314 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
314 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename libiberty.info
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@settitle @sc{gnu} libiberty
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@c %**end of header
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@syncodeindex fn cp
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@syncodeindex vr cp
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@syncodeindex pg cp
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@finalout
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@c %**end of header
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@dircategory GNU libraries
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@direntry
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* Libiberty: (libiberty). Library of utility functions which
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are missing or broken on some systems.
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@end direntry
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@macro libib
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@code{libiberty}
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@end macro
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@ifinfo
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This manual describes the GNU @libib library of utility subroutines.
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Copyright @copyright{} 2001-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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@ignore
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Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
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results, provided the printed document carries a copying permission
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notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
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(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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@end ignore
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@end ifinfo
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@titlepage
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@title @sc{gnu} libiberty
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@author Phil Edwards et al.
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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Copyright @copyright{} 2001-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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@end titlepage
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@contents
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@page
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@ifnottex
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@node Top,Using,,
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@top Introduction
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The @libib{} library is a collection of subroutines used by various
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GNU programs. It is available under the Library General Public
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License; for more information, see @ref{Library Copying}.
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@end ifnottex
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@menu
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* Using:: How to use libiberty in your code.
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* Overview:: Overview of available function groups.
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* Functions:: Available functions, macros, and global variables.
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* Licenses:: The various licenses under which libiberty sources are
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distributed.
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* Index:: Index of functions and categories.
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@end menu
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@node Using
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@chapter Using
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@cindex using libiberty
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@cindex libiberty usage
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@cindex how to use
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@c THIS SECTION IS CRAP AND NEEDS REWRITING BADLY.
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To date, @libib{} is generally not installed on its own. It has evolved
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over years but does not have its own version number nor release schedule.
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Possibly the easiest way to use @libib{} in your projects is to drop the
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@libib{} code into your project's sources, and to build the library along
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with your own sources; the library would then be linked in at the end. This
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prevents any possible version mismatches with other copies of libiberty
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elsewhere on the system.
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Passing @option{--enable-install-libiberty} to the @command{configure}
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script when building @libib{} causes the header files and archive library
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to be installed when @kbd{make install} is run. This option also takes
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an (optional) argument to specify the installation location, in the same
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manner as @option{--prefix}.
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For your own projects, an approach which offers stability and flexibility
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is to include @libib{} with your code, but allow the end user to optionally
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choose to use a previously-installed version instead. In this way the
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user may choose (for example) to install @libib{} as part of GCC, and use
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that version for all software built with that compiler. (This approach
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has proven useful with software using the GNU @code{readline} library.)
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Making use of @libib{} code usually requires that you include one or more
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header files from the @libib{} distribution. (They will be named as
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necessary in the function descriptions.) At link time, you will need to
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add @option{-liberty} to your link command invocation.
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@node Overview
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@chapter Overview
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Functions contained in @libib{} can be divided into three general categories.
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@menu
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* Supplemental Functions:: Providing functions which don't exist
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on older operating systems.
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* Replacement Functions:: These functions are sometimes buggy or
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unpredictable on some operating systems.
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* Extensions:: Functions which provide useful extensions
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or safety wrappers around existing code.
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@end menu
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@node Supplemental Functions
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@section Supplemental Functions
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@cindex supplemental functions
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@cindex functions, supplemental
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@cindex functions, missing
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Certain operating systems do not provide functions which have since
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become standardized, or at least common. For example, the Single
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Unix Specification Version 2 requires that the @code{basename}
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function be provided, but an OS which predates that specification
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might not have this function. This should not prevent well-written
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code from running on such a system.
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Similarly, some functions exist only among a particular ``flavor''
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or ``family'' of operating systems. As an example, the @code{bzero}
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function is often not present on systems outside the BSD-derived
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family of systems.
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Many such functions are provided in @libib{}. They are quickly
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listed here with little description, as systems which lack them
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become less and less common. Each function @var{foo} is implemented
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in @file{@var{foo}.c} but not declared in any @libib{} header file; more
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comments and caveats for each function's implementation are often
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available in the source file. Generally, the function can simply
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be declared as @code{extern}.
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@node Replacement Functions
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@section Replacement Functions
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@cindex replacement functions
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@cindex functions, replacement
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Some functions have extremely limited implementations on different
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platforms. Other functions are tedious to use correctly; for example,
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proper use of @code{malloc} calls for the return value to be checked and
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appropriate action taken if memory has been exhausted. A group of
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``replacement functions'' is available in @libib{} to address these issues
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for some of the most commonly used subroutines.
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All of these functions are declared in the @file{libiberty.h} header
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file. Many of the implementations will use preprocessor macros set by
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GNU Autoconf, if you decide to make use of that program. Some of these
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functions may call one another.
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@menu
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* Memory Allocation:: Testing and handling failed memory
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requests automatically.
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* Exit Handlers:: Calling routines on program exit.
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* Error Reporting:: Mapping errno and signal numbers to
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more useful string formats.
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@end menu
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@node Memory Allocation
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@subsection Memory Allocation
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@cindex memory allocation
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The functions beginning with the letter @samp{x} are wrappers around
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standard functions; the functions provided by the system environment
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are called and their results checked before the results are passed back
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to client code. If the standard functions fail, these wrappers will
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terminate the program. Thus, these versions can be used with impunity.
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@node Exit Handlers
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@subsection Exit Handlers
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@cindex exit handlers
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The existence and implementation of the @code{atexit} routine varies
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amongst the flavors of Unix. @libib{} provides an unvarying dependable
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implementation via @code{xatexit} and @code{xexit}.
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@node Error Reporting
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@subsection Error Reporting
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@cindex error reporting
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These are a set of routines to facilitate programming with the system
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@code{errno} interface. The @libib{} source file @file{strerror.c}
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contains a good deal of documentation for these functions.
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@c signal stuff
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@node Extensions
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@section Extensions
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@cindex extensions
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@cindex functions, extension
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@libib{} includes additional functionality above and beyond standard
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functions, which has proven generically useful in GNU programs, such as
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obstacks and regex. These functions are often copied from other
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projects as they gain popularity, and are included here to provide a
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central location from which to use, maintain, and distribute them.
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@menu
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* Obstacks:: Stacks of arbitrary objects.
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@end menu
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@c This is generated from the glibc manual using contrib/make-obstacks-texi.pl
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@include obstacks.texi
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@node Functions
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@chapter Function, Variable, and Macro Listing.
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@include functions.texi
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@node Licenses
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@appendix Licenses
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@menu
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* Library Copying:: The GNU Library General Public License
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* BSD:: Regents of the University of California
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@end menu
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@c This takes care of Library Copying. It is the copying-lib.texi from the
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@c GNU web site, with its @node line altered to make makeinfo shut up.
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@include copying-lib.texi
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@page
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@node BSD
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@appendixsec BSD
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Copyright @copyright{} 1990 Regents of the University of California.
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All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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are met:
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@enumerate
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@item
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Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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@item
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Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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@item
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[rescinded 22 July 1999]
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@item
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Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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without specific prior written permission.
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@end enumerate
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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SUCH DAMAGE.
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@node Index
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@unnumbered Index
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@printindex cp
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@bye
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