c++: wrong error with MVP and pushdecl [PR64679]

This patch fixes the second half of 64679.  Here we issue a wrong
"redefinition of 'int x'" for the following:

  struct Bar {
    Bar(int, int, int);
  };

  int x = 1;
  Bar bar(int(x), int(x), int{x}); // #1

cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list does pushdecl every time it sees
a named parameter, so the second "int(x)" causes the error.  That's
premature, since this turns out to be a constructor call after the
third argument!

If the first parameter is parenthesized, we can't push until we've
established we're looking at a function declaration.  Therefore this
could be fixed by some kind of lookahead.  I thought about introducing a
lightweight variant of cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list that would
not have any side effects and would return as soon as it figures out
whether it's looking at a declaration or expression.  Since that would
require fairly nontrivial changes, I wanted something simpler.

Something like delaying the pushdecl until we've reached the ')'
following the parameter-declaration-clause.  But we must push the
parameters before processing a default argument, as in:

  Bar bar(int(a), int(b), int c = sizeof(a));  // valid

Moreover, this code should still be accepted

  Bar f(int(i), decltype(i) j = 42);

so this patch stashes parameters into a vector when parsing tentatively
only when pushdecl-ing a parameter would result in a clash and an error
about redefinition/redeclaration.  The stashed parameters are pushed at
the end of a parameter-declaration-clause if it's followed by a ')', so
that we still diagnose redefining a parameter.

	PR c++/64679

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

	* parser.cc (cp_parser_parameter_declaration_clause): Maintain
	a vector of parameters that haven't been pushed yet.  Push them at the
	end of a valid parameter-declaration-clause.
	(cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list): Take a new auto_vec parameter.
	Do not pushdecl while parsing tentatively when pushdecl-ing a parameter
	would result in a hard error.
	(cp_parser_cache_defarg): Adjust the call to
	cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* g++.dg/parse/ambig11.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/parse/ambig12.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/parse/ambig13.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/parse/ambig14.C: New test.

gcc/cp/parser.cc

@@ -2391,7 +2391,7 @@ static void cp_parser_type_specifier_seq
 static tree cp_parser_parameter_declaration_clause
   (cp_parser *, cp_parser_flags);
 static tree cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list
-  (cp_parser *, cp_parser_flags);
+  (cp_parser *, cp_parser_flags, auto_vec<tree> *);
 static cp_parameter_declarator *cp_parser_parameter_declaration
   (cp_parser *, cp_parser_flags, bool, bool *);
 static tree cp_parser_default_argument
@@ -24517,8 +24517,12 @@ cp_parser_parameter_declaration_clause (cp_parser* parser,
       return explicit_void_list_node;
     }
 
+  /* A vector of parameters that haven't been pushed yet.  */
+  auto_vec<tree> pending_decls;
+
   /* Parse the parameter-declaration-list.  */
-  parameters = cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list (parser, flags);
+  parameters = cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list (parser, flags,
+						     &pending_decls);
   /* If a parse error occurred while parsing the
      parameter-declaration-list, then the entire
      parameter-declaration-clause is erroneous.  */
@@ -24548,6 +24552,15 @@ cp_parser_parameter_declaration_clause (cp_parser* parser,
   else
     ellipsis_p = false;
 
+  /* A valid parameter-declaration-clause can only be followed by a ')'.
+     So it's time to push all the parameters we have seen now that we
+     know we have a valid declaration.  Note that here we may not have
+     committed yet, nor should we.  Pushing here will detect the error
+     of redefining a parameter.  */
+  if (cp_lexer_next_token_is (parser->lexer, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
+    for (tree p : pending_decls)
+      pushdecl (p);
+
   /* Finish the parameter list.  */
   if (!ellipsis_p)
     parameters = chainon (parameters, void_list_node);
@@ -24562,13 +24575,16 @@ cp_parser_parameter_declaration_clause (cp_parser* parser,
      parameter-declaration-list , parameter-declaration
 
    The parser flags FLAGS is used to control type-specifier parsing.
+   PENDING_DECLS is a vector of parameters that haven't been pushed yet.
 
