gcc/gcc/doc/install.texi

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@settitle Installing GCC
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@settitle Installing GCC
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@settitle Host/Target specific installation notes for GCC
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@settitle Downloading GCC
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@settitle Installing GCC: Configuration
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@settitle Installing GCC: Building
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@settitle Installing GCC: Testing
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@settitle Installing GCC: Final installation
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@settitle Installing GCC: Binaries
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@comment $Id: install.texi,v 1.21 2001/06/13 03:38:52 aoliva Exp $
@c Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c *** Converted to texinfo by Dean Wakerley, dean@wakerley.com

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@c Part 2 Summary Description and Copyright
@ifinfo

Copyright @copyright{} 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c Part 3 Titlepage and Copyright
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@sp 10
@comment The title is printed in a large font.
@center @titlefont{Installing GCC}

@c The following two commands start the copyright page.
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end titlepage

@c Part 4 Top node and Master Menu
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@comment node-name, next,          Previous, up

@menu
* Installing GCC::  This document describes the generic installation
                    procedure for GCC as well as detailing some target
                    specific installation instructions. 

* Specific::        Host/target specific installation notes for GCC.
* Binaries::        Where to get pre-compiled binaries.

* Concept Index::   This index has two entries.
@end menu
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@c Part 5 The Body of the Document
@c ***Installing GCC**********************************************************
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<h1 align="center">Installing GCC</h1>
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@chapter Installing GCC
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The latest version of this document is always available at
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/install/,,http://gcc.gnu.org/install/}. 

This document describes the generic installation procedure for GCC as well
as detailing some target specific installation instructions. 

GCC includes several components that previously were separate distributions 
with their own installation instructions. This document supersedes all 
package specific installation instructions. We provide the component 
specific installation information in the source distribution for historical 
reference purposes only. 

@emph{Before} starting the build/install procedure please check the 
@ifnothtml
@xref{Specific, host/target specific installation notes}.
@end ifnothtml
@ifnotinfo
@uref{specific.html,,host/target specific installation notes}. 
@end ifnotinfo
We recommend you browse the entire generic installation instructions before 
you proceed.

The installation procedure itself is broken into five steps. 

@ifinfo
@menu
* Downloading the source::
* Configuration::
* Building::
* Testing:: (optional)
* Final install::
@end menu
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@ifnotinfo
@enumerate
@item 
@uref{download.html,,Downloading the source}
@item 
@uref{configure.html,,Configuration} 
@item
@uref{build.html,,Building} 
@item 
@uref{test.html,,Testing} (optional) 
@item
@uref{finalinstall.html,,Final install}
@end enumerate
@end ifnotinfo

Please note that GCC does not support @samp{make uninstall} and probably
won't do so in the near future as this would open a can of worms. Instead, 
we suggest that you install GCC into a directory of its own and simply
remove that directory when you do not need that specific version of GCC
any longer. 

@html
<hr>
<p>
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@ifhtml
@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}
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@c ***Downloading the source**************************************************
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@node    Downloading the source, Configuration, , Installing GCC
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<h1 align="center">Downloading GCC</h1>
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@chapter Downloading GCC
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@cindex Downloading GCC
@cindex Downloading the Source

GCC is distributed via CVS and FTP tarballs compressed with gzip or
bzip2. It is possible to download a full distribution or specific
components.

Please refer to our @uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/releases.html,,releases web page}
for information on how to obtain GCC.

The full distribution includes the C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Java,
and Chill compilers.  The full distribution also includes runtime libraries
for C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Java and Chill.  (GCC 3.0 does not
include Chill.  Releases before 3.0 do not include the Java runtime
library.)  In GCC 3.0 and later versions, GNU compiler testsuites
are also included in the full distribution.

If you choose to download specific components, you must download the core
gcc distribution plus any language specific distributions you wish to
use.  The core distribution includes the C language front-end as well as the
shared components. Each language has a tarball which includes the language
front-end as well as the language runtime (when appropriate).

Unpack the core distribution as well as any language specific
distributions in the same directory.

If you also intend to build binutils (either to upgrade an existing
installation or for use in place of the corresponding tools of your
OS), unpack the binutils distribution either in the same directory or
a separate one.  In the latter case, add symbolic links to any
components of the binutils you intend to build alongside the compiler
(bfd, binutils, gas, gprof, ld, opcodes,...) to the directory containing
the GCC sources.

@html
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<p>
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@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}
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@c ***Configuration***********************************************************
@ifinfo
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Configuration, Building, Downloading the source, Installing GCC
@end ifinfo
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<h1 align="center">Installing GCC: Configuration</h1>
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@chapter Installing GCC: Configuration
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@cindex Configuration
@cindex Installing GCC: Configuration

Like most GNU software, GCC must be configured before it can be built.
This document describes the recommended configuration procedure
for both native and cross targets.

We use @var{srcdir} to refer to the toplevel source directory for
GCC; we use @var{objdir} to refer to the toplevel build/object directory.

If you obtained the sources via CVS, @var{srcdir} must refer to the top
@file{gcc} directory, the one where the @file{MAINTAINERS} can be found,
and not its @file{gcc} subdirectory, otherwise the build will fail.

First, we @strong{highly} recommend that GCC be built into a
separate directory than the sources which does @strong{not} reside
within the source tree.  This is how we generally build GCC; building
where @var{srcdir} == @var{objdir} should still work, but doesn't
get extensive testing; building where @var{objdir} is a subdirectory
of @var{srcdir} is unsupported.

If you have built GNU CC previously in the same directory for a
different target machine, do @samp{make distclean} to delete all files
that might be invalid.  One of the files this deletes is
@file{Makefile}; if @samp{make distclean} complains that @file{Makefile}
does not exist, it probably means that the directory is already suitably
clean.  However, with the recommended method of building in a separate
@var{objdir}, you should simply use a different @var{objdir} for each
target.

Second, when configuring a native system, either @command{cc} or
@command{gcc} must be in your path or you must set @env{CC} in
your environment before running configure.  Otherwise the configuration
scripts may fail.

To configure GCC:

@example
   % mkdir @var{objdir}
   % cd @var{objdir}
   % @var{srcdir}/configure [@var{target}] [@var{options}]
@end example


@heading Target specification
@itemize @bullet
@item
GCC has code to correctly determine the correct value for @var{target}
for nearly all native systems.  Therefore, we highly recommend you not 
provide a configure target when configuring a native compiler.

@item
@var{target} must be specified as @option{--target=}@var{target}
when configuring a cross compiler; examples of valid targets would be 
i960-rtems, m68k-coff, sh-elf, etc.

@item
Specifying just @var{target} instead of @option{--target=}@var{target}
implies that the host defaults to @var{target}.
@end itemize


@heading Options specification

Use @var{options} to override several configure time options for
GCC.  A partial list of supported @var{options}:

@table @code
@item --prefix=@var{dirname}
Specify the toplevel installation
directory.  This is the recommended way to install the tools into a directory
other than the default.  The toplevel installation directory defaults to
@code{/usr/local}.

We @strong{highly} recommend against @var{dirname} being the same or a
subdirectory of @var{objdir} or vice versa.

These additional options control where certain parts of the distribution
are installed.  Normally you should not need to use these options.
@table @code

@item --exec-prefix=@var{dirname}
Specify the toplevel installation directory for architecture-dependent
files.  The default is @file{@var{prefix}}.

@item --bindir=@var{dirname}
Specify the installation directory for the executables called by users
(such as @command{gcc} and @command{g++}).  The default is
@file{@var{exec-prefix}/bin}.

@item --libdir=@var{dirname}
Specify the installation directory for object code libraries and
internal parts of GCC.  The default is @file{@var{exec-prefix}/lib}.

@item --with-slibdir=@var{dirname}
Specify the installation directory for the shared libgcc library.  The
default is @file{@var{libdir}}.

@item --infodir=@var{dirname}
Specify the installation directory for documentation in info format.
The default is @file{@var{prefix}/info}.

@item --mandir=@var{dirname}
Specify the installation directory for manual pages.  The default is
@file{@var{prefix}/man}.  (Note that the manual pages are only extracts from
the full GCC manuals, which are provided in Texinfo format.  The
@command{g77} manpage is unmaintained and may be out of date; the others
are derived by an automatic conversion process from parts of the full
manual.)

@item --with-gxx-include-dir=@var{dirname}
Specify
the installation directory for g++ header files.  The default is
@file{@var{prefix}/include/g++-v3}.

@end table

@item --with-local-prefix=@var{dirname}
Specify the
installation directory for local include files.  The default is
@file{/usr/local}.  Specify this option if you want the compiler to
search directory @file{@var{dirname}/include} for locally installed
header files @emph{instead} of @file{/usr/local/include}.

You should specify @option{--with-local-prefix} @strong{only} if your
site has a different convention (not @file{/usr/local}) for where to put
site-specific files.

The default value for @option{--with-local-prefix} is @file{/usr/local}
regardless of the value of @option{--prefix}.  Specifying
@option{--prefix} has no effect on which directory GCC searches for
local header files.  This may seem counterintuitive, but actually it is
logical.

The purpose of @option{--prefix} is to specify where to @emph{install
GCC}.  The local header files in @file{/usr/local/include}---if you put
any in that directory---are not part of GCC.  They are part of other
programs---perhaps many others.  (GCC installs its own header files in
another directory which is based on the @option{--prefix} value.)

@strong{Do not} specify @file{/usr} as the @option{--with-local-prefix}!
The directory you use for @option{--with-local-prefix} @strong{must not}
contain any of the system's standard header files.  If it did contain
them, certain programs would be miscompiled (including GNU Emacs, on
certain targets), because this would override and nullify the header
file corrections made by the @code{fixincludes} script.

Indications are that people who use this option use it based on mistaken
ideas of what it is for.  People use it as if it specified where to
install part of GCC.  Perhaps they make this assumption because
installing GCC creates the directory.

@item --enable-shared[=@var{package}[,...]]
Build shared versions of libraries, if shared libraries are supported on
the target platform.  Unlike GCC 2.95.x and earlier, shared libraries
are enabled by default on all platforms that support shared libraries.

If a list of packages is given as an argument, build shared libraries
only for the listed packages.  For other packages, only static libraries
will be built.  Package names currently recognized in the GCC tree are
@samp{libgcc} (also known as @samp{gcc}), @samp{libstdc++} (not
@samp{libstdc++-v3}), @samp{libffi}, @samp{zlib}, @samp{boehm-gc} and
@samp{libjava}.  Note that @samp{libobjc} does not recognize itself by
any name, so, if you list package names in @option{--enable-shared},
you'll only get static Objective C libraries.  @samp{libf2c} and
@samp{libiberty} do not support shared libraries at all.

Use @option{--disable-shared} to build only static libraries.  Note that
@option{--disable-shared} does not accept a list of package names as
argument, only @option{--enable-shared} does.

@item @anchor{with-gnu-as}--with-gnu-as
Specify that the compiler should assume that the
assembler it finds is the GNU assembler. However, this does not modify
the rules to find an assembler and will result in confusion if found
assembler is not actually the GNU assembler.  If you have more than one
assembler installed on your system, you may want to use this option in
connection with @option{--with-as=@file{/path/to/gas}}.

@item --with-as=@file{/path/to/as}
Specify that the
compiler should use the assembler pointed to by @var{pathname}, rather
than the one found by the standard rules to find an assembler, which
are:
@itemize @bullet
@item
Check the
@file{@var{exec_prefix}/lib/gcc-lib/@var{target}/@var{version}}
directory, where @var{exec_prefix} defaults to @var{prefix} which
defaults to @file{/usr/local} unless overridden by the
@option{--prefix=/pathname} switch described above. @var{target} is the
target system triple, such as @var{sparc-sun-solaris2.7}, and
@var{version} denotes the GCC version, such as 2.95.2.
@item
Check operating system specific directories (e.g. @file{/usr/ccs/bin} on
Sun Solaris).
@end itemize
Note that these rules do not check for the value of @env{PATH}. You may
want to use @option{--with-as} if no assembler is installed in the
directories listed above, or if you have multiple assemblers installed
and want to choose one that is not found by the above rules.

@item @anchor{with-gnu-ld}--with-gnu-ld
Same as @uref{#with-gnu-as,,@option{--with-gnu-as}}
but for linker.


@item --with-ld=@file{/path/to/ld}
Same as
@option{--with-as}, but for the linker.

@item --with-stabs
Specify that stabs debugging
information should be used instead of whatever format the host normally
uses.  Normally GCC uses the same debug format as the host system.

@item --enable-multilib
Specify that multiple target
libraries should be built to support different target variants, calling
conventions, etc.  This is the default.

@item --enable-threads
Specify that the target
supports threads.  This affects the Objective-C compiler and runtime
library, and exception handling for other languages like C++ and Java.
On some systems, this is the default.

