c784f16204
* doc/xml/faq.xml: Fix grammar. * doc/xml/manual/appendix_contributing.xml: Improve instructions. * doc/xml/manual/spine.xml: Update copyright years. * doc/html/*: Regenerate.
619 lines
26 KiB
HTML
619 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Coding Style</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_contributing.html" title="Appendix A. Contributing" /><link rel="prev" href="source_organization.html" title="Directory Layout and Source Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="source_design_notes.html" title="Design Notes" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Coding Style</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="source_organization.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix A.
|
||
Contributing
|
||
|
||
</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="source_design_notes.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="contrib.coding_style"></a>Coding Style</h2></div></div></div><p>
|
||
</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="coding_style.bad_identifiers"></a>Bad Identifiers</h3></div></div></div><p>
|
||
Identifiers that conflict and should be avoided.
|
||
</p><div class="literallayout"><p><br />
|
||
This is the list of names <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">reserved to the<br />
|
||
implementation</span>”</span> that have been claimed by certain<br />
|
||
compilers and system headers of interest, and should not be used<br />
|
||
in the library. It will grow, of course. We generally are<br />
|
||
interested in names that are not all-caps, except for those like<br />
|
||
"_T"<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
For Solaris:<br />
|
||
_B<br />
|
||
_C<br />
|
||
_L<br />
|
||
_N<br />
|
||
_P<br />
|
||
_S<br />
|
||
_U<br />
|
||
_X<br />
|
||
_E1<br />
|
||
..<br />
|
||
_E24<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Irix adds:<br />
|
||
_A<br />
|
||
_G<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
MS adds:<br />
|
||
_T<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
BSD adds:<br />
|
||
__used<br />
|
||
__unused<br />
|
||
__inline<br />
|
||
_Complex<br />
|
||
__istype<br />
|
||
__maskrune<br />
|
||
__tolower<br />
|
||
__toupper<br />
|
||
__wchar_t<br />
|
||
__wint_t<br />
|
||
_res<br />
|
||
_res_ext<br />
|
||
__tg_*<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
VxWorks adds:<br />
|
||
_C2<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
For GCC:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
[Note that this list is out of date. It applies to the old<br />
|
||
name-mangling; in G++ 3.0 and higher a different name-mangling is<br />
|
||
used. In addition, many of the bugs relating to G++ interpreting<br />
|
||
these names as operators have been fixed.]<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
The full set of __* identifiers (combined from gcc/cp/lex.c and<br />
|
||
gcc/cplus-dem.c) that are either old or new, but are definitely<br />
|
||
recognized by the demangler, is:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
__aa<br />
|
||
__aad<br />
|
||
__ad<br />
|
||
__addr<br />
|
||
__adv<br />
|
||
__aer<br />
|
||
__als<br />
|
||
__alshift<br />
|
||
__amd<br />
|
||
__ami<br />
|
||
__aml<br />
|
||
__amu<br />
|
||
__aor<br />
|
||
__apl<br />
|
||
__array<br />
|
||
__ars<br />
|
||
__arshift<br />
|
||
__as<br />
|
||
__bit_and<br />
|
||
__bit_ior<br />
|
||
__bit_not<br />
|
||
__bit_xor<br />
|
||
__call<br />
|
||
__cl<br />
|
||
__cm<br />
|
||
__cn<br />
|
||
__co<br />
|
||
__component<br />
|
||
__compound<br />
|
||
__cond<br />
|
||
__convert<br />
|
||
__delete<br />
|
||
__dl<br />
|
||
__dv<br />
|
||
__eq<br />
|
||
__er<br />
|
||
__ge<br />
|
||
__gt<br />
|
||
__indirect<br />
|
||
__le<br />
|
||
__ls<br />
|
||
__lt<br />
|
||
__max<br />
|
||
__md<br />
|
||
__method_call<br />
|
||
__mi<br />
|
||
__min<br />
|
||
__minus<br />
|
||
__ml<br />
|
||
__mm<br />
|
||
__mn<br />
|
||
__mult<br />
|
||
__mx<br />
|
||
__ne<br />
|
||
__negate<br />
|
||
__new<br />
|
||
__nop<br />
|
||
__nt<br />
|
||
__nw<br />
|
||
__oo<br />
|
||
__op<br />
|
||
__or<br />
|
||
__pl<br />
|
||
__plus<br />
|
||
__postdecrement<br />
|
||
__postincrement<br />
|
||
__pp<br />
|
||
__pt<br />
|
||
__rf<br />
|
||
__rm<br />
|
||
__rs<br />
|
||
__sz<br />
|
||
__trunc_div<br />
|
||
__trunc_mod<br />
|
||
__truth_andif<br />
|
||
__truth_not<br />
|
||
__truth_orif<br />
|
||
__vc<br />
|
||
__vd<br />
|
||
__vn<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
SGI badnames:<br />
|
||
__builtin_alloca<br />
|
||
__builtin_fsqrt<br />
|
||
__builtin_sqrt<br />
|
||
__builtin_fabs<br />
|
||
__builtin_dabs<br />
|
||
__builtin_cast_f2i<br />
|
||
__builtin_cast_i2f<br />
|
||
__builtin_cast_d2ll<br />
|
||
__builtin_cast_ll2d<br />
|
||
__builtin_copy_dhi2i<br />
|
||
__builtin_copy_i2dhi<br />
|
||
__builtin_copy_dlo2i<br />
|
||
__builtin_copy_i2dlo<br />
|
||
__add_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__sub_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__or_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__xor_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__and_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__nand_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__mpy_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__min_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__max_and_fetch<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_add<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_sub<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_or<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_xor<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_and<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_nand<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_mpy<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_min<br />
|
||
__fetch_and_max<br />
|
||
__lock_test_and_set<br />
|
||