    Returns a representation of the parameter-declaration-list, as for
    cp_parser_parameter_declaration_clause.  However, the
    `void_list_node' is never appended to the list.  */
 
 static tree
-cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list (cp_parser* parser, cp_parser_flags flags)
+cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list (cp_parser* parser,
+				      cp_parser_flags flags,
+				      auto_vec<tree> *pending_decls)
 {
   tree parameters = NULL_TREE;
   tree *tail = &parameters;
@@ -24625,7 +24641,37 @@ cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list (cp_parser* parser, cp_parser_flags flags)
 			       parameter->decl_specifiers.attributes,
 			       0);
       if (DECL_NAME (decl))
-	decl = pushdecl (decl);
+	{
+	  /* We cannot always pushdecl while parsing tentatively because
+	     it may have side effects and we can't be sure yet if we're
+	     parsing a declaration, e.g.:
+
+	       S foo(int(x), int(x), int{x});
+
+	     where it's not clear if we're dealing with a constructor call
+	     or a function declaration until we've seen the last argument
+	     which breaks it up.
+	     It's safe to pushdecl so long as it doesn't result in a clash
+	     with an already-pushed parameter.  But we don't delay pushing
+	     different parameters to handle
+
+	       S foo(int(i), decltype(i) j = 42);
+
+	     which is valid.  */
+	  if (pending_decls
+	      && cp_parser_uncommitted_to_tentative_parse_p (parser)
+	      /* See if PARAMETERS already contains a parameter with the same
+		 DECL_NAME as DECL.  */
+	      && [parameters, decl] {
+		   for (tree p = parameters; p; p = TREE_CHAIN (p))
+		     if (DECL_NAME (decl) == DECL_NAME (TREE_VALUE (p)))
+		       return true;
+		   return false;
+		 }())
+	    pending_decls->safe_push (decl);
+	  else
+	    decl = pushdecl (decl);
+	}
 
       if (decl != error_mark_node)
 	{
@@ -34072,7 +34118,8 @@ cp_parser_cache_defarg (cp_parser *parser, bool nsdmi)
 		  cp_lexer_consume_token (parser->lexer);
 		  begin_scope (sk_function_parms, NULL_TREE);
 		  tree t = cp_parser_parameter_declaration_list
-			    (parser, CP_PARSER_FLAGS_NONE);
+			    (parser, CP_PARSER_FLAGS_NONE,
+			     /*pending_decls*/nullptr);
 		  if (t == error_mark_node)
 		    error = true;
 		  pop_bindings_and_leave_scope ();

gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/parse/ambig11.C

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// PR c++/64679
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+struct Bar {
+  int a, b, c;
+  Bar(int a, int b, int c) : a(a), b(b), c(c) { }
+};
+
+void
+f ()
+{
+  Bar fn1(int(a), int(b), int c = sizeof(a));
+  Bar fn2(int(x), int(y), int(z)); // { dg-warning "function declaration" }
+  Bar fn3(int(x), int(y), int);
+  Bar fn4(int (*p)(int(x), int(y))); // { dg-warning "function declaration" }
+  Bar fn5(int (x), int (*p)(int(x), int(y)), int);
+}
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  int x = 1;
+  // This ain't a decl.
+  Bar v1(int(x), int(x), int{x});
+  if (v1.a != 1 || v1.b != v1.a || v1.c != v1.a)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  Bar v2(int(x), int(x), 1);
+  if (v2.a != 1 || v2.b != v2.a || v2.c != 1)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  Bar v3(int(x), int(x), int(1));
+  if (v3.a != 1 || v3.b != v3.a || v3.c != 1)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  Bar v4(int(1), int(x), int{x});
+  if (v4.a != 1 || v4.b != 1 || v4.c != 1)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  Bar v5(int{x}, int(x), int{x});
+  if (v5.a != 1 || v5.b != v5.a || v5.c != v5.a)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+}

gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/parse/ambig12.C

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// PR c++/64679
+
+struct Bar {
+  Bar (int, int, int);
+};
+
+void
+g ()
+{
+  Bar e1(int(x), int(x), int); // { dg-error "redefinition" }
+  Bar e2(int (*p)(int(x), int(x)), int); // { dg-error "redefinition" }
+}

gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/parse/ambig13.C

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// PR c++/64679
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+
+struct Bar {
+  Bar (int, int, int);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+void
+g ()
+{
+  int x = 1;
+  Bar v1(T(x), T(x), T{x});
+  Bar v2(T(x), T(x), T(1));
+}
+
+void
+invoke (Bar (*p)) noexcept(noexcept(*p))
+{
+}
+
+auto
+pmf (int (Bar::*p)) -> decltype(p)
+{
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void
+f ()
+{
+  g<int>();
+}

gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/parse/ambig14.C

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// PR c++/64679
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+
+struct F {
+  F(int, int);
+};
+
+void
+g ()
+{
+  int x = 42;
+  
+  F v1(int(x), decltype(x)(42));
+
+  F f1(int(i), decltype(i) j = 42);
+  F f2(int(i), decltype(i) j);
+  F f3(int(i), decltype(i)(j));	// { dg-warning "function declaration" }
+  F f4(int(i), decltype(i)(j) = 42); // { dg-warning "function declaration" }
+  F f5(int (i), bool b = true, decltype(i) j = 42);
+  F f6(int(i), decltype(x)(x)); // { dg-warning "function declaration" }
+}