@item --enable-threads=@var{lib}
Specify that
@var{lib} is the thread support library.  This affects the Objective-C
compiler and runtime library, and exception handling for other languages
like C++ and Java.  The possibilities for @var{lib} are:

@table @code
@item aix
AIX thread support.
@item dce
DCE thread support.
@item decosf1
DEC OSF/1 thread support.
@item irix
SGI IRIX thread support.
@item mach
Generic MACH thread support, known to work on NEXTSTEP.
@item os2
IBM OS/2 thread support.
@item posix
Generix POSIX thread support.
@item pthreads
Same as @samp{posix}.
@item single
Disable thread support, should work for all platforms.
@item solaris
SUN Solaris thread support.
@item vxworks
VxWorks thread support.
@item win32
Microsoft Win32 API thread support.
@end table

@item --with-cpu=@var{cpu}
Specify which cpu variant the
compiler should generate code for by default.  This is currently
only supported on the some ports, specifically arm, powerpc, and
SPARC. If configure does not recognize the model name (e.g. arm700,
603e, or ultrasparc) you provide, please check the configure script
for a complete list of supported models.

@item --enable-target-optspace
Specify that target
libraries should be optimized for code space instead of code speed.
This is the default for the m32r platform.

@item --disable-cpp
Specify that a user visible @command{cpp} program should not be installed.

@item --with-cpp-install-dir=@var{dirname}
Specify that the user visible @command{cpp} program should be installed
in @file{@var{prefix}/@var{dirname}/cpp}, in addition to @var{bindir}.

@item --enable-maintainer-mode
The build rules that
regenerate the GCC master message catalog @code{gcc.pot} are normally
disabled. This is because it can only be rebuilt if the complete source
tree is present. If you have changed the sources and want to rebuild the
catalog, configuring with @option{--enable-maintainer-mode} will enable
this. Note that you need a recent version of the @code{gettext} tools
to do so.

@item --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs
Specify
that runtime libraries should be installed in the compiler specific
subdirectory (@file{@var{libsubdir}}) rather than the usual places.  In
addition, libstdc++'s include files will be installed in
@file{@var{libsubdir}/include/g++} unless you overruled it by using
@option{--with-gxx-include-dir=}@var{dirname}.  Using this option is
particularly useful if you intend to use several versions of GCC in
parallel. This is currently supported by @option{libf2c} and
@option{libstdc++}.

@item --enable-languages=@var{lang1},@var{lang2},@dots{}
Specify that only a particular subset of compilers and
their runtime libraries should be built. For a list of valid values for
@var{lang}@option{x} you can issue the following command in the
@file{gcc} directory of your GCC source tree:@* @samp{grep language=
*/config-lang.in}@* Currently, you can use any of the following:
@code{c++}, @code{f77}, @code{java} and @code{objc}.
@code{CHILL} is not currently maintained, and will almost
certainly fail to compile.  Note that this switch does not work with
EGCS 1.1.2 or older versions of egcs.  It is supported in GCC 2.95
and newer versions.@*
If you do not pass this flag, all languages available in the @file{gcc}
sub-tree will be configured.  Re-defining LANGUAGES when calling
@samp{make bootstrap} @strong{does not} work anymore, as those
language sub-directories might not have been configured!

@item --disable-libgcj
Specify that the run-time libraries
used by GCJ should not be built.  This is useful in case you intend
to use GCJ with some other run-time, or you're going to install it
separately, or it just happens not to build on your particular
machine.  In general, if the Java front-end is enabled, the GCJ
libraries will be enabled too, unless they're known to not work on
the target platform.  If GCJ is enabled but libgcj isn't built, you
may need to port it; in this case, before modifying the top-level
configure.in so that libgcj is enabled by default on this platform,
you may use @option{--enable-libgcj} to override the default.

@item --with-dwarf2
Specify that the compiler should
use DWARF2 debugging information as the default.

@item --enable-win32-registry
@itemx --enable-win32-registry=@var{KEY}
@itemx --disable-win32-registry
The @samp{--enable-win32-registry} option enables Windows-hosted GCC
to look up installations paths in the registry using the following key:

@smallexample
@code{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Free Software Foundation\<KEY>}
@end smallexample

<KEY> defaults to GCC version number, and can be overridden by the
@code{--enable-win32-registry=KEY} option. Vendors and distributors
who use custom installers are encouraged to provide a different key,
perhaps one comprised of vendor name and GCC version number, to
avoid conflict with existing installations. This feature is enabled
by default, and can be disabled by @code{--disable-win32-registry}
option.  This option has no effect on the other hosts.

@item --nfp
Specify that the machine does not have a floating point unit.  This
option only applies to @samp{m68k-sun-sunos@var{n}} and
@samp{m68k-isi-bsd}.  On any other system, @samp{--nfp} has no effect.

@item --enable-checking
@itemx --enable-checking=@var{list}
When you specify this option, the compiler is built to perform checking
of tree node types when referencing fields of that node, and some other
internal consistency checks.  This does not change the generated code,
but adds error checking within the compiler.  This will slow down the
compiler and may only work properly if you are building the compiler
with GNU C.  This is on by default when building from CVS or snapshots,
but off for releases.  More control over the checks may be had by
specifying @var{list}; the categories of checks available are
@samp{misc}, @samp{tree}, @samp{gc}, @samp{rtl} and @samp{gcac}.  The
default when @var{list} is not specified is @samp{misc,tree,gc}; the
checks @samp{rtl} and @samp{gcac} are very expensive.

@item --enable-nls
@itemx --disable-nls
The @samp{--enable-nls} option enables Native Language Support (NLS),
which lets GCC output diagnostics in languages other than American
English. Native Language Support is enabled by default if not doing a
canadian cross build. The @samp{--disable-nls} option disables NLS.

@item --with-included-gettext
If NLS is enbled, the @samp{--with-included-gettext} option causes the build
procedure to prefer its copy of GNU @code{gettext}.

@item --with-catgets
If NLS is enabled, and if the host lacks @code{gettext} but has the
inferior @code{catgets} interface, the GCC build procedure normally
ignores @code{catgets} and instead uses GCC's copy of the GNU
@code{gettext} library.  The @samp{--with-catgets} option causes the
build procedure to use the host's @code{catgets} in this situation.
@end table

Some options which only apply to building cross compilers:
@table @code
@item --with-headers=@var{dir}
Specifies a directory
which has target include files.
@emph{This options is required} when building a cross
compiler, if @file{@var{prefix}/@var{target}/sys-include} doesn't pre-exist.
These include files will be copied into the @file{gcc} install directory.
Fixincludes will be run on these files to make them compatible with
@command{gcc}.
@item --with-libs=``@var{dir1} @var{dir2} @dots{} @var{dirN}''
Specifies a list of directories which contain the target runtime
libraries.  These libraries will be copied into the @file{gcc} install
directory.
@item --with-newlib
Specifies that ``newlib'' is
being used as the target C library.  This causes @code{__eprintf} to be
omitted from libgcc.a on the assumption that it will be provided by
newlib.
@end table
 
Note that each @option{--enable} option has a corresponding
@option{--disable} option and that each @option{--with} option has a
corresponding @option{--without} option.

@html
<hr>
<p>
@end html
@ifhtml
@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}
@end ifhtml
@end ifset

@c ***Building****************************************************************
@ifinfo
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Building, Testing, Configuration, Installing GCC
@end ifinfo
@ifset buildhtml
@html
<h1 align="center">Installing GCC: Building</h1>
@end html
@ifnothtml
@chapter Building
@end ifnothtml
@cindex Installing GCC: Building

Now that GCC is configured, you are ready to build the compiler and
runtime libraries.

We @strong{highly} recommend that GCC be built using GNU make;
other versions may work, then again they might not.

(For example, many broken versions of make will fail if you use the
recommended setup where @var{objdir} is different from @var{srcdir}.
Other broken versions may recompile parts of the compiler when
installing the compiler.)

Some commands executed when making the compiler may fail (return a
non-zero status) and be ignored by @code{make}.  These failures, which
are often due to files that were not found, are expected, and can safely
be ignored.

It is normal to have compiler warnings when compiling certain files.
Unless you are a GCC developer, you can generally ignore these warnings
unless they cause compilation to fail.

On certain old systems, defining certain environment variables such as
@code{CC} can interfere with the functioning of @code{make}.

If you encounter seemingly strange errors when trying to build the
compiler in a directory other than the source directory, it could be
because you have previously configured the compiler in the source
directory.  Make sure you have done all the necessary preparations.

If you build GCC on a BSD system using a directory stored in an old System
V file system, problems may occur in running @code{fixincludes} if the
System V file system doesn't support symbolic links.  These problems
result in a failure to fix the declaration of @code{size_t} in
@file{sys/types.h}.  If you find that @code{size_t} is a signed type and
that type mismatches occur, this could be the cause.

The solution is not to use such a directory for building GCC.

When building from CVS or snapshots, or if you modify parser sources,
you need the Bison parser generator installed.  Any version 1.25 or
later should work; older versions may also work.  If you do not modify
parser sources, releases contain the Bison-generated files and you do
not need Bison installed to build them.

When building from CVS or snapshots, or if you modify Texinfo
documentation, you need version 4.0 or later of Texinfo installed if you
want Info documentation to be regenerated.  Releases contain Info
documentation pre-built for the unmodified documentation in the release.

@section Building a native compiler

For a native build issue the command @samp{make bootstrap}.  This 
will build the entire GCC system, which includes the following steps:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Build host tools necessary to build the compiler such as texinfo, bison,
gperf.

@item
Build target tools for use by the compiler such as binutils (bfd,
binutils, gas, gprof, ld, and opcodes)@*
if they have been individually linked 
or moved into the top level GCC source tree before configuring.

@item
Perform a 3-stage bootstrap of the compiler.

@item
Perform a comparison test of the stage2 and stage3 compilers.

@item
Build runtime libraries using the stage3 compiler from the previous step.
 
@end itemize

If you are short on disk space you might consider @samp{make
bootstrap-lean} instead.  This is identical to @samp{make
bootstrap} except that object files from the stage1 and
stage2 of the 3-stage bootstrap of the compiler are deleted as
soon as they are no longer needed.


If you want to save additional space during the bootstrap and in
the final installation as well, you can build the compiler binaries
without debugging information with @samp{make CFLAGS='-O' LIBCFLAGS='-g
-O2' LIBCXXFLAGS='-g -O2 -fno-implicit-templates' bootstrap}.  This will save
roughly 40% of disk space both for the bootstrap and the final installation.
(Libraries will still contain debugging information.)

If you wish to use non-default flags when compiling the stage2 and
stage3 compile, set @code{BOOT_CFLAGS} on the command line when doing
@samp{make bootstrap}.  Non-default optimization flags are less well
tested here than the default of @samp{-g -O2}, but should still work.
In a few cases, you may find that you need to specify special flags such
as @option{-msoft-float} here to complete the bootstrap; or, if the
native compiler miscompiles the stage1 compiler, you may need to work
around this, by choosing @code{BOOT_CFLAGS} to avoid the parts of the
stage1 compiler that were miscompiled, or by using @samp{make
bootstrap4} to increase the number of stages of bootstrap.

If you used the flag @option{--enable-languages=...} to restrict
the compilers to be built, only those you've actually enabled will be
built. This will of course only build those runtime libraries, for
which the particular compiler has been built.  Please note,
that re-defining LANGUAGES when calling @samp{make bootstrap}
@strong{does not} work anymore!

If the comparison of stage2 and stage3 fails, this normally indicates
that the stage 2 compiler has compiled GCC incorrectly, and is therefore
a potentially serious bug which you should investigate and report.  (On
a few systems, meaningful comparison of object files is impossible; they
always appear ``different''.  If you encounter this problem, you will
need to disable comparison in the @file{Makefile}.)

@section Building a cross compiler

We recommend reading the
@uref{http://www.objsw.com/CrossGCC/,,crossgcc FAQ}
for information about building cross compilers.

When building a cross compiler, it is not generally possible to do a
3-stage bootstrap of the compiler.  This makes for an interesting problem
as parts of GCC can only be built with GCC.

To build a cross compiler, we first recommend building and installing a
native compiler.  You can then use the native GCC compiler to build the
cross compiler.

Assuming you have already installed a native copy of GCC and configured
your cross compiler, issue the command @samp{make}, which performs the
following steps:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Build host tools necessary to build the compiler such as texinfo, bison,
gperf.

@item
Build target tools for use by the compiler such as binutils (bfd,
binutils, gas, gprof, ld, and opcodes)
if they have been individually linked or moved into the top level GCC source
tree before configuring.

@item
Build the compiler (single stage only).

@item
Build runtime libraries using the compiler from the previous step.
@end itemize

Note that if an error occurs in any step the make process will exit.

