387 lines
15 KiB
Groff
387 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.02
|
|
.\" Wed May 30 12:24:26 2001
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Standard preamble:
|
|
.\" ======================================================================
|
|
.de Sh \" Subsection heading
|
|
.br
|
|
.if t .Sp
|
|
.ne 5
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fB\\$1\fR
|
|
.PP
|
|
..
|
|
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
|
|
.if t .sp .5v
|
|
.if n .sp
|
|
..
|
|
.de Ip \" List item
|
|
.br
|
|
.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3
|
|
.el .ne 3
|
|
.IP "\\$1" \\$2
|
|
..
|
|
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ne \\$1
|
|
..
|
|
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
|
|
.ft R
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
..
|
|
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
|
|
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
|
|
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a
|
|
.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used
|
|
.\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and
|
|
.\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>
|
|
.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
|
|
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
|
|
.ie n \{\
|
|
. ds -- \(*W-
|
|
. ds PI pi
|
|
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
|
|
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
|
|
. ds L" ""
|
|
. ds R" ""
|
|
. ds C` `
|
|
. ds C' '
|
|
'br\}
|
|
.el\{\
|
|
. ds -- \|\(em\|
|
|
. ds PI \(*p
|
|
. ds L" ``
|
|
. ds R" ''
|
|
'br\}
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr
|
|
.\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and
|
|
.\" index entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process
|
|
.\" the output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
|
|
.if \nF \{\
|
|
. de IX
|
|
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
|
|
. .
|
|
. nr % 0
|
|
. rr F
|
|
.\}
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it
|
|
.\" makes way too many mistakes in technical documents.
|
|
.hy 0
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
|
|
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
|
|
.bd B 3
|
|
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
|
|
.if n \{\
|
|
. ds #H 0
|
|
. ds #V .8m
|
|
. ds #F .3m
|
|
. ds #[ \f1
|
|
. ds #] \fP
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if t \{\
|
|
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
|
|
. ds #V .6m
|
|
. ds #F 0
|
|
. ds #[ \&
|
|
. ds #] \&
|
|
.\}
|
|
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
|
|
.if n \{\
|
|
. ds ' \&
|
|
. ds ` \&
|
|
. ds ^ \&
|
|
. ds , \&
|
|
. ds ~ ~
|
|
. ds /
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if t \{\
|
|
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
|
|
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
.\}
|
|
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
|
|
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
|
|
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
|
|
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
|
|
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
|
|
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
|
|
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
|
|
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
|
|
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
|
|
. \" corrections for vroff
|
|
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
|
|
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
|
|
\{\
|
|
. ds : e
|
|
. ds 8 ss
|
|
. ds o a
|
|
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
|
|
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
|
|
. ds th \o'bp'
|
|
. ds Th \o'LP'
|
|
. ds ae ae
|
|
. ds Ae AE
|
|
.\}
|
|
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
|
|
.\" ======================================================================
|
|
.\"
|
|
.IX Title "AR.1 1"
|
|
.TH AR.1 1 "binutils-2.11.90" "2001-05-30" "GNU"
|
|
.UC
|
|
.SH "NAME"
|
|
ar \- create, modify, and extract from archives
|
|
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
|
|
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
|
|
ar [\-X32_64] [\-]\fIp\fR[\fImod\fR [\fIrelpos\fR] [\fIcount\fR]] \fIarchive\fR [\fImember\fR...]
|
|
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
|
|
The \s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR program creates, modifies, and extracts from
|
|
archives. An \fIarchive\fR is a single file holding a collection of
|
|
other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
|
|
the original individual files (called \fImembers\fR of the archive).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
|
|
group are preserved in the archive, and can be restored on
|
|
extraction.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR can maintain archives whose members have names of any
|
|
length; however, depending on how \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR is configured on your
|
|
system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility
|
|
with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the
|
|
limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
|
|
characters (typical of formats related to coff).
|
|
.PP
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
|
|
are most often used as \fIlibraries\fR holding commonly needed
|
|
subroutines.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR creates an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
|
|
object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier \fBs\fR.
|
|
Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR
|
|
makes a change to its contents (save for the \fBq\fR update operation).
|
|
An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
|
|
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
|
|
their placement in the archive.
|
|
.PP
|
|
You may use \fBnm \-s\fR or \fBnm \-\-print-armap\fR to list this index
|
|
table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR called
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`ranlib\*(C'\fR can be used to add just the table.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR is designed to be compatible with two different
|
|
facilities. You can control its activity using command-line options,
|
|
like the different varieties of \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR on Unix systems; or, if you
|
|
specify the single command-line option \fB\-M\fR, you can control it
|
|
with a script supplied via standard input, like the \s-1MRI\s0 ``librarian''
|
|
program.
