDESC_VALUE for FDPIC.
        Use install_movi20_field.  Rename srel to srelgot.  Always generate
        R_SH_DIR32 for FDPIC instead of R_SH_RELATIVE.
        (sh_elf_finish_dynamic_sections): Fill in the GOT pointer in rofixup.
        Do not fill in reserved GOT entries for FDPIC.  Correct DT_PLTGOT.
        Rename sgot to sgotplt.  Assert that the right number of rofixups
        and dynamic relocations were allocated.
        (sh_elf_use_relative_eh_frame, sh_elf_encode_eh_address): New.
        (elf_backend_omit_section_dynsym): Use sh_elf_omit_section_dynsym.
        (elf_backend_can_make_relative_eh_frame)
        (elf_backend_can_make_lsda_relative_eh_frame)
        (elf_backend_encode_eh_address): Define.
        (TARGET_BIG_SYM, TARGET_BIG_NAME, TARGET_LITTLE_SYM)
        (TARGET_LITTLE_NAME, elf_backend_modify_program_headers, elf32_bed):
        Redefine for FDPIC vector.
        * reloc.c: Add SH FDPIC and movi20 relocations.
        * targets.c (_bfd_target_vector): Add FDPIC vectors.
        * configure, bfd-in2.h, libbfd.h: Regenerated.

        binutils/
        * readelf.c (get_machine_flags): Handle EF_SH_PIC and EF_SH_FDPIC.

        gas/
        * config/tc-sh.c (sh_fdpic): New.
        (sh_check_fixup): Handle relocations on movi20.
        (parse_exp): Do not reject PIC operators here.
        (build_Mytes): Check for unhandled PIC operators here.  Use
        sh_check_fixup for movi20.
        (enum options): Add OPTION_FDPIC.
        (md_longopts, md_parse_option, md_show_usage): Add --fdpic.
        (sh_fix_adjustable, md_apply_fix): Handle FDPIC and movi20 relocations.
        (sh_elf_final_processing): Handle --fdpic.
        (sh_uclinux_target_format): New.
        (sh_parse_name): Handle FDPIC relocation operators.
        * config/tc-sh.h (TARGET_FORMAT): Define specially for TE_UCLINUX.
        (sh_uclinux_target_format): Declare for TE_UCLINUX.
        * configure.tgt (sh-*-uclinux* | sh[12]-*-uclinux*): Set
        em=uclinux.
        * doc/c-sh.texi (SH Options): Document --fdpic.

        gas/testsuite/
        * gas/sh/basic.exp: Run new tests.  Handle uClinux like Linux.
        * gas/sh/fdpic.d: New file.
        * gas/sh/fdpic.s: New file.
        * gas/sh/reg-prefix.d: Force big-endian.
        * gas/sh/sh2a-pic.d: New file.
        * gas/sh/sh2a-pic.s: New file.
        * lib/gas-defs.exp (is_elf_format): Include sh*-*-uclinux*.

        include/elf/
        * sh.h (EF_SH_PIC, EF_SH_FDPIC): Define.
        (R_SH_FIRST_INVALID_RELOC_6, R_SH_LAST_INVALID_RELOC_6): New.  Adjust
        other invalid ranges.
        (R_SH_GOT20, R_SH_GOTOFF20, R_SH_GOTFUNCDESC, R_SH_GOTFUNCDESC20)
        (R_SH_GOTOFFFUNCDESC, R_SH_GOTOFFFUNCDESC20, R_SH_FUNCDESC)
        (R_SH_FUNCDESC_VALUE): New.

        ld/
        * Makefile.am (ALL_EMULATIONS): Add eshelf_fd.o and eshlelf_fd.o.
        (eshelf_fd.c, eshlelf_fd.c): New rules.
        * Makefile.in: Regenerate.
        * configure.tgt (sh-*-uclinux*): Add shelf_fd and shlelf_fd
        emulations.
        * emulparams/shelf_fd.sh: New file.
        * emulparams/shlelf_fd.sh: New file.
        * emulparams/shlelf_linux.sh: Update comment.