@section Building in parallel

If you have a multiprocessor system you can use @samp{make bootstrap
MAKE="make -j 2" -j 2} or just @samp{make -j 2 bootstrap}
for GNU Make 3.79 and above instead of just @samp{make bootstrap}
when building GCC.  You can use a bigger number instead of two if
you like.  In most cases, it won't help to use a number bigger than
the number of processors in your machine.

@html
<hr>
<p>
@end html
@ifhtml
@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}
@end ifhtml
@end ifset

@c ***Testing*****************************************************************
@ifinfo
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Testing, Final install, Building, Installing GCC
@end ifinfo
@ifset testhtml
@html
<h1 align="center">Installing GCC: Testing</h1>
@end html
@ifnothtml
@chapter Installing GCC: Testing
@end ifnothtml
@cindex Testing
@cindex Installing GCC: Testing
@cindex Testsuite

@strong{Please note that this is only applicable 
to current development versions of GCC and GCC 3.0 or later. 
GCC 2.95.x does not come with a testsuite.}

Before you install GCC, you might wish to run the testsuite. This
step is optional and may require you to download additional software.

First, you must have @uref{download.html,,downloaded the testsuites}. 
The full distribution contains testsuites; only if you downloaded the 
``core'' compiler plus any front ends, you do not have the testsuites.

Second, you must have a @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/dejagnu/,,current version of DejaGnu} installed;
dejagnu 1.3 is not sufficient.

Now you may need specific preparations:

@itemize @bullet
@item
In order to run the libio tests in GCC 2.95 and earlier versions of GCC
on targets which do not fully
support Unix/POSIX commands (e.g. Cygwin), the references to the dbz
directory have to be deleted from @code{libio/configure.in}.

@item
The following environment variables may need to be set appropriately, as in
the following example (which assumes that DejaGnu has been installed
under @code{/usr/local}):

@example
     TCL_LIBRARY = /usr/local/share/tcl8.0
     DEJAGNULIBS = /usr/local/share/dejagnu
@end example

On systems such as Cygwin, these paths are required to be actual
paths, not mounts or links; presumably this is due to some lack of
portability in the DejaGnu code.

If the directories where @command{runtest} and @command{expect} were
installed are in the @env{PATH}, it should not be necessary to set these
environment variables.

@end itemize

Finally, you can run the testsuite (which may take a long time):
@example
     cd @var{objdir}; make -k check
@end example

The testing process will try to test as many components in the GCC
distribution as possible, including the C, C++, Objective C and Fortran
compilers as well as the C++ and Java runtime libraries.

@section How can I run the test suite on selected tests?

As a first possibility to cut down the number of tests that are run it is
possible to use @samp{make check-gcc} or @samp{make check-g++}
in the gcc subdirectory of the object directory. To further cut down the
tests the following is possible:

@example
    make check-gcc RUNTESTFLAGS="execute.exp <other options>"
@end example

This will run all gcc execute tests in the testsuite.

@example
    make check-g++ RUNTESTFLAGS="old-deja.exp=9805* <other options>"
@end example

This will run the g++ "old-deja" tests in the testsuite where the filename
matches 9805*.

The *.exp files are located in the testsuite directories of the GCC
source, the most important ones being compile.exp, execute.exp, dg.exp
and old-deja.exp. To get a list of the possible *.exp files, pipe the
output of @samp{make check} into a file and look at the
@samp{Running ...  .exp} lines.

@section How to interpret test results

After the testsuite has run you'll find various *.sum and *.log
files in the testsuite subdirectories. The *.log files contain a
detailed log of the compiler invocations and the corresponding
results, the *.sum files summarize the results. These summaries list
all the tests that have been run with a corresponding status code:

@itemize @bullet
@item
PASS: the test passed as expected
@item
XPASS: the test unexpectedly passed
@item
FAIL: the test unexpectedly failed
@item
XFAIL: the test failed as expected
@item
UNSUPPORTED: the test is not supported on this platform
@item
ERROR: the testsuite detected an error
@item
WARNING: the testsuite detected a possible problem
@end itemize

It is normal for some tests to report unexpected failures.  At the
current time our testing harness does not allow fine grained control
over whether or not a test is expected to fail.  We expect to fix this
problem in future releases.


@section Submitting test results

If you want to report the results to the GCC project, use the
@code{contrib/test_summary} shell script. Start it in the @var{objdir} with

@example
    @var{srcdir}/contrib/test_summary -p your_commentary.txt -m gcc-testresults@@gcc.gnu.org |sh
@end example

This script uses the @code{Mail} program to send the results, so
make sure it is in your @env{PATH}. The file @file{your_commentary.txt} is
prepended to the testsuite summary and should contain any special
remarks you have on your results or your build environment. Please
do not edit the testsuite result block or the subject line, as these
messages are automatically parsed and presented at the 
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/testresults/,,GCC testresults} web
page.  Here you can also gather information on how specific tests
behave on different platforms and compare them with your results. A
few failing testcases are possible even on released versions and you
should look here first if you think your results are unreasonable.

@end ifset

@c ***Final install***********************************************************
@ifinfo
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Final install, , Testing, Installing GCC
@end ifinfo
@ifset finalinstallhtml
@html
<h1 align="center">Installing GCC: Final installation</h1>
@end html
@ifnothtml
@chapter Installing GCC: Final installation
@end ifnothtml

Now that GCC has been built and tested, you can install it with
@samp{cd @var{objdir}; make install}.

That step completes the installation of GCC; user level binaries can
be found in @file{@var{prefix}/bin} where @var{prefix} is the value you
specified with the @option{--prefix} to configure (or @file{/usr/local}
by default).  (If you specified @option{--bindir}, that directory will
be used instead; otherwise, if you specified @option{--exec-prefix},
@file{@var{exec-prefix}/bin} will be used.)  Headers for the C++ and
Java libraries are installed in @file{@var{prefix}/include}; libraries
in @file{@var{libdir}} (normally @file{@var{prefix}/lib}); internal
parts of the compiler in @file{@var{libdir}/gcc-lib}; documentation in
info format in @file{@var{infodir}} (normally @file{@var{prefix}/info}).

If you don't mind, please quickly review the 
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-3.0/buildstat.html,,build status page}.
If your system is not listed, send a note to
@uref{mailto:gcc@@gcc.gnu.org,,gcc@@gcc.gnu.org} indicating
that you successfully built and installed GCC.

Include the output from running @file{@var{srcdir}/config.guess}.  (Do
not send us the config.guess file itself, just the one-line output from
running it!)

If you find a bug, please report it following our
@uref{../bugs.html,,bug reporting guidelines}.

If you want to print the GCC manuals, do @samp{cd @var{objdir}; make
dvi}.  You will need to have @command{texi2dvi} (version at least 4.0)
and @TeX{} installed.  This creates a number of @file{.dvi} files in
subdirectories of @file{@var{objdir}}; these may be converted for
printing with programs such as @command{dvips}.  You can also
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html,,buy printed manuals from the
Free Software Foundation}, though such manuals may not be for the most
recent version of GCC.

@html
<hr>
<p>
@end html
@ifhtml
@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}
@end ifhtml
@end ifset

@c ***Binaries****************************************************************
@ifinfo
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Binaries, Specific, Installing GCC, Top
@end ifinfo
@ifset binarieshtml
@html
<h1 align="center">Installing GCC: Binaries</h1>
@end html
@ifnothtml
@chapter Installing GCC: Binaries
@end ifnothtml
@cindex Binaries
@cindex Installing GCC: Binaries

We are often asked about pre-compiled versions of GCC. While we cannot
provide these for all platforms, below you'll find links to binaries for
various platforms where creating them by yourself is not easy due to various
reasons.

Please note that we did not create these binaries, nor do we
support them.  If you have any problems installing them, please
contact their makers.

@itemize
@item
AIX:
@itemize
@item
@uref{http://www-frec.bull.com/docs/download.htm,,Bull's Freeware and
Shareware Archive for AIX};

@item
@uref{http://aixpdlib.seas.ucla.edu,,UCLA Software Library for AIX};
@end itemize

@item
DOS - @uref{http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/,,DJGPP};

@item
@uref{http://hpux.cae.wisc.edu/,,HP-UX Porting Center};

@item
@uref{http://www.sco.com/skunkware/devtools/index.html#gcc,,SCO
OpenServer/Unixware};

@item
Solaris (SPARC, Intel) - @uref{http://www.sunfreeware.com/,,Sunfreeware};

@item
SGI - @uref{http://freeware.sgi.com/,,SGI Freeware};

@item
Windows 95, 98, and NT:
@itemize
@item
The @uref{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/,,Cygwin} project;
@item
@uref{http://www.xraylith.wisc.edu/~khan/software/gnu-win32/,,GNU Win32}
related projects by Mumit Khan.
@end itemize

@item
@uref{ftp://ftp.thewrittenword.com/packages/free/by-name/gcc-2.95.2/,,The
Written Word} offers binaries for Solaris 2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7/SPARC, 2.7/Intel,
IRIX 6.2, 6.5, Digital UNIX 4.0D, HP-UX 10.20, and HP-UX 11.00.

@item
Hitachi H8/300[HS] - 
@uref{http://h8300-hms.sourceforge.net/,,GNU Development Tools for the 
Hitachi H8/300[HS] Series}

@end itemize

In addition to those specific offerings, you can get a binary
distribution CD-ROM from the
@uref{http://www.fsf.org/order/order.html,,Free Software Foundation}. 
It contains binaries for a number of platforms, and
includes not only GCC, but other stuff as well. The current CD does
not contain the latest version of GCC, but it should allow
bootstrapping the compiler. An updated version of that disk is in the
works.

@html
<hr>
<p>
@end html
@ifhtml
@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}
@end ifhtml
@end ifset

@c ***Specific****************************************************************
@ifinfo
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Specific, Concept Index, Binaries, Top
@end ifinfo
@ifset specifichtml
@html
<h1 align="center">Host/target specific installation notes for GCC</h1>
@end html
@ifnothtml
@chapter Host/target specific installation notes for GCC
@end ifnothtml
@cindex Specific
@cindex Specific installation notes
@cindex Target specific installation
@cindex Host specific installation
@cindex Target specific installation notes

Please read this document carefully @emph{before} installing the
GNU Compiler Collection on your machine.

