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*: Regenerate. 

2011-09-27  Benjamin Kosnik  <bkoz@redhat.com>

	* doc/html/*: Regenerate.

	* doc/Makefile.am: Un-nest the ext output directory.
	* doc/Makefile.in: Regenerate.
	* spine.xml: Remove authors, add abstract for short
	contents. Rename to index.html for html output.
	* manual/spine.xml: Authors here, manual starts with index.html.
	* api.xml: Update.
	* faq.xml: Same.

Co-Authored-By: Jonathan Wakely <jwakely.gcc@gmail.com>

From-SVN: r179304
This commit is contained in:
Benjamin Kosnik 2011-09-28 01:37:10 +00:00 committed by Benjamin Kosnik
parent 78a7cbccbd
commit 5e3a0ed1a7
194 changed files with 9066 additions and 1482 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

14
libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog
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@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
2011-09-27 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
* doc/html/*: Regenerate.
* doc/Makefile.am: Un-nest the ext output directory.
* doc/Makefile.in: Regenerate.
* spine.xml: Remove authors, add abstract for short
contents. Rename to index.html for html output.
* manual/spine.xml: Authors here, manual starts with index.html.
* api.xml: Update.
* faq.xml: Same.
2011-09-27 Marcus Shawcroft <marcus.shawcroft@arm.com>
* libsupc++/tinfo.cc (type_info::operator==): Test __name instead
@ -16,7 +28,7 @@
* testsuite/23_containers/deque/modifiers/erase/50529.cc: Likewise.
* testsuite/23_containers/deque/modifiers/erase/3.cc: Adjust.
2011-09-25 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com
2011-09-25 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely.gcc@gmail.com>
PR libstdc++/48698

5
libstdc++-v3/doc/Makefile.am
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@ -477,8 +477,9 @@ ${docbook_outdir}/fo:
${docbook_outdir}/html:
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/ext
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/images
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/manual/ext
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/manual
${docbook_outdir}/pdf:
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/pdf
@ -521,7 +522,7 @@ stamp-html-docbook-images: stamp-html-docbook $(xml_images)
$(STAMP) stamp-html-docbook-images
stamp-html-docbook-lwg: stamp-html-docbook $(xml_extra)
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(xml_extra) ${docbook_outdir}/html/manual/ext
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(xml_extra) ${docbook_outdir}/html/ext
$(STAMP) stamp-html-docbook-lwg
stamp-html-docbook-data: stamp-html-docbook-images stamp-html-docbook-lwg

5
libstdc++-v3/doc/Makefile.in
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@ -877,8 +877,9 @@ ${docbook_outdir}/fo:
${docbook_outdir}/html:
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/ext
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/images
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/manual/ext
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/html/manual
${docbook_outdir}/pdf:
mkdir -p ${docbook_outdir}/pdf
@ -907,7 +908,7 @@ stamp-html-docbook-images: stamp-html-docbook $(xml_images)
$(STAMP) stamp-html-docbook-images
stamp-html-docbook-lwg: stamp-html-docbook $(xml_extra)
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(xml_extra) ${docbook_outdir}/html/manual/ext
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(xml_extra) ${docbook_outdir}/html/ext
$(STAMP) stamp-html-docbook-lwg
stamp-html-docbook-data: stamp-html-docbook-images stamp-html-docbook-lwg

11
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/api.html
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@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><link rel="home" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk02.html" title=""/><link rel="prev" href="bk02.html" title=""/><link rel="next" href="bk03.html" title=""/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library API Reference</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk02.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"/><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="article" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="api"/>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</h2></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright ©
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk02.html" title=""/><link rel="prev" href="bk02.html" title=""/><link rel="next" href="bk03.html" title=""/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library API Reference</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk02.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"/><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="article" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="api"/>The GNU C++ Library API Reference</h2></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright ©
2008
,
2010
<a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org/">FSF
</a>
</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice" title="Legal Notice"><a id="id373498"/><p>
<a class="link" href="manual/license.html" title="License">License
</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice" title="Legal Notice"><a id="id548867"/><p>
<a class="link" href="manual/license.html" title="License">License
</a>
</p></div></div></div><hr/></div><p>
The GNU C++ library sources have been specially formatted so that
@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/libstdc++-api-4.5/index.html">for the 4.5 release
</a>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/libstdc++-api-4.6/index.html">for the 4.6 release
</a>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/latest-doxygen/index.html">"the latest collection"
</a>
@ -53,4 +56,4 @@
</p><p>
In addition, a rendered set of man pages are available in the same
location specified above. Start with C++Intro(3).
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk02.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk02.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk02.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk02.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>

2
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/bk02.html
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><link rel="home" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="prev" href="manual/backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility"/><link rel="next" href="api.html" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"/></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="manual/backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr/></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="article"><a href="api.html">The GNU C++ Library API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="manual/backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> The GNU C++ Library API Reference</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="prev" href="manual/backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility"/><link rel="next" href="api.html" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"/></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="manual/backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr/></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="article"><a href="api.html">The GNU C++ Library API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="manual/backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> The GNU C++ Library API Reference</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

2
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/bk03.html
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><link rel="home" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="prev" href="api.html" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"/><link rel="next" href="faq.html" title="Frequently Asked Questions"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"/></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr/></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="article"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library API Reference </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Frequently Asked Questions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="prev" href="api.html" title="The GNU C++ Library API Reference"/><link rel="next" href="faq.html" title="Frequently Asked Questions"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"/></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr/></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="article"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="faq.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library API Reference </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Frequently Asked Questions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

6
libstdc++-v3/doc/html/faq.html
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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Frequently Asked Questions</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><link rel="home" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk03.html" title=""/><link rel="prev" href="bk03.html" title=""/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Frequently Asked Questions</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"/><td align="right"> </td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="article" title="Frequently Asked Questions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="faq"/>Frequently Asked Questions</h1></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright ©
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Frequently Asked Questions</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk03.html" title=""/><link rel="prev" href="bk03.html" title=""/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Frequently Asked Questions</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"/><td align="right"> </td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="article" title="Frequently Asked Questions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="faq"/>Frequently Asked Questions</h1></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright ©
2008, 2010
<a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org">FSF</a>
</p></div></div><hr/></div><div class="qandaset" title="Frequently Asked Questions"><a id="id398779"/><dl><dt/><dd><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="faq.html#faq.what">
</p></div></div><hr/></div><div class="qandaset" title="Frequently Asked Questions"><a id="id522425"/><dl><dt/><dd><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="faq.html#faq.what">
What is libstdc++?
