/* Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Contributed by Andy Vaught F2003 I/O support contributed by Jerry DeLisle This file is part of the GNU Fortran 95 runtime library (libgfortran). Libgfortran is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License, the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link the compiled version of this file into combinations with other programs, and to distribute those combinations without any restriction coming from the use of this file. (The General Public License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked into a combine executable.) Libgfortran is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Libgfortran; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */ #include "io.h" #include #include #include static const st_option access_opt[] = { {"sequential", ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL}, {"direct", ACCESS_DIRECT}, {"append", ACCESS_APPEND}, {"stream", ACCESS_STREAM}, {NULL, 0} }; static const st_option action_opt[] = { { "read", ACTION_READ}, { "write", ACTION_WRITE}, { "readwrite", ACTION_READWRITE}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option blank_opt[] = { { "null", BLANK_NULL}, { "zero", BLANK_ZERO}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option delim_opt[] = { { "none", DELIM_NONE}, { "apostrophe", DELIM_APOSTROPHE}, { "quote", DELIM_QUOTE}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option form_opt[] = { { "formatted", FORM_FORMATTED}, { "unformatted", FORM_UNFORMATTED}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option position_opt[] = { { "asis", POSITION_ASIS}, { "rewind", POSITION_REWIND}, { "append", POSITION_APPEND}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option status_opt[] = { { "unknown", STATUS_UNKNOWN}, { "old", STATUS_OLD}, { "new", STATUS_NEW}, { "replace", STATUS_REPLACE}, { "scratch", STATUS_SCRATCH}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option pad_opt[] = { { "yes", PAD_YES}, { "no", PAD_NO}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option decimal_opt[] = { { "point", DECIMAL_POINT}, { "comma", DECIMAL_COMMA}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option encoding_opt[] = { { "utf-8", ENCODING_UTF8}, { "default", ENCODING_DEFAULT}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option round_opt[] = { { "up", ROUND_UP}, { "down", ROUND_DOWN}, { "zero", ROUND_ZERO}, { "nearest", ROUND_NEAREST}, { "compatible", ROUND_COMPATIBLE}, { "processor_defined", ROUND_PROCDEFINED}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option sign_opt[] = { { "plus", SIGN_PLUS}, { "suppress", SIGN_SUPPRESS}, { "processor_defined", SIGN_PROCDEFINED}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option convert_opt[] = { { "native", GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE}, { "swap", GFC_CONVERT_SWAP}, { "big_endian", GFC_CONVERT_BIG}, { "little_endian", GFC_CONVERT_LITTLE}, { NULL, 0} }; static const st_option async_opt[] = { { "yes", ASYNC_YES}, { "no", ASYNC_NO}, { NULL, 0} }; /* Given a unit, test to see if the file is positioned at the terminal point, and if so, change state from NO_ENDFILE flag to AT_ENDFILE. This prevents us from changing the state from AFTER_ENDFILE to AT_ENDFILE. */ static void test_endfile (gfc_unit * u) { if (u->endfile == NO_ENDFILE && file_length (u->s) == file_position (u->s)) u->endfile = AT_ENDFILE; } /* Change the modes of a file, those that are allowed * to be changed. */ static void edit_modes (st_parameter_open *opp, gfc_unit * u, unit_flags * flags) { /* Complain about attempts to change the unchangeable. */ if (flags->status != STATUS_UNSPECIFIED && flags->status != STATUS_OLD && u->flags.status != flags->status) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Cannot change STATUS parameter in OPEN statement"); if (flags->access != ACCESS_UNSPECIFIED && u->flags.access != flags->access) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Cannot change ACCESS parameter in OPEN statement"); if (flags->form != FORM_UNSPECIFIED && u->flags.form != flags->form) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Cannot change FORM parameter in OPEN statement"); if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_RECL_IN) && opp->recl_in != u->recl) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Cannot change RECL parameter in OPEN statement"); if (flags->action != ACTION_UNSPECIFIED && u->flags.action != flags->action) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Cannot change ACTION parameter in OPEN statement"); /* Status must be OLD if present. */ if (flags->status != STATUS_UNSPECIFIED && flags->status != STATUS_OLD && flags->status != STATUS_UNKNOWN) { if (flags->status == STATUS_SCRATCH) notify_std (&opp->common, GFC_STD_GNU, "OPEN statement must have a STATUS of OLD or UNKNOWN"); else generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "OPEN statement must have a STATUS of OLD or UNKNOWN"); } if (u->flags.form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { if (flags->delim != DELIM_UNSPECIFIED) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "DELIM parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); if (flags->blank != BLANK_UNSPECIFIED) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "BLANK parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); if (flags->pad != PAD_UNSPECIFIED) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "PAD parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); if (flags->decimal != DECIMAL_UNSPECIFIED) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "DECIMAL parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); if (flags->encoding != ENCODING_UNSPECIFIED) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "ENCODING parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); if (flags->round != ROUND_UNSPECIFIED) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "ROUND parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); if (flags->sign != SIGN_UNSPECIFIED) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "SIGN parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); } if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) == IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK) { /* Change the changeable: */ if (flags->blank != BLANK_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.blank = flags->blank; if (flags->delim != DELIM_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.delim = flags->delim; if (flags->pad != PAD_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.pad = flags->pad; if (flags->decimal != DECIMAL_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.decimal = flags->decimal; if (flags->encoding != ENCODING_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.encoding = flags->encoding; if (flags->async != ASYNC_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.async = flags->async; if (flags->round != ROUND_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.round = flags->round; if (flags->sign != SIGN_UNSPECIFIED) u->flags.sign = flags->sign; } /* Reposition the file if necessary. */ switch (flags->position) { case POSITION_UNSPECIFIED: case POSITION_ASIS: break; case POSITION_REWIND: if (sseek (u->s, 0) == FAILURE) goto seek_error; u->current_record = 0; u->last_record = 0; test_endfile (u); break; case POSITION_APPEND: if (sseek (u->s, file_length (u->s)) == FAILURE) goto seek_error; if (flags->access != ACCESS_STREAM) u->current_record = 0; u->endfile = AT_ENDFILE; /* We are at the end. */ break; seek_error: generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL); break; } unlock_unit (u); } /* Open an unused unit. */ gfc_unit * new_unit (st_parameter_open *opp, gfc_unit *u, unit_flags * flags) { gfc_unit *u2; stream *s; char tmpname[5 /* fort. */ + 10 /* digits of unit number */ + 1 /* 0 */]; /* Change unspecifieds to defaults. Leave (flags->action == ACTION_UNSPECIFIED) alone so open_external() can set it based on what type of open actually works. */ if (flags->access == ACCESS_UNSPECIFIED) flags->access = ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL; if (flags->form == FORM_UNSPECIFIED) flags->form = (flags->access == ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL) ? FORM_FORMATTED : FORM_UNFORMATTED; if (flags->async == ASYNC_UNSPECIFIED) flags->async = ASYNC_NO; if (flags->status == STATUS_UNSPECIFIED) flags->status = STATUS_UNKNOWN; /* Checks. */ if (flags->delim == DELIM_UNSPECIFIED) flags->delim = DELIM_NONE; else { if (flags->form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "DELIM parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); goto fail; } } if (flags->blank == BLANK_UNSPECIFIED) flags->blank = BLANK_NULL; else { if (flags->form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "BLANK parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); goto fail; } } if (flags->pad == PAD_UNSPECIFIED) flags->pad = PAD_YES; else { if (flags->form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "PAD parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); goto fail; } } if (flags->decimal == DECIMAL_UNSPECIFIED) flags->decimal = DECIMAL_POINT; else { if (flags->form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "DECIMAL parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form " "in OPEN statement"); goto fail; } } if (flags->encoding == ENCODING_UNSPECIFIED) flags->encoding = ENCODING_DEFAULT; else { if (flags->form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "ENCODING parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); goto fail; } } /* NB: the value for ROUND when it's not specified by the user does not have to be PROCESSOR_DEFINED; the standard says that it is processor dependent, and requires that it is one of the possible value (see F2003, 9.4.5.13). */ if (flags->round == ROUND_UNSPECIFIED) flags->round = ROUND_PROCDEFINED; else { if (flags->form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "ROUND parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); goto fail; } } if (flags->sign == SIGN_UNSPECIFIED) flags->sign = SIGN_PROCDEFINED; else { if (flags->form == FORM_UNFORMATTED) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "SIGN parameter conflicts with UNFORMATTED form in " "OPEN statement"); goto fail; } } if (flags->position != POSITION_ASIS && flags->access == ACCESS_DIRECT) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OPTION_CONFLICT, "ACCESS parameter conflicts with SEQUENTIAL access in " "OPEN statement"); goto fail; } else if (flags->position == POSITION_UNSPECIFIED) flags->position = POSITION_ASIS; if (flags->access == ACCESS_DIRECT && (opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_RECL_IN) == 0) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_MISSING_OPTION, "Missing RECL parameter in OPEN statement"); goto fail; } if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_RECL_IN) && opp->recl_in <= 0) { generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "RECL parameter is non-positive in OPEN statement"); goto fail; } switch (flags->status) { case STATUS_SCRATCH: if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_FILE) == 0) { opp->file = NULL; break; } generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "FILE parameter must not be present in OPEN statement"); goto fail; case STATUS_OLD: case STATUS_NEW: case STATUS_REPLACE: case STATUS_UNKNOWN: if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_FILE)) break; opp->file = tmpname; #ifdef HAVE_SNPRINTF opp->file_len = snprintf(opp->file, sizeof (tmpname), "fort.