__lock_release<br />
|
||
__lock_acquire<br />
|
||
__compare_and_swap<br />
|
||
__synchronize<br />
|
||
__high_multiply<br />
|
||
__unix<br />
|
||
__sgi<br />
|
||
__linux__<br />
|
||
__i386__<br />
|
||
__i486__<br />
|
||
__cplusplus<br />
|
||
__embedded_cplusplus<br />
|
||
// long double conversion members mangled as __opr<br />
|
||
// http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/1999-q4/msg00060.html<br />
|
||
__opr<br />
|
||
</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="coding_style.example"></a>By Example</h3></div></div></div><div class="literallayout"><p><br />
|
||
This library is written to appropriate C++ coding standards. As such,<br />
|
||
it is intended to precede the recommendations of the GNU Coding<br />
|
||
Standard, which can be referenced in full here:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<a class="link" href="http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Formatting" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Formatting</a><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
The rest of this is also interesting reading, but skip the "Design<br />
|
||
Advice" part.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
The GCC coding conventions are here, and are also useful:<br />
|
||
<a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/codingconventions.html" target="_top">http://gcc.gnu.org/codingconventions.html</a><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
In addition, because it doesn't seem to be stated explicitly anywhere<br />
|
||
else, there is an 80 column source limit.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="filename">ChangeLog</code> entries for member functions should use the<br />
|
||
classname::member function name syntax as follows:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
1999-04-15 Dennis Ritchie <dr@att.com><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
* src/basic_file.cc (__basic_file::open): Fix thinko in<br />
|
||
_G_HAVE_IO_FILE_OPEN bits.<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Notable areas of divergence from what may be previous local practice<br />
|
||
(particularly for GNU C) include:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
01. Pointers and references<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
char* p = "flop";<br />
|
||
char& c = *p;<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
char *p = "flop"; // wrong<br />
|
||
char &c = *p; // wrong<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Reason: In C++, definitions are mixed with executable code. Here,<br />
|
||
<code class="code">p</code> is being initialized, not <code class="code">*p</code>. This is near-universal<br />
|
||
practice among C++ programmers; it is normal for C hackers<br />
|
||
to switch spontaneously as they gain experience.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
02. Operator names and parentheses<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
operator==(type)<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
operator == (type) // wrong<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Reason: The <code class="code">==</code> is part of the function name. Separating<br />
|
||
it makes the declaration look like an expression.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
03. Function names and parentheses<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
void mangle()<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
void mangle () // wrong<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Reason: no space before parentheses (except after a control-flow<br />
|
||
keyword) is near-universal practice for C++. It identifies the<br />
|
||
parentheses as the function-call operator or declarator, as<br />
|
||
opposed to an expression or other overloaded use of parentheses.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
04. Template function indentation<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
template<typename T><br />
|
||
void<br />
|
||
template_function(args)<br />
|
||
{ }<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
template<class T><br />
|
||
void template_function(args) {};<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Reason: In class definitions, without indentation whitespace is<br />
|
||
needed both above and below the declaration to distinguish<br />
|
||
it visually from other members. (Also, re: "typename"<br />
|
||
rather than "class".) <code class="code">T</code> often could be <code class="code">int</code>, which is<br />
|
||
not a class. ("class", here, is an anachronism.)<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
05. Template class indentation<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits><br />
|
||
class basic_ios : public ios_base<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
public:<br />
|
||
// Types:<br />
|
||
};<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
template<class _CharT, class _Traits><br />
|
||
class basic_ios : public ios_base<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
public:<br />
|
||
// Types:<br />
|
||
};<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
template<class _CharT, class _Traits><br />
|
||
class basic_ios : public ios_base<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
public:<br />
|
||
// Types:<br />
|
||
};<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
06. Enumerators<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
enum<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
space = _ISspace,<br />
|
||
print = _ISprint,<br />
|
||
cntrl = _IScntrl<br />
|
||
};<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
enum { space = _ISspace, print = _ISprint, cntrl = _IScntrl };<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
07. Member initialization lists<br />
|
||
All one line, separate from class name.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
gribble::gribble()<br />
|
||