</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="faq.html#faq.why">
Why should I use libstdc++?
@ -869,4 +869,4 @@
</p><p>
See <a class="link" href="manual/strings.html#strings.string.shrink" title="Shrink to Fit">Shrink-to-fit
strings</a> for a similar solution for strings.
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk03.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk03.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk03.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk03.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>ABI Policy and Guidelines</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; C++&#10; , &#10; ABI&#10; , &#10; version&#10; , &#10; dynamic&#10; , &#10; shared&#10; , &#10; compatibility&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance"/><link rel="prev" href="test.html" title="Test"/><link rel="next" href="api.html" title="API Evolution and Deprecation History"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">ABI Policy and Guidelines</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="test.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
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@ -482,41 +482,51 @@ gcc test.c -g -O2 -L. -lone -ltwo /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/PR24660">24660: versioning weak symbols in libstdc++</a>
</p><p>
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/PR19664">19664: libstdc++ headers should have pop/push of the visibility around the declarations</a>
</p></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="abi.biblio"/>Bibliography</h3></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id491668"/><p><span class="biblioid">
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</em>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id491685"/><p><span class="biblioid">
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ABIcheck
</a>
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C++ ABI Summary
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Intel Compilers for Linux Compatibility with the GNU Compilers
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Versioning With Namespaces
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</a>
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SYRCoSE 2009
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Pavel</span> <span class="surname">Shved</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Denis</span> <span class="surname">Silakov</span>. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="test.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Test </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> API Evolution and Deprecation History</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Pavel</span> <span class="surname">Shved</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Denis</span> <span class="surname">Silakov</span>. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="test.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="api.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Test </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> API Evolution and Deprecation History</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

8
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Algorithms
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</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
<a id="id652390" class="indexterm"/>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
The neatest accomplishment of the algorithms sect1 is that all the
work is done via iterators, not containers directly. This means two
important things:
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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Iterators
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 12. 
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 12. 
Numerics
</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>API Evolution and Deprecation History</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, api, evolution, deprecation, history"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance"/><link rel="prev" href="abi.html" title="ABI Policy and Guidelines"/><link rel="next" href="backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">API Evolution and Deprecation History</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="abi.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
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Porting and Maintenance
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@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ _Alloc_traits</code> have been removed.
<span class="type">__alloc</span> to select an underlying allocator that
satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this
underlying allocator was not user-configurable.
</p><div class="table"><a id="id492424"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.6. Extension Allocators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c3"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">Allocator (3.4)</th><th style="text-align: left">Header (3.4)</th><th style="text-align: left">Allocator (3.[0-3])</th><th style="text-align: left">Header (3.[0-3])</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::__new_alloc</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::__malloc_alloc_template&lt;int&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::debug_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::__default_alloc_template&lt;bool,int&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection
</p><div class="table"><a id="id708847"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.6. Extension Allocators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c3"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">Allocator (3.4)</th><th style="text-align: left">Header (3.4)</th><th style="text-align: left">Allocator (3.[0-3])</th><th style="text-align: left">Header (3.[0-3])</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::__new_alloc</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::__malloc_alloc_template&lt;int&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::debug_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">std::__default_alloc_template&lt;bool,int&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection
of available allocators. All of these new allocators are
standard-style. The following table includes details, along with
the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator.
</p><div class="table"><a id="id492654"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.7. Extension Allocators Continued</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators Continued" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">Allocator</th><th style="text-align: left">Include</th><th style="text-align: left">Version</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left">4.0.0</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left">4.2.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p>
</p><div class="table"><a id="id709077"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.7. Extension Allocators Continued</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators Continued" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">Allocator</th><th style="text-align: left">Include</th><th style="text-align: left">Version</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left">4.0.0</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator&lt;T&gt;</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code></td><td style="text-align: left">4.2.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p>
Debug mode first appears.
</p><p>
Precompiled header support <acronym class="acronym">PCH</acronym> support.
@ -237,4 +237,4 @@ The default behavior for comparing typeinfo names changed, so
in <code class="filename">typeinfo</code>, <code class="literal">__GXX_MERGED_TYPEINFO_NAMES</code>
now defaults to zero.
</p><p> Extensions modified: <code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code>.
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Contributing
<a id="id483220" class="indexterm"/>
<a id="id699646" class="indexterm"/>
</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
The GNU C++ Library follows an open development model. Active
contributors are assigned maintainer-ship responsibility, and given
@ -114,4 +114,4 @@
libstdc++ mailing list.
