// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. // Represents JSON data structure using native Go types: booleans, floats, // strings, arrays, and maps. package json import ( "bytes" "encoding" "encoding/base64" "errors" "fmt" "reflect" "runtime" "strconv" "unicode" "unicode/utf16" "unicode/utf8" ) // Unmarshal parses the JSON-encoded data and stores the result // in the value pointed to by v. // // Unmarshal uses the inverse of the encodings that // Marshal uses, allocating maps, slices, and pointers as necessary, // with the following additional rules: // // To unmarshal JSON into a pointer, Unmarshal first handles the case of // the JSON being the JSON literal null. In that case, Unmarshal sets // the pointer to nil. Otherwise, Unmarshal unmarshals the JSON into // the value pointed at by the pointer. If the pointer is nil, Unmarshal // allocates a new value for it to point to. // // To unmarshal JSON into a struct, Unmarshal matches incoming object // keys to the keys used by Marshal (either the struct field name or its tag), // preferring an exact match but also accepting a case-insensitive match. // // To unmarshal JSON into an interface value, // Unmarshal stores one of these in the interface value: // // bool, for JSON booleans // float64, for JSON numbers // string, for JSON strings // []interface{}, for JSON arrays // map[string]interface{}, for JSON objects // nil for JSON null // // If a JSON value is not appropriate for a given target type, // or if a JSON number overflows the target type, Unmarshal // skips that field and completes the unmarshalling as best it can. // If no more serious errors are encountered, Unmarshal returns // an UnmarshalTypeError describing the earliest such error. // // The JSON null value unmarshals into an interface, map, pointer, or slice // by setting that Go value to nil. Because null is often used in JSON to mean // ``not present,'' unmarshaling a JSON null into any other Go type has no effect // on the value and produces no error. // // When unmarshaling quoted strings, invalid UTF-8 or // invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs are not treated as an error. // Instead, they are replaced by the Unicode replacement // character U+FFFD. // func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error { // Check for well-formedness. // Avoids filling out half a data structure // before discovering a JSON syntax error. var d decodeState err := checkValid(data, &d.scan) if err != nil { return err } d.init(data) return d.unmarshal(v) } // Unmarshaler is the interface implemented by objects // that can unmarshal a JSON description of themselves. // The input can be assumed to be a valid encoding of // a JSON value. UnmarshalJSON must copy the JSON data // if it wishes to retain the data after returning. type Unmarshaler interface { UnmarshalJSON([]byte) error } // An UnmarshalTypeError describes a JSON value that was // not appropriate for a value of a specific Go type. type UnmarshalTypeError struct { Value string // description of JSON value - "bool", "array", "number -5" Type reflect.Type // type of Go value it could not be assigned to } func (e *UnmarshalTypeError) Error() string { return "json: cannot unmarshal " + e.Value + " into Go value of type " + e.Type.String() } // An UnmarshalFieldError describes a JSON object key that // led to an unexported (and therefore unwritable) struct field. // (No longer used; kept for compatibility.) type UnmarshalFieldError struct { Key string Type reflect.Type Field reflect.StructField } func (e *UnmarshalFieldError) Error() string { return "json: cannot unmarshal object key " + strconv.Quote(e.Key) + " into unexported field " + e.Field.Name + " of type " + e.Type.String() } // An InvalidUnmarshalError describes an invalid argument passed to Unmarshal. // (The argument to Unmarshal must be a non-nil pointer.) type InvalidUnmarshalError struct { Type reflect.Type } func (e *InvalidUnmarshalError) Error() string { if e.Type == nil { return "json: Unmarshal(nil)" } if e.Type.Kind() != reflect.Ptr { return "json: Unmarshal(non-pointer " + e.Type.String() + ")" } return "json: Unmarshal(nil " + e.Type.String() + ")" } func (d *decodeState) unmarshal(v interface{}) (err error) { defer func() { if r := recover(); r != nil { if _, ok := r.