Final value replacement improvements for until-wrap loops.

This middle-end patch is inspired by the Richard Beiner's until-wrap
loop example in PR tree-optimization/101145.

unsigned foo(unsigned val, unsigned start)
{
  unsigned cnt = 0;
  for (unsigned i = start; i > val; ++i)
    cnt++;
  return cnt;
}

For this loop, the tree optimizers currently generate:

unsigned int foo (unsigned int val, unsigned int start)
{
  unsigned int cnt;
  unsigned int _1;
  unsigned int _5;

  <bb 2> [local count: 118111600]:
  if (start_3(D) > val_4(D))
    goto <bb 3>; [89.00%]
  else
    goto <bb 4>; [11.00%]

  <bb 3> [local count: 105119324]:
  _1 = start_3(D) + 1;
  _5 = -start_3(D);
  cnt_2 = _1 > val_4(D) ? _5 : 1;

  <bb 4> [local count: 118111600]:
  # cnt_11 = PHI <cnt_2(3), 0(2)>
  return cnt_11;
}

or perhaps slightly easier to read:

  if (start > val) {
    cnt = (start+1) > val ? -start : 1;
  } else cnt = 0;

In this snippet, if we know start > val, then (start+1) > val
unless start+1 overflows, i.e. (start+1) == 0 and start == ~0.
We can use this (loop header) context to simplify the ternary
expression to "(start != -1) ? -start : 1", which with a little
help from match.pd can be folded to -start.  Hence the optimal
final value replacement should be:

  cnt = (start > val) ? -start : 0;

Or as now generated by this patch:

unsigned int foo (unsigned int val, unsigned int start)
{
  unsigned int cnt;

  <bb 2> [local count: 118111600]:
  if (start_3(D) > val_4(D))
    goto <bb 3>; [89.00%]
  else
    goto <bb 4>; [11.00%]

  <bb 3> [local count: 105119324]:
  cnt_2 = -start_3(D);

  <bb 4> [local count: 118111600]:
  # cnt_11 = PHI <cnt_2(3), 0(2)>
  return cnt_11;
}

We can also improve until-wrap loops that don't have a (suitable) loop
header, as determined by simplify_using_initial_conditions.

unsigned bar(unsigned val, unsigned start)
{
  unsigned cnt = 0;
  unsigned i = start;
  do {
    cnt++;
    i++;
  } while (i > val);
  return cnt;
}

which is currently optimized to:

unsigned int foo (unsigned int val, unsigned int start)
{
  unsigned int cnt;
  unsigned int _9;
  unsigned int _10;

  <bb 2> [local count: 118111600]:
  _9 = start_4(D) + 1;
  _10 = -start_4(D);
  cnt_3 = val_7(D) < _9 ? _10 : 1;
  return cnt_3;
}

Here we have "val < (start+1) ? -start : 1", which again with the
help of match.pd can be slightly simplified to "val <= start ? -start : 1"
when dealing with unsigned types, because at the complicating value where
start == ~0, we fortunately have -start == 1, hence it doesn't matter
whether the second or third operand of the ternary operator is returned.

To summarize, this patch (in addition to tweaking may_be_zero in
number_of_iterations_until_wrap) adds three new constant folding
transforms to match.pd.

X != C1 ? -X : C2 simplifies to -X when -C1 == C2.
which is the generalized form of the simplification above.

X != C1 ? ~X : C2 simplifies to ~X when ~C1 == C2.
which is the BIT_NOT_EXPR analog of the NEGATE_EXPR case.

and the "until-wrap final value replacement without context":

(X + 1) > Y ? -X : 1 simplifies to X >= Y ? -X : 1 when
X is unsigned, as when X + 1 overflows, X is -1, so -X == 1.

2021-12-01  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>
	    Richard Biener  <rguenther@suse.de>

gcc/ChangeLog
	* tree-ssa-loop-niter.c (number_of_iterations_until_wrap):
	Check if simplify_using_initial_conditions allows us to
	simplify the expression for may_be_zero.
	* match.pd (X != C ? -X : -C -> -X): New transform.
	(X != C ? ~X : ~C -> ~X): Likewise.
	((X+1) > Y ? -X : 1 -> X >= Y ? -X : 1): Likewise.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
	* gcc.dg/fold-condneg-1.c: New test case.
	* gcc.dg/fold-condneg-2.c: New test case.
	* gcc.dg/fold-condnot-1.c: New test case.
	* gcc.dg/pr101145-1.c: New test case.
	* gcc.dg/pr101145-2.c: New test case.

gcc/match.pd

@@ -4403,6 +4403,28 @@ DEFINE_INT_AND_FLOAT_ROUND_FN (RINT)
 	(op (min @X { wide_int_to_tree (from_type, real_c1); })
 	    { wide_int_to_tree (from_type, c2); })))))))))
 
+/* X != C1 ? -X : C2 simplifies to -X when -C1 == C2.  */
+(simplify
+ (cond (ne @0 INTEGER_CST@1) (negate@3 @0) INTEGER_CST@2)
+ (if (!TYPE_SATURATING (type)
+      && (TYPE_OVERFLOW_WRAPS (type)
+	  || !wi::only_sign_bit_p (wi::to_wide (@1)))
+      && wi::eq_p (wi::neg (wi::to_wide (@1)), wi::to_wide (@2)))
+  @3))
+
+/* X != C1 ? ~X : C2 simplifies to ~X when ~C1 == C2.  */
+(simplify
+ (cond (ne @0 INTEGER_CST@1) (bit_not@3 @0) INTEGER_CST@2)
+ (if (wi::eq_p (wi::bit_not (wi::to_wide (@1)), wi::to_wide (@2)))
+  @3))
+
+/* (X + 1) > Y ? -X : 1 simplifies to X >= Y ? -X : 1 when
+   X is unsigned, as when X + 1 overflows, X is -1, so -X == 1.  */
+(simplify
+ (cond (gt (plus @0 integer_onep) @1) (negate @0) integer_onep@2)
+ (if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (type))
+  (cond (ge @0 @1) (negate @0) @2)))
+
 (for cnd (cond vec_cond)
  /* A ? B : (A ? X : C) -> A ? B : C.  */
  (simplify