: _M_private_data(0), _M_more_stuff(0), _M_helper(0)<br />
|
||
{ }<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
gribble::gribble() : _M_private_data(0), _M_more_stuff(0), _M_helper(0)<br />
|
||
{ }<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
08. Try/Catch blocks<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
try<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
//<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
catch (...)<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
//<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
try {<br />
|
||
//<br />
|
||
} catch(...) {<br />
|
||
//<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
09. Member functions declarations and definitions<br />
|
||
Keywords such as extern, static, export, explicit, inline, etc<br />
|
||
go on the line above the function name. Thus<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
virtual int<br />
|
||
foo()<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
virtual int foo()<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Reason: GNU coding conventions dictate return types for functions<br />
|
||
are on a separate line than the function name and parameter list<br />
|
||
for definitions. For C++, where we have member functions that can<br />
|
||
be either inline definitions or declarations, keeping to this<br />
|
||
standard allows all member function names for a given class to be<br />
|
||
aligned to the same margin, increasing readability.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
10. Invocation of member functions with "this->"<br />
|
||
For non-uglified names, use <code class="code">this->name</code> to call the function.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
this->sync()<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
sync()<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Reason: Koenig lookup.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
11. Namespaces<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
namespace std<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
blah blah blah;<br />
|
||
} // namespace std<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
namespace std {<br />
|
||
blah blah blah;<br />
|
||
} // namespace std<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
12. Spacing under protected and private in class declarations:<br />
|
||
space above, none below<br />
|
||
i.e.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
public:<br />
|
||
int foo;<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
public:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
int foo;<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
13. Spacing WRT return statements.<br />
|
||
no extra spacing before returns, no parenthesis<br />
|
||
i.e.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
return __ret;<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
return __ret;<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
-NOT-<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
return (__ret);<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
14. Location of global variables.<br />
|
||
All global variables of class type, whether in the "user visible"<br />
|
||
space (e.g., <code class="code">cin</code>) or the implementation namespace, must be defined<br />
|
||
as a character array with the appropriate alignment and then later<br />
|
||
re-initialized to the correct value.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
This is due to startup issues on certain platforms, such as AIX.<br />
|
||
For more explanation and examples, see <code class="filename">src/globals.cc</code>. All such<br />
|
||
variables should be contained in that file, for simplicity.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
15. Exception abstractions<br />
|
||
Use the exception abstractions found in <code class="filename">functexcept.h</code>, which allow<br />
|
||
C++ programmers to use this library with <code class="literal">-fno-exceptions</code>. (Even if<br />
|
||
that is rarely advisable, it's a necessary evil for backwards<br />
|
||
compatibility.)<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
16. Exception error messages<br />
|
||
All start with the name of the function where the exception is<br />
|
||
thrown, and then (optional) descriptive text is added. Example:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
__throw_logic_error(__N("basic_string::_S_construct NULL not valid"));<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Reason: The verbose terminate handler prints out <code class="code">exception::what()</code>,<br />
|
||
as well as the typeinfo for the thrown exception. As this is the<br />
|
||
default terminate handler, by putting location info into the<br />
|
||
exception string, a very useful error message is printed out for<br />
|
||
uncaught exceptions. So useful, in fact, that non-programmers can<br />
|
||
give useful error messages, and programmers can intelligently<br />
|
||
speculate what went wrong without even using a debugger.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
17. The doxygen style guide to comments is a separate document,<br />
|
||
see index.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
The library currently has a mixture of GNU-C and modern C++ coding<br />
|
||
styles. The GNU C usages will be combed out gradually.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Name patterns:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
For nonstandard names appearing in Standard headers, we are constrained<br />
|
||
to use names that begin with underscores. This is called "uglification".<br />
|
||