        ld/testsuite/
        * ld-sh/sh.exp: Handle uClinux like Linux.
        * lib/ld-lib.exp (is_elf_format): Include sh*-*-uclinux*.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-funcdesc-shared.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-funcdesc-shared.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-funcdesc-static.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-funcdesc-static.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesc-shared.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesc-shared.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesc-static.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesc-static.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesci20-shared.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesci20-shared.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesci20-static.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotfuncdesci20-static.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-goti20-shared.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-goti20-shared.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-goti20-static.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-goti20-static.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesc-shared.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesc-shared.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesc-static.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesc-static.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesci20-shared.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesci20-shared.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesci20-static.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotofffuncdesci20-static.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotoffi20-shared.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotoffi20-shared.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotoffi20-static.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-gotoffi20-static.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-plt-be.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-plt-le.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-plt.s: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-plti20-be.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-plti20-le.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-stack-default.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-stack-size.d: New file.
        * ld-sh/fdpic-stack.s: New file.
2010-05-25 14:12:43 +00:00

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@c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2004,
@c 2005, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c This is part of the GAS manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
@page
@node SH-Dependent
@chapter Renesas / SuperH SH Dependent Features
@cindex SH support
@menu
* SH Options:: Options
* SH Syntax:: Syntax
* SH Floating Point:: Floating Point
* SH Directives:: SH Machine Directives
* SH Opcodes:: Opcodes
@end menu
@node SH Options
@section Options
@cindex SH options
@cindex options, SH
@code{@value{AS}} has following command-line options for the Renesas
(formerly Hitachi) / SuperH SH family.
@table @code
@kindex --little
@kindex --big
@kindex --relax
@kindex --small
@kindex --dsp
@kindex --renesas
@kindex --allow-reg-prefix
@item --little
Generate little endian code.
@item --big
Generate big endian code.
@item --relax
Alter jump instructions for long displacements.
@item --small
Align sections to 4 byte boundaries, not 16.
@item --dsp
Enable sh-dsp insns, and disable sh3e / sh4 insns.
@item --renesas
