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binutils-gdb/bfd/reloc.c

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/* BFD support for handling relocation entries.
Copyright (C) 1990-1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written by Cygnus Support.
This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
/*
SECTION
Relocations
BFD maintains relocations in much the same was as it maintains
symbols; they are left alone until required, then read in
en-mass and traslated into an internal form. There is a common
routine <<bfd_perform_relocation>> which acts upon the
canonical form to to the actual fixup.
Note that relocations are maintained on a per section basis,
whilst symbols are maintained on a per BFD basis.
All a back end has to do to fit the BFD interface is to create
as many <<struct reloc_cache_entry>> as there are relocations
in a particuar section, and fill in the right bits:
@menu
@* typedef arelent::
@* howto manager::
@end menu
*/
#include "bfd.h"
#include "sysdep.h"
#include "libbfd.h"
#include "seclet.h"
/*
DOCDD
INODE
typedef arelent, howto manager, Relocations, Relocations
SUBSECTION
typedef arelent
This is the structure of a relocation entry:
CODE_FRAGMENT
.
.typedef enum bfd_reloc_status
.{
. {* No errors detected *}
. bfd_reloc_ok,
.
. {* The relocation was performed, but there was an overflow. *}
. bfd_reloc_overflow,
.
. {* The address to relocate was not within the section supplied*}
. bfd_reloc_outofrange,
.
. {* Used by special functions *}
. bfd_reloc_continue,
.
. {* Unused *}
. bfd_reloc_notsupported,
.
. {* Unsupported relocation size requested. *}
. bfd_reloc_other,
.
. {* The symbol to relocate against was undefined.*}
. bfd_reloc_undefined,
.
. {* The relocation was performed, but may not be ok - presently
. generated only when linking i960 coff files with i960 b.out
. symbols. *}
. bfd_reloc_dangerous
. }
. bfd_reloc_status_type;
.
.
.typedef struct reloc_cache_entry
.{
. {* A pointer into the canonical table of pointers *}
. struct symbol_cache_entry **sym_ptr_ptr;
.
. {* offset in section *}
. rawdata_offset address;
.
. {* addend for relocation value *}
. bfd_vma addend;
.
. {* Pointer to how to perform the required relocation *}
. CONST struct reloc_howto_struct *howto;
.
.} arelent;
*/
/*
DESCRIPTION
Here is a description of each of the fields within a relent:
o sym_ptr_ptr
The symbol table pointer points to a pointer to the symbol
associated with the relocation request. This would naturally
be the pointer into the table returned by the back end's
get_symtab action. @xref{Symbols}. The symbol is referenced
through a pointer to a pointer so that tools like the linker
can fix up all the symbols of the same name by modifying only
one pointer. The relocation routine looks in the symbol and
uses the base of the section the symbol is attached to and the
value of the symbol as the initial relocation offset. If the
symbol pointer is zero, then the section provided is looked up.
o address
The address field gives the offset in bytes from the base of
the section data which owns the relocation record to the first
byte of relocatable information. The actual data relocated
will be relative to this point - for example, a relocation
type which modifies the bottom two bytes of a four byte word
would not touch the first byte pointed to in a big endian
world.
o addend
The addend is a value provided by the back end to be added (!)
to the relocation offset. Its interpretation is dependent upon
the howto. For example, on the 68k the code:
| char foo[];
| main()
| {
| return foo[0x12345678];
| }
Could be compiled into:
| linkw fp,#-4
| moveb @@#12345678,d0
| extbl d0
| unlk fp
| rts
This could create a reloc pointing to foo, but leave the
offset in the data (something like)
|RELOCATION RECORDS FOR [.text]:
|offset type value
|00000006 32 _foo
|
|00000000 4e56 fffc ; linkw fp,#-4
|00000004 1039 1234 5678 ; moveb @@#12345678,d0
|0000000a 49c0 ; extbl d0
|0000000c 4e5e ; unlk fp
|0000000e 4e75 ; rts
Using coff and an 88k, some instructions don't have enough
space in them to represent the full address range, and
pointers have to be loaded in two parts. So you'd get something like:
| or.u r13,r0,hi16(_foo+0x12345678)
| ld.b r2,r13,lo16(_foo+0x12345678)
| jmp r1
This whould create two relocs, both pointing to _foo, and with
0x12340000 in their addend field. The data would consist of:
|RELOCATION RECORDS FOR [.text]:
|offset type value
|00000002 HVRT16 _foo+0x12340000
|00000006 LVRT16 _foo+0x12340000
|00000000 5da05678 ; or.u r13,r0,0x5678
|00000004 1c4d5678 ; ld.b r2,r13,0x5678
|00000008 f400c001 ; jmp r1
The relocation routine digs out the value from the data, adds
it to the addend to get the original offset and then adds the
value of _foo. Note that all 32 bits have to be kept around
somewhere, to cope with carry from bit 15 to bit 16.
