// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "config.h" #ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR #include #endif #include "runtime.h" #include "arch.h" #include "defs.h" #include "go-type.h" #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK /* FIXME: These are not declared anywhere. */ extern void __splitstack_getcontext(void *context[10]); extern void __splitstack_setcontext(void *context[10]); extern void *__splitstack_makecontext(size_t, void *context[10], size_t *); extern void * __splitstack_resetcontext(void *context[10], size_t *); extern void __splitstack_releasecontext(void *context[10]); extern void *__splitstack_find(void *, void *, size_t *, void **, void **, void **); extern void __splitstack_block_signals (int *, int *); extern void __splitstack_block_signals_context (void *context[10], int *, int *); #endif #ifndef PTHREAD_STACK_MIN # define PTHREAD_STACK_MIN 8192 #endif #if defined(USING_SPLIT_STACK) && defined(LINKER_SUPPORTS_SPLIT_STACK) # define StackMin PTHREAD_STACK_MIN #else # define StackMin ((sizeof(char *) < 8) ? 2 * 1024 * 1024 : 4 * 1024 * 1024) #endif uintptr runtime_stacks_sys; void gtraceback(G*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.gtraceback"); static void gscanstack(G*); #ifdef __rtems__ #define __thread #endif static __thread G *g; #ifndef SETCONTEXT_CLOBBERS_TLS static inline void initcontext(void) { } static inline void fixcontext(__go_context_t *c __attribute__ ((unused))) { } #else # if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__sun__) // x86_64 Solaris 10 and 11 have a bug: setcontext switches the %fs // register to that of the thread which called getcontext. The effect // is that the address of all __thread variables changes. This bug // also affects pthread_self() and pthread_getspecific. We work // around it by clobbering the context field directly to keep %fs the // same. static __thread greg_t fs; static inline void initcontext(void) { ucontext_t c; getcontext(&c); fs = c.uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_FSBASE]; } static inline void fixcontext(ucontext_t* c) { c->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_FSBASE] = fs; } # elif defined(__NetBSD__) // NetBSD has a bug: setcontext clobbers tlsbase, we need to save // and restore it ourselves. static __thread __greg_t tlsbase; static inline void initcontext(void) { ucontext_t c; getcontext(&c); tlsbase = c.uc_mcontext._mc_tlsbase; } static inline void fixcontext(ucontext_t* c) { c->uc_mcontext._mc_tlsbase = tlsbase; } # elif defined(__sparc__) static inline void initcontext(void) { } static inline void fixcontext(ucontext_t *c) { /* ??? Using register unsigned long thread __asm__("%g7"); c->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_G7] = thread; results in error: variable ‘thread’ might be clobbered by \ ‘longjmp’ or ‘vfork’ [-Werror=clobbered] which ought to be false, as %g7 is a fixed register. */ if (sizeof (c->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_G7]) == 8) asm ("stx %%g7, %0" : "=m"(c->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_G7])); else asm ("st %%g7, %0" : "=m"(c->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_G7])); } # elif defined(_AIX) static inline void initcontext(void) { } static inline void fixcontext(ucontext_t* c) { // Thread pointer is in r13, per 64-bit ABI. if (sizeof (c->uc_mcontext.jmp_context.gpr[13]) == 8) asm ("std 13, %0" : "=m"(c->uc_mcontext.jmp_context.gpr[13])); } # else # error unknown case for SETCONTEXT_CLOBBERS_TLS # endif #endif // ucontext_arg returns a properly aligned ucontext_t value. On some // systems a ucontext_t value must be aligned to a 16-byte boundary. // The g structure that has fields of type ucontext_t is defined in // Go, and Go has no simple way to align a field to such a boundary. // So we make the field larger in runtime2.go and pick an appropriate // offset within the field here. static __go_context_t* ucontext_arg(uintptr_t* go_ucontext) { uintptr_t p = (uintptr_t)go_ucontext; size_t align = __alignof__(__go_context_t); if(align > 16) { // We only ensured space for up to a 16 byte alignment // in libgo/go/runtime/runtime2.go. runtime_throw("required alignment of __go_context_t too large"); } p = (p + align - 1) &~ (uintptr_t)(align - 1); return (__go_context_t*)p; } // We can not always refer to the TLS variables directly. The // compiler will call tls_get_addr to get the address of the variable, // and it may hold it in a register across a call to schedule. When // we get back from the call we may be running in a different thread, // in which case the register now points to the TLS variable for a // different thread. We use non-inlinable functions to avoid this // when necessary. G* runtime_g(void) __attribute__ ((noinline, no_split_stack)); G* runtime_g(void) { return g; } M* runtime_m(void) __attribute__ ((noinline, no_split_stack)); M* runtime_m(void) { if(g == nil) return nil; return g->m; } // Set g. void runtime_setg(G* gp) { g = gp; } void runtime_newosproc(M *) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.newosproc"); // Start a new thread. void runtime_newosproc(M *mp) { pthread_attr_t attr; sigset_t clear, old; pthread_t tid; int tries; int ret; if(pthread_attr_init(&attr) != 0) runtime_throw("pthread_attr_init"); if(pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED) != 0) runtime_throw("pthread_attr_setdetachstate"); // Block signals during pthread_create so that the new thread // starts with signals disabled. It will enable them in minit. sigfillset(&clear); #ifdef SIGTRAP // Blocking SIGTRAP reportedly breaks gdb on Alpha GNU/Linux. sigdelset(&clear, SIGTRAP); #endif sigemptyset(&old); pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &clear, &old); for (tries = 0; tries < 20; tries++) { ret = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, runtime_mstart, mp); if (ret != EAGAIN) { break; } runtime_usleep((tries + 1) * 1000); // Milliseconds. } pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old, nil); if (ret != 0) { runtime_printf("pthread_create failed: %d\n", ret); runtime_throw("pthread_create"); } if(pthread_attr_destroy(&attr) != 0) runtime_throw("pthread_attr_destroy"); } // Switch context to a different goroutine. This is like longjmp. void runtime_gogo(G*) __attribute__ ((noinline)); void runtime_gogo(G* newg) { #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_setcontext((void*)(&newg->stackcontext[0])); #endif g = newg; newg->fromgogo = true; fixcontext(ucontext_arg(&newg->context[0])); __go_setcontext(ucontext_arg(&newg->context[0])); runtime_throw("gogo setcontext returned"); } // Save context and call fn passing g as a parameter. This is like // setjmp. Because getcontext always returns 0, unlike setjmp, we use // g->fromgogo as a code. It will be true if we got here via // setcontext. g == nil the first time this is called in a new m. void runtime_mcall(FuncVal *) __attribute__ ((noinline)); void runtime_mcall(FuncVal *fv) { M *mp; G *gp; #ifndef USING_SPLIT_STACK void *afterregs; #endif // Ensure that all registers are on the stack for the garbage // collector. __builtin_unwind_init(); flush_registers_to_secondary_stack(); gp = g; mp = gp->m; if(gp == mp->g0) runtime_throw("runtime: mcall called on m->g0 stack"); if(gp != nil) { #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_getcontext((void*)(&g->stackcontext[0])); #else // We have to point to an address on the stack that is // below the saved registers. gp->gcnextsp = (uintptr)(&afterregs); gp->gcnextsp2 = (uintptr)(secondary_stack_pointer()); #endif gp->fromgogo = false; __go_getcontext(ucontext_arg(&gp->context[0])); // When we return from getcontext, we may be running // in a new thread. That means that g may have // changed. It is a global variables so we will // reload it, but the address of g may be cached in // our local stack frame, and that address may be // wrong. Call the function to reload the value for // this thread. gp = runtime_g(); mp = gp->m; if(gp->traceback != 0) gtraceback(gp); if(gp->scang != 0) gscanstack(gp); } if (gp == nil || !gp->fromgogo) { #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_setcontext((void*)(&mp->g0->stackcontext[0])); #endif mp->g0->entry = fv; mp->g0->param = gp; // It's OK to set g directly here because this case // can not occur if we got here via a setcontext to // the getcontext call just above. g = mp->g0; fixcontext(ucontext_arg(&mp->g0->context[0])); __go_setcontext(ucontext_arg(&mp->g0->context[0])); runtime_throw("runtime: mcall function returned"); } } // Goroutine scheduler // The scheduler's job is to distribute ready-to-run goroutines over worker threads. // // The main concepts are: // G - goroutine. // M - worker thread, or machine. // P - processor, a resource that is required to execute Go code. // M must have an associated P to execute Go code, however it can be // blocked or in a syscall w/o an associated P. // // Design doc at http://golang.org/s/go11sched. extern G* allocg(void) __asm__ (GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.allocg"); bool runtime_isarchive; extern void kickoff(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.kickoff"); extern void minit(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.minit"); extern void mstart1() __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.mstart1"); extern void stopm(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.stopm"); extern void mexit(bool) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.mexit"); extern void handoffp(P*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.handoffp"); extern void wakep(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.wakep"); extern void stoplockedm(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.stoplockedm"); extern void schedule(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.schedule"); extern void execute(G*, bool) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.execute"); extern void reentersyscall(uintptr, uintptr) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.reentersyscall"); extern void reentersyscallblock(uintptr, uintptr) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.reentersyscallblock"); extern G* gfget(P*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.gfget"); extern void acquirep(P*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.acquirep"); extern P* releasep(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.releasep"); extern void incidlelocked(int32) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.incidlelocked"); extern void globrunqput(G*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.globrunqput"); extern P* pidleget(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.pidleget"); extern struct mstats* getMemstats(void) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.getMemstats"); bool runtime_isstarted; // Used to determine the field alignment. struct field_align { char c; Hchan *p; }; void getTraceback(G*, G*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.getTraceback"); // getTraceback stores a traceback of gp in the g's traceback field // and then returns to me. We expect that gp's traceback is not nil. // It works by saving me's current context, and checking gp's traceback field. // If gp's traceback field is not nil, it starts running gp. // In places where we call getcontext, we check the traceback field. // If it is not nil, we collect a traceback, and then return to the // goroutine stored in the traceback field, which is me. void getTraceback(G* me, G* gp) { M* holdm; holdm = gp->m; gp->m = me->m; #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_getcontext((void*)(&me->stackcontext[0])); #endif __go_getcontext(ucontext_arg(&me->context[0])); if (gp->traceback != 0) { runtime_gogo(gp); } gp->m = holdm; } // Do a stack trace of gp, and then restore the context to // gp->traceback->gp. void gtraceback(G* gp) { Traceback* traceback; traceback = (Traceback*)gp->traceback; gp->traceback = 0; traceback->c = runtime_callers(1, traceback->locbuf, sizeof traceback->locbuf / sizeof traceback->locbuf[0], false); runtime_gogo(traceback->gp); } void doscanstackswitch(G*, G*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.doscanstackswitch"); // Switch to gp and let it scan its stack. // The first time gp->scang is set (to me). The second time here // gp is done scanning, and has unset gp->scang, so we just return. void doscanstackswitch(G* me, G* gp) { M* holdm; __go_assert(me->entry == nil); me->fromgogo = false; holdm = gp->m; gp->m = me->m; #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_getcontext((void*)(&me->stackcontext[0])); #endif __go_getcontext(ucontext_arg(&me->context[0])); if(me->entry != nil) { // Got here from mcall. // The stack scanning code may call systemstack, which calls // mcall, which calls setcontext. // Run the function, which at the end will switch back to gp. FuncVal *fv = me->entry; void (*pfn)(G*) = (void (*)(G*))fv->fn; G* gp1 = (G*)me->param; __go_assert(gp1 == gp); me->entry = nil; me->param = nil; __builtin_call_with_static_chain(pfn(gp1), fv); abort(); } if (gp->scang != 0) runtime_gogo(gp); gp->m = holdm; } // Do a stack scan, then switch back to the g that triggers this scan. // We come here from doscanstackswitch. static void gscanstack(G *gp) { G *oldg, *oldcurg; oldg = (G*)gp->scang; oldcurg = oldg->m->curg; oldg->m->curg = gp; gp->scang = 0; doscanstack(gp, (void*)gp->scangcw); gp->scangcw = 0; oldg->m->curg = oldcurg; runtime_gogo(oldg); } // Called by pthread_create