Optimize std::rotl and std::rotr, add test for std::popcount

* include/std/bit (__rotl, __rotr): Avoid branch.
	(_If_is_unsigned_integer): Use remove_cv_t.
	* testsuite/26_numerics/bit/bitops.count/popcount.cc: New.

From-SVN: r262378

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+2018-07-04  Jonathan Wakely  <jwakely@redhat.com>
+
+	* include/std/bit (__rotl, __rotr): Avoid branch.
+	(_If_is_unsigned_integer): Use remove_cv_t.
+	* testsuite/26_numerics/bit/bitops.count/popcount.cc: New.
+
 2018-07-03  Jonathan Wakely  <jwakely@redhat.com>
 
 	P0556R3 Integral power-of-2 operations, P0553R2 Bit operations

libstdc++-v3/include/std/bit

@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     {
       constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
       const unsigned __sN = __s % _Nd;
-      if (__sN)
-        return (__x << __sN) | (__x >> (_Nd - __sN));
-      return __x;
+      return (__x << __sN) | (__x >> ((-__sN) % _Nd));
     }
 
   template<typename _Tp>
@@ -57,9 +55,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     {
       constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
       const unsigned __sN = __s % _Nd;
-      if (__sN)
-        return (__x >> __sN) | (__x << (_Nd - __sN));
-      return __x;
+      return (__x >> __sN) | (__x << ((-__sN) % _Nd));
     }
 
   template<typename _Tp>
@@ -237,7 +233,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
   template<typename _Tp, typename _Up = _Tp>
     using _If_is_unsigned_integer
-      = typename _If_is_unsigned_integer_type<_Tp, _Up>::type;
+      = typename _If_is_unsigned_integer_type<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, _Up>::type;
 
 #if ! __STRICT_ANSI__
   // [bitops.rot], rotating

libstdc++-v3/testsuite/26_numerics/bit/bitops.count/popcount.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++2a" }
+// { dg-do compile { target c++2a } }
+
+#include <bit>
+
+template<typename UInt>
+constexpr auto
+test(UInt x)
+-> decltype(std::popcount(x))
+{
+  static_assert( noexcept(std::popcount(x)) );
+
+  constexpr unsigned digits = std::numeric_limits<UInt>::digits;
+
+  static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)0) == 0 );
+  static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)-1) == digits );
+  static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)-2) == digits - 1 );
+  static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)127) == 7 );
+
+  static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)1) == 1 );
+  static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)2) == 1 );
+  static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)0x70) == 3 );
+
+  if constexpr (std::numeric_limits<UInt>::digits > 8)
+  {
+    static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)(0x101)) == 2 );
+    static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)(0xfff)) == 12 );
+  }
+
+  if constexpr (std::numeric_limits<UInt>::digits > 64)
+  {
+    static_assert( std::popcount((UInt)0xffffffffffffffff) == 64 );
+    static_assert( std::popcount(0x5555555555555555 | ((UInt)1 << 64)) == 33 );
+    static_assert( std::popcount(0x5555555555555555 | ((UInt)3 << 64)) == 34 );
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static_assert( test( (unsigned char)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (unsigned short)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (unsigned int)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (unsigned long)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (unsigned long long)0 ) );
+
+// std::popcount(T) shall not participate in overload resolution
+// unless T is an unsigned integer type.
+struct X { constexpr bool did_not_match() { return true; } };
+constexpr X test(...) { return X{}; }
+static_assert( test( (bool)0 ).did_not_match() );
+static_assert( test( (char)0 ).did_not_match() );
+static_assert( test( (int)0 ).did_not_match() );
+static_assert( test( (char16_t)0 ).did_not_match() );
+static_assert( test( (float)0 ).did_not_match() );
+static_assert( test( (void*)0 ).did_not_match() );
+static_assert( test( X{} ).did_not_match() );
+enum E : unsigned { e };
+static_assert( test( e ).did_not_match() );
+
+#ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__
+#include <cstddef>
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0x00}) == 0 );
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0x01}) == 1 );
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0x02}) == 1 );
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0x03}) == 2 );
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0x30}) == 2 );
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0x40}) == 1 );
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0x41}) == 2 );
+static_assert( std::popcount(std::byte{0xff}) == 8 );
+#else
+static_assert( test( (std::byte)0 ).did_not_match() );
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && defined _GLIBCXX_USE_INT128
+static_assert( test( (unsigned __int128)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (__int128)0 ).did_not_match() );
+#endif
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_0)
+static_assert( test( (unsigned __GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_0)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (__GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_0)0 ).did_not_match() );
+#endif
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_1)
+static_assert( test( (unsigned __GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_1)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (__GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_1)0 ).did_not_match() );
+#endif
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_2)
+static_assert( test( (unsigned __GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_2)0 ) );
+static_assert( test( (__GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_2)0 ).did_not_match() );
+#endif