On further example is the sparc and the a.out format. The
sparc has a similar problem to the 88k, in that some
instructions don't have room for an entire offset, but on the
sparc the parts are created odd sized lumps. The designers of
the a.out format chose not to use the data within the section
for storing part of the offset; all the offset is kept within
the reloc. Any thing in the data should be ignored.
| save %sp,-112,%sp
| sethi %hi(_foo+0x12345678),%g2
| ldsb [%g2+%lo(_foo+0x12345678)],%i0
| ret
| restore
Both relocs contains a pointer to foo, and the offsets would
contain junk.
|RELOCATION RECORDS FOR [.text]:
|offset type value
|00000004 HI22 _foo+0x12345678
|00000008 LO10 _foo+0x12345678
|00000000 9de3bf90 ; save %sp,-112,%sp
|00000004 05000000 ; sethi %hi(_foo+0),%g2
|00000008 f048a000 ; ldsb [%g2+%lo(_foo+0)],%i0
|0000000c 81c7e008 ; ret
|00000010 81e80000 ; restore
o howto
The howto field can be imagined as a
relocation instruction. It is a pointer to a struct which
contains information on what to do with all the other
information in the reloc record and data section. A back end
would normally have a relocation instruction set and turn
relocations into pointers to the correct structure on input -
but it would be possible to create each howto field on demand.
*/
/*
SUBSUBSECTION
<<reloc_howto_type>>
The <<reloc_howto_type>> is a structure which contains all the
information that BFD needs to know to tie up a back end's data.
CODE_FRAGMENT
.struct symbol_cache_entry; {* Forward declaration *}
.
.typedef CONST struct reloc_howto_struct
.{
. {* The type field has mainly a documetary use - the back end can
. to what it wants with it, though the normally the back end's
. external idea of what a reloc number would be would be stored
. in this field. For example, the a PC relative word relocation
. in a coff environment would have the type 023 - because that's
. what the outside world calls a R_PCRWORD reloc. *}
. unsigned int type;
.
. {* The value the final relocation is shifted right by. This drops
. unwanted data from the relocation. *}
. unsigned int rightshift;
.
. {* The size of the item to be relocated - 0, is one byte, 1 is 2
. bytes, 3 is four bytes. A -ve value indicates that the
. result is to be subtracted from the data*}
. int size;
.
. {* Now obsolete *}
. unsigned int bitsize;
.
. {* Notes that the relocation is relative to the location in the
. data section of the addend. The relocation function will
. subtract from the relocation value the address of the location
. being relocated. *}
. boolean pc_relative;
.
. {* Now obsolete *}
. unsigned int bitpos;
.
. {* Now obsolete *}
. boolean absolute;
.
. {* Causes the relocation routine to return an error if overflow
. is detected when relocating. *}
. boolean complain_on_overflow;
.
. {* If this field is non null, then the supplied function is
. called rather than the normal function. This allows really
. strange relocation methods to be accomodated (eg, i960 callj
. instructions). *}
. bfd_reloc_status_type (*special_function)
. PARAMS ((bfd *abfd,
. arelent *reloc_entry,
. struct symbol_cache_entry *symbol,
. PTR data,
. asection *input_section,
. bfd *output_bfd));
.
. {* The textual name of the relocation type. *}
. char *name;
.
. {* When performing a partial link, some formats must modify the
. relocations rather than the data - this flag signals this.*}
. boolean partial_inplace;
.
. {* The src_mask is used to select what parts of the read in data
. are to be used in the relocation sum. Eg, if this was an 8 bit
. bit of data which we read and relocated, this would be
. 0x000000ff. When we have relocs which have an addend, such as
. sun4 extended relocs, the value in the offset part of a
. relocating field is garbage so we never use it. In this case
. the mask would be 0x00000000. *}
. bfd_word src_mask;
.
. {* The dst_mask is what parts of the instruction are replaced
. into the instruction. In most cases src_mask == dst_mask,
. except in the above special case, where dst_mask would be
. 0x000000ff, and src_mask would be 0x00000000. *}
. bfd_word dst_mask;
.
. {* When some formats create PC relative instructions, they leave
. the value of the pc of the place being relocated in the offset
. slot of the instruction, so that a PC relative relocation can
. be made just by adding in an ordinary offset (eg sun3 a.out).
. Some formats leave the displacement part of an instruction
. empty (eg m88k bcs), this flag signals the fact.*}
. boolean pcrel_offset;
.