Disable optimization with section symbol for compatibility with
Renesas assembler.
@item --allow-reg-prefix
Allow '$' as a register name prefix.
@kindex --fdpic
@item --fdpic
Generate an FDPIC object file.
@item --isa=sh4 | sh4a
Specify the sh4 or sh4a instruction set.
@item --isa=dsp
Enable sh-dsp insns, and disable sh3e / sh4 insns.
@item --isa=fp
Enable sh2e, sh3e, sh4, and sh4a insn sets.
@item --isa=all
Enable sh1, sh2, sh2e, sh3, sh3e, sh4, sh4a, and sh-dsp insn sets.
@item -h-tick-hex
Support H'00 style hex constants in addition to 0x00 style.
@end table
@node SH Syntax
@section Syntax
@menu
* SH-Chars:: Special Characters
* SH-Regs:: Register Names
* SH-Addressing:: Addressing Modes
@end menu
@node SH-Chars
@subsection Special Characters
@cindex line comment character, SH
@cindex SH line comment character
@samp{!} is the line comment character.
@cindex line separator, SH
@cindex statement separator, SH
@cindex SH line separator
You can use @samp{;} instead of a newline to separate statements.
@cindex symbol names, @samp{$} in
@cindex @code{$} in symbol names
Since @samp{$} has no special meaning, you may use it in symbol names.
@node SH-Regs
@subsection Register Names
@cindex SH registers
@cindex registers, SH
You can use the predefined symbols @samp{r0}, @samp{r1}, @samp{r2},
@samp{r3}, @samp{r4}, @samp{r5}, @samp{r6}, @samp{r7}, @samp{r8},
@samp{r9}, @samp{r10}, @samp{r11}, @samp{r12}, @samp{r13}, @samp{r14},
and @samp{r15} to refer to the SH registers.
The SH also has these control registers:
@table @code
@item pr
procedure register (holds return address)
@item pc
program counter
@item mach
@itemx macl
high and low multiply accumulator registers
@item sr
status register
@item gbr
global base register
@item vbr
vector base register (for interrupt vectors)
@end table
@node SH-Addressing
@subsection Addressing Modes
@cindex addressing modes, SH
@cindex SH addressing modes
@code{@value{AS}} understands the following addressing modes for the SH.
@code{R@var{n}} in the following refers to any of the numbered
registers, but @emph{not} the control registers.
@table @code
@item R@var{n}
Register direct
@item @@R@var{n}
Register indirect
@item @@-R@var{n}
Register indirect with pre-decrement
@item @@R@var{n}+
Register indirect with post-increment
@item @@(@var{disp}, R@var{n})
Register indirect with displacement
@item @@(R0, R@var{n})
Register indexed
@item @@(@var{disp}, GBR)
@code{GBR} offset
@item @@(R0, GBR)
GBR indexed
@item @var{addr}
@itemx @@(@var{disp}, PC)
PC relative address (for branch or for addressing memory). The
@code{@value{AS}} implementation allows you to use the simpler form
@var{addr} anywhere a PC relative address is called for; the alternate
form is supported for compatibility with other assemblers.
@item #@var{imm}
Immediate data
@end table
@node SH Floating Point
@section Floating Point
@cindex floating point, SH (@sc{ieee})
@cindex SH floating point (@sc{ieee})
SH2E, SH3E and SH4 groups have on-chip floating-point unit (FPU). Other
SH groups can use @code{.float} directive to generate @sc{ieee}
floating-point numbers.
SH2E and SH3E support single-precision floating point calculations as
well as entirely PCAPI compatible emulation of double-precision
floating point calculations. SH2E and SH3E instructions are a subset of
the floating point calculations conforming to the IEEE754 standard.
In addition to single-precision and double-precision floating-point
operation capability, the on-chip FPU of SH4 has a 128-bit graphic
engine that enables 32-bit floating-point data to be processed 128
bits at a time. It also supports 4 * 4 array operations and inner
product operations. Also, a superscalar architecture is employed that