The convention is:<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Local and argument names: <code class="literal">__[a-z].*</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Examples: <code class="code">__count __ix __s1</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Type names and template formal-argument names: <code class="literal">_[A-Z][^_].*</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Examples: <code class="code">_Helper _CharT _N</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Member data and function names: <code class="literal">_M_.*</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Examples: <code class="code">_M_num_elements _M_initialize ()</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Static data members, constants, and enumerations: <code class="literal">_S_.*</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Examples: <code class="code">_S_max_elements _S_default_value</code><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Don't use names in the same scope that differ only in the prefix,<br />
|
||
e.g. _S_top and _M_top. See <a class="link" href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers" title="Bad Identifiers">BADNAMES</a> for a list of forbidden names.<br />
|
||
(The most tempting of these seem to be and "_T" and "__sz".)<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
Names must never have "__" internally; it would confuse name<br />
|
||
unmanglers on some targets. Also, never use "__[0-9]", same reason.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
--------------------------<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
[BY EXAMPLE]<br />
|
||
<code class="code"><br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
#ifndef _HEADER_<br />
|
||
#define _HEADER_ 1<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
namespace std<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
class gribble<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
public:<br />
|
||
gribble() throw();<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
gribble(const gribble&);<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
explicit<br />
|
||
gribble(int __howmany);<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
gribble&<br />
|
||
operator=(const gribble&);<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
virtual<br />
|
||
~gribble() throw ();<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// Start with a capital letter, end with a period.<br />
|
||
inline void<br />
|
||
public_member(const char* __arg) const;<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// In-class function definitions should be restricted to one-liners.<br />
|
||
int<br />
|
||
one_line() { return 0 }<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
int<br />
|
||
two_lines(const char* arg)<br />
|
||
{ return strchr(arg, 'a'); }<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
inline int<br />
|
||
three_lines(); // inline, but defined below.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// Note indentation.<br />
|
||
template<typename _Formal_argument><br />
|
||
void<br />
|
||
public_template() const throw();<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
template<typename _Iterator><br />
|
||
void<br />
|
||
other_template();<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
private:<br />
|
||
class _Helper;<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
int _M_private_data;<br />
|
||
int _M_more_stuff;<br />
|
||
_Helper* _M_helper;<br />
|
||
int _M_private_function();<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
enum _Enum<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
_S_one,<br />
|
||
_S_two<br />
|
||
};<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
static void<br />
|
||
_S_initialize_library();<br />
|
||
};<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// More-or-less-standard language features described by lack, not presence.<br />
|
||
# ifndef _G_NO_LONGLONG<br />
|
||
extern long long _G_global_with_a_good_long_name; // avoid globals!<br />
|
||
# endif<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// Avoid in-class inline definitions, define separately;<br />
|
||
// likewise for member class definitions:<br />
|
||
inline int<br />
|
||
gribble::public_member() const<br />
|
||
{ int __local = 0; return __local; }<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
class gribble::_Helper<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
int _M_stuff;<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
friend class gribble;<br />
|
||
};<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// Names beginning with "__": only for arguments and<br />
|
||
// local variables; never use "__" in a type name, or<br />
|
||
// within any name; never use "__[0-9]".<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
#endif /* _HEADER_ */<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
namespace std<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
template<typename T> // notice: "typename", not "class", no space<br />
|
||
long_return_value_type<with_many, args><br />
|
||
function_name(char* pointer, // "char *pointer" is wrong.<br />
|
||
char* argument,<br />
|
||
const Reference& ref)<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
// int a_local; /* wrong; see below. */<br />
|
||
if (test)<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
nested code<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
int a_local = 0; // declare variable at first use.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// char a, b, *p; /* wrong */<br />
|
||
char a = 'a';<br />
|
||
char b = a + 1;<br />
|
||
char* c = "abc"; // each variable goes on its own line, always.<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
// except maybe here...<br />
|
||
for (unsigned i = 0, mask = 1; mask; ++i, mask <<= 1) {<br />
|
||
// ...<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
gribble::gribble()<br />
|
||
: _M_private_data(0), _M_more_stuff(0), _M_helper(0)<br />
|
||
{ }<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
int<br />
|
||
gribble::three_lines()<br />
|
||
{<br />
|
||
// doesn't fit in one line.<br />
|
||
}<br />
|
||
} // namespace std<br />
|
||
</code><br />
|
||
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