.} reloc_howto_type;
*/
/*
FUNCTION
the HOWTO macro
DESCRIPTION
The HOWTO define is horrible and will go away.
.#define HOWTO(C, R,S,B, P, BI, ABS, O, SF, NAME, INPLACE, MASKSRC, MASKDST, PC) \
. {(unsigned)C,R,S,B, P, BI, ABS,O,SF,NAME,INPLACE,MASKSRC,MASKDST,PC}
DESCRIPTION
And will be replaced with the totally magic way. But for the
moment, we are compatible, so do it this way..
.#define NEWHOWTO( FUNCTION, NAME,SIZE,REL,IN) HOWTO(0,0,SIZE,0,REL,0,false,false,FUNCTION, NAME,false,0,0,IN)
.
DESCRIPTION
Helper routine to turn a symbol into a relocation value.
.#define HOWTO_PREPARE(relocation, symbol) \
. { \
. if (symbol != (asymbol *)NULL) { \
. if (symbol->section == &bfd_com_section) { \
. relocation = 0; \
. } \
. else { \
. relocation = symbol->value; \
. } \
. } \
.}
*/
/*
TYPEDEF
reloc_chain
DESCRIPTION
How relocs are tied together
.typedef unsigned char bfd_byte;
.
.typedef struct relent_chain {
. arelent relent;
. struct relent_chain *next;
.} arelent_chain;
*/
/*
FUNCTION
bfd_perform_relocation
SYNOPSIS
bfd_reloc_status_type
bfd_perform_relocation
(bfd * abfd,
arelent *reloc_entry,
PTR data,
asection *input_section,
bfd *output_bfd);
DESCRIPTION
If an output_bfd is supplied to this function the generated
image will be relocatable, the relocations are copied to the
output file after they have been changed to reflect the new
state of the world. There are two ways of reflecting the
results of partial linkage in an output file; by modifying the
output data in place, and by modifying the relocation record.
Some native formats (eg basic a.out and basic coff) have no
way of specifying an addend in the relocation type, so the
addend has to go in the output data. This is no big deal
since in these formats the output data slot will always be big
enough for the addend. Complex reloc types with addends were
invented to solve just this problem.
*/
bfd_reloc_status_type
DEFUN(bfd_perform_relocation,(abfd,
reloc_entry,
data,
input_section,
output_bfd),
bfd *abfd AND
arelent *reloc_entry AND
PTR data AND
asection *input_section AND
bfd *output_bfd)
{
bfd_vma relocation;
bfd_reloc_status_type flag = bfd_reloc_ok;
bfd_vma addr = reloc_entry->address ;
bfd_vma output_base = 0;
reloc_howto_type *howto = reloc_entry->howto;
asection *reloc_target_output_section ;
asymbol *symbol;
symbol = *( reloc_entry->sym_ptr_ptr);
if ((symbol->section == &bfd_abs_section)
&& output_bfd != (bfd *)NULL)
{
reloc_entry->address += input_section->output_offset;
return bfd_reloc_ok;
}
if ((symbol->section == &bfd_und_section) && output_bfd == (bfd *)NULL) {
flag = bfd_reloc_undefined;
}
if (howto->special_function) {
bfd_reloc_status_type cont;
cont = howto->special_function(abfd,
reloc_entry,
symbol,
data,
input_section,
output_bfd);
if (cont != bfd_reloc_continue) return cont;
}
/*
Work out which section the relocation is targetted at and the
initial relocation command value.
*/
if (symbol->section == &bfd_com_section) {
relocation = 0;
}
else {
relocation = symbol->value;
}
reloc_target_output_section = symbol->section->output_section;
if (output_bfd && howto->partial_inplace==false) {
output_base = 0;
}
else {
output_base = reloc_target_output_section->vma;
}
relocation += output_base + symbol->section->output_offset;
relocation += reloc_entry->addend ;
if(reloc_entry->address > input_section->_cooked_size)
{
return bfd_reloc_outofrange;
}
if (howto->pc_relative == true)
{
/*
Anything which started out as pc relative should end up that
way too.
There are two ways we can see a pcrel instruction. Sometimes
the pcrel displacement has been partially calculated, it
includes the distance from the start of the section to the
instruction in it (eg sun3), and sometimes the field is
totally blank - eg m88kbcs.
*/
relocation -=
input_section->output_section->vma + input_section->output_offset;
if (howto->pcrel_offset == true) {
relocation -= reloc_entry->address;
}
}
if (output_bfd!= (bfd *)NULL)
{
if ( howto->partial_inplace == false)
{
/*
This is a partial relocation, and we want to apply the relocation
to the reloc entry rather than the raw data. Modify the reloc
inplace to reflect what we now know.