@ifhtml
@itemize
@item
@uref{#1750a-*-*,,1750a-*-*}
@item
@uref{#a29k,,a29k}
@item
@uref{#a29k-*-bsd,,a29k-*-bsd}
@item
@uref{#alpha*-*-*,,alpha*-*-*}
@item
@uref{#alpha-*-osf1,,alpha-*-osf1}
@item
@uref{#alpha*-dec-osf*,,alpha*-dec-osf*}
@item
@uref{#arc-*-elf,,arc-*-elf}
@item
@uref{#arm-*-aout,,arm-*-aout}
@item
@uref{#arm-*-elf,,arm-*-elf}
@item
@uref{#arm*-*-linux-gnu,,arm*-*-linux-gnu}
@item
@uref{#arm-*-riscix,,arm-*-riscix}
@item
@uref{#avr,,avr}
@item
@uref{#decstation-*,,decstation-*}
@item
@uref{#dos,,DOS}
@item
@uref{#dsp16xx,,dsp16xx}
@item
@uref{#elxsi-elxsi-bsd,,elxsi-elxsi-bsd}
@item
@uref{#h8300-hms,,h8300-hms}
@item
@uref{#hppa*-hp-hpux*,,hppa*-hp-hpux*}
@item
@uref{#hppa*-hp-hpux9,,hppa*-hp-hpux9}
@item
@uref{#hppa*-hp-hpux10,,hppa*-hp-hpux10}
@item
@uref{#hppa*-hp-hpux11,,hppa*-hp-hpux11}
@item
@uref{#*-*-freebsd*,,*-*-freebsd*}
@item
@uref{#i370-*-*,,i370-*-*}
@item
@uref{#*-*-linux-gnu,,*-*-linux-gnu}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-linux*oldld,,i?86-*-linux*oldld}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-linux*aout,,i?86-*-linux*aout}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-linux*,,i?86-*-linux*}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-sco,,i?86-*-sco}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-sco3.2v4,,i?86-*-sco3.2v4}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-sco3.2v5*,,i?86-*-sco3.2v5*}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-udk,,i?86-*-udk}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-isc,,i?86-*-isc}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-esix,,i?86-*-esix}
@item
@uref{#ix86-ibm-aix,,i?86-ibm-aix}
@item
@uref{#ix86-sequent-bsd,,i?86-sequent-bsd}
@item
@uref{#ix86-sequent-ptx1*,,i?86-sequent-ptx1*, i?86-sequent-ptx2*}
@item
@uref{#ix86-*-sysv3*,,i?86-*-sysv3*}
@item
@uref{#i860-intel-osf*,,i860-intel-osf*}
@item
@uref{#*-lynx-lynxos,,*-lynx-lynxos}
@item
@uref{#*-ibm-aix*,,*-ibm-aix*}
@item
@uref{#m32r-*-elf,,m32r-*-elf}
@item
@uref{#m68000-hp-bsd,,m68000-hp-bsd}
@item
@uref{#m6811-elf,,m6811-elf}
@item
@uref{#m6812-elf,,m6812-elf}
@item
@uref{#m68k-altos,,m68k-altos}
@item
@uref{#m68k-apple-aux,,m68k-apple-aux}
@item
@uref{#m68k-att-sysv,,m68k-att-sysv}
@item
@uref{#m68k-bull-sysv,,m68k-bull-sysv}
@item
@uref{#m68k-crds-unox,,m68k-crds-unox}
@item
@uref{#m68k-hp-hpux,,m68k-hp-hpux}
@item
@uref{#m68k-*-nextstep*,,m68k-*-nextstep*}
@item
@uref{#m68k-ncr-*,,m68k-ncr-*}
@item
@uref{#m68k-sun,,m68k-sun}
@item
@uref{#m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1,,m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1}
@item
@uref{#m88k-*-svr3,,m88k-*-svr3}
@item
@uref{#m88k-*-dgux,,m88k-*-dgux}
@item
@uref{#m88k-tektronix-sysv3,,m88k-tektronix-sysv3}
@item
@uref{#mips-*-*,,mips-*-*}
@item
@uref{#mips-mips-bsd,,mips-mips-bsd}
@item
@uref{#mips-mips-riscos*,,mips-mips-riscos*}
@item
@uref{#mips*-sgi-irix[45],,mips*-sgi-irix[45]}
@item
@uref{#mips*-sgi-irix6,,mips*-sgi-irix6}
@item
@uref{#mips-sony-sysv,,mips-sony-sysv}
@item
@uref{#ns32k-encore,,ns32k-encore}
@item
@uref{#ns32k-*-genix,,ns32k-*-genix}
@item
@uref{#ns32k-sequent,,ns32k-sequent}
@item
@uref{#ns32k-utek,,ns32k-utek}
@item
@uref{#powerpc-*-elf,,powerpc-*-elf, powerpc-*-sysv4}
@item
@uref{#powerpc-*-linux-gnu*,,powerpc-*-linux-gnu*}
@item
@uref{#powerpc-*-eabiaix,,powerpc-*-eabiaix}
@item
@uref{#powerpc-*-eabisim,,powerpc-*-eabisim}
@item
@uref{#powerpc-*-eabi,,powerpc-*-eabi}
@item
@uref{#powerpcle-*-elf,,powerpcle-*-elf, powerpcle-*-sysv4}
@item
@uref{#powerpcle-*-eabisim,,powerpcle-*-eabisim}
@item
@uref{#powerpcle-*-eabi,,powerpcle-*-eabi}
@item
@uref{#powerpcle-*-winnt,,powerpcle-*-winnt, powerpcle-*-pe}
@item
@uref{#romp-*-aos,,romp-*-aos, romp-*-mach}
@item
@uref{#*-*-solaris*,,*-*-solaris*}
@item
@uref{#sparc-sun-*,,sparc-sun-*}
@item
@uref{#sparc-sun-solaris*,,sparc-sun-solaris*}
@item
@uref{#sparc-sun-solaris2.7,,sparc-sun-solaris2.7}
@item
@uref{#*-sun-solaris2.8,,*-sun-solaris2.8}
@item
@uref{#sunv5,,Sun V5.0 Compiler Bugs}
@item
@uref{#sparc-sun-sunos*,,sparc-sun-sunos*}
@item
@uref{#sparc-unknown-linux-gnulibc1,,sparc-unknown-linux-gnulibc1}
@item
@uref{#sparc64-*-*,,sparc64-*-*}
@item
@uref{#*-*-sysv*,,*-*-sysv*}
@item
@uref{#vax-dec-ultrix,,vax-dec-ultrix}
@item
@uref{#we32k-*-*,,we32k-*-*}
@item
@uref{#windows,,Microsoft Windows}
@item
@uref{#os2,,OS/2}
@item
@uref{#older,,Older systems}
@end itemize

@itemize
@item
@uref{#elf_targets,,all ELF targets} (SVR4, Solaris, etc.)
@end itemize
@end ifhtml


@html
<!-- -------- host/target specific issues start here ---------------- -->
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{1750a-*-*}1750a-*-*
MIL-STD-1750A processors.

The MIL-STD-1750A cross configuration produces output for
@code{as1750}, an assembler/linker available under the GNU Public
License for the 1750A. @code{as1750} can be obtained at
@uref{ftp://ftp.fta-berlin.de/pub/crossgcc/1750gals/}.
A similarly licensed simulator for
the 1750A is available from same address.

You should ignore a fatal error during the building of libgcc (libgcc is
not yet implemented for the 1750A.)

The @code{as1750} assembler requires the file @file{ms1750.inc}, which is
found in the directory @file{config/1750a}.

GNU CC produced the same sections as the Fairchild F9450 C Compiler,
namely:

@table @code
@item Normal
The program code section.

@item Static
The read/write (RAM) data section.

@item Konst
The read-only (ROM) constants section.

@item Init
Initialization section (code to copy KREL to SREL).
@end table

The smallest addressable unit is 16 bits (BITS_PER_UNIT is 16).  This
means that type `char' is represented with a 16-bit word per character.
The 1750A's "Load/Store Upper/Lower Byte" instructions are not used by
GNU CC.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{a29k}a29k
AMD Am29k-family processors.  These are normally used in embedded
applications.  There are no standard Unix configurations.
This configuration
corresponds to AMD's standard calling sequence and binary interface
and is compatible with other 29k tools.

You may need to make a variant of the file @file{a29k.h} for your
particular configuration.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{a29k-*-bsd}a29k-*-bsd
AMD Am29050 used in a system running a variant of BSD Unix.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{alpha*-*-*}alpha*-*-*

This section contains general configuration information for all
alpha-based platforms using ELF (in particular, ignore this section for
OSF and tru64).  In addition to reading this section, please read all
other sections that match your target.

We require binutils 2.11.1 (as of yet unreleased), binutils with
binutils-2_11-branch tag after May 31, 2001 (as taken below), or newer.
Previous binutils releases had a number of problems with DWARF2
debugging information, not the least of which is incorrect linking of
shared libraries.

Until binutils 2.11.1 is released, these sample commands may be useful:

@smallexample
mkdir binutils-2.11.X; cd binutils-2.11.X
cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@@anoncvs.cygnus.com:/cvs/src \
  co -rbinutils-2_11-branch -P binutils
mkdir obj; cd obj
../src/configure --prefix=@emph{an-absolute-path}
make all check install
@end smallexample

When configuring gcc, provide explicit @option{--with-gnu-as}
@option{--with-as=}@emph{an-absolute-path/bin/as} and
@option{--with-gnu-ld} @option{--with-ld=}@emph{an-absolute-path/bin/ld}
options to point into the prefix used above.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{alpha-*-osf1}alpha-*-osf1
Systems using processors that implement the DEC Alpha architecture and
are running the DEC Unix (OSF/1) operating system, for example the DEC
Alpha AXP systems.CC.)

GNU CC writes a @samp{.verstamp} directive to the assembler output file
unless it is built as a cross-compiler.  It gets the version to use from
the system header file @file{/usr/include/stamp.h}.  If you install a
new version of DEC Unix, you should rebuild GCC to pick up the new version
stamp.

Note that since the Alpha is a 64-bit architecture, cross-compilers from
32-bit machines will not generate code as efficient as that generated
when the compiler is running on a 64-bit machine because many
optimizations that depend on being able to represent a word on the
target in an integral value on the host cannot be performed.  Building
cross-compilers on the Alpha for 32-bit machines has only been tested in
a few cases and may not work properly.

@code{make compare} may fail on old versions of DEC Unix unless you add
@samp{-save-temps} to @code{CFLAGS}.  On these systems, the name of the
assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes
comparison fail if it differs between the @code{stage1} and
@code{stage2} compilations.  The option @samp{-save-temps} forces a
fixed name to be used for the assembler input file, instead of a
randomly chosen name in @file{/tmp}.  Do not add @samp{-save-temps}
unless the comparisons fail without that option.  If you add
@samp{-save-temps}, you will have to manually delete the @samp{.i} and
@samp{.s} files after each series of compilations.

GNU CC now supports both the native (ECOFF) debugging format used by DBX
and GDB and an encapsulated STABS format for use only with GDB.  See the
discussion of the @samp{--with-stabs} option of @file{configure} above
for more information on these formats and how to select them.

There is a bug in DEC's assembler that produces incorrect line numbers
for ECOFF format when the @samp{.align} directive is used.  To work
around this problem, GNU CC will not emit such alignment directives
while writing ECOFF format debugging information even if optimization is
being performed.  Unfortunately, this has the very undesirable
side-effect that code addresses when @samp{-O} is specified are
different depending on whether or not @samp{-g} is also specified.

To avoid this behavior, specify @samp{-gstabs+} and use GDB instead of
DBX.  DEC is now aware of this problem with the assembler and hopes to
provide a fix shortly.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{alpha*-dec-osf*}alpha*-dec-osf*

If you install a shared libstdc++ and, when you link a non-trivial C++
program (for example, @file{gcc/testsuite/g++.other/delete3.C}),
the linker reports a couple of errors about multiply-defined symbols
(for example, @code{nothrow}, @code{__throw} and
@code{terminate(void)}), you've probably got a linker bug, for
which there's no known fix.  The officially recommended work-around is
to remove the shared libstdc++.

An alternative solution is to arrange that all symbols from
@code{libgcc} get copied to the shared @code{libstdc++};
see detailed solution below.  (Surprising as it may seem, this does
indeed fix the problem!)  @emph{Beware} that this may bring you
binary-compatibility problems in the future, if you don't use the same
work-around next time you build @code{libstdc++}: if programs
start to depend on @code{libstdc++} to provide symbols that used
to be only in @code{libgcc}, you must arrange that
@code{libstdc++} keeps providing them, otherwise the programs
will have to be relinked.

The magic spell is to add @code{-Wl,-all,-lgcc,-none} to the
definition of macro @code{SHDEPS} in
@file{libstdc++/config/dec-osf.ml} @emph{before}
@file{alpha*-dec-osf*/libstdc++/Makefile} is created (a 
@uref{dec-osf-shlibstdc++.patch,,patch} 
that does just that is available).  If the Makefile already exists, run
@file{./config.status} within directory
@file{alpha*-dec-osf*/libstdc++} (and
@file{alpha*-dec-osf*/ieee/libstdc++}, if it also exists).
Remove any existing @file{libstdc++.so*} from such directories,
and run @samp{make all-target-libstdc++} in the top-level
directory, then @samp{make install-target-libstdc++}.

If you have already removed the build tree, you may just remove
@file{libstdc++.so.2.10.0} from the install tree and re-create
it with the command 
@samp{gcc -shared -o libstdc++.so.2.10.0 -Wl,-all,-lstdc++,-lgcc,-none -lm}.
If the @file{ieee}
sub-directory exists, repeat this command in it, with the additional
flag @option{-mieee}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{arc-*-elf}arc-*-elf
Argonaut ARC processor.
This configuration is intended for embedded systems.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{arm-*-aout}arm-*-aout
Advanced RISC Machines ARM-family processors.  These are often used in
embedded applications.  There are no standard Unix configurations.
This configuration corresponds to the basic instruction sequences and will
produce @file{a.out} format object modules.

You may need to make a variant of the file @file{arm.h} for your particular
configuration.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{arm-*-elf}arm-*-elf
This configuration is intended for embedded systems.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{arm*-*-linux-gnu}arm*-*-linux-gnu

We require GNU binutils 2.10 or newer.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{arm-*-riscix}arm-*-riscix
The ARM2 or ARM3 processor running RISC iX, Acorn's port of BSD Unix.
If you are running a version of RISC iX prior to 1.2 then you must
specify the version number during configuration.  Note that the
assembler shipped with RISC iX does not support stabs debugging
information; a new version of the assembler, with stabs support
included, is now available from Acorn and via ftp
@uref{ftp://ftp.acorn.com/pub/riscix/as+xterm.tar.Z}.  To enable stabs
debugging, pass @samp{--with-gnu-as} to configure.

You will need to install GNU @file{sed} before you can run configure.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{avr}avr

ATMEL AVR-family micro controllers.  These are used in embedded
applications.  There are no standard Unix configurations.  @xref{AVR
Options,, AVR Options, gcc, Using and Porting the GNU Compiler
Collection (GCC)}, for the list of supported MCU types.