%d", (int) opp->common.unit); #else opp->file_len = sprintf(opp->file, "fort.%d", (int) opp->common.unit); #endif break; default: internal_error (&opp->common, "new_unit(): Bad status"); } /* Make sure the file isn't already open someplace else. Do not error if opening file preconnected to stdin, stdout, stderr. */ u2 = NULL; if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_FILE) != 0) u2 = find_file (opp->file, opp->file_len); if (u2 != NULL && (options.stdin_unit < 0 || u2->unit_number != options.stdin_unit) && (options.stdout_unit < 0 || u2->unit_number != options.stdout_unit) && (options.stderr_unit < 0 || u2->unit_number != options.stderr_unit)) { unlock_unit (u2); generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_ALREADY_OPEN, NULL); goto cleanup; } if (u2 != NULL) unlock_unit (u2); /* Open file. */ s = open_external (opp, flags); if (s == NULL) { char *path, *msg; path = (char *) gfc_alloca (opp->file_len + 1); msg = (char *) gfc_alloca (opp->file_len + 51); unpack_filename (path, opp->file, opp->file_len); switch (errno) { case ENOENT: sprintf (msg, "File '%s' does not exist", path); break; case EEXIST: sprintf (msg, "File '%s' already exists", path); break; case EACCES: sprintf (msg, "Permission denied trying to open file '%s'", path); break; case EISDIR: sprintf (msg, "'%s' is a directory", path); break; default: msg = NULL; } generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OS, msg); goto cleanup; } if (flags->status == STATUS_NEW || flags->status == STATUS_REPLACE) flags->status = STATUS_OLD; /* Create the unit structure. */ u->file = get_mem (opp->file_len); if (u->unit_number != opp->common.unit) internal_error (&opp->common, "Unit number changed"); u->s = s; u->flags = *flags; u->read_bad = 0; u->endfile = NO_ENDFILE; u->last_record = 0; u->current_record = 0; u->mode = READING; u->maxrec = 0; u->bytes_left = 0; u->saved_pos = 0; if (flags->position == POSITION_APPEND) { if (sseek (u->s, file_length (u->s)) == FAILURE) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OS, NULL); u->endfile = AT_ENDFILE; } /* Unspecified recl ends up with a processor dependent value. */ if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_RECL_IN)) { u->flags.has_recl = 1; u->recl = opp->recl_in; u->recl_subrecord = u->recl; u->bytes_left = u->recl; } else { u->flags.has_recl = 0; u->recl = max_offset; if (compile_options.max_subrecord_length) { u->recl_subrecord = compile_options.max_subrecord_length; } else { switch (compile_options.record_marker) { case 0: /* Fall through */ case sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_4): u->recl_subrecord = GFC_MAX_SUBRECORD_LENGTH; break; case sizeof (GFC_INTEGER_8): u->recl_subrecord = max_offset - 16; break; default: runtime_error ("Illegal value for record marker"); break; } } } /* If the file is direct access, calculate the maximum record number via a division now instead of letting the multiplication overflow later. */ if (flags->access == ACCESS_DIRECT) u->maxrec = max_offset / u->recl; if (flags->access == ACCESS_STREAM) { u->maxrec = max_offset; u->recl = 1; u->strm_pos = file_position (u->s) + 1; } memmove (u->file, opp->file, opp->file_len); u->file_len = opp->file_len; /* Curiously, the standard requires that the position specifier be ignored for new files so a newly connected file starts out at the initial point. We still need to figure out if the file is at the end or not. */ test_endfile (u); if (flags->status == STATUS_SCRATCH && opp->file != NULL) free_mem (opp->file); if (flags->form == FORM_FORMATTED && (flags->action != ACTION_READ)) { if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_RECL_IN)) fbuf_init (u, u->recl); else fbuf_init (u, 0); } else u->fbuf = NULL; return u; cleanup: /* Free memory associated with a temporary filename. */ if (flags->status == STATUS_SCRATCH && opp->file != NULL) free_mem (opp->file); fail: close_unit (u); return NULL; } /* Open a unit which is already open. This involves changing the modes or closing what is there now and opening the new file. */ static void already_open (st_parameter_open *opp, gfc_unit * u, unit_flags * flags) { if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_FILE) == 0) { edit_modes (opp, u, flags); return; } /* If the file is connected to something else, close it and open a new unit. */ if (!compare_file_filename (u, opp->file, opp->file_len)) { #if !HAVE_UNLINK_OPEN_FILE char *path = NULL; if (u->file && u->flags.status == STATUS_SCRATCH) { path = (char *) gfc_alloca (u->file_len + 1); unpack_filename (path, u->file, u->file_len); } #endif if (sclose (u->s) == FAILURE) { unlock_unit (u); generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_OS, "Error closing file in OPEN statement"); return; } u->s = NULL; if (u->file) free_mem (u->file); u->file = NULL; u->file_len = 0; #if !HAVE_UNLINK_OPEN_FILE if (path != NULL) unlink (path); #endif u = new_unit (opp, u, flags); if (u != NULL) unlock_unit (u); return; } edit_modes (opp, u, flags); } /* Open file. */ extern void st_open (st_parameter_open *opp); export_proto(st_open); void st_open (st_parameter_open *opp) { unit_flags flags; gfc_unit *u = NULL; GFC_INTEGER_4 cf = opp->common.flags; unit_convert conv; library_start (&opp->common); /* Decode options. */ flags.access = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_ACCESS) ? ACCESS_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->access, opp->access_len, access_opt, "Bad ACCESS parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.action = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_ACTION) ? ACTION_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->action, opp->action_len, action_opt, "Bad ACTION parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.blank = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_BLANK) ? BLANK_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->blank, opp->blank_len, blank_opt, "Bad BLANK parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.delim = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_DELIM) ? DELIM_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->delim, opp->delim_len, delim_opt, "Bad DELIM parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.pad = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_PAD) ? PAD_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->pad, opp->pad_len, pad_opt, "Bad PAD parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.decimal = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_DECIMAL) ? DECIMAL_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->decimal, opp->decimal_len, decimal_opt, "Bad DECIMAL parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.encoding = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_ENCODING) ? ENCODING_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->encoding, opp->encoding_len, encoding_opt, "Bad ENCODING parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.async = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_ASYNCHRONOUS) ? ASYNC_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->asynchronous, opp->asynchronous_len, async_opt, "Bad ASYNCHRONOUS parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.round = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_ROUND) ? ROUND_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->round, opp->round_len, round_opt, "Bad ROUND parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.sign = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_SIGN) ? SIGN_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->sign, opp->sign_len, sign_opt, "Bad SIGN parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.form = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_FORM) ? FORM_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->form, opp->form_len, form_opt, "Bad FORM parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.position = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_POSITION) ? POSITION_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->position, opp->position_len, position_opt, "Bad POSITION parameter in OPEN statement"); flags.status = !(cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_STATUS) ? STATUS_UNSPECIFIED : find_option (&opp->common, opp->status, opp->status_len, status_opt, "Bad STATUS parameter in OPEN statement"); /* First, we check wether the convert flag has been set via environment variable. This overrides the convert tag in the open statement. */ conv = get_unformatted_convert (opp->common.unit); if (conv == GFC_CONVERT_NONE) { /* Nothing has been set by environment variable, check the convert tag. */ if (cf & IOPARM_OPEN_HAS_CONVERT) conv = find_option (&opp->common, opp->convert, opp->convert_len, convert_opt, "Bad CONVERT parameter in OPEN statement"); else conv = compile_options.convert; } /* We use big_endian, which is 0 on little-endian machines and 1 on big-endian machines. */ switch (conv) { case GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE: case GFC_CONVERT_SWAP: break; case GFC_CONVERT_BIG: conv = big_endian ? GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE : GFC_CONVERT_SWAP; break; case GFC_CONVERT_LITTLE: conv = big_endian ? GFC_CONVERT_SWAP : GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE; break; default: internal_error (&opp->common, "Illegal value for CONVERT"); break; } flags.convert = conv; if (opp->common.unit < 0) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Bad unit number in OPEN statement"); if (flags.position != POSITION_UNSPECIFIED && flags.access == ACCESS_DIRECT) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Cannot use POSITION with direct access files"); if (flags.access == ACCESS_APPEND) { if (flags.position != POSITION_UNSPECIFIED && flags.position != POSITION_APPEND) generate_error (&opp->common, LIBERROR_BAD_OPTION, "Conflicting ACCESS and POSITION flags in" " OPEN statement"); notify_std (&opp->common, GFC_STD_GNU, "Extension: APPEND as a value for ACCESS in OPEN statement"); flags.access = ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL; flags.position = POSITION_APPEND; } if (flags.position == POSITION_UNSPECIFIED) flags.position = POSITION_ASIS; if ((opp->common.flags & IOPARM_LIBRETURN_MASK) == IOPARM_LIBRETURN_OK) { u = find_or_create_unit (opp->common.unit); if (u->s == NULL) { u = new_unit (opp, u, &flags); if (u != NULL) unlock_unit (u); } else already_open (opp, u, &flags); } library_end (); }