frontends.texi: Rewrite.
2004-03-21 Zack Weinberg <zack@codesourcery.com>
Chris Devers <cdevers@pobox.com>
Joseph S. Myers <jsm@polyomino.org.uk>
* doc/frontends.texi: Rewrite.
* doc/gcc.texi: Update last modification date.
f:
* g77.texi: Update link to "G++ and GCC".
treelang:
* treelang.texi: Update link to "G++ and GCC".
From-SVN: r79777
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Joseph Myers
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2004-03-21 Zack Weinberg <zack@codesourcery.com>
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Chris Devers <cdevers@pobox.com>
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Joseph S. Myers <jsm@polyomino.org.uk>
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* doc/frontends.texi: Rewrite.
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* doc/gcc.texi: Update last modification date.
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2004-03-21 Josef Zlomek <zlomekj@suse.cz>
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* cfgrtl.c (cfg_layout_redirect_edge_and_branch): Print the debug
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@ -4,67 +4,57 @@
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@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
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@node G++ and GCC
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@chapter Compile C, C++, Objective-C, Ada, Fortran, Java, or treelang
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@cindex Objective-C
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@cindex Fortran
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@cindex Java
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@cindex Ada
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@cindex treelang
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Several versions of the compiler (C, C++, Objective-C, Ada,
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Fortran, Java and treelang) are integrated; this is why we use the name
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``GNU Compiler Collection''. GCC can compile programs written in any of these
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languages. The Ada, Fortran, Java and treelang compilers are described in
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separate manuals.
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@chapter Programming Languages Supported by GCC
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@cindex GCC
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``GCC'' is a common shorthand term for the GNU Compiler Collection. This is both
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the most general name for the compiler, and the name used when the
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emphasis is on compiling C programs (as the abbreviation formerly
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stood for ``GNU C Compiler'').
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@cindex GNU Compiler Collection
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@cindex GNU C Compiler
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@cindex Ada
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@cindex Fortran
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@cindex Java
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@cindex Objective-C
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@cindex treelang
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GCC stands for ``GNU Compiler Collection''. GCC is an integrated
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distribution of compilers for several major programming languages. These
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languages currently include C, C++, Objective-C, Java, Fortran, and Ada.
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The abbreviation @dfn{GCC} has multiple meanings in common use. The
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current official meaning is ``GNU Compiler Collection'', which refers
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generically to the complete suite of tools. The name historically stood
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for ``GNU C Compiler'', and this usage is still common when the emphasis
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is on compiling C programs. Finally, the name is also used when speaking
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of the @dfn{language-independent} component of GCC: code shared among the
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The language-independent component of GCC includes the majority of the
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optimizers, as well as the ``back ends'' that generate machine code for
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various processors.
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@cindex COBOL
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@cindex Mercury
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@cindex Pascal
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The part of a compiler that is specific to a particular language is
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called the ``front end''. In addition to the front ends that are
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integrated components of GCC, there are several other front ends that
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are maintained separately. These support languages such as Pascal,
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Mercury, and COBOL. To use these, they must be built together with
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GCC proper.
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@cindex C++
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@cindex G++
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When referring to C++ compilation, it is usual to call the compiler
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``G++''. Since there is only one compiler, it is also accurate to call
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it ``GCC'' no matter what the language context; however, the term
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``G++'' is more useful when the emphasis is on compiling C++ programs.
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@cindex Ada
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@cindex GNAT
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Similarly, when we talk about Ada compilation, we usually call the
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compiler ``GNAT'', for the same reasons.
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We use the name ``GCC'' to refer to the compilation system as a
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whole, and more specifically to the language-independent part of the
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compiler. For example, we refer to the optimization options as
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affecting the behavior of ``GCC'' or sometimes just ``the compiler''.
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Front ends for other languages, such as Mercury and Pascal exist but
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have not yet been integrated into GCC@. These front ends, like that for C++,
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are built in subdirectories of GCC and link to it. The result is an
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integrated compiler that can compile programs written in C, C++,
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Objective-C, or any of the languages for which you have installed front
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ends.