Use @samp{configure --target=avr} 
@option{--enable-languages="c"}' to configure GCC.

Further installation notes and other useful information about AVR tools
can also be obtained from:

@itemize @bullet
@item
@uref{http://home.overta.ru/users/denisc,,http://home.overta.ru/users/denisc}
@item
@uref{http://www.itnet.pl/amelektr/avr,,http://www.itnet.pl/amelektr/avr}
@end itemize

We @emph{strongly} recommend using binutils 2.11 or newer.

The following error:
@example
  Error: register required
@end example

indicates that you should upgrade to a newer version of the binutils.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{decstation-*}decstation-*
MIPS-based DECstations can support three different personalities:
Ultrix, DEC OSF/1, and OSF/rose.  (Alpha-based DECstation products have
a configuration name beginning with @samp{alpha-dec}.)  To configure GCC
for these platforms use the following configurations:

@table @samp
@item decstation-ultrix
Ultrix configuration.

@item decstation-osf1
Dec's version of OSF/1.

@item decstation-osfrose
Open Software Foundation reference port of OSF/1 which uses the
OSF/rose object file format instead of ECOFF.  Normally, you
would not select this configuration.
@end table

The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}.  If you use the @samp{-O2}
optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
Both of these options are automatically generated in the
@file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{dos}DOS

Please have a look at our @uref{binaries.html,,binaries page}.

You cannot install GNU C by itself on MSDOS; it will not compile under
any MSDOS compiler except itself.  You need to get the complete
compilation package DJGPP, which includes binaries as well as sources,
and includes all the necessary compilation tools and libraries.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{dsp16xx}dsp16xx
A port to the AT&T DSP1610 family of processors.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{elxsi-elxsi-bsd}elxsi-elxsi-bsd
The Elxsi's C compiler has known limitations that prevent it from
compiling GNU C.  Please contact @email{mrs@@cygnus.com} for more details.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{h8300-hms}h8300-hms
Hitachi H8/300 series of processors.

Please have a look at our @uref{binaries.html,,binaries page}.

The calling convention and structure layout has changed in release 2.6.
All code must be recompiled.  The calling convention now passes the
first three arguments in function calls in registers.  Structures are no
longer a multiple of 2 bytes.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{hppa*-hp-hpux*}hppa*-hp-hpux*

We @emph{highly} recommend using gas/binutils-2.8 or newer on all hppa
platforms; you may encounter a variety of problems when using the HP 
assembler.

Specifically, @option{-g} does not work on HP-UX (since that system
uses a peculiar debugging format which GCC does not know about), unless you
use GAS and GDB and configure GCC with the
@uref{./configure.html#with-gnu-as,,@option{--with-gnu-as}} and
@option{--with-as=...} options.

If you wish to use pa-risc 2.0 architecture support, you must use either
the HP assembler, gas/binutils-2.11 or a recent
@uref{ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/binutils/snapshots,,snapshot of gas}.

More specific information to hppa*-hp-hpux* targets follows.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{hppa*-hp-hpux9}hppa*-hp-hpux9

The HP assembler has major problems on this platform.  We've tried to work
around the worst of the problems.  However, those workarounds may be causing
linker crashes in some circumstances; the workarounds also probably prevent
shared libraries from working.  Use the GNU assembler to avoid these problems.


The configuration scripts for GCC will also trigger a bug in the hpux9
shell.  To avoid this problem set @env{CONFIG_SHELL} to @file{/bin/ksh}
and @env{SHELL} to @file{/bin/ksh} in your environment.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{hppa*-hp-hpux10}hppa*-hp-hpux10

For hpux10.20, we @emph{highly} recommend you pick up the latest sed patch 
@code{PHCO_19798} from HP.  HP has two sites which provide patches free of 
charge:

@itemize @bullet
@item
@html
<a href="http://us-support.external.hp.com">US, Canada, Asia-Pacific, and
Latin-America</a>
@end html
@ifnothtml
@uref{http://us-support.external.hp.com,,}US, Canada, Asia-Pacific, and
Latin-America
@end ifnothtml
@item
@uref{http://europe-support.external.hp.com,,Europe}
@end itemize

The HP assembler on these systems is much better than the hpux9 assembler,
but still has some problems.  Most notably the assembler inserts timestamps
into each object file it creates, causing the 3-stage comparison test to fail
during a @samp{make bootstrap}.  You should be able to continue by 
saying @samp{make all} after getting the failure from @samp{make 
bootstrap}.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{hppa*-hp-hpux11}hppa*-hp-hpux11

GCC 3.0 supports HP-UX 11.  You must use GNU binutils 2.11 or above on
this platform.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{*-*-freebsd*}*-*-freebsd*

The version of binutils installed in /usr/bin is known to work unless
otherwise specified in any per-architecture notes.  However, binutils
2.11 is known to improve overall testsuite results.

For FreeBSD 1, FreeBSD 2 or any mutant a.out versions of FreeBSD 3: All
configuration support and files as shipped with gcc 2.95 are still in
place.  FreeBSD 2.2.7 has been known to bootstrap completely; however,
it is unknown which version of binutils was used (it is assumed that it
was the system copy in /usr/bin) and C++ EH failures were noted.

For FreeBSD using the ELF file format: DWARF2 debugging is now the
default for all CPU architectures.  It had been the default on
FreeBSD/alpha since its inception.  You may use @option{-gstabs} instead
of @option{-g}, if you really want the old debugging format.  There are
no known issues with mixing object files and libraries with different
debugging formats.  Otherwise, this release of gcc should now match more
of the configuration used in the stock FreeBSD configuration of gcc.  In
particular, @option{--enable-threads} is now configured by default.
However, as a general user, do not attempt to replace the system
compiler with this release.  Known to bootstrap and check with good
results on FreeBSD 3.0, 3.4, 4.0, 4.2, 4.3 and 5-CURRENT.

At this time, @option{--enable-threads} is not compatible with
@option{--enable-libgcj} on FreeBSD.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{i370-*-*}i370-*-*
This port is very preliminary and has many known bugs.  We hope to
have a higher-quality port for this machine soon.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{*-*-linux-gnu}*-*-linux-gnu

If you use glibc 2.2 (or 2.1.9x), GCC 2.95.2 won't install
out-of-the-box.  You'll get compile errors while building libstdc++.
The patch @uref{glibc-2.2.patch,,glibc-2.2.patch}, that is to be
applied in the GCC source tree, fixes the compatibility problems.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-linux*oldld}i?86-*-linux*oldld
Use this configuration to generate @file{a.out} binaries on Linux-based
GNU systems if you do not have gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later
installed. This is an obsolete configuration.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-linux*aout}i?86-*-linux*aout
Use this configuration to generate @file{a.out} binaries on Linux-based
GNU systems. This configuration is being superseded. You must use
gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-linux*}i?86-*-linux*

You will need binutils-2.9.1.0.15 or newer for exception handling to work.

If you receive Signal 11 errors when building on GNU/Linux, then it is
possible you have a hardware problem.  Further information on this can be
found on @uref{http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/,,www.bitwizard.nl}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-sco}i?86-*-sco
Compilation with RCC is recommended.  Also, it may be a good idea to
link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that comes with the system.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-sco3.2v4}i?86-*-sco3.2v4
Use this configuration for SCO release 3.2 version 4.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-sco3.2v5*}i?86-*-sco3.2v5*
Use this for the SCO OpenServer Release 5 family of operating systems.

Unlike earlier versions of GCC, the ability to generate COFF with this
target is no longer provided.

Earlier versions of GCC emitted Dwarf-1 when generating ELF to allow
the system debugger to be used.  That support was too burdensome to
maintain.  GCC now emits only dwarf-2 for this target.  This means you
may use either the UDK debugger or GDB to debug programs built by this
version of GCC.

If you are building languages other than C, you must follow the instructions
about invoking @samp{make bootstrap} because the native OpenServer
compiler will build a @command{cc1plus} that will not correctly parse many
valid C++ programs including those in @file{libgcc.a}.  
@strong{You must do a @samp{make bootstrap} if you are building with the 
native compiler.}

Use of the @option{-march-pentiumpro} flag can result in
unrecognized opcodes when using the native assembler on OS versions before
5.0.6. (Support for P6 opcodes was added to the native ELF assembler in
that version.)  While it's rather rare to see these emitted by GCC yet, 
errors of the basic form:

@example
  /usr/tmp/ccaNlqBc.s:22:unknown instruction: fcomip
  /usr/tmp/ccaNlqBc.s:50:unknown instruction: fucomip
@end example

are symptoms of this problem.  You may work around this by not
building affected files with that flag, by using the GNU assembler, or
by using the assembler provided with the current version of the OS.
Users of GNU assembler should see the note below for hazards on doing
so.

The native SCO assembler that is provided with the OS at no
charge is normally required.  If, however, you must be able to use
the GNU assembler (perhaps you're compiling code with asms that
require GAS syntax) you may configure this package using the flags
@uref{./configure.html#with-gnu-as,,@option{--with-gnu-as}}.  You must
use a recent version of GNU binutils; versions past 2.9.1 seem to work
well.

In general, the @option{--with-gnu-as} option isn't as well tested
as the native assembler.

Look in @file{gcc/config/i386/sco5.h} (search for "messy") for
additional OpenServer-specific flags.

Systems based on OpenServer before 5.0.4 (@samp{uname -X}
will tell you what you're running) require TLS597 from ftp.sco.com/TLS
for C++ constructors and destructors to work right.

The system linker in (at least) 5.0.4 and 5.0.5 will sometimes
do the wrong thing for a construct that GCC will emit for PIC
code.  This can be seen as execution testsuite failures when using
-fPIC on 921215-1.c, 931002-1.c, nestfunc-1.c, and gcov-1.c.
For 5.0.5, an updated linker that will cure this problem is
available.  You must install both 
@uref{ftp://ftp.sco.com/Supplements/rs505a/,,ftp://ftp.sco.com/Supplements/rs505a/}
and @uref{ftp://ftp.sco.com/SLS/,,OSS499A}.

The dynamic linker in OpenServer 5.0.5 (earlier versions may show
the same problem) aborts on certain g77-compiled programs.  It's particularly
likely to be triggered by building Fortran code with the @option{-fPIC} flag.
Although it's conceivable that the error could be triggered by other
code, only G77-compiled code has been observed to cause this abort.
If you are getting core dumps immediately upon execution of your
g77 program - and especially if it's compiled with -fPIC - try applying
@uref{sco_osr5_g77.patch,,@file{sco_osr5_g77.patch}} to your libf2c and 
rebuilding GCC.  
Affected faults, when analyzed in a debugger, will show a stack
backtrace with a fault occurring in @code{rtld()} and the program
running as @file{/usr/lib/ld.so.1}.  This problem has been reported to SCO 
engineering and will hopefully be addressed in later releases.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-udk}i?86-*-udk

This target emulates the SCO Universal Development Kit and requires that
package be installed.  (If it is installed, you will have a 
@file{/udk/usr/ccs/bin/cc } file present.)  It's very much like the 
@code{i?86-*-unixware7*} target
but is meant to be used when hosting on a system where UDK isn't the
default compiler such as OpenServer 5 or Unixware 2.  This target will
generate binaries that will run on OpenServer, Unixware 2, or Unixware 7, 
with the same warnings and caveats as the SCO UDK.

You can stage1 with either your native compiler or with UDK.   If you
don't do a full bootstrap when initially building with your native compiler
you will have an utterly unusable pile of bits as your reward.

This target is a little tricky to build because we have to distinguish
it from the native tools (so it gets headers, startups, and libraries
from the right place) while making the tools not think we're actually 
building a cross compiler.   The easiest way to do this is with a configure
command like this:

@samp{CC=/udk/usr/ccs/bin/cc <i>/your/path/to/</i>gcc/configure 
--host=i686-pc-udk --target=i686-pc-udk --program-prefix=udk-}

@emph{You should substitute 'i686' in the above command with the appropriate
processor for your host.}

You should follow this with a @samp{make bootstrap}  then
@samp{make install}.  You can then access the UDK-targeted GCC 
tools by adding @command{udk-} before the commonly known name.  For
example, to invoke the C compiler, you would use @command{udk-gcc}.
They will coexist peacefully with any native-target GCC tools you may
have installed.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-isc}i?86-*-isc
It may be a good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that
comes with the system.