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Free Software Needs Free Documentation
</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
Appendices
</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="appendix.free"/>
Free Software Needs Free Documentation
<a id="id495593" class="indexterm"/>
<a id="id712010" class="indexterm"/>
</h1></div></div></div><p>
The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the
software--it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in
@ -121,6 +121,6 @@ prefer copylefted manuals to non-copylefted ones.
that lists free books available from other publishers</a>].
</p><p>Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</p><p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are
permitted worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this
notice is preserved.</p><p>Report any problems or suggestions to <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:webmaster@fsf.org">webmaster@fsf.org</a>&gt;</code>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Appendix D. 
notice is preserved.</p><p>Report any problems or suggestions to <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:webmaster@fsf.org">webmaster@fsf.org</a>&gt;</code>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backwards.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gpl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Backwards Compatibility </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Appendix D. 
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"/><link rel="prev" href="appendix_gpl.html" title="Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3"/><link rel="next" href="../bk02.html" title=""/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_gpl.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
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</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../bk02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="appendix.gfdl-1.3"/>GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</p><p>
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
@ -446,4 +446,4 @@ being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre><p>
use in free software.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_gpl.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../bk02.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Appendix D. 
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table></div></body></html>

8
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"/><link rel="prev" href="appendix_free.html" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation"/><link rel="next" href="appendix_gfdl.html" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix D. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"/><link rel="prev" href="appendix_free.html" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation"/><link rel="next" href="appendix_gfdl.html" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix D. 
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_free.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
Appendices
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
</p><p>
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.
</p><h2><a id="id495933"/>
</p><h2><a id="id712349"/>
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
</h2><h2><a id="gpl-3-definitions"/>
0. Definitions.
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in
return for a fee.
</p><h2><a id="id496756"/>
</p><h2><a id="id713173"/>
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
</h2><h2><a id="HowToApply"/>
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
@ -680,4 +680,4 @@ under certain conditions; type ‘<code class="literal">show c</code>’ for det
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_free.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt04.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gfdl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Appendix C. 
Free Software Needs Free Documentation
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Associative</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="containers.html" title="Chapter 9.  Containers"/><link rel="prev" href="containers.html" title="Chapter 9.  Containers"/><link rel="next" href="containers_and_c.html" title="Interacting with C"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Associative</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="containers.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 9. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Associative</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="containers.html" title="Chapter 9.  Containers"/><link rel="prev" href="containers.html" title="Chapter 9.  Containers"/><link rel="next" href="containers_and_c.html" title="Interacting with C"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Associative</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="containers.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 9. 
Containers
</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="containers_and_c.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section" title="Associative"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.containers.associative"/>Associative</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Insertion Hints"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="containers.associative.insert_hints"/>Insertion Hints</h3></div></div></div><p>
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
author would love to hear from you...
</p><p>
Also note that the implementation of bitset used in libstdc++ has
<a class="link" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html" title="HP/SGI">some extensions</a>.
<a class="link" href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi" title="Backwards Compatibility">some extensions</a>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Type String"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="associative.bitset.type_string"/>Type String</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p><p>
Bitmasks do not take char* nor const char* arguments in their
@ -189,4 +189,4 @@
</pre></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="containers.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="containers.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="containers_and_c.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Chapter 9. 
Containers
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Interacting with C</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
 </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Interacting with C</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Chapter 14.  Atomics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; atomic&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk01pt02.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents"/><link rel="prev" href="io_and_c.html" title="Interacting with C"/><link rel="next" href="concurrency.html" title="Chapter 15.  Concurrency"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 14. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Chapter 14.  Atomics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; , &#10; atomic&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk01pt02.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents"/><link rel="prev" href="io_and_c.html" title="Interacting with C"/><link rel="next" href="concurrency.html" title="Chapter 15.  Concurrency"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 14. 
Atomics
</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="io_and_c.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. 
Standard Contents
</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="concurrency.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 14.  Atomics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.atomics"/>Chapter 14. 
Atomics
<a id="id471867" class="indexterm"/>
<a id="id654041" class="indexterm"/>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
Facilities for atomic operations.
</p><div class="section" title="API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.atomics.api"/>API Reference</h2></div></div></div><p>
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<code class="classname">atomic&lt;int&gt;</code>.
</p><p>
Full API details.
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="io_and_c.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="concurrency.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Interacting with C </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 15. 
</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="io_and_c.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="bk01pt02.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="concurrency.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Interacting with C </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 15. 
Concurrency
</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Backwards Compatibility</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; backwards&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance"/><link rel="prev" href="api.html" title="API Evolution and Deprecation History"/><link rel="next" href="appendix_free.html" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Backwards Compatibility</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Backwards Compatibility</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; backwards&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance"/><link rel="prev" href="api.html" title="API Evolution and Deprecation History"/><link rel="next" href="appendix_free.html" title="Appendix C.  Free Software Needs Free Documentation"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Backwards Compatibility</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
Porting and Maintenance
</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_free.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section" title="Backwards Compatibility"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.appendix.porting.backwards"/>Backwards Compatibility</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="First"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="backwards.first"/>First</h3></div></div></div><p>The first generation GNU C++ library was called libg++. It was a
@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ ISO Standard (e.g., statistical analysis). While there are a lot of
really useful things that are used by a lot of people, the Standards
Committee couldn't include everything, and so a lot of those
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">obvious</span>”</span> classes didn't get included.