to start an M. void* runtime_mstart(void *arg) { M* mp; G* gp; mp = (M*)(arg); gp = mp->g0; gp->m = mp; g = gp; gp->entry = nil; gp->param = nil; // We have to call minit before we call getcontext, // because getcontext will copy the signal mask. minit(); initcontext(); // Record top of stack for use by mcall. // Once we call schedule we're never coming back, // so other calls can reuse this stack space. #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_getcontext((void*)(&gp->stackcontext[0])); #else gp->gcinitialsp = &arg; // Setting gcstacksize to 0 is a marker meaning that gcinitialsp // is the top of the stack, not the bottom. gp->gcstacksize = 0; gp->gcnextsp = (uintptr)(&arg); gp->gcinitialsp2 = secondary_stack_pointer(); gp->gcnextsp2 = (uintptr)(gp->gcinitialsp2); #endif // Save the currently active context. This will return // multiple times via the setcontext call in mcall. __go_getcontext(ucontext_arg(&gp->context[0])); if(gp->traceback != 0) { // Got here from getTraceback. // I'm not sure this ever actually happens--getTraceback // may always go to the getcontext call in mcall. gtraceback(gp); } if(gp->scang != 0) // Got here from doscanswitch. Should not happen. runtime_throw("mstart with scang"); if(gp->entry != nil) { // Got here from mcall. FuncVal *fv = gp->entry; void (*pfn)(G*) = (void (*)(G*))fv->fn; G* gp1 = (G*)gp->param; gp->entry = nil; gp->param = nil; __builtin_call_with_static_chain(pfn(gp1), fv); *(int*)0x21 = 0x21; } if(mp->exiting) { mexit(true); return nil; } // Initial call to getcontext--starting thread. #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK { int dont_block_signals = 0; __splitstack_block_signals(&dont_block_signals, nil); } #endif mstart1(); // mstart1 does not return, but we need a return statement // here to avoid a compiler warning. return nil; } typedef struct CgoThreadStart CgoThreadStart; struct CgoThreadStart { M *m; G *g; uintptr *tls; void (*fn)(void); }; void setGContext(void) __asm__ (GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.setGContext"); // setGContext sets up a new goroutine context for the current g. void setGContext(void) { int val; G *gp; initcontext(); gp = g; gp->entry = nil; gp->param = nil; #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_getcontext((void*)(&gp->stackcontext[0])); val = 0; __splitstack_block_signals(&val, nil); #else gp->gcinitialsp = &val; gp->gcstack = 0; gp->gcstacksize = 0; gp->gcnextsp = (uintptr)(&val); gp->gcinitialsp2 = secondary_stack_pointer(); gp->gcnextsp2 = (uintptr)(gp->gcinitialsp2); #endif __go_getcontext(ucontext_arg(&gp->context[0])); if(gp->entry != nil) { // Got here from mcall. FuncVal *fv = gp->entry; void (*pfn)(G*) = (void (*)(G*))fv->fn; G* gp1 = (G*)gp->param; gp->entry = nil; gp->param = nil; __builtin_call_with_static_chain(pfn(gp1), fv); *(int*)0x22 = 0x22; } } void makeGContext(G*, byte*, uintptr) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.makeGContext"); // makeGContext makes a new context for a g. void makeGContext(G* gp, byte* sp, uintptr spsize) { __go_context_t *uc; uc = ucontext_arg(&gp->context[0]); __go_getcontext(uc); __go_makecontext(uc, kickoff, sp, (size_t)spsize); } // The goroutine g is about to enter a system call. // Record that it's not using the cpu anymore. // This is called only from the go syscall library and cgocall, // not from the low-level system calls used by the runtime. // // Entersyscall cannot split the stack: the runtime_gosave must // make g->sched refer to the caller's stack segment, because // entersyscall is going to return immediately after. void runtime_entersyscall() __attribute__ ((no_split_stack)); static void doentersyscall(uintptr, uintptr) __attribute__ ((no_split_stack, noinline)); void runtime_entersyscall() { // Save the registers in the g structure so that any pointers // held in registers will be seen by the garbage collector. if (!runtime_usestackmaps) __go_getcontext(ucontext_arg(&g->gcregs[0])); // Note that if this function does save any registers itself, // we might store the wrong value in the call to getcontext. // FIXME: This assumes that we do not need to save any // callee-saved registers to access the TLS variable g. We // don't want to put the ucontext_t on the stack because it is // large and we can not split the stack here. doentersyscall((uintptr)runtime_getcallerpc(), (uintptr)runtime_getcallersp()); } static void doentersyscall(uintptr pc, uintptr sp) { // Leave SP around for GC and traceback. #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK { size_t gcstacksize; g->gcstack = (uintptr)(__splitstack_find(nil, nil, &gcstacksize, (void**)(&g->gcnextsegment), (void**)(&g->gcnextsp), &g->gcinitialsp)); g->gcstacksize = (uintptr)gcstacksize; } #else { void *v; g->gcnextsp = (uintptr)(&v); g->gcnextsp2 = (uintptr)(secondary_stack_pointer()); } #endif reentersyscall(pc, sp); } static void doentersyscallblock(uintptr, uintptr) __attribute__ ((no_split_stack, noinline)); // The same as runtime_entersyscall(), but with a hint that the syscall is blocking. void runtime_entersyscallblock() { // Save the registers in the g structure so that any pointers // held in registers will be seen by the garbage collector. if (!runtime_usestackmaps) __go_getcontext(ucontext_arg(&g->gcregs[0])); // See comment in runtime_entersyscall. doentersyscallblock((uintptr)runtime_getcallerpc(), (uintptr)runtime_getcallersp()); } static void doentersyscallblock(uintptr pc, uintptr sp) { // Leave SP around for GC and traceback. #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK { size_t gcstacksize; g->gcstack = (uintptr)(__splitstack_find(nil, nil, &gcstacksize, (void**)(&g->gcnextsegment), (void**)(&g->gcnextsp), &g->gcinitialsp)); g->gcstacksize = (uintptr)gcstacksize; } #else { void *v; g->gcnextsp = (uintptr)(&v); g->gcnextsp2 = (uintptr)(secondary_stack_pointer()); } #endif reentersyscallblock(pc, sp); } // Allocate a new g, with a stack big enough for stacksize bytes. G* runtime_malg(bool allocatestack, bool signalstack, byte** ret_stack, uintptr* ret_stacksize) { uintptr stacksize; G *newg; byte* unused_stack; uintptr unused_stacksize; #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK int dont_block_signals = 0; size_t ss_stacksize; #endif if (ret_stack == nil) { ret_stack = &unused_stack; } if (ret_stacksize == nil) { ret_stacksize = &unused_stacksize; } newg = allocg(); if(allocatestack) { stacksize = StackMin; if(signalstack) { stacksize = 32 * 1024; // OS X wants >= 8K, GNU/Linux >= 2K #ifdef SIGSTKSZ if(stacksize < SIGSTKSZ) stacksize = SIGSTKSZ; #endif } #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK *ret_stack = __splitstack_makecontext(stacksize, (void*)(&newg->stackcontext[0]), &ss_stacksize); *ret_stacksize = (uintptr)ss_stacksize; __splitstack_block_signals_context((void*)(&newg->stackcontext[0]), &dont_block_signals, nil); #else // In 64-bit mode, the maximum Go allocation space is // 128G. Our stack size is 4M, which only permits 32K // goroutines. In order to not limit ourselves, // allocate the stacks out of separate memory. In // 32-bit mode, the Go allocation space is all of // memory anyhow. if(sizeof(void*) == 8) { void *p = runtime_sysAlloc(stacksize, &getMemstats()->stacks_sys); if(p == nil) runtime_throw("runtime: cannot allocate memory for goroutine stack"); *ret_stack = (byte*)p; } else { *ret_stack = runtime_mallocgc(stacksize, nil, false); runtime_xadd(&runtime_stacks_sys, stacksize); } *ret_stacksize = (uintptr)stacksize; newg->gcinitialsp = *ret_stack; newg->gcstacksize = (uintptr)stacksize; newg->gcinitialsp2 = initial_secondary_stack_pointer(*ret_stack); #endif } return newg; } void stackfree(G*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.stackfree"); // stackfree frees the stack of a g. void stackfree(G* gp) { #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK __splitstack_releasecontext((void*)(&gp->stackcontext[0])); #else // If gcstacksize is 0, the stack is allocated by libc and will be // released when the thread exits. Otherwise, in 64-bit mode it was // allocated using sysAlloc and in 32-bit mode it was allocated // using garbage collected memory. if (gp->gcstacksize != 0) { if (sizeof(void*) == 8) { runtime_sysFree(gp->gcinitialsp, gp->gcstacksize, &getMemstats()->stacks_sys); } gp->gcinitialsp = nil; gp->gcstacksize = 0; } #endif } void resetNewG(G*, void **, uintptr*) __asm__(GOSYM_PREFIX "runtime.resetNewG"); // Reset stack information for g pulled out of the cache to start a // new goroutine. void resetNewG(G *newg, void **sp, uintptr *spsize) { #ifdef USING_SPLIT_STACK int dont_block_signals = 0; size_t ss_spsize; *sp = __splitstack_resetcontext((void*)(&newg->stackcontext[0]), &ss_spsize); *spsize = ss_spsize; __splitstack_block_signals_context((void*)(&newg->stackcontext[0]), &dont_block_signals, nil); #else *sp = newg->gcinitialsp; *spsize = newg->gcstacksize; if(*spsize == 0) runtime_throw("bad spsize in resetNewG"); newg->gcnextsp = (uintptr)(*sp); newg->gcnextsp2 = (uintptr)(newg->gcinitialsp2); #endif }