In ISC version 4.1, @file{sed} core dumps when building
@file{deduced.h}.  Use the version of @file{sed} from version 4.0.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-*-esix}i?86-*-esix
It may be good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that
comes with the system.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-ibm-aix}i?86-ibm-aix
You need to use GAS version 2.1 or later, and LD from
GNU binutils version 2.2 or later.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-sequent-bsd}i?86-sequent-bsd
Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ix86-sequent-ptx1*}i?86-sequent-ptx1*, i?86-sequent-ptx2*
You must install GNU @file{sed} before running @file{configure}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{#ix86-*-sysv3*}i?86-*-sysv3*
The @code{fixproto} shell script may trigger a bug in the system shell.
If you encounter this problem, upgrade your operating system or
use BASH (the GNU shell) to run @code{fixproto}.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{i860-intel-osf*}i860-intel-osf*
On the Intel Paragon (an i860 machine), if you are using operating
system version 1.0, you will get warnings or errors about redefinition
of @code{va_arg} when you build GCC.

If this happens, then you need to link most programs with the library
@file{iclib.a}.  You must also modify @file{stdio.h} as follows: before
the lines

@example
#if     defined(__i860__) && !defined(_VA_LIST)
#include <va_list.h>
@end example

@noindent
insert the line

@example
#if __PGC__
@end example

@noindent
and after the lines

@example
extern int  vprintf(const char *, va_list );
extern int  vsprintf(char *, const char *, va_list );
#endif
@end example

@noindent
insert the line

@example
#endif /* __PGC__ */
@end example

These problems don't exist in operating system version 1.1.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{*-lynx-lynxos}*-lynx-lynxos
LynxOS 2.2 and earlier comes with GNU CC 1.x already installed as
@file{/bin/gcc}.  You should compile with this instead of @file{/bin/cc}.
You can tell GNU CC to use the GNU assembler and linker, by specifying
@samp{--with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld} when configuring.  These will produce
COFF format object files and executables;  otherwise GNU CC will use the
installed tools, which produce @file{a.out} format executables.

@html
</p>
<hr>
<!-- rs6000-ibm-aix*, powerpc-ibm-aix* -->
@end html
@heading @anchor{*-ibm-aix*}*-ibm-aix*

AIX Make frequently has problems with GCC makefiles.  GNU Make 3.76 or
newer is recommended to build on this platform.

Errors involving "alloca" when building GCC generally are due
to an incorrect definition of @var{CC} in the Makefile or mixing files
compiled with the native C compiler and GCC.  During the stage1 phase of
the build, the native AIX compiler @strong{must} be invoked as "cc"
(not "xlc").  Once @command{configure} has been informed of
"xlc", one needs to use @samp{make distclean} to remove the
configure cache files and ensure that @env{CC} environment variable
does not provide a definition that will confuse @command{configure}.
If this error occurs during stage2 or later, then the problem most likely
is the version of Make (see above).

Binutils 2.10 does not support AIX 4.3.  Binutils available from the
@uref{http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/,,AIX
Toolbox for Linux: GNU and Open Source tools for AIX};
website does work.  Binutils 2.11 is expected to include AIX 4.3
support.  The GNU Assembler is necessary for libstdc++ to build.  The
AIX native ld still is recommended.  The native AIX tools do
interoperate with GCC.

Linking executables and shared libraries may produce warnings of
duplicate symbols.  The assembly files generated by GCC for AIX always
have included multiple symbol definitions for certain global variable
and function declarations in the original program.  The warnings should
not prevent the linker from producing a correct library or runnable
executable.

AIX 4.3 utilizes a "large format" archive to support both 32-bit and
64-bit object modules.  The routines provided in AIX 4.3.0 and AIX 4.3.1
to parse archive libraries did not handle the new format correctly.
These routines are used by GCC and result in error messages during
linking such as "not a COFF file".  The version of the routines shipped
with AIX 4.3.1 should work for a 32-bit environment.  The @option{-g}
option of the archive command may be used to create archives of 32-bit
objects using the original "small format".  A correct version of the
routines is shipped with AIX 4.3.2.

Some versions of the AIX binder (linker) can fail with a relocation
overflow severe error when the @option{-bbigtoc} option is used to link
GCC-produced object files into an executable that overflows the TOC.  A fix
for APAR IX75823 (OVERFLOW DURING LINK WHEN USING GCC AND -BBIGTOC) is
available from IBM Customer Support and from its
@uref{http://service.boulder.ibm.com/,,service.boulder.ibm.com}
website as PTF U455193.

The AIX 4.3.2.1 linker (bos.rte.bind_cmds Level 4.3.2.1) will dump core
with a segmentation fault when invoked by any version of GCC.  A fix for
APAR IX87327 is available from IBM Customer Support and from its
@uref{http://service.boulder.ibm.com/,,service.boulder.ibm.com}
website as PTF U461879.  This fix is incorporated in AIX 4.3.3 and above.

The initial assembler shipped with AIX 4.3.0 generates incorrect object
files.  A fix for APAR IX74254 (64BIT DISASSEMBLED OUTPUT FROM COMPILER FAILS
TO ASSEMBLE/BIND) is available from IBM Customer Support and from its
@uref{http://service.boulder.ibm.com/,,service.boulder.ibm.com}
website as PTF U453956.  This fix is incorporated in AIX 4.3.1 and above.

AIX provides National Language Support (NLS).  Compilers and assemblers
use NLS to support locale-specific representations of various data
formats including floating-point numbers (e.g., "."  vs "," for
separating decimal fractions).  There have been problems reported where
GCC does not produce the same floating-point formats that the assembler
expects.  If one encouters this problem, set the @env{LANG}
environment variable to "C" or "En_US".

By default, GCC for AIX 4.1 and above produces code that can be used on
both Power or PowerPC processors.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m32r-*-elf}m32r-*-elf
Mitsubishi M32R processor.
This configuration is intended for embedded systems.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68000-hp-bsd}m68000-hp-bsd
HP 9000 series 200 running BSD.  Note that the C compiler that comes
with this system cannot compile GNU CC; contact @email{law@@cygnus.com}
to get binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m6811-elf}m6811-elf
Motorola 68HC11 family micro controllers.  These are used in embedded
applications.  There are no standard Unix configurations.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m6812-elf}m6812-elf
Motorola 68HC12 family micro controllers.  These are used in embedded
applications.  There are no standard Unix configurations.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-altos}m68k-altos
Altos 3068.  You must use the GNU assembler, linker and debugger.
Also, you must fix a kernel bug.  Details in the file @file{README.ALTOS}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-apple-aux}m68k-apple-aux
Apple Macintosh running A/UX.
You may configure GCC  to use either the system assembler and
linker or the GNU assembler and linker.  You should use the GNU configuration
if you can, especially if you also want to use GNU C++.  You enabled
that configuration with + the @samp{--with-gnu-as} and @samp{--with-gnu-ld}
options to @code{configure}.

Note the C compiler that comes
with this system cannot compile GNU CC.  You can find binaries of GNU CC
for bootstrapping on @code{jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov}.
You will also a patched version of @file{/bin/ld} there that
raises some of the arbitrary limits found in the original.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-att-sysv}m68k-att-sysv
AT&T 3b1, a.k.a. 7300 PC.  This version of GNU CC cannot
be compiled with the system C compiler, which is too buggy.
You will need to get a previous version of GCC and use it to
bootstrap.  Binaries are available from the OSU-CIS archive, at
@uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/att7300/}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-bull-sysv}m68k-bull-sysv
Bull DPX/2 series 200 and 300 with BOS-2.00.45 up to BOS-2.01. GNU CC works
either with native assembler or GNU assembler. You can use
GNU assembler with native coff generation by providing @samp{--with-gnu-as} to
the configure script or use GNU assembler with dbx-in-coff encapsulation
by providing @samp{--with-gnu-as --stabs}. For any problem with native
assembler or for availability of the DPX/2 port of GAS, contact
@email{F.Pierresteguy@@frcl.bull.fr}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-crds-unox}m68k-crds-unox
Use @samp{configure unos} for building on Unos.

The Unos assembler is named @code{casm} instead of @code{as}.  For some
strange reason linking @file{/bin/as} to @file{/bin/casm} changes the
behavior, and does not work.  So, when installing GNU CC, you should
install the following script as @file{as} in the subdirectory where
the passes of GCC are installed:

@example
#!/bin/sh
casm $*
@end example

The default Unos library is named @file{libunos.a} instead of
@file{libc.a}.  To allow GNU CC to function, either change all
references to @samp{-lc} in @file{gcc.c} to @samp{-lunos} or link
@file{/lib/libc.a} to @file{/lib/libunos.a}.

@cindex @code{alloca}, for Unos
When compiling GNU CC with the standard compiler, to overcome bugs in
the support of @code{alloca}, do not use @samp{-O} when making stage 2.
Then use the stage 2 compiler with @samp{-O} to make the stage 3
compiler.  This compiler will have the same characteristics as the usual
stage 2 compiler on other systems.  Use it to make a stage 4 compiler
and compare that with stage 3 to verify proper compilation.

(Perhaps simply defining @code{ALLOCA} in @file{x-crds} as described in
the comments there will make the above paragraph superfluous.  Please
inform us of whether this works.)

Unos uses memory segmentation instead of demand paging, so you will need
a lot of memory.  5 Mb is barely enough if no other tasks are running.
If linking @file{cc1} fails, try putting the object files into a library
and linking from that library.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-hp-hpux}m68k-hp-hpux
HP 9000 series 300 or 400 running HP-UX.  HP-UX version 8.0 has a bug in
the assembler that prevents compilation of GNU CC.  This
bug manifests itself during the first stage of compilation, while
building @file{libgcc2.a}:

@smallexample
_floatdisf
cc1: warning: `-g' option not supported on this version of GCC
cc1: warning: `-g1' option not supported on this version of GCC
./xgcc: Internal compiler error: program as got fatal signal 11
@end smallexample

A patched version of the assembler is available as the file
@uref{ftp://altdorf.ai.mit.edu/archive/cph/hpux-8.0-assembler}.  If you
have HP software support, the patch can also be obtained directly from
HP, as described in the following note:

@quotation
This is the patched assembler, to patch SR#1653-010439, where the
assembler aborts on floating point constants.

The bug is not really in the assembler, but in the shared library
version of the function ``cvtnum(3c)''.  The bug on ``cvtnum(3c)'' is
SR#4701-078451.  Anyway, the attached assembler uses the archive
library version of ``cvtnum(3c)'' and thus does not exhibit the bug.
@end quotation

This patch is also known as PHCO_4484.

In addition, if you wish to use gas @samp{--with-gnu-as} you must use
gas version 2.1 or later, and you must use the GNU linker version 2.1 or
later.  Earlier versions of gas relied upon a program which converted the
gas output into the native HP-UX format, but that program has not been
kept up to date.  gdb does not understand that native HP-UX format, so
you must use gas if you wish to use gdb.

On HP-UX version 8.05, but not on 8.07 or more recent versions, the
@code{fixproto} shell script triggers a bug in the system shell.  If you
encounter this problem, upgrade your operating system or use BASH (the
GNU shell) to run @code{fixproto}.  This bug will cause the fixproto
program to report an error of the form:

@example
./fixproto: sh internal 1K buffer overflow
@end example

To fix this, you can also change the first line of the fixproto script
to look like:

@example
#!/bin/ksh
@end example


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-*-nextstep*}m68k-*-nextstep*

Current GCC versions probably do not work on version 2 of the NeXT
operating system.

On NeXTStep 3.0, the Objective C compiler does not work, due,
apparently, to a kernel bug that it happens to trigger.  This problem
does not happen on 3.1.

You absolutely @strong{must} use GNU sed and GNU make on this platform.


On NEXTSTEP 3.x where x < 3 the build of GCC will abort during  
stage1 with an error message like this:

@example
  _eh
  /usr/tmp/ccbbsZ0U.s:987:Unknown pseudo-op: .section
  /usr/tmp/ccbbsZ0U.s:987:Rest of line ignored. 1st junk character
  valued 95 (_).
@end example

The reason for this is the fact that NeXT's assembler for these  
versions of the operating system does not support the .section  
pseudo op that's needed for full C++ exception functionality.

As NeXT's assembler is a derived work from GNU as, a free  
replacement that does can be obtained at 
@uref{ftp://ftp.next.peak.org:/next-ftp/next/apps/devtools/as.3.3.NIHS.s.tar.gz,,ftp://ftp.next.peak.org:/next-ftp/next/apps/devtools/as.3.3.NIHS.s.tar.gz}.

If you try to build the integrated C++ & C++ runtime libraries on this system
you will run into trouble with include files.  The way to get around this is
to use the following sequence.  Note you must have write permission to
the directory @var{prefix} you specified in the configuration process of GCC
for this sequence to work.

@example
  cd bld-gcc
  make all-texinfo all-bison all-byacc all-binutils all-gas all-ld
  cd gcc
  make bootstrap
  make install-headers-tar
  cd ..
  make bootstrap3
@end example

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-ncr-*}m68k-ncr-*
On the Tower models 4@var{n}0 and 6@var{n}0, by default a process is not
allowed to have more than one megabyte of memory.  GCC cannot compile
itself (or many other programs) with @samp{-O} in that much memory.