|
|
.SH "OPTIONS"
|
|
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
|
|
\&\s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR allows you to mix the operation code \fIp\fR and modifier
|
|
flags \fImod\fR in any order, within the first command-line argument.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
|
|
dash.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fIp\fR keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
|
|
any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`d\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "d"
|
|
\&\fIDelete\fR modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
|
|
be deleted as \fImember\fR...; the archive is untouched if you
|
|
specify no files to delete.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If you specify the \fBv\fR modifier, \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR lists each module
|
|
as it is deleted.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`m\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "m"
|
|
Use this operation to \fImove\fR members in an archive.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
|
|
programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
|
|
than one member.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If no modifiers are used with \f(CW\*(C`m\*(C'\fR, any members you name in the
|
|
\&\fImember\fR arguments are moved to the \fIend\fR of the archive;
|
|
you can use the \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR modifiers to move them to a
|
|
specified place instead.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`p\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "p"
|
|
\&\fIPrint\fR the specified members of the archive, to the standard
|
|
output file. If the \fBv\fR modifier is specified, show the member
|
|
name before copying its contents to standard output.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If you specify no \fImember\fR arguments, all the files in the archive are
|
|
printed.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`q\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "q"
|
|
\&\fIQuick append\fR; Historically, add the files \fImember\fR... to the end of
|
|
\&\fIarchive\fR, without checking for replacement.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
The modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, and \fBi\fR do \fInot\fR affect this
|
|
operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
The modifier \fBv\fR makes \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR list each file as it is appended.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
|
|
index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use \fBar s\fR or
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`ranlib\*(C'\fR explicitly to update the symbol table index.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the
|
|
index, so \s-1GNU\s0 ar implements \f(CW\*(C`q\*(C'\fR as a synonym for \f(CW\*(C`r\*(C'\fR.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`r\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "r"
|
|
Insert the files \fImember\fR... into \fIarchive\fR (with
|
|
\&\fIreplacement\fR). This operation differs from \fBq\fR in that any
|
|
previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being
|
|
added.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If one of the files named in \fImember\fR... does not exist, \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR
|
|
displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
|
|
of the archive matching that name.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
|
|
use one of the modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR to request
|
|
placement relative to some existing member.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
The modifier \fBv\fR used with this operation elicits a line of
|
|
output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters \fBa\fR or
|
|
\&\fBr\fR to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
|
|
deleted) or replaced.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`t\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "t"
|
|
Display a \fItable\fR listing the contents of \fIarchive\fR, or those
|
|
of the files listed in \fImember\fR... that are present in the
|
|
archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
|
|
see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
|
|
request that by also specifying the \fBv\fR modifier.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
|
|
are listed.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If there is more than one file with the same name (say, \fBfie\fR) in
|
|
an archive (say \fBb.a\fR), \fBar t b.a fie\fR lists only the
|
|
first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
|
|
listing\-\-\-in our example, \fBar t b.a\fR.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`x\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "x"
|
|
\&\fIExtract\fR members (named \fImember\fR) from the archive. You can
|
|
use the \fBv\fR modifier with this operation, to request that
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR list each name as it extracts it.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
|
|
are extracted.
|
|
.PP
|
|
A number of modifiers (\fImod\fR) may immediately follow the \fIp\fR
|
|
keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`a\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "a"
|
|
Add new files \fIafter\fR an existing member of the
|
|
archive. If you use the modifier \fBa\fR, the name of an existing archive
|
|
member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
|
|
\&\fIarchive\fR specification.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`b\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "b"
|
|
Add new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
|
|
archive. If you use the modifier \fBb\fR, the name of an existing archive
|
|
member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
|
|
\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBi\fR).
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`c\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "c"
|
|
\&\fICreate\fR the archive. The specified \fIarchive\fR is always
|
|
created if it did not exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
|
|
issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
|
|
using this modifier.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`f\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "f"
|
|
Truncate names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR will normally permit file
|
|
names of any length. This will cause it to create archives which are
|
|
not compatible with the native \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR program on some systems. If
|
|
this is a concern, the \fBf\fR modifier may be used to truncate file
|
|
names when putting them in the archive.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`i\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "i"
|
|
Insert new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
|
|
archive. If you use the modifier \fBi\fR, the name of an existing archive
|
|
member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
|
|
\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBb\fR).
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`l\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "l"
|
|
This modifier is accepted but not used.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`N\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "N"
|
|
Uses the \fIcount\fR parameter. This is used if there are multiple
|
|
entries in the archive with the same name. Extract or delete instance
|
|
\&\fIcount\fR of the given name from the archive.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`o\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "o"
|
|
Preserve the \fIoriginal\fR dates of members when extracting them. If
|
|
you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
|
|
are stamped with the time of extraction.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`P\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "P"
|
|
Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives
|
|
are not \s-1POSIX\s0 complaint), but other archive creators can. This option
|
|
will cause \s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR to match file names using a complete path
|
|
name, which can be convenient when extracting a single file from an
|
|
archive created by another tool.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "s"
|
|
Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
|
|
even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
|
|
flag either with any operation, or alone. Running \fBar s\fR on an
|
|
archive is equivalent to running \fBranlib\fR on it.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`S\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "S"
|
|
Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a
|
|
large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used
|
|
with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the
|
|
\&\fBS\fR modifier on the last execution of \fBar\fR, or you must run
|
|
\&\fBranlib\fR on the archive.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`u\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "u"
|
|
Normally, \fBar r\fR... inserts all files
|
|
listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \fIonly\fR those
|
|
of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
|
|
names, use this modifier. The \fBu\fR modifier is allowed only for the
|
|
operation \fBr\fR (replace). In particular, the combination \fBqu\fR is
|
|
not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
|
|
advantage from the operation \fBq\fR.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`v\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "v"
|
|
This modifier requests the \fIverbose\fR version of an operation. Many
|
|
operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
|
|
when the modifier \fBv\fR is appended.
|
|
.Ip "\f(CW\*(C`V\*(C'\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "V"
|
|
This modifier shows the version number of \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR ignores an initial option spelt \f(CW\*(C`\-X32_64\*(C'\fR, for
|
|
compatibility with \s-1AIX\s0. The behaviour produced by this option is the
|
|
default for \s-1GNU\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR. \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR does not support any of the other
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-X\*(C'\fR options; in particular, it does not support \f(CW\*(C`\-X32\*(C'\fR
|
|
which is the default for \s-1AIX\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ar\*(C'\fR.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\&\fInm\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
|
|
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
|
|
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
|
|
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
|