enables simultaneous execution of two instructions (including FPU
instructions), providing performance of up to twice that of
conventional architectures at the same frequency.
@node SH Directives
@section SH Machine Directives
@cindex SH machine directives
@cindex machine directives, SH
@cindex @code{uaword} directive, SH
@cindex @code{ualong} directive, SH
@table @code
@item uaword
@itemx ualong
@code{@value{AS}} will issue a warning when a misaligned @code{.word} or
@code{.long} directive is used. You may use @code{.uaword} or
@code{.ualong} to indicate that the value is intentionally misaligned.
@end table
@node SH Opcodes
@section Opcodes
@cindex SH opcode summary
@cindex opcode summary, SH
@cindex mnemonics, SH
@cindex instruction summary, SH
For detailed information on the SH machine instruction set, see
@cite{SH-Microcomputer User's Manual} (Renesas) or
@cite{SH-4 32-bit CPU Core Architecture} (SuperH) and
@cite{SuperH (SH) 64-Bit RISC Series} (SuperH).
@code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard SH opcodes. No additional
pseudo-instructions are needed on this family. Note, however, that
because @code{@value{AS}} supports a simpler form of PC-relative
addressing, you may simply write (for example)
@example
mov.l bar,r0
@end example
@noindent
where other assemblers might require an explicit displacement to
@code{bar} from the program counter:
@example
mov.l @@(@var{disp}, PC)
@end example
@ifset SMALL
@c this table, due to the multi-col faking and hardcoded order, looks silly
@c except in smallbook. See comments below "@set SMALL" near top of this file.
Here is a summary of SH opcodes:
@page
@smallexample
@i{Legend:}
Rn @r{a numbered register}
Rm @r{another numbered register}
#imm @r{immediate data}
disp @r{displacement}
disp8 @r{8-bit displacement}
disp12 @r{12-bit displacement}
add #imm,Rn lds.l @@Rn+,PR
add Rm,Rn mac.w @@Rm+,@@Rn+
addc Rm,Rn mov #imm,Rn
addv Rm,Rn mov Rm,Rn
and #imm,R0 mov.b Rm,@@(R0,Rn)
and Rm,Rn mov.b Rm,@@-Rn
and.b #imm,@@(R0,GBR) mov.b Rm,@@Rn
bf disp8 mov.b @@(disp,Rm),R0
bra disp12 mov.b @@(disp,GBR),R0
bsr disp12 mov.b @@(R0,Rm),Rn
bt disp8 mov.b @@Rm+,Rn
clrmac mov.b @@Rm,Rn
clrt mov.b R0,@@(disp,Rm)
cmp/eq #imm,R0 mov.b R0,@@(disp,GBR)
cmp/eq Rm,Rn mov.l Rm,@@(disp,Rn)
cmp/ge Rm,Rn mov.l Rm,@@(R0,Rn)
cmp/gt Rm,Rn mov.l Rm,@@-Rn
cmp/hi Rm,Rn mov.l Rm,@@Rn
cmp/hs Rm,Rn mov.l @@(disp,Rn),Rm
cmp/pl Rn mov.l @@(disp,GBR),R0
cmp/pz Rn mov.l @@(disp,PC),Rn
cmp/str Rm,Rn mov.l @@(R0,Rm),Rn
div0s Rm,Rn mov.l @@Rm+,Rn
div0u mov.l @@Rm,Rn
div1 Rm,Rn mov.l R0,@@(disp,GBR)
exts.b Rm,Rn mov.w Rm,@@(R0,Rn)
exts.w Rm,Rn mov.w Rm,@@-Rn
extu.b Rm,Rn mov.w Rm,@@Rn
extu.w Rm,Rn mov.w @@(disp,Rm),R0
jmp @@Rn mov.w @@(disp,GBR),R0
jsr @@Rn mov.w @@(disp,PC),Rn
ldc Rn,GBR mov.w @@(R0,Rm),Rn
ldc Rn,SR mov.w @@Rm+,Rn
ldc Rn,VBR mov.w @@Rm,Rn
ldc.l @@Rn+,GBR mov.w R0,@@(disp,Rm)
ldc.l @@Rn+,SR mov.w R0,@@(disp,GBR)
ldc.l @@Rn+,VBR mova @@(disp,PC),R0
lds Rn,MACH movt Rn
lds Rn,MACL muls Rm,Rn
lds Rn,PR mulu Rm,Rn
lds.l @@Rn+,MACH neg Rm,Rn
lds.l @@Rn+,MACL negc Rm,Rn
@page
nop stc VBR,Rn
not Rm,Rn stc.l GBR,@@-Rn
or #imm,R0 stc.l SR,@@-Rn
or Rm,Rn stc.l VBR,@@-Rn
or.b #imm,@@(R0,GBR) sts MACH,Rn
rotcl Rn sts MACL,Rn
rotcr Rn sts PR,Rn
rotl Rn sts.l MACH,@@-Rn
rotr Rn sts.l MACL,@@-Rn
rte sts.l PR,@@-Rn
rts sub Rm,Rn
sett subc Rm,Rn
shal Rn subv Rm,Rn
shar Rn swap.b Rm,Rn
shll Rn swap.w Rm,Rn
shll16 Rn tas.b @@Rn
shll2 Rn trapa #imm
shll8 Rn tst #imm,R0
shlr Rn tst Rm,Rn
shlr16 Rn tst.b #imm,@@(R0,GBR)
shlr2 Rn xor #imm,R0
shlr8 Rn xor Rm,Rn
sleep xor.b #imm,@@(R0,GBR)
stc GBR,Rn xtrct Rm,Rn
stc SR,Rn
@end smallexample
@end ifset
@ifset Renesas-all
@ifclear GENERIC
@raisesections
@end ifclear
@end ifset