To solve this problem, reconfigure the kernel adding the following line
to the configuration file:

@smallexample
MAXUMEM = 4096
@end smallexample


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-sun}m68k-sun
Sun 3.  We do not provide a configuration file to use the Sun FPA by
default, because programs that establish signal handlers for floating
point traps inherently cannot work with the FPA.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1}m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1

It is reported that you may need the GNU assembler on this platform.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m88k-*-svr3}m88k-*-svr3
Motorola m88k running the AT&T/Unisoft/Motorola V.3 reference port.
These systems tend to use the Green Hills C, revision 1.8.5, as the
standard C compiler.  There are apparently bugs in this compiler that
result in object files differences between stage 2 and stage 3.  If this
happens, make the stage 4 compiler and compare it to the stage 3
compiler.  If the stage 3 and stage 4 object files are identical, this
suggests you encountered a problem with the standard C compiler; the
stage 3 and 4 compilers may be usable.

It is best, however, to use an older version of GNU CC for bootstrapping
if you have one.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m88k-*-dgux}m88k-*-dgux
Motorola m88k running DG/UX.  To build 88open BCS native or cross
compilers on DG/UX, specify the configuration name as
@samp{m88k-*-dguxbcs} and build in the 88open BCS software development
environment.  To build ELF native or cross compilers on DG/UX, specify
@samp{m88k-*-dgux} and build in the DG/UX ELF development environment.
You set the software development environment by issuing
@samp{sde-target} command and specifying either @samp{m88kbcs} or
@samp{m88kdguxelf} as the operand.

If you do not specify a configuration name, @file{configure} guesses the
configuration based on the current software development environment.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{m88k-tektronix-sysv3}m88k-tektronix-sysv3
Tektronix XD88 running UTekV 3.2e.  Do not turn on
optimization while building stage1 if you bootstrap with
the buggy Green Hills compiler.  Also, The bundled LAI
System V NFS is buggy so if you build in an NFS mounted
directory, start from a fresh reboot, or avoid NFS all together.
Otherwise you may have trouble getting clean comparisons
between stages.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{mips-*-*}mips-*-*
If you use the 1.31 version of the MIPS assembler (such as was shipped
with Ultrix 3.1), you will need to use the -fno-delayed-branch switch
when optimizing floating point code.  Otherwise, the assembler will
complain when the GCC compiler fills a branch delay slot with a
floating point instruction, such as @code{add.d}.

If on a MIPS system you get an error message saying ``does not have gp
sections for all it's [sic] sectons [sic]'', don't worry about it.  This
happens whenever you use GAS with the MIPS linker, but there is not
really anything wrong, and it is okay to use the output file.  You can
stop such warnings by installing the GNU linker.

It would be nice to extend GAS to produce the gp tables, but they are
optional, and there should not be a warning about their absence.

Users have reported some problems with version 2.0 of the MIPS
compiler tools that were shipped with Ultrix 4.1.  Version 2.10
which came with Ultrix 4.2 seems to work fine.

Users have also reported some problems with version 2.20 of the
MIPS compiler tools that were shipped with RISC/os 4.x.  The earlier
version 2.11 seems to work fine.

Some versions of the MIPS linker will issue an assertion failure
when linking code that uses @code{alloca} against shared
libraries on RISC-OS 5.0, and DEC's OSF/1 systems.  This is a bug
in the linker, that is supposed to be fixed in future revisions.
To protect against this, GCC passes @samp{-non_shared} to the
linker unless you pass an explicit @samp{-shared} or
@samp{-call_shared} switch.

@heading @anchor{mips-mips-bsd}mips-mips-bsd
MIPS machines running the MIPS operating system in BSD mode.  It's
possible that some old versions of the system lack the functions
@code{memcpy}, @code{memmove}, @code{memcmp}, and @code{memset}.  If your
system lacks these, you must remove or undo the definition of
@code{TARGET_MEM_FUNCTIONS} in @file{mips-bsd.h}.

The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}.  If you use the @samp{-O2}
optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
Both of these options are automatically generated in the
@file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{mips-mips-riscos*}mips-mips-riscos*
The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}.  If you use the @samp{-O2}
optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
Both of these options are automatically generated in the
@file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.

MIPS computers running RISC-OS can support four different
personalities: default, BSD 4.3, System V.3, and System V.4
(older versions of RISC-OS don't support V.4).  To configure GCC
for these platforms use the following configurations:

@table @samp
@item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}
Default configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.

@item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}bsd
BSD 4.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.

@item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}sysv4
System V.4 configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@item mips-mips-riscos@code{rev}sysv
System V.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision @code{rev}.
@end table

The revision @code{rev} mentioned above is the revision of
RISC-OS to use.  You must reconfigure GCC when going from a
RISC-OS revision 4 to RISC-OS revision 5.  This has the effect of
avoiding a linker bug.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{mips*-sgi-irix[45]}mips*-sgi-irix[45]

In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 4, the "c.hdr.lib"
option must be installed from the CD-ROM supplied from Silicon Graphics.
This is found on the 2nd CD in release 4.0.1.

In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 5, the "compiler_dev.hdr"
subsystem must be installed from the IDO CD-ROM supplied by Silicon
Graphics.

@code{make compare} may fail on version 5 of IRIX unless you add
@samp{-save-temps} to @code{CFLAGS}.  On these systems, the name of the
assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes
comparison fail if it differs between the @code{stage1} and
@code{stage2} compilations.  The option @samp{-save-temps} forces a
fixed name to be used for the assembler input file, instead of a
randomly chosen name in @file{/tmp}.  Do not add @samp{-save-temps}
unless the comparisons fail without that option.  If you do you
@samp{-save-temps}, you will have to manually delete the @samp{.i} and
@samp{.s} files after each series of compilations.

The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
for switch statements with the @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500} option in
order to compile @file{cp/parse.c}.  If you use the @samp{-O2}
optimization option, you also need to use @samp{-Olimit 3000}.
Both of these options are automatically generated in the
@file{Makefile} that the shell script @file{configure} builds.
If you override the @code{CC} make variable and use the MIPS
compilers, you may need to add @samp{-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit 3000}.

On Irix version 4.0.5F, and perhaps on some other versions as well,
there is an assembler bug that reorders instructions incorrectly.  To
work around it, specify the target configuration
@samp{mips-sgi-irix4loser}.  This configuration inhibits assembler
optimization.

In a compiler configured with target @samp{mips-sgi-irix4}, you can turn
off assembler optimization by using the @samp{-noasmopt} option.  This
compiler option passes the option @samp{-O0} to the assembler, to
inhibit reordering.

The @samp{-noasmopt} option can be useful for testing whether a problem
is due to erroneous assembler reordering.  Even if a problem does not go
away with @samp{-noasmopt}, it may still be due to assembler
reordering---perhaps GNU CC itself was miscompiled as a result.

To enable debugging under Irix 5, you must use GNU as 2.5 or later,
and use the @samp{--with-gnu-as} configure option when configuring gcc.
GNU as is distributed as part of the binutils package.

You must use GAS on these platforms, as the native assembler can not handle 
the code for exception handling support. Either of these messages indicates 
that you are using the MIPS assembler when instead you should be using GAS:

@samp{  as0: Error: ./libgcc2.c, line 1:Badly delimited numeric literal
  .4byte $LECIE1-$LSCIE1
  as0: Error: ./libgcc2.c, line 1:malformed statement}

or:

@samp{  as0: Error: /src/bld-gcc/gcc/libgcc2.c, line 1:undefined symbol in expression
  .word $LECIE1-$LSCIE1}

These systems don't have ranlib, which various components in GCC need; you
should be able to avoid this problem by installing GNU binutils, which includes
a functional ranlib for this system.

You may get the following warning on irix4 platforms, it can be safely
ignored.
@example
  warning: foo.o does not have gp tables for all its sections.
@end example

When building GCC, the build process loops rebuilding cc1 over and
over again.  This happens on mips-sgi-irix5.2, and possibly other platforms.@*
It has been reported that this is a known bug in the make shipped with
IRIX 5.2.  We recommend you use GNU make instead of the vendor supplied
make program; however, you may have success with "smake" on IRIX 5.2 if
you do not have GNU make available.

See @uref{http://freeware.sgi.com/,,http://freeware.sgi.com/} for more
information about using GCC on IRIX platforms.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{mips*-sgi-irix6}mips*-sgi-irix6

You must @emph{not} use GAS on irix6 platforms; doing so will only
cause problems.

These systems don't have ranlib, which various components in GCC need; you
should be able to avoid this problem by making a dummy script called ranlib
which just exits with zero status and placing it in your path.

If you are using Irix cc as your bootstrap compiler, you must
ensure that the N32 ABI is in use.  To test this, compile a simple C
file with @command{cc} and then run @command{file} on the
resulting object file.  The output should look like:

@example
@code{    test.o: ELF N32 MSB ...}
@end example

If you see:
@example
@code{    test.o: ELF 32-bit MSB}
@end example

then your version of @command{cc} uses the O32 ABI default.  You
should set the environment variable @env{CC} to @samp{cc -n32}
before configuring GCC.

GCC does not currently support generating O32 ABI binaries in the
mips-sgi-irix6 configurations.  It used to be possible to create a GCC
with O32 ABI only support by configuring it for the mips-sgi-irix5
target.  See the link below for details.

GCC does not correctly pass/return structures which are
smaller than 16 bytes and which are not 8 bytes. The problem is very
involved and difficult to fix. It affects a number of other targets also,
but IRIX 6 is affected the most, because it is a 64 bit target, and 4 byte
structures are common. The exact problem is that structures are being padded
at the wrong end, e.g. a 4 byte structure is loaded into the lower 4 bytes
of the register when it should be loaded into the upper 4 bytes of the
register.

GCC is consistent with itself, but not consistent with the SGI C compiler
(and the SGI supplied runtime libraries), so the only failures that can
happen are when there are library functions that take/return such
structures. There are very few such library functions. I can only recall
seeing two of them: inet_ntoa, and semctl.

See @uref{http://freeware.sgi.com/,,http://freeware.sgi.com/} for more
information about using GCC on IRIX platforms.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{mips-sony-sysv}mips-sony-sysv
Sony MIPS NEWS.  This works in NEWSOS 5.0.1, but not in 5.0.2 (which
uses ELF instead of COFF).  Support for 5.0.2 will probably be provided
soon by volunteers.  In particular, the linker does not like the
code generated by GCC when shared libraries are linked in.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ns32k-encore}ns32k-encore
Encore ns32000 system.  Encore systems are supported only under BSD.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ns32k-*-genix}ns32k-*-genix
National Semiconductor ns32000 system.  Genix has bugs in @code{alloca}
and @code{malloc}; you must get the compiled versions of these from GNU
Emacs.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ns32k-sequent}ns32k-sequent
Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{ns32k-utek}ns32k-utek
UTEK ns32000 system (``merlin'').  The C compiler that comes with this
system cannot compile GNU CC; contact @samp{tektronix!reed!mason} to get
binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpc-*-elf}powerpc-*-elf, powerpc-*-sysv4
PowerPC system in big endian mode, running System V.4.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpc-*-linux-gnu*}powerpc-*-linux-gnu*

You will need 
@uref{ftp://ftp.varesearch.com/pub/support/hjl/binutils,,binutils-2.9.4.0.8} 
or newer for a working GCC. It is strongly recommended to recompile binutils
if you initially built it with gcc-2.7.2.x.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpc-*-eabiaix}powerpc-*-eabiaix
Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode with -mcall-aix selected as
the default.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpc-*-eabisim}powerpc-*-eabisim
Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode for use in running under the
PSIM simulator.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpc-*-eabi}powerpc-*-eabi
Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpcle-*-elf}powerpcle-*-elf, powerpcle-*-sysv4
PowerPC system in little endian mode, running System V.4.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpcle-*-eabisim}powerpcle-*-eabisim
Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode for use in running under
the PSIM simulator.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpcle-*-eabi}powerpcle-*-eabi
Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{powerpcle-*-winnt}powerpcle-*-winnt, powerpcle-*-pe
PowerPC system in little endian mode running Windows NT.

You can specify a default version for the @samp{-mcpu=}@var{cpu_type}
switch by using the configure option @samp{--with-cpu-}@var{cpu_type}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{romp-*-aos}romp-*-aos, romp-*-mach
The only operating systems supported for the IBM RT PC are AOS and
MACH.  GNU CC does not support AIX running on the RT.  We recommend you
compile GNU CC with an earlier version of itself; if you compile GNU CC
with @code{hc}, the Metaware compiler, it will work, but you will get
mismatches between the stage 2 and stage 3 compilers in various files.
These errors are minor differences in some floating-point constants and
can be safely ignored; the stage 3 compiler is correct.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{*-*-solaris*}*-*-solaris*

Starting with Solaris, Sun does not ship a C compiler any more. To
bootstrap and install GCC you first have to install a pre-built
compiler, see our @uref{binaries.html,,binaries page} for
details.