</p><p>Known Issues include many of the limitations of its immediate ancestor.</p><p>Portability notes and known implementation limitations are as follows.</p><div class="section" title="No ios_base"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494148"/>No <code class="code">ios_base</code></h4></div></div></div><p> At least some older implementations don't have <code class="code">std::ios_base</code>, so you should use <code class="code">std::ios::badbit</code>, <code class="code">std::ios::failbit</code> and <code class="code">std::ios::eofbit</code> and <code class="code">std::ios::goodbit</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="No cout in ostream.h, no cin in istream.h"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494180"/>No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="code">ostream.h</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="code">istream.h</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
</p><p>Known Issues include many of the limitations of its immediate ancestor.</p><p>Portability notes and known implementation limitations are as follows.</p><div class="section" title="No ios_base"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id710570"/>No <code class="code">ios_base</code></h4></div></div></div><p> At least some older implementations don't have <code class="code">std::ios_base</code>, so you should use <code class="code">std::ios::badbit</code>, <code class="code">std::ios::failbit</code> and <code class="code">std::ios::eofbit</code> and <code class="code">std::ios::goodbit</code>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="No cout in ostream.h, no cin in istream.h"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id710603"/>No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="code">ostream.h</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="code">istream.h</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
In earlier versions of the standard,
<code class="filename">fstream.h</code>,
<code class="filename">ostream.h</code>
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ considered replaced and rewritten.
archived. The code is considered replaced and rewritten.
</p><p>
Portability notes and known implementation limitations are as follows.
</p><div class="section" title="Namespace std:: not supported"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494283"/>Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Namespace std:: not supported"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id710706"/>Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</h4></div></div></div><p>
Some care is required to support C++ compiler and or library
implementation that do not have the standard library in
<code class="code">namespace std</code>.
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([AC_CXX_NAMESPACE_STD], [
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_NAMESPACE_STD,,[Define if g++ supports namespace std. ])
fi
])
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Illegal iterator usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494409"/>Illegal iterator usage</h4></div></div></div><p>
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Illegal iterator usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id710832"/>Illegal iterator usage</h4></div></div></div><p>
The following illustrate implementation-allowed illegal iterator
use, and then correct use.
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([AC_CXX_NAMESPACE_STD], [
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="code">if (iterator)</code> won't work any more =&gt; use
<code class="code">if (iterator != iterator_type())</code>
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" title="isspace from cctype is a macro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494471"/><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">cctype</code> is a macro
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" title="isspace from cctype is a macro"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id710893"/><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">cctype</code> is a macro
</h4></div></div></div><p>
Glibc 2.0.x and 2.1.x define <code class="filename">ctype.h</code> functionality as macros
(isspace, isalpha etc.).
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ std:: (__ctype_b[(int) ( ( 'X' ) )] &amp; (unsigned short int) _ISspace ) ;
(<code class="filename">ctype.h</code>) and the
definitions in namespace <code class="code">std::</code>
(<code class="code">&lt;cctype&gt;</code>).
</p></div><div class="section" title="No vector::at, deque::at, string::at"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494566"/>No <code class="code">vector::at</code>, <code class="code">deque::at</code>, <code class="code">string::at</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="No vector::at, deque::at, string::at"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id710989"/>No <code class="code">vector::at</code>, <code class="code">deque::at</code>, <code class="code">string::at</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
One solution is to add an autoconf-test for this:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
AC_MSG_CHECKING(for container::at)
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ AC_DEFINE(HAVE_CONTAINER_AT)],
</pre><p>
If you are using other (non-GNU) compilers it might be a good idea
to check for <code class="code">string::at</code> separately.
</p></div><div class="section" title="No std::char_traits&lt;char&gt;::eof"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494605"/>No <code class="code">std::char_traits&lt;char&gt;::eof</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="No std::char_traits&lt;char&gt;::eof"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711028"/>No <code class="code">std::char_traits&lt;char&gt;::eof</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
Use some kind of autoconf test, plus this:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
#ifdef HAVE_CHAR_TRAITS
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ AC_DEFINE(HAVE_CONTAINER_AT)],
#else
#define CPP_EOF EOF
#endif
</pre></div><div class="section" title="No string::clear"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494623"/>No <code class="code">string::clear</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
</pre></div><div class="section" title="No string::clear"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711046"/>No <code class="code">string::clear</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
There are two functions for deleting the contents of a string:
<code class="code">clear</code> and <code class="code">erase</code> (the latter returns the
string).
@ -206,12 +206,12 @@ erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
Unfortunately, <code class="code">clear</code> is not implemented in this
version, so you should use <code class="code">erase</code> (which is probably
faster than <code class="code">operator=(charT*)</code>).
</p></div><div class="section" title="Removal of ostream::form and istream::scan extensions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494669"/>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Removal of ostream::form and istream::scan extensions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711092"/>
Removal of <code class="code">ostream::form</code> and <code class="code">istream::scan</code>
extensions
</h4></div></div></div><p>
These are no longer supported. Please use stringstreams instead.
</p></div><div class="section" title="No basic_stringbuf, basic_stringstream"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494688"/>No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="No basic_stringbuf, basic_stringstream"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711111"/>No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
Although the ISO standard <code class="code">i/ostringstream</code>-classes are
provided, (<code class="filename">sstream</code>), for
compatibility with older implementations the pre-ISO
@ -299,14 +299,14 @@ any = temp;
Another example of using stringstreams is in <a class="link" href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink" title="Shrink to Fit">this howto</a>.
</p><p> There is additional information in the libstdc++-v2 info files, in
particular <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">info iostream</span>”</span>.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Little or no wide character support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494844"/>Little or no wide character support</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Little or no wide character support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711267"/>Little or no wide character support</h4></div></div></div><p>
Classes <code class="classname">wstring</code> and
<code class="classname">char_traits&lt;wchar_t&gt;</code> are
not supported.