(runtime.Error); ok { panic(r) } err = r.(error) } }() rv := reflect.ValueOf(v) if rv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || rv.IsNil() { return &InvalidUnmarshalError{reflect.TypeOf(v)} } d.scan.reset() // We decode rv not rv.Elem because the Unmarshaler interface // test must be applied at the top level of the value. d.value(rv) return d.savedError } // A Number represents a JSON number literal. type Number string // String returns the literal text of the number. func (n Number) String() string { return string(n) } // Float64 returns the number as a float64. func (n Number) Float64() (float64, error) { return strconv.ParseFloat(string(n), 64) } // Int64 returns the number as an int64. func (n Number) Int64() (int64, error) { return strconv.ParseInt(string(n), 10, 64) } // decodeState represents the state while decoding a JSON value. type decodeState struct { data []byte off int // read offset in data scan scanner nextscan scanner // for calls to nextValue savedError error useNumber bool } // errPhase is used for errors that should not happen unless // there is a bug in the JSON decoder or something is editing // the data slice while the decoder executes. var errPhase = errors.New("JSON decoder out of sync - data changing underfoot?") func (d *decodeState) init(data []byte) *decodeState { d.data = data d.off = 0 d.savedError = nil return d } // error aborts the decoding by panicking with err. func (d *decodeState) error(err error) { panic(err) } // saveError saves the first err it is called with, // for reporting at the end of the unmarshal. func (d *decodeState) saveError(err error) { if d.savedError == nil { d.savedError = err } } // next cuts off and returns the next full JSON value in d.data[d.off:]. // The next value is known to be an object or array, not a literal. func (d *decodeState) next() []byte { c := d.data[d.off] item, rest, err := nextValue(d.data[d.off:], &d.nextscan) if err != nil { d.error(err) } d.off = len(d.data) - len(rest) // Our scanner has seen the opening brace/bracket // and thinks we're still in the middle of the object. // invent a closing brace/bracket to get it out. if c == '{' { d.scan.step(&d.scan, '}') } else { d.scan.step(&d.scan, ']') } return item } // scanWhile processes bytes in d.data[d.off:] until it // receives a scan code not equal to op. // It updates d.off and returns the new scan code. func (d *decodeState) scanWhile(op int) int { var newOp int for { if d.off >= len(d.data) { newOp = d.scan.eof() d.off = len(d.data) + 1 // mark processed EOF with len+1 } else { c := int(d.data[d.off]) d.off++ newOp = d.scan.step(&d.scan, c) } if newOp != op { break } } return newOp } // value decodes a JSON value from d.data[d.off:] into the value. // it updates d.off to point past the decoded value. func (d *decodeState) value(v reflect.Value) { if !v.IsValid() { _, rest, err := nextValue(d.data[d.off:], &d.nextscan) if err != nil { d.error(err) } d.off = len(d.data) - len(rest) // d.scan thinks we're still at the beginning of the item. // Feed in an empty string - the shortest, simplest value - // so that it knows we got to the end of the value. if d.scan.redo { // rewind. d.scan.redo = false d.scan.step = stateBeginValue } d.scan.step(&d.scan, '"') d.scan.step(&d.scan, '"') n := len(d.scan.parseState) if n > 0 && d.scan.parseState[n-1] == parseObjectKey { // d.scan thinks we just read an object key; finish the object d.scan.step(&d.scan, ':') d.scan.step(&d.scan, '"') d.scan.step(&d.scan, '"') d.scan.step(&d.scan, '}') } return } switch op := d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace); op { default: d.error(errPhase) case scanBeginArray: d.array(v) case scanBeginObject: d.object(v) case scanBeginLiteral: d.literal(v) } } type unquotedValue struct{} // valueQuoted is like value but decodes a // quoted string literal or literal null into an interface value. // If it finds anything other than a quoted string literal or null, // valueQuoted returns unquotedValue{}. func (d *decodeState) valueQuoted() interface{} { switch op := d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace); op { default: d.error(errPhase) case scanBeginArray: d.array(reflect.Value{}) case scanBeginObject: d.object(reflect.Value{}) case scanBeginLiteral: switch v := d.literalInterface().