*/
reloc_entry->addend = relocation ;
reloc_entry->address += input_section->output_offset;
return flag;
}
else
{
/* This is a partial relocation, but inplace, so modify the
reloc record a bit.
If we've relocated with a symbol with a section, change
into a ref to the section belonging to the symbol
*/
reloc_entry->address += input_section->output_offset;
if (abfd->xvec->flavour == bfd_target_coff_flavour)
{
relocation -= reloc_entry->addend;
reloc_entry->addend = 0;
}
else
{
reloc_entry->addend = relocation ;
}
}
}
else
{
reloc_entry->addend = 0;
}
/*
Either we are relocating all the way, or we don't want to apply
the relocation to the reloc entry (probably because there isn't
any room in the output format to describe addends to relocs)
*/
relocation >>= howto->rightshift;
/* Shift everything up to where it's going to be used */
relocation <<= howto->bitpos;
/* Wait for the day when all have the mask in them */
/* What we do:
i instruction to be left alone
o offset within instruction
r relocation offset to apply
S src mask
D dst mask
N ~dst mask
A part 1
B part 2
R result
Do this:
i i i i i o o o o o from bfd_get<size>
and S S S S S to get the size offset we want
+ r r r r r r r r r r to get the final value to place
and D D D D D to chop to right size
-----------------------
A A A A A
And this:
... i i i i i o o o o o from bfd_get<size>
and N N N N N get instruction
-----------------------
... B B B B B
And then:
B B B B B
or A A A A A
-----------------------
R R R R R R R R R R put into bfd_put<size>
*/
#define DOIT(x) \
x = ( (x & ~howto->dst_mask) | (((x & howto->src_mask) + relocation) & howto->dst_mask))
switch (howto->size)
{
case 0:
{
char x = bfd_get_8(abfd, (char *)data + addr);
DOIT(x);
bfd_put_8(abfd,x, (unsigned char *) data + addr);
}
break;
case 1:
{
short x = bfd_get_16(abfd, (bfd_byte *)data + addr);
DOIT(x);
bfd_put_16(abfd, x, (unsigned char *)data + addr);
}
break;
case 2:
{
long x = bfd_get_32(abfd, (bfd_byte *) data + addr);
DOIT(x);
bfd_put_32(abfd,x, (bfd_byte *)data + addr);
}
break;
case -2:
{
long x = bfd_get_32(abfd, (bfd_byte *) data + addr);
relocation = -relocation;
DOIT(x);
bfd_put_32(abfd,x, (bfd_byte *)data + addr);
}
break;
case 3:
/* Do nothing */
break;
default:
return bfd_reloc_other;
}
return flag;
}
/*
DOCDD
INODE
howto manager, , typedef arelent, Relocations
SECTION
The howto manager
When an application wants to create a relocation, but doesn't
know what the target machine might call it, it can find out by
using this bit of code.
*/
/*
TYPEDEF
bfd_reloc_code_type
DESCRIPTION
The insides of a reloc code
CODE_FRAGMENT
.
.typedef enum bfd_reloc_code_real
.
.{
. {* 16 bits wide, simple reloc *}
. BFD_RELOC_16,
.
. {* 8 bits wide, but used to form an address like 0xffnn *}
. BFD_RELOC_8_FFnn,
.
. {* 8 bits wide, simple *}
. BFD_RELOC_8,
.
. {* 8 bits wide, pc relative *}
. BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL,
.
. {* The type of reloc used to build a contructor table - at the
. moment probably a 32 bit wide abs address, but the cpu can
. choose. *}
.
. BFD_RELOC_CTOR,
.
. {* 32 bits wide, simple reloc *}
. BFD_RELOC_32,
. {* 32 bits, PC-relative *}
. BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL,
.
. {* High 22 bits of 32-bit value; simple reloc. *}
. BFD_RELOC_HI22,
. {* Low 10 bits. *}
. BFD_RELOC_LO10,
.
. {* Reloc types used for i960/b.out. *}
. BFD_RELOC_24_PCREL,
. BFD_RELOC_I960_CALLJ,
.
. BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL,
. {* 32-bit pc-relative, shifted right 2 bits (i.e., 30-bit
. word displacement, e.g. for SPARC) *}
. BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL_S2,
.
. {* now for the sparc/elf codes *}
. BFD_RELOC_NONE, {* actually used *}
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WDISP22,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC22,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC13,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_BASE13,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT10,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT13,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT22,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC10,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC22,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WPLT30,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_COPY,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GLOB_DAT,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_JMP_SLOT,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_RELATIVE,
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_UA32,
.