You must use GNU Make to build GCC on Solaris 2.  If you don't have GNU
Make installed, you can use the prebuilt compiler mentioned above to
build it.

Sun as 4.X is broken in that it cannot cope with long symbol names.
A typical error message might look similar to the following:

@samp{/usr/ccs/bin/as: "/var/tmp/ccMsw135.s", line 11041: 
error: can't compute value of an expression involving an external symbol.}

This is Sun bug 4237974.  This is fixed with patch 108908-02 and has
been fixed in later (5.x) versions of the assembler.

Solaris' /bin/sh will often fail to configure libstdc++-v3, boehm-gc or
libjava.  If you encounter this problem, set @var{CONFIG_SHELL} to
@code{/bin/ksh} in your environment and run @samp{make bootstrap} again.
Another possibility that sometimes helps is to remove
@code{*-*-solaris*/config.cache}.

@html
<p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{sparc-sun-*}sparc-sun-*
Sometimes on a Sun 4 you may observe a crash in the program
@code{genflags} or @code{genoutput} while building GCC.  This is said to
be due to a bug in @code{sh}.  You can probably get around it by running
@code{genflags} or @code{genoutput} manually and then retrying the
@code{make}.

@html
<p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{sparc-sun-solaris*}sparc-sun-solaris*
On Solaris 2, executables of GCC version 2.0.2 are commonly
available, but they have a bug that shows up when compiling current
versions of GCC: undefined symbol errors occur during assembly if you
use @samp{-g}.

The solution is to compile the current version of GCC without
@samp{-g}.  That makes a working compiler which you can use to recompile
with @samp{-g}.

Solaris 2 comes with a number of optional OS packages.  Some of these
packages are needed to use GCC fully.  If you did not install all
optional packages when installing Solaris, you will need to verify that
the packages that GCC needs are installed.

To check whether an optional package is installed, use
the @code{pkginfo} command.  To add an optional package, use the
@code{pkgadd} command.  For further details, see the Solaris
documentation.

For Solaris 2.0 and 2.1, GCC needs six packages: @samp{SUNWarc},
@samp{SUNWbtool}, @samp{SUNWesu}, @samp{SUNWhea}, @samp{SUNWlibm}, and
@samp{SUNWtoo}.

For Solaris 2.2, GCC needs an additional seventh package: @samp{SUNWsprot}.

On Solaris 2, trying to use the linker and other tools in
@file{/usr/ucb} to install GCC has been observed to cause trouble.
For example, the linker may hang indefinitely.  The fix is to remove
@file{/usr/ucb} from your @code{PATH}.

All releases of GNU binutils prior to 2.11.1 have known bugs on this
platform. We recommend the use of GNU binutils 2.11.1 or the vendor
tools (Sun as, Sun ld).

Unfortunately, C++ shared libraries, including libstdc++, won't work
properly if assembled with Sun as: the linker will complain about
relocations in read-only sections, in the definition of virtual
tables. Also, Sun as fails to process long symbols resulting from
mangling template-heavy C++ function names.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{sparc-sun-solaris2.7}sparc-sun-solaris2.7

Sun patch 107058-01 (1999-01-13) for SPARC Solaris 7 triggers a bug in
the dynamic linker.  This problem (Sun bug 4210064) affects GCC 2.8
and later, including all EGCS releases.  Sun formerly recommended
107058-01 for all Solaris 7 users, but around 1999-09-01 it started to
recommend it only for people who use Sun's compilers.
  
Here are some workarounds to this problem:
@itemize @bullet
@item
Do not install Sun patch 107058-01 until after Sun releases a
complete patch for bug 4210064.  This is the simplest course to take,
unless you must also use Sun's C compiler.  Unfortunately 107058-01
is preinstalled on some new Solaris-based hosts, so you may have to
back it out.
  
@item
Copy the original, unpatched Solaris 7
@command{/usr/ccs/bin/as} into
@command{/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2.7/2.95.1/as},
adjusting the latter name to fit your local conventions and software
version numbers.

@item
Install Sun patch 106950-03 (1999-05-25) or later.  Nobody with
both 107058-01 and 106950-03 installed has reported the bug with GCC
and Sun's dynamic linker.  This last course of action is riskiest,
for two reasons.  First, you must install 106950 on all hosts that
run code generated by GCC; it doesn't suffice to install it only on
the hosts that run GCC itself.  Second, Sun says that 106950-03 is
only a partial fix for bug 4210064, but Sun doesn't know whether the
partial fix is adequate for GCC.  Revision -08 or later should fix
the bug, but (as of 1999-10-06) it is still being tested.
@end itemize 


@html
<p>
<hr>
<!-- ripped from the same FAQ that I answered -->
@end html
@heading @anchor{*-sun-solaris2.8}*-sun-solaris2.8

Sun bug 4296832 turns up when compiling X11 headers with GCC 2.95 or
newer:  g++ will complain that types are missing.  These headers assume
that omitting the type means 'int'; this assumption worked for C89 but
is wrong for C++, and is now wrong for C99 also.

g++ accepts such (illegal) constructs with the option @option{-fpermissive}; it
will assume that any missing type is 'int' (as defined by C89).

For Solaris 8, this is fixed by revision 24 or later of patch 108652
(for SPARCs) or 108653 (for Intels).

Solaris 8's linker fails to link some libjava programs if
previously-installed GCC java libraries already exist in the configured
prefix.  For this reason, libgcj is disabled by default on Solaris 8.
If you use GNU ld, or if you don't have a previously-installed libgcj in
the same prefix, use @option{--enable-libgcj} to build and install the
Java libraries.

@html
<p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{sunv5}Sun V5.0 Compiler Bugs

The Sun V5.0 compilers are known to mis-compile GCC 2.95 and GCC 2.95.1,
which in turn causes GCC to fail its bootstrap comparison test.
GCC 2.95.2 has a workaround.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{sparc-sun-sunos*}sparc-sun-sunos*

A bug in the SunOS4 linker will cause it to crash when linking
-fPIC compiled objects (and will therefore not allow you to build
shared libraries).

To fix this problem you can either use the most recent version of
binutils or get the latest SunOS4 linker patch (patch ID 100170-10)
from Sun's patch site.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{sparc-unknown-linux-gnulibc1}sparc-unknown-linux-gnulibc1

It has been reported that you might need 
@uref{ftp://ftp.yggdrasil.com/private/hjl,,binutils-2.8.1.0.23}
for this platform, too.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{sparc64-*-*}sparc64-*-*

GCC version 2.95 is not able to compile code correctly for
@code{sparc64} targets.  Users of the Linux kernel, at least,
12~can use the @code{sparc32} program to start up a new shell
invocation with an environment that causes @command{configure} to
recognize (via @samp{uname -a}) the system as @var{sparc-*-*} instead.


@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{#*-*-sysv*}*-*-sysv*
On System V release 3, you may get this error message
while linking:

@smallexample
ld fatal: failed to write symbol name @var{something}
 in strings table for file @var{whatever}
@end smallexample

This probably indicates that the disk is full or your ULIMIT won't allow
the file to be as large as it needs to be.

This problem can also result because the kernel parameter @code{MAXUMEM}
is too small.  If so, you must regenerate the kernel and make the value
much larger.  The default value is reported to be 1024; a value of 32768
is said to work.  Smaller values may also work.

On System V, if you get an error like this,

@example
/usr/local/lib/bison.simple: In function `yyparse':
/usr/local/lib/bison.simple:625: virtual memory exhausted
@end example

@noindent
that too indicates a problem with disk space, ULIMIT, or @code{MAXUMEM}.

On a System V release 4 system, make sure @file{/usr/bin} precedes
@file{/usr/ucb} in @code{PATH}.  The @code{cc} command in
@file{/usr/ucb} uses libraries which have bugs.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{vax-dec-ultrix}vax-dec-ultrix
Don't try compiling with Vax C (@code{vcc}).  It produces incorrect code
in some cases (for example, when @code{alloca} is used).

Meanwhile, compiling @file{cp/parse.c} with pcc does not work because of
an internal table size limitation in that compiler.  To avoid this
problem, compile just the GNU C compiler first, and use it to recompile
building all the languages that you want to run.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{we32k-*-*}we32k-*-*
These computers are also known as the 3b2, 3b5, 3b20 and other similar
names.  (However, the 3b1 is actually a 68000.)

Don't use @samp{-g} when compiling with the system's compiler.  The
system's linker seems to be unable to handle such a large program with
debugging information.

The system's compiler runs out of capacity when compiling @file{stmt.c}
in GNU CC.  You can work around this by building @file{cpp} in GNU CC
first, then use that instead of the system's preprocessor with the
system's C compiler to compile @file{stmt.c}.  Here is how:

@smallexample
mv /lib/cpp /lib/cpp.att
cp cpp /lib/cpp.gnu
echo '/lib/cpp.gnu -traditional $@{1+"$@@"@}' > /lib/cpp
chmod +x /lib/cpp
@end smallexample

The system's compiler produces bad code for some of the GNU CC
optimization files.  So you must build the stage 2 compiler without
optimization.  Then build a stage 3 compiler with optimization.
That executable should work.  Here are the necessary commands:

@smallexample
make LANGUAGES=c CC=stage1/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage1/ -g"
make stage2
make CC=stage2/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage2/ -g -O"
@end smallexample

You may need to raise the ULIMIT setting to build a C++ compiler,
as the file @file{cc1plus} is larger than one megabyte.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{windows}Microsoft Windows (32 bit)

A port of GCC 2.95.x is included with the 
@uref{http://www.cygwin.com/,,Cygwin environment}.

Current (as of early 2001) snapshots of GCC will build under Cygwin
without modification.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{os2}OS/2

GCC does not currently support OS/2.  However, Andrew Zabolotny has been
working on a generic OS/2 port with pgcc.  The current code code can be found
at @uref{http://www.goof.com/pcg/os2/,,http://www.goof.com/pcg/os2/}.

An older copy of GCC 2.8.1 is included with the EMX tools available at 
@uref{ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/devtools/emx+gcc/,,
ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/devtools/emx+gcc/}.

@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{older}Older systems
 
GCC contains support files for many older (1980s and early 
1990s) Unix variants.  For the most part, support for these systems 
has not been deliberately removed, but it has not been maintained for 
several years and may suffer from bitrot.  Support from some systems 
has been removed from GCC 3: fx80, ns32-ns-genix, pyramid, tahoe, 
gmicro, spur; most of these targets had not been updated since GCC 
version 1.
 
Support for older systems as targets for cross-compilation is less 
problematic than support for them as hosts for GCC; if an enthusiast 
wishes to make such a target work again (including resurrecting any 
of the targets that never worked with GCC 2, starting from the last 
CVS version before they were removed), patches 
@uref{../contribute.html,,following the usual requirements} 
would be likely to be accepted, since they should not affect the 
support for more modern targets.
 
Support for old systems as hosts for GCC can cause problems if the 
workarounds for compiler, library and operating system bugs affect the 
cleanliness or maintainability of the rest of GCC.  In some cases, to 
bring GCC up on such a system, if still possible with current GCC, may 
require first installing an old version of GCC which did work on that 
system, and using it to compile a more recent GCC, to avoid bugs in 
the vendor compiler.  Old releases of GCC 1 and GCC 2 are available in 
the old-releases directory on the 
@uref{../mirrors.html,,GCC mirror sites}.  Header bugs may generally 
be avoided using @command{fixincludes}, but bugs or deficiencies in
libraries and the operating system may still cause problems.
 
For some systems, old versions of GNU binutils may also be useful, 
and are available from pub/binutils/old-releases on 
@uref{http://sources.redhat.com/mirrors.html,,sources.redhat.com mirror sites}.
 
Some of the information on specific systems above relates to 
such older systems, but much of the information 
about GCC on such systems (which may no longer be applicable to 
current GCC) is to be found in the GCC texinfo manual.
 
@html
</p>
<hr>
@end html
@heading @anchor{elf_targets}all ELF targets (SVR4, Solaris, etc.)

C++ support is significantly better on ELF targets if you use the
@uref{./configure.html#with-gnu-ld,,GNU linker}; duplicate copies of
inlines, vtables and template instantiations will be discarded
automatically.


@html
</p>
<hr>
<p>
@end html
@ifhtml
@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}
@end ifhtml
@end ifset

@c ***************************************************************************
@c Part 6 The End of the Document
@ifinfo
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Concept Index, , Specific, Top
@end ifinfo

@ifinfo
@unnumbered Concept Index

@printindex cp

@contents
@end ifinfo
@bye