</p></div><div class="section" title="No templatized iostreams"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494863"/>No templatized iostreams</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="No templatized iostreams"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711285"/>No templatized iostreams</h4></div></div></div><p>
Classes <code class="classname">wfilebuf</code> and
<code class="classname">wstringstream</code> are not supported.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Thread safety issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id494881"/>Thread safety issues</h4></div></div></div><p>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Thread safety issues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711304"/>Thread safety issues</h4></div></div></div><p>
Earlier GCC releases had a somewhat different approach to
threading configuration and proper compilation. Before GCC 3.0,
configuration of the threading model was dictated by compiler
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ libstdc++-v3.
of the SGI STL (version 3.3), with extensive changes.
</p><p>A more formal description of the V3 goals can be found in the
official <a class="link" href="source_design_notes.html" title="Design Notes">design document</a>.
</p><p>Portability notes and known implementation limitations are as follows.</p><div class="section" title="Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495006"/>Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed</h4></div></div></div><p> The pre-ISO C++ headers
</p><p>Portability notes and known implementation limitations are as follows.</p><div class="section" title="Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711429"/>Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed</h4></div></div></div><p> The pre-ISO C++ headers
(<code class="code">iostream.h</code>, <code class="code">defalloc.h</code> etc.) are
available, unlike previous libstdc++ versions, but inclusion
generates a warning that you are using deprecated headers.
@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ like <code class="filename">vector.h</code> can be replaced with <code class="fi
directive <code class="code">using namespace std;</code> can be put at the global
scope. This should be enough to get this code compiling, assuming the
other usage is correct.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495090"/>Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</h4></div></div></div><p>At this time most of the features of the SGI STL extension have been
</p></div><div class="section" title="Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711514"/>Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</h4></div></div></div><p>At this time most of the features of the SGI STL extension have been
replaced by standardized libraries.
In particular, the unordered_map and unordered_set containers of TR1
are suitable replacement for the non-standard hash_map and hash_set
@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([AC_HEADER_EXT_HASH_SET], [
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_EXT_HASH_SET,,[Define if ext/hash_set is present. ])
fi
])
</pre></div><div class="section" title="No ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495193"/>No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
</pre></div><div class="section" title="No ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711617"/>No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
</h4></div></div></div><p> The existence of <code class="code">ios::nocreate</code> being used for
input-streams has been confirmed, most probably because the author
thought it would be more correct to specify nocreate explicitly. So
@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ open the file for reading, check if it has been opened, and then
decide whether you want to create/replace or not. To my knowledge,
even older implementations support <code class="code">app</code>, <code class="code">ate</code>
and <code class="code">trunc</code> (except for <code class="code">app</code> ?).
</p></div><div class="section" title="No stream::attach(int fd)"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495241"/>
</p></div><div class="section" title="No stream::attach(int fd)"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711664"/>
No <code class="code">stream::attach(int fd)</code>
</h4></div></div></div><p>
Phil Edwards writes: It was considered and rejected for the ISO
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ No <code class="code">stream::attach(int fd)</code>
For another example of this, refer to
<a class="link" href="http://www.josuttis.com/cppcode/fdstream.html">fdstream example</a>
by Nicolai Josuttis.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Support for C++98 dialect."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495309"/>
</p></div><div class="section" title="Support for C++98 dialect."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711732"/>
Support for C++98 dialect.
</h4></div></div></div><p>Check for complete library coverage of the C++1998/2003 standard.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([AC_HEADER_STDCXX_98], [
AC_DEFINE(STDCXX_98_HEADERS,,[Define if ISO C++ 1998 header files are present. ])
fi
])
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Support for C++TR1 dialect."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495337"/>
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Support for C++TR1 dialect."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711760"/>
Support for C++TR1 dialect.
</h4></div></div></div><p>Check for library coverage of the TR1 standard.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([AC_HEADER_TR1_UNORDERED_SET], [
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TR1_UNORDERED_SET,,[Define if tr1/unordered_set is present. ])
fi
])
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Support for C++0x dialect."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495381"/>
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Support for C++0x dialect."><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711804"/>
Support for C++0x dialect.
</h4></div></div></div><p>Check for baseline language coverage in the compiler for the C++0xstandard.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
@ -899,22 +899,25 @@ AC_DEFUN([AC_HEADER_UNORDERED_SET], [
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_UNORDERED_SET,,[Define if unordered_set is present. ])
fi
])
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Container::iterator_type is not necessarily Container::value_type*"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495459"/>
</pre></div><div class="section" title="Container::iterator_type is not necessarily Container::value_type*"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id711882"/>
Container::iterator_type is not necessarily Container::value_type*
</h4></div></div></div><p>
This is a change in behavior from the previous version. Now, most
<span class="type">iterator_type</span> typedefs in container classes are POD
objects, not <span class="type">value_type</span> pointers.
</p></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="backwards.biblio"/>Bibliography</h3></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id495489"/><p><span class="biblioid">
. </span><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</p></div></div><div class="bibliography" title="Bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="backwards.biblio"/>Bibliography</h3></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Migrating to GCC 4.1"><a id="id711913"/><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://www.kegel.com/gcc/gcc4.html">
Migrating to GCC 4.1
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Dan</span> <span class="surname">Kegel</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id495515"/><p><span class="biblioid">
. </span><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Dan</span> <span class="surname">Kegel</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Building the Whole Debian Archive with GCC 4.1: A Summary"><a id="id711936"/><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-gcc/2006/03/msg00405.html">
Building the Whole Debian Archive with GCC 4.1: A Summary
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Michlmayr</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id495541"/><p><span class="biblioid">
. </span><span class="citetitle"><em class="citetitle">
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Michlmayr</span>. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Migration guide for GCC-3.2"><a id="id711960"/><p><span class="title"><em>
<a class="link" href="http://annwm.lbl.gov/~leggett/Atlas/gcc-3.2.html">
Migration guide for GCC-3.2
</em>. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_free.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">API Evolution and Deprecation History </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Appendix C. 