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/fold-condneg-1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+int test_i0(int x)
+{
+  return x != 0 ? -x : 0;
+}
+
+int test_i1(int x)
+{
+  return x != 1 ? -x : -1;
+}
+
+int test_im1(int x)
+{
+  return x != -1 ? -x : 1;
+}
+
+unsigned int test_u0(unsigned int x)
+{
+  return x != 0 ? -x : 0;
+}
+
+unsigned int test_u1(unsigned int x)
+{
+  return x != 1 ? -x : ~0u;
+}
+
+unsigned int test_um1(unsigned int x)
+{
+  return x != ~0u ? -x : 1;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc0(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 0 ? -x : 0;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc1(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 1 ? -x : 255;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc127(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 127 ? -x : 129;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc128(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 128 ? -x : 128;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc255(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 255 ? -x : 1;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-not "goto" "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/fold-condneg-2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -ftrapv -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define INT_MIN  (-__INT_MAX__ - 1)
+
+int test(int x)
+{
+  return x != INT_MIN ? -x : INT_MIN;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump "goto" "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/fold-condnot-1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+int test_i0(int x)
+{
+  return x != 0 ? ~x : ~0;
+}
+
+int test_i1(int x)
+{
+  return x != 1 ? ~x : -2;
+}
+
+int test_im1(int x)
+{
+  return x != ~0 ? ~x : 0;
+}
+
+unsigned int test_u0(unsigned int x)
+{
+  return x != 0 ? ~x : ~0;
+}
+
+unsigned int test_u1(unsigned int x)
+{
+  return x != 1 ? ~x : ~1u;
+}
+
+unsigned int test_um1(unsigned int x)
+{
+  return x != ~0u ? ~x : 0;
+}
+
+signed char test_c0(signed char x)
+{
+  return x != 0 ? ~x : -1;
+}
+
+signed char test_c1(signed char x)
+{
+  return x != 1 ? ~x : -2;
+}
+
+signed char test_cm1(signed char x)
+{
+  return x != -1 ? ~x : 0;
+}
+
+signed char test_cm128(signed char x)
+{
+  return x != -128 ? ~x : 127;
+}
+
+signed char test_c127(signed char x)
+{
+  return x != 127 ? ~x : -128;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc0(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 0 ? ~x : 255;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc1(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 1 ? ~x : 254;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc127(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 127 ? ~x : 128;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_uc128(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 128 ? ~x : 127;
+}
+
+unsigned char test_ucm1(unsigned char x)
+{
+  return x != 255 ? ~x : 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-not "goto" "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr101145-1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+unsigned foo(unsigned val, unsigned start)
+{
+  unsigned cnt = 0;
+  for (unsigned i = start; i > val; ++i)
+    cnt++;
+  return cnt;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump "cnt_\[0-9\] = -start_\[0-9\]\\(D\\);" "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr101145-2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+unsigned foo(unsigned val, unsigned start)
+{
+  unsigned cnt = 0;
+  unsigned i = start;
+  do {
+    cnt++;
+    i++;
+  } while (i > val);
+  return cnt;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump "cnt_\[0-9\] = start_\[0-9\]\\(D\\) >= val_\[0-9\]\\(D\\) \\? _\[0-9\] : 1;" "optimized" } } */

gcc/tree-ssa-loop-niter.c

@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ assert_loop_rolls_lt (tree type, affine_iv *iv0, affine_iv *iv1,
    The number of iterations is stored to NITER.  */
 
 static bool
-number_of_iterations_until_wrap (class loop *, tree type, affine_iv *iv0,
+number_of_iterations_until_wrap (class loop *loop, tree type, affine_iv *iv0,
 				 affine_iv *iv1, class tree_niter_desc *niter)
 {
   tree niter_type = unsigned_type_for (type);
@@ -1506,6 +1506,23 @@ number_of_iterations_until_wrap (class loop *, tree type, affine_iv *iv0,
 
       num = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, niter_type, wide_int_to_tree (type, max),
 			 iv1->base);
+
+      /* When base has the form iv + 1, if we know iv >= n, then iv + 1 < n
+	 only when iv + 1 overflows, i.e. when iv == TYPE_VALUE_MAX.  */
+      if (sgn == UNSIGNED
+	  && integer_onep (step)
+	  && TREE_CODE (iv1->base) == PLUS_EXPR
+	  && integer_onep (TREE_OPERAND (iv1->base, 1)))
+	{
+	  tree cond = fold_build2 (GE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				   TREE_OPERAND (iv1->base, 0), iv0->base);
+	  cond = simplify_using_initial_conditions (loop, cond);
+	  if (integer_onep (cond))
+	    may_be_zero = fold_build2 (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
+				       TREE_OPERAND (iv1->base, 0),
+				       TYPE_MAX_VALUE (type));
+	}
+
       high = max;
       if (TREE_CODE (iv1->base) == INTEGER_CST)
 	low = wi::to_wide (iv1->base) - 1;