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In this manual, we only discuss the options for the C, Objective-C, and
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C++ compilers and those of the GCC core. Consult the documentation
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of the other front ends for the options to use when compiling programs
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written in other languages.
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Most of the compilers for languages other than C have their own names.
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The C++ compiler is G++, the Ada compiler is GNAT, and so on. When we
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talk about compiling one of those languages, we might refer to that
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compiler by its own name, or as GCC@. Either is correct.
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@cindex compiler compared to C++ preprocessor
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@cindex intermediate C version, nonexistent
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@cindex C intermediate output, nonexistent
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G++ is a @emph{compiler}, not merely a preprocessor. G++ builds object
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code directly from your C++ program source. There is no intermediate C
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version of the program. (By contrast, for example, some other
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implementations use a program that generates a C program from your C++
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source.) Avoiding an intermediate C representation of the program means
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that you get better object code, and better debugging information. The
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GNU debugger, GDB, works with this information in the object code to
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give you comprehensive C++ source-level editing capabilities
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(@pxref{C,,C and C++,gdb.info, Debugging with GDB}).
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@c FIXME! Someone who knows something about Objective-C ought to put in
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@c a paragraph or two about it here, and move the index entry down when
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@c there is more to point to than the general mention in the 1st par.
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Historically, compilers for many languages, including C++ and Fortran,
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have been implemented as ``preprocessors'' which emit another high
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level language such as C@. None of the compilers included in GCC are
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implemented this way; they all generate machine code directly. This
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sort of preprocessor should not be confused with the @dfn{C
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preprocessor}, which is an integral feature of the C, C++, and
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Objective-C languages.
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@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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@sp 2
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@center Richard M. Stallman
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@sp 3
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@center Last updated 2 January 2004
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@center Last updated 21 March 2004
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@sp 1
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@center for GCC @value{version-GCC}
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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2004-03-21 Joseph S. Myers <jsm@polyomino.org.uk>
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* g77.texi: Update link to "G++ and GCC".
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2004-03-21 Gerald Pfeifer <gerald@pfeifer.com>
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* g77.texi (Aligned Data): Remove obsolete paragraph including a
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename g77.info
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@set last-update 2003-05-13
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@set last-update 2004-03-21
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@set copyrights-g77 1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004
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@include root.texi
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@ -799,8 +799,8 @@ files and accepts Fortran-specific command-line options, plus some
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command-line options that are designed to cater to Fortran users
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but apply to other languages as well.
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@xref{G++ and GCC,,Compile C; C++; Objective-C; Ada; Fortran;
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or Java,gcc,Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)},
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@xref{G++ and GCC,,Programming Languages Supported by GCC,gcc,Using
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the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)},
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for information on the way different languages are handled
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by the GCC compiler (@command{gcc}).
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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2004-03-21 Joseph S. Myers <jsm@polyomino.org.uk>
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* treelang.texi: Update link to "G++ and GCC".
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2004-02-20 Richard Henderson <rth@redhat.com>
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* Make-lang.in (treelang-warn): Add -Wno-variadic-macros.
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@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
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@set version-treelang 1.0
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@set last-update 2001-07-30
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@set copyrights-treelang 1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002
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@set last-update 2004-03-21
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@set copyrights-treelang 1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004
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@set email-general gcc@@gcc.gnu.org
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@set email-bugs gcc-bugs@@gcc.gnu.org or bug-gcc@@gnu.org
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@ -885,7 +885,8 @@ files and accepts Treelang-specific command-line options, plus some
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command-line options that are designed to cater to Treelang users
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but apply to other languages as well.
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@xref{G++ and GCC,,Compile C; C++; or Objective-C,GCC,Using and Porting GCC},
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@xref{G++ and GCC,,Programming Languages Supported by GCC,GCC,Using
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the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)},
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for information on the way different languages are handled
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by the GCC compiler (@code{gcc}).
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