</a>
</em>. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="api.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_free.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">API Evolution and Deprecation History </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Appendix C. 
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@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; allocator&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10; ISO C++&#10; , &#10; runtime&#10; , &#10; library&#10; "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="extensions.html" title="Part III.  Extensions"/><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt03ch20s05.html" title="Multiple Thread Example"/><link rel="next" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html" title="Implementation"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt03ch20s05.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. 
Extensions
</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.ext.allocator.bitmap"/>Chapter 21. The bitmap_allocator</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
</p><div class="section" title="Design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="allocator.bitmap.design"/>Design</h2></div></div></div><p>
As this name suggests, this allocator uses a bit-map to keep track
of the used and unused memory locations for its book-keeping
purposes.
@ -27,314 +30,4 @@
Mutex Protection around every allocation/deallocation. The state
of the macro is picked up automatically from the gthr abstraction
layer.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.bitmap.impl"/>Implementation</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Free List Store"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.free_list_store"/>Free List Store</h4></div></div></div><p>
The Free List Store (referred to as FLS for the remaining part of this
document) is the Global memory pool that is shared by all instances of
the bitmapped allocator instantiated for any type. This maintains a
sorted order of all free memory blocks given back to it by the
bitmapped allocator, and is also responsible for giving memory to the
bitmapped allocator when it asks for more.
</p><p>
Internally, there is a Free List threshold which indicates the
Maximum number of free lists that the FLS can hold internally
(cache). Currently, this value is set at 64. So, if there are
more than 64 free lists coming in, then some of them will be given
back to the OS using operator delete so that at any given time the
Free List's size does not exceed 64 entries. This is done because
a Binary Search is used to locate an entry in a free list when a
request for memory comes along. Thus, the run-time complexity of
the search would go up given an increasing size, for 64 entries
however, lg(64) == 6 comparisons are enough to locate the correct
free list if it exists.
</p><p>
Suppose the free list size has reached its threshold, then the
largest block from among those in the list and the new block will
be selected and given back to the OS. This is done because it
reduces external fragmentation, and allows the OS to use the
larger blocks later in an orderly fashion, possibly merging them
later. Also, on some systems, large blocks are obtained via calls
to mmap, so giving them back to free system resources becomes most
important.
</p><p>
The function _S_should_i_give decides the policy that determines
whether the current block of memory should be given to the
allocator for the request that it has made. That's because we may
not always have exact fits for the memory size that the allocator
requests. We do this mainly to prevent external fragmentation at
the cost of a little internal fragmentation. Now, the value of
this internal fragmentation has to be decided by this function. I
can see 3 possibilities right now. Please add more as and when you
find better strategies.
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>Equal size check. Return true only when the 2 blocks are of equal
size.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Difference Threshold: Return true only when the _block_size is
greater than or equal to the _required_size, and if the _BS is &gt; _RS
by a difference of less than some THRESHOLD value, then return true,
else return false. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Percentage Threshold. Return true only when the _block_size is
greater than or equal to the _required_size, and if the _BS is &gt; _RS
by a percentage of less than some THRESHOLD value, then return true,
else return false.</p></li></ol></div><p>
Currently, (3) is being used with a value of 36% Maximum wastage per
Super Block.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Super Block"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.super_block"/>Super Block</h4></div></div></div><p>
A super block is the block of memory acquired from the FLS from
which the bitmap allocator carves out memory for single objects
and satisfies the user's requests. These super blocks come in
sizes that are powers of 2 and multiples of 32
(_Bits_Per_Block). Yes both at the same time! That's because the
next super block acquired will be 2 times the previous one, and
also all super blocks have to be multiples of the _Bits_Per_Block
value.
</p><p>
How does it interact with the free list store?
</p><p>
The super block is contained in the FLS, and the FLS is responsible for
getting / returning Super Bocks to and from the OS using operator new
as defined by the C++ standard.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Super Block Data Layout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.super_block_data"/>Super Block Data Layout</h4></div></div></div><p>
Each Super Block will be of some size that is a multiple of the
number of Bits Per Block. Typically, this value is chosen as
Bits_Per_Byte x sizeof(size_t). On an x86 system, this gives the
figure 8 x 4 = 32. Thus, each Super Block will be of size 32
x Some_Value. This Some_Value is sizeof(value_type). For now, let
it be called 'K'. Thus, finally, Super Block size is 32 x K bytes.
</p><p>
This value of 32 has been chosen because each size_t has 32-bits
and Maximum use of these can be made with such a figure.
</p><p>
Consider a block of size 64 ints. In memory, it would look like this:
(assume a 32-bit system where, size_t is a 32-bit entity).
</p><div class="table"><a id="id481111"/><p class="title"><strong>Table 20.1. Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Bitmap Allocator Memory Map" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c3"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c4"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left">268</td><td style="text-align: left">0</td><td style="text-align: left">4294967295</td><td style="text-align: left">4294967295</td><td style="text-align: left">Data -&gt; Space for 64 ints</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p>
The first Column(268) represents the size of the Block in bytes as
seen by the Bitmap Allocator. Internally, a global free list is
used to keep track of the free blocks used and given back by the
bitmap allocator. It is this Free List Store that is responsible
for writing and managing this information. Actually the number of
bytes allocated in this case would be: 4 + 4 + (4x2) + (64x4) =
272 bytes, but the first 4 bytes are an addition by the Free List
Store, so the Bitmap Allocator sees only 268 bytes. These first 4
bytes about which the bitmapped allocator is not aware hold the
value 268.