. {* this one is a.out specific? *}
. BFD_RELOC_SPARC_BASE22,
.
. {* this must be the highest numeric value *}
. BFD_RELOC_UNUSED
. } bfd_reloc_code_real_type;
*/
/*
SECTION
bfd_reloc_type_lookup
SYNOPSIS
CONST struct reloc_howto_struct *
bfd_reloc_type_lookup (bfd *abfd, bfd_reloc_code_real_type code);
DESCRIPTION
This routine returns a pointer to a howto struct which when
invoked, will perform the supplied relocation on data from the
architecture noted.
*/
CONST struct reloc_howto_struct *
DEFUN(bfd_reloc_type_lookup,(abfd, code),
bfd *abfd AND
bfd_reloc_code_real_type code)
{
return BFD_SEND (abfd, reloc_type_lookup, (abfd, code));
}
static reloc_howto_type bfd_howto_32 =
HOWTO(0, 00,2,32,false,0,false,true,0,"VRT32", false,0xffffffff,0xffffffff,true);
/*
INTERNAL_FUNCTION
bfd_default_reloc_type_lookup
SYNOPSIS
CONST struct reloc_howto_struct *bfd_default_reloc_type_lookup
(CONST struct bfd_arch_info *,
bfd_reloc_code_real_type code);
DESCRIPTION
Provides a default relocation lookuperer for any architectue
*/
CONST struct reloc_howto_struct *
DEFUN(bfd_default_reloc_type_lookup,(arch, code),
CONST struct bfd_arch_info *arch AND
bfd_reloc_code_real_type code)
{
switch (code)
{
case BFD_RELOC_CTOR:
/* The type of reloc used in a ctor, which will be as wide as the
address - so either a 64, 32, or 16 bitter.. */
switch (arch->bits_per_address) {
case 64:
BFD_FAIL();
case 32:
return &bfd_howto_32;
case 16:
BFD_FAIL();
default:
BFD_FAIL();
}
default:
BFD_FAIL();
}
return (CONST struct reloc_howto_struct *)NULL;
}
/*
INTERNAL_FUNCTION
bfd_generic_relax_section
SYNOPSIS
boolean bfd_generic_relax_section
(bfd *abfd,
asection *section,
asymbol **symbols);
DESCRIPTION
Provides default handling for relaxing for back ends which
don't do relaxing -- i.e., does nothing.
*/
boolean
DEFUN(bfd_generic_relax_section,(abfd, section, symbols),
bfd *abfd AND
asection *section AND
asymbol **symbols)
{
return false;
}
/*
INTERNAL_FUNCTION
bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents
SYNOPSIS
bfd_byte *
bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents(bfd *abfd,
struct bfd_seclet_struct *seclet,
bfd_byte *data)
DESCRIPTION
Provides default handling of relocation effort for back ends
which can't be bothered to do it efficiently.
*/
bfd_byte *
DEFUN(bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents,(abfd, seclet, data),
bfd *abfd AND
struct bfd_seclet_struct *seclet AND
bfd_byte *data)
{
extern bfd_error_vector_type bfd_error_vector;
/* Get enough memory to hold the stuff */
bfd *input_bfd = seclet->u.indirect.section->owner;
asection *input_section = seclet->u.indirect.section;
bfd_size_type reloc_size = bfd_get_reloc_upper_bound(input_bfd,
input_section);
arelent **reloc_vector = (arelent **) alloca(reloc_size);
/* read in the section */
bfd_get_section_contents(input_bfd,
input_section,
data,
0,
input_section->_raw_size);
/* We're not relaxing the section, so just copy the size info */
input_section->_cooked_size = input_section->_raw_size;
input_section->reloc_done = true;
if (bfd_canonicalize_reloc(input_bfd,
input_section,
reloc_vector,
seclet->u.indirect.symbols) )
{
arelent **parent;
for (parent = reloc_vector; * parent != (arelent *)NULL;
parent++)
{
bfd_reloc_status_type r=
bfd_perform_relocation(input_bfd,
*parent,
data,
input_section, 0);
if (r != bfd_reloc_ok)
{
switch (r)
{
case bfd_reloc_undefined:
bfd_error_vector.undefined_symbol(*parent, seclet);
break;
case bfd_reloc_dangerous:
bfd_error_vector.reloc_dangerous(*parent, seclet);
break;
case bfd_reloc_outofrange:
case bfd_reloc_overflow:
bfd_error_vector.reloc_value_truncated(*parent, seclet);
break;
default:
abort();
break;
}
}
}
}
return data;
}
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