(type) { case nil, string: return v } } return unquotedValue{} } // indirect walks down v allocating pointers as needed, // until it gets to a non-pointer. // if it encounters an Unmarshaler, indirect stops and returns that. // if decodingNull is true, indirect stops at the last pointer so it can be set to nil. func (d *decodeState) indirect(v reflect.Value, decodingNull bool) (Unmarshaler, encoding.TextUnmarshaler, reflect.Value) { // If v is a named type and is addressable, // start with its address, so that if the type has pointer methods, // we find them. if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && v.Type().Name() != "" && v.CanAddr() { v = v.Addr() } for { // Load value from interface, but only if the result will be // usefully addressable. if v.Kind() == reflect.Interface && !v.IsNil() { e := v.Elem() if e.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !e.IsNil() && (!decodingNull || e.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr) { v = e continue } } if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr { break } if v.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Ptr && decodingNull && v.CanSet() { break } if v.IsNil() { v.Set(reflect.New(v.Type().Elem())) } if v.Type().NumMethod() > 0 { if u, ok := v.Interface().(Unmarshaler); ok { return u, nil, reflect.Value{} } if u, ok := v.Interface().(encoding.TextUnmarshaler); ok { return nil, u, reflect.Value{} } } v = v.Elem() } return nil, nil, v } // array consumes an array from d.data[d.off-1:], decoding into the value v. // the first byte of the array ('[') has been read already. func (d *decodeState) array(v reflect.Value) { // Check for unmarshaler. u, ut, pv := d.indirect(v, false) if u != nil { d.off-- err := u.UnmarshalJSON(d.next()) if err != nil { d.error(err) } return } if ut != nil { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"array", v.Type()}) d.off-- d.next() return } v = pv // Check type of target. switch v.Kind() { case reflect.Interface: if v.NumMethod() == 0 { // Decoding into nil interface? Switch to non-reflect code. v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(d.arrayInterface())) return } // Otherwise it's invalid. fallthrough default: d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"array", v.Type()}) d.off-- d.next() return case reflect.Array: case reflect.Slice: break } i := 0 for { // Look ahead for ] - can only happen on first iteration. op := d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndArray { break } // Back up so d.value can have the byte we just read. d.off-- d.scan.undo(op) // Get element of array, growing if necessary. if v.Kind() == reflect.Slice { // Grow slice if necessary if i >= v.Cap() { newcap := v.Cap() + v.Cap()/2 if newcap < 4 { newcap = 4 } newv := reflect.MakeSlice(v.Type(), v.Len(), newcap) reflect.Copy(newv, v) v.Set(newv) } if i >= v.Len() { v.SetLen(i + 1) } } if i < v.Len() { // Decode into element. d.value(v.Index(i)) } else { // Ran out of fixed array: skip. d.value(reflect.Value{}) } i++ // Next token must be , or ]. op = d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndArray { break } if op != scanArrayValue { d.error(errPhase) } } if i < v.Len() { if v.Kind() == reflect.Array { // Array. Zero the rest. z := reflect.Zero(v.Type().Elem()) for ; i < v.Len(); i++ { v.Index(i).Set(z) } } else { v.SetLen(i) } } if i == 0 && v.Kind() == reflect.Slice { v.Set(reflect.MakeSlice(v.Type(), 0, 0)) } } var nullLiteral = []byte("null") // object consumes an object from d.data[d.off-1:], decoding into the value v. // the first byte ('{') of the object has been read already. func (d *decodeState) object(v reflect.Value) { // Check for unmarshaler. u, ut, pv := d.indirect(v, false) if u != nil { d.off-- err := u.UnmarshalJSON(d.next()) if err != nil { d.error(err) } return } if ut != nil { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"object", v.Type()}) d.off-- d.next() // skip over { } in input return } v = pv // Decoding into nil interface? Switch to non-reflect code. if v.Kind() == reflect.Interface && v.NumMethod() == 0 { v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(d.objectInterface())) return } // Check type of target: struct or map[string]T switch v.Kind() { case reflect.Map: // map must have string kind t := v.Type() if t.Key().Kind() != reflect.String { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"object", v.Type()}) d.off-- d.next() // skip over { } in input return } if v.IsNil() { v.Set(reflect.MakeMap(t)) } case reflect.Struct: default: d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"object", v.Type()}) d.off-- d.next() // skip over { } in input return } var mapElem reflect.Value for { // Read opening " of string key or closing }. op := d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndObject { // closing } - can only happen on first iteration. break } if op != scanBeginLiteral { d.error(errPhase) } // Read key. start := d.off - 1 op = d.scanWhile(scanContinue) item := d.data[start : d.off-1] key, ok := unquoteBytes(item) if !ok { d.error(errPhase) } // Figure out field corresponding to key. var subv reflect.Value destring := false // whether the value is wrapped in a string to be decoded first if v.Kind() == reflect.Map { elemType := v.Type().Elem() if !mapElem.IsValid() { mapElem = reflect.New(elemType).Elem() } else { mapElem.Set(reflect.Zero(elemType)) } subv = mapElem } else { var f *field fields := cachedTypeFields(v.Type()) for i := range fields { ff := &fields[i] if bytes.Equal(ff.nameBytes, key) { f = ff break } if f == nil && ff.equalFold(ff.nameBytes, key) { f = ff } } if f != nil { subv = v destring = f.quoted for _, i := range f.index { if subv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr { if subv.IsNil() { subv.Set(reflect.New(subv.Type().Elem())) } subv = subv.Elem() } subv = subv.Field(i) } } } // Read : before value. if op == scanSkipSpace { op = d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) } if op != scanObjectKey { d.error(errPhase) } // Read value. if destring { switch qv := d.valueQuoted().(type) { case nil: d.literalStore(nullLiteral, subv, false) case string: d.literalStore([]byte(qv), subv, true) default: d.saveError(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal unquoted value into %v", item, v.Type())) } } else { d.value(subv) } // Write value back to map; // if using struct, subv points into struct already. if v.Kind() == reflect.Map { kv := reflect.ValueOf(key).Convert(v.Type().Key()) v.SetMapIndex(kv, subv) } // Next token must be , or }. op = d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndObject { break } if op != scanObjectValue { d.error(errPhase) } } } // literal consumes a literal from d.data[d.off-1:], decoding into the value v. // The first byte of the literal has been read already // (that's how the caller knows it's a literal). func (d *decodeState) literal(v reflect.Value) { // All bytes inside literal return scanContinue op code. start := d.off - 1 op := d.scanWhile(scanContinue) // Scan read one byte too far; back up. d.off-- d.scan.undo(op) d.literalStore(d.data[start:d.off], v, false) } // convertNumber converts the number literal s to a float64 or a Number // depending on the setting of d.useNumber. func (d *decodeState) convertNumber(s string) (interface{}, error) { if d.useNumber { return Number(s), nil } f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64) if err != nil { return nil, &UnmarshalTypeError{"number " + s, reflect.TypeOf(0.0)} } return f, nil } var numberType = reflect.TypeOf(Number("")) // literalStore decodes a literal stored in item into v. // // fromQuoted indicates whether this literal came from unwrapping a // string from the ",string" struct tag option. this is used only to // produce more helpful error messages. func (d *decodeState) literalStore(item []byte, v reflect.Value, fromQuoted bool) { // Check for unmarshaler. if len(item) == 0 { //Empty string given d.saveError(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal %q into %v", item, v.Type())) return } wantptr := item[0] == 'n' // null u, ut, pv := d.indirect(v, wantptr) if u != nil { err := u.UnmarshalJSON(item) if err != nil { d.error(err) } return } if ut != nil { if item[0] != '"' { if fromQuoted { d.saveError(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal %q into %v", item, v.Type())) } else { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"string", v.Type()}) } } s, ok := unquoteBytes(item) if !ok { if fromQuoted { d.error(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal %q into %v", item, v.Type())) } else { d.error(errPhase) } } err := ut.UnmarshalText(s) if err != nil { d.error(err) } return } v = pv switch c := item[0]; c { case 'n': // null switch v.Kind() { case reflect.Interface, reflect.Ptr, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice: v.Set(reflect.Zero(v.Type())) // otherwise, ignore null for primitives/string } case 't', 'f': // true, false value := c == 't' switch v.Kind() { default: if fromQuoted { d.saveError(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal %q into %v", item, v.Type())) } else { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"bool", v.Type()}) } case reflect.Bool: v.SetBool(value) case reflect.Interface: if v.NumMethod() == 0 { v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(value)) } else { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"bool", v.Type()}) } } case '"': // string s, ok := unquoteBytes(item) if !ok { if fromQuoted { d.error(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal %q into %v", item, v.Type())) } else { d.error(errPhase) } } switch v.Kind() { default: d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"string", v.Type()}) case reflect.Slice: if v.Type() != byteSliceType { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"string", v.Type()}) break } b := make([]byte, base64.StdEncoding.DecodedLen(len(s))) n, err := base64.StdEncoding.Decode(b, s) if err != nil { d.saveError(err) break } v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(b[0:n])) case reflect.String: v.SetString(string(s)) case reflect.Interface: if v.NumMethod() == 0 { v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(string(s))) } else { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"string", v.Type()}) } } default: // number if c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9') { if fromQuoted { d.error(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal %q into %v", item, v.Type())) } else { d.error(errPhase) } } s := string(item) switch v.Kind() { default: if v.Kind() == reflect.String && v.Type() == numberType { v.SetString(s) break } if fromQuoted { d.error(fmt.Errorf("json: invalid use of ,string struct tag, trying to unmarshal %q into %v", item, v.Type())) } else { d.error(&UnmarshalTypeError{"number", v.Type()}) } case reflect.Interface: n, err := d.convertNumber(s) if err != nil { d.saveError(err) break } if v.NumMethod() != 0 { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"number", v.Type()}) break } v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(n)) case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64: n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64) if err != nil || v.OverflowInt(n) { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"number " + s, v.Type()}) break } v.SetInt(n) case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr: n, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 64) if err != nil || v.OverflowUint(n) { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"number " + s, v.Type()}) break } v.SetUint(n) case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64: n, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, v.Type().Bits()) if err != nil || v.OverflowFloat(n) { d.saveError(&UnmarshalTypeError{"number " + s, v.Type()}) break } v.SetFloat(n) } } } // The xxxInterface routines build up a value to be stored // in an empty interface. They are not strictly necessary, // but they avoid the weight of reflection in this common case. // valueInterface is like value but returns interface{} func (d *decodeState) valueInterface() interface{} { switch d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) { default: d.error(errPhase) panic("unreachable") case scanBeginArray: return d.arrayInterface() case scanBeginObject: return d.objectInterface() case scanBeginLiteral: return d.literalInterface() } } // arrayInterface is like array but returns []interface{}. func (d *decodeState) arrayInterface() []interface{} { var v = make([]interface{}, 0) for { // Look ahead for ] - can only happen on first iteration. op := d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndArray { break } // Back up so d.value can have the byte we just read. d.off-- d.scan.undo(op) v = append(v, d.valueInterface()) // Next token must be , or ]. op = d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndArray { break } if op != scanArrayValue { d.error(errPhase) } } return v } // objectInterface is like object but returns map[string]interface{}. func (d *decodeState) objectInterface() map[string]interface{} { m := make(map[string]interface{}) for { // Read opening " of string key or closing }. op := d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndObject { // closing } - can only happen on first iteration. break } if op != scanBeginLiteral { d.error(errPhase) } // Read string key. start := d.off - 1 op = d.scanWhile(scanContinue) item := d.data[start : d.off-1] key, ok := unquote(item) if !ok { d.error(errPhase) } // Read : before value. if op == scanSkipSpace { op = d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) } if op != scanObjectKey { d.error(errPhase) } // Read value. m[key] = d.valueInterface() // Next token must be , or }. op = d.scanWhile(scanSkipSpace) if op == scanEndObject { break } if op != scanObjectValue { d.error(errPhase) } } return m } // literalInterface is like literal but returns an interface value. func (d *decodeState) literalInterface() interface{} { // All bytes inside literal return scanContinue op code. start := d.off - 1 op := d.scanWhile(scanContinue) // Scan read one byte too far; back up. d.off-- d.scan.undo(op) item := d.data[start:d.off] switch c := item[0]; c { case 'n': // null return nil case 't', 'f': // true, false return c == 't' case '"': // string s, ok := unquote(item) if !ok { d.error(errPhase) } return s default: // number if c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9') { d.error(errPhase) } n, err := d.convertNumber(string(item)) if err != nil { d.saveError(err) } return n } } // getu4 decodes \uXXXX from the beginning of s, returning the hex value, // or it returns -1. func getu4(s []byte) rune { if len(s) < 6 || s[0] != '\\' || s[1] != 'u' { return -1 } r, err := strconv.ParseUint(string(s[2:6]), 16, 64) if err != nil { return -1 } return rune(r) } // unquote converts a quoted JSON string literal s into an actual string t. // The rules are different than for Go, so cannot use strconv.Unquote. func unquote(s []byte) (t string, ok bool) { s, ok = unquoteBytes(s) t = string(s) return } func unquoteBytes(s []byte) (t []byte, ok bool) { if len(s) < 2 || s[0] != '"' || s[len(s)-1] != '"' { return } s = s[1 : len(s)-1] // Check for unusual characters. If there are none, // then no unquoting is needed, so return a slice of the // original bytes. r := 0 for r < len(s) { c := s[r] if c == '\\' || c == '"' || c < ' ' { break } if c < utf8.RuneSelf { r++ continue } rr, size := utf8.DecodeRune(s[r:]) if rr == utf8.RuneError && size == 1 { break } r += size } if r == len(s) { return s, true } b := make([]byte, len(s)+2*utf8.UTFMax) w := copy(b, s[0:r]) for r < len(s) { // Out of room? Can only happen if s is full of // malformed UTF-8 and we're replacing each // byte with RuneError. if w >= len(b)-2*utf8.UTFMax { nb := make([]byte, (len(b)+utf8.UTFMax)*2) copy(nb, b[0:w]) b = nb } switch c := s[r]; { case c == '\\': r++ if r >= len(s) { return } switch s[r] { default: return case '"', '\\', '/', '\'': b[w] = s[r] r++ w++ case 'b': b[w] = '\b' r++ w++ case 'f': b[w] = '\f' r++ w++ case 'n': b[w] = '\n' r++ w++ case 'r': b[w] = '\r' r++ w++ case 't': b[w] = '\t' r++ w++ case 'u': r-- rr := getu4(s[r:]) if rr < 0 { return } r += 6 if utf16.IsSurrogate(rr) { rr1 := getu4(s[r:]) if dec := utf16.DecodeRune(rr, rr1); dec != unicode.ReplacementChar { // A valid pair; consume. r += 6 w += utf8.EncodeRune(b[w:], dec) break } // Invalid surrogate; fall back to replacement rune. rr = unicode.ReplacementChar } w += utf8.EncodeRune(b[w:], rr) } // Quote, control characters are invalid. case c == '"', c < ' ': return // ASCII case c < utf8.RuneSelf: b[w] = c r++ w++ // Coerce to well-formed UTF-8. default: rr, size := utf8.DecodeRune(s[r:]) r += size w += utf8.EncodeRune(b[w:], rr) } } return b[0:w], true }