</p><p>
What do the remaining values represent?</p><p>
The 2nd 4 in the expression is the sizeof(size_t) because the
Bitmapped Allocator maintains a used count for each Super Block,
which is initially set to 0 (as indicated in the diagram). This is
incremented every time a block is removed from this super block
(allocated), and decremented whenever it is given back. So, when
the used count falls to 0, the whole super block will be given
back to the Free List Store.
</p><p>
The value 4294967295 represents the integer corresponding to the bit
representation of all bits set: 11111111111111111111111111111111.
</p><p>
The 3rd 4x2 is size of the bitmap itself, which is the size of 32-bits
x 2,
which is 8-bytes, or 2 x sizeof(size_t).
</p></div><div class="section" title="Maximum Wasted Percentage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.max_wasted"/>Maximum Wasted Percentage</h4></div></div></div><p>
This has nothing to do with the algorithm per-se,
only with some vales that must be chosen correctly to ensure that the
allocator performs well in a real word scenario, and maintains a good
balance between the memory consumption and the allocation/deallocation
speed.
</p><p>
The formula for calculating the maximum wastage as a percentage:
</p><p>
(32 x k + 1) / (2 x (32 x k + 1 + 32 x c)) x 100.
</p><p>
where k is the constant overhead per node (e.g., for list, it is
8 bytes, and for map it is 12 bytes) and c is the size of the
base type on which the map/list is instantiated. Thus, suppose the
type1 is int and type2 is double, they are related by the relation
sizeof(double) == 2*sizeof(int). Thus, all types must have this
double size relation for this formula to work properly.
</p><p>
Plugging-in: For List: k = 8 and c = 4 (int and double), we get:
33.376%
</p><p>
For map/multimap: k = 12, and c = 4 (int and double), we get: 37.524%
</p><p>
Thus, knowing these values, and based on the sizeof(value_type), we may
create a function that returns the Max_Wastage_Percentage for us to use.
</p></div><div class="section" title="allocate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.allocate"/><code class="function">allocate</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
The allocate function is specialized for single object allocation
ONLY. Thus, ONLY if n == 1, will the bitmap_allocator's
specialized algorithm be used. Otherwise, the request is satisfied
directly by calling operator new.
</p><p>
Suppose n == 1, then the allocator does the following:
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>
Checks to see whether a free block exists somewhere in a region
of memory close to the last satisfied request. If so, then that
block is marked as allocated in the bit map and given to the
user. If not, then (2) is executed.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Is there a free block anywhere after the current block right
up to the end of the memory that we have? If so, that block is
found, and the same procedure is applied as above, and
returned to the user. If not, then (3) is executed.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Is there any block in whatever region of memory that we own
free? This is done by checking
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>
The use count for each super block, and if that fails then
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
The individual bit-maps for each super block.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Note: Here we are never touching any of the memory that the
user will be given, and we are confining all memory accesses
to a small region of memory! This helps reduce cache
misses. If this succeeds then we apply the same procedure on
that bit-map as (1), and return that block of memory to the
user. However, if this process fails, then we resort to (4).
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
This process involves Refilling the internal exponentially
growing memory pool. The said effect is achieved by calling
_S_refill_pool which does the following:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>
Gets more memory from the Global Free List of the Required
size.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Adjusts the size for the next call to itself.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Writes the appropriate headers in the bit-maps.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Sets the use count for that super-block just allocated to 0
(zero).
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
All of the above accounts to maintaining the basic invariant
for the allocator. If the invariant is maintained, we are
sure that all is well. Now, the same process is applied on
the newly acquired free blocks, which are dispatched
accordingly.
</p></li></ul></div></li></ol></div><p>
Thus, you can clearly see that the allocate function is nothing but a
combination of the next-fit and first-fit algorithm optimized ONLY for
single object allocations.
</p></div><div class="section" title="deallocate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.deallocate"/><code class="function">deallocate</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
The deallocate function again is specialized for single objects ONLY.
For all n belonging to &gt; 1, the operator delete is called without
further ado, and the deallocate function returns.
</p><p>
However for n == 1, a series of steps are performed:
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>
We first need to locate that super-block which holds the memory
location given to us by the user. For that purpose, we maintain
a static variable _S_last_dealloc_index, which holds the index
into the vector of block pairs which indicates the index of the
last super-block from which memory was freed. We use this
strategy in the hope that the user will deallocate memory in a
region close to what he/she deallocated the last time around. If
the check for belongs_to succeeds, then we determine the bit-map
for the given pointer, and locate the index into that bit-map,
and mark that bit as free by setting it.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
If the _S_last_dealloc_index does not point to the memory block
that we're looking for, then we do a linear search on the block
stored in the vector of Block Pairs. This vector in code is
called _S_mem_blocks. When the corresponding super-block is
found, we apply the same procedure as we did for (1) to mark the
block as free in the bit-map.
</p></li></ol></div><p>
Now, whenever a block is freed, the use count of that particular
super block goes down by 1. When this use count hits 0, we remove
that super block from the list of all valid super blocks stored in
the vector. While doing this, we also make sure that the basic
invariant is maintained by making sure that _S_last_request and
_S_last_dealloc_index point to valid locations within the vector.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Questions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.questions"/>Questions</h4></div></div></div><div class="section" title="1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.question.1"/>1</h5></div></div></div><p>
Q1) The "Data Layout" section is
cryptic. I have no idea of what you are trying to say. Layout of what?
The free-list? Each bitmap? The Super Block?
</p><p>
The layout of a Super Block of a given
size. In the example, a super block of size 32 x 1 is taken. The
general formula for calculating the size of a super block is
32 x sizeof(value_type) x 2^n, where n ranges from 0 to 32 for 32-bit
systems.
</p></div><div class="section" title="2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.question.2"/>2</h5></div></div></div><p>
And since I just mentioned the
term `each bitmap', what in the world is meant by it? What does each
bitmap manage? How does it relate to the super block? Is the Super
Block a bitmap as well?
</p><p>
Each bitmap is part of a Super Block which is made up of 3 parts
as I have mentioned earlier. Re-iterating, 1. The use count,
2. The bit-map for that Super Block. 3. The actual memory that
will be eventually given to the user. Each bitmap is a multiple
of 32 in size. If there are 32 x (2^3) blocks of single objects
to be given, there will be '32 x (2^3)' bits present. Each 32
bits managing the allocated / free status for 32 blocks. Since
each size_t contains 32-bits, one size_t can manage up to 32
blocks' status. Each bit-map is made up of a number of size_t,
whose exact number for a super-block of a given size I have just
mentioned.
</p></div><div class="section" title="3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.question.3"/>3</h5></div></div></div><p>
How do the allocate and deallocate functions work in regard to
bitmaps?
</p><p>
The allocate and deallocate functions manipulate the bitmaps and
have nothing to do with the memory that is given to the user. As
I have earlier mentioned, a 1 in the bitmap's bit field
indicates free, while a 0 indicates allocated. This lets us
check 32 bits at a time to check whether there is at lease one
free block in those 32 blocks by testing for equality with
(0). Now, the allocate function will given a memory block find
the corresponding bit in the bitmap, and will reset it (i.e.,
make it re-set (0)). And when the deallocate function is called,
it will again set that bit after locating it to indicate that
that particular block corresponding to this bit in the bit-map
is not being used by anyone, and may be used to satisfy future
requests.
</p><p>
e.g.: Consider a bit-map of 64-bits as represented below:
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
</p><p>
Now, when the first request for allocation of a single object
comes along, the first block in address order is returned. And
since the bit-maps in the reverse order to that of the address
order, the last bit (LSB if the bit-map is considered as a
binary word of 64-bits) is re-set to 0.
</p><p>
The bit-map now looks like this:
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110
</p></div></div><div class="section" title="Locality"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.locality"/>Locality</h4></div></div></div><p>
Another issue would be whether to keep the all bitmaps in a
separate area in memory, or to keep them near the actual blocks
that will be given out or allocated for the client. After some
testing, I've decided to keep these bitmaps close to the actual
blocks. This will help in 2 ways.
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>Constant time access for the bitmap themselves, since no kind of
look up will be needed to find the correct bitmap list or its
equivalent.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>And also this would preserve the cache as far as possible.</p></li></ol></div><p>
So in effect, this kind of an allocator might prove beneficial from a
purely cache point of view. But this allocator has been made to try and
roll out the defects of the node_allocator, wherein the nodes get
skewed about in memory, if they are not returned in the exact reverse
order or in the same order in which they were allocated. Also, the
new_allocator's book keeping overhead is too much for small objects and
single object allocations, though it preserves the locality of blocks
very well when they are returned back to the allocator.
</p></div><div class="section" title="Overhead and Grow Policy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="bitmap.impl.grow_policy"/>Overhead and Grow Policy</h4></div></div></div><p>
Expected overhead per block would be 1 bit in memory. Also, once
the address of the free list has been found, the cost for
allocation/deallocation would be negligible, and is supposed to be
constant time. For these very reasons, it is very important to
minimize the linear time costs, which include finding a free list
with a free block while allocating, and finding the corresponding
free list for a block while deallocating. Therefore, I have
decided that the growth of the internal pool for this allocator
will be exponential as compared to linear for
node_allocator. There, linear time works well, because we are
mainly concerned with speed of allocation/deallocation and memory
consumption, whereas here, the allocation/deallocation part does
have some linear/logarithmic complexity components in it. Thus, to
try and minimize them would be a good thing to do at the cost of a
little bit of memory.
</p><p>
Another thing to be noted is the pool size will double every time
the internal pool gets exhausted, and all the free blocks have
been given away. The initial size of the pool would be
sizeof(size_t) x 8 which is the number of bits in an integer,
which can fit exactly in a CPU register. Hence, the term given is
exponential growth of the internal pool.
</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ext_allocators.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ext_allocators.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ext_containers.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Chapter 20. Allocators </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 21. Containers</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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Standard Contents
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6.
Utilities
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id633362">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id633392">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id633502">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id634511">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id634689">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id634759">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id634881">Dual C++0x and TR1 Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id634937">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id635086">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#id635116">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7.
Strings
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#std.strings.string">String Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.simple">Simple Transformations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.case">Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.character_types">Arbitrary Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.token">Tokenizing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink">Shrink to Fit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.Cstring">CString (MFC)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="localization.html">8.
Localization
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#id649036">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9.
Containers
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.vector.management">Space Overhead Management</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10.
Iterators
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#std.iterators.predefined">Predefined</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.vs_pointers">Iterators vs. Pointers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.end">One Past the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="algorithms.html">11.
Algorithms
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="numerics.html">12.
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="numerics.html">12.
Numerics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="io.html">13.
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="concurrency.html">15.
Concurrency
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="debug.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="spine.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="support.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Debugging Support </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 4. 
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