615 lines
15 KiB
Go
615 lines
15 KiB
Go
// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
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// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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// Semaphore implementation exposed to Go.
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// Intended use is provide a sleep and wakeup
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// primitive that can be used in the contended case
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// of other synchronization primitives.
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// Thus it targets the same goal as Linux's futex,
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// but it has much simpler semantics.
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//
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// That is, don't think of these as semaphores.
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// Think of them as a way to implement sleep and wakeup
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// such that every sleep is paired with a single wakeup,
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// even if, due to races, the wakeup happens before the sleep.
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//
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// See Mullender and Cox, ``Semaphores in Plan 9,''
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// http://swtch.com/semaphore.pdf
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package runtime
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import (
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"runtime/internal/atomic"
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"runtime/internal/sys"
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"unsafe"
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)
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// Asynchronous semaphore for sync.Mutex.
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// A semaRoot holds a balanced tree of sudog with distinct addresses (s.elem).
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// Each of those sudog may in turn point (through s.waitlink) to a list
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// of other sudogs waiting on the same address.
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// The operations on the inner lists of sudogs with the same address
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// are all O(1). The scanning of the top-level semaRoot list is O(log n),
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// where n is the number of distinct addresses with goroutines blocked
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// on them that hash to the given semaRoot.
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// See golang.org/issue/17953 for a program that worked badly
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// before we introduced the second level of list, and test/locklinear.go
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// for a test that exercises this.
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type semaRoot struct {
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lock mutex
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treap *sudog // root of balanced tree of unique waiters.
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nwait uint32 // Number of waiters. Read w/o the lock.
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}
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// Prime to not correlate with any user patterns.
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const semTabSize = 251
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var semtable [semTabSize]struct {
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root semaRoot
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pad [sys.CacheLineSize - unsafe.Sizeof(semaRoot{})]byte
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}
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//go:linkname sync_runtime_Semacquire sync.runtime_Semacquire
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func sync_runtime_Semacquire(addr *uint32) {
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semacquire1(addr, false, semaBlockProfile)
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}
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//go:linkname poll_runtime_Semacquire internal_poll.runtime_Semacquire
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func poll_runtime_Semacquire(addr *uint32) {
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semacquire1(addr, false, semaBlockProfile)
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}
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//go:linkname sync_runtime_Semrelease sync.runtime_Semrelease
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func sync_runtime_Semrelease(addr *uint32, handoff bool) {
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semrelease1(addr, handoff)
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}
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//go:linkname sync_runtime_SemacquireMutex sync.runtime_SemacquireMutex
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func sync_runtime_SemacquireMutex(addr *uint32, lifo bool) {
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semacquire1(addr, lifo, semaBlockProfile|semaMutexProfile)
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}
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//go:linkname poll_runtime_Semrelease internal_poll.runtime_Semrelease
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func poll_runtime_Semrelease(addr *uint32) {
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semrelease(addr)
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}
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func readyWithTime(s *sudog, traceskip int) {
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if s.releasetime != 0 {
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s.releasetime = cputicks()
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}
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goready(s.g, traceskip)
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}
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type semaProfileFlags int
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const (
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semaBlockProfile semaProfileFlags = 1 << iota
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semaMutexProfile
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)
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// Called from runtime.
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func semacquire(addr *uint32) {
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semacquire1(addr, false, 0)
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}
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func semacquire1(addr *uint32, lifo bool, profile semaProfileFlags) {
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gp := getg()
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if gp != gp.m.curg {
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throw("semacquire not on the G stack")
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}
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// Easy case.
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if cansemacquire(addr) {
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return
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}
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// Harder case:
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// increment waiter count
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// try cansemacquire one more time, return if succeeded
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// enqueue itself as a waiter
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// sleep
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// (waiter descriptor is dequeued by signaler)
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s := acquireSudog()
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root := semroot(addr)
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t0 := int64(0)
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s.releasetime = 0
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s.acquiretime = 0
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s.ticket = 0
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if profile&semaBlockProfile != 0 && blockprofilerate > 0 {
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t0 = cputicks()
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s.releasetime = -1
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}
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if profile&semaMutexProfile != 0 && mutexprofilerate > 0 {
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if t0 == 0 {
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t0 = cputicks()
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}
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s.acquiretime = t0
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}
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for {
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lock(&root.lock)
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// Add ourselves to nwait to disable "easy case" in semrelease.
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atomic.Xadd(&root.nwait, 1)
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// Check cansemacquire to avoid missed wakeup.
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if cansemacquire(addr) {
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atomic.Xadd(&root.nwait, -1)
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unlock(&root.lock)
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break
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}
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// Any semrelease after the cansemacquire knows we're waiting
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// (we set nwait above), so go to sleep.
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root.queue(addr, s, lifo)
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goparkunlock(&root.lock, "semacquire", traceEvGoBlockSync, 4)
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if s.ticket != 0 || cansemacquire(addr) {
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break
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}
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}
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if s.releasetime > 0 {
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blockevent(s.releasetime-t0, 3)
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}
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releaseSudog(s)
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}
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func semrelease(addr *uint32) {
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semrelease1(addr, false)
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}
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func semrelease1(addr *uint32, handoff bool) {
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root := semroot(addr)
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atomic.Xadd(addr, 1)
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// Easy case: no waiters?
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// This check must happen after the xadd, to avoid a missed wakeup
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// (see loop in semacquire).
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if atomic.Load(&root.nwait) == 0 {
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return
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}
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// Harder case: search for a waiter and wake it.
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lock(&root.lock)
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if atomic.Load(&root.nwait) == 0 {
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// The count is already consumed by another goroutine,
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// so no need to wake up another goroutine.
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unlock(&root.lock)
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return
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}
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s, t0 := root.dequeue(addr)
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if s != nil {
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atomic.Xadd(&root.nwait, -1)
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}
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unlock(&root.lock)
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if s != nil { // May be slow, so unlock first
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acquiretime := s.acquiretime
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if acquiretime != 0 {
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mutexevent(t0-acquiretime, 3)
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}
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if s.ticket != 0 {
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throw("corrupted semaphore ticket")
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}
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if handoff && cansemacquire(addr) {
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s.ticket = 1
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}
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readyWithTime(s, 5)
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}
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}
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func semroot(addr *uint32) *semaRoot {
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return &semtable[(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(addr))>>3)%semTabSize].root
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}
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func cansemacquire(addr *uint32) bool {
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for {
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v := atomic.Load(addr)
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if v == 0 {
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return false
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}
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if atomic.Cas(addr, v, v-1) {
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return true
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}
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}
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}
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// queue adds s to the blocked goroutines in semaRoot.
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func (root *semaRoot) queue(addr *uint32, s *sudog, lifo bool) {
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s.g = getg()
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s.elem = unsafe.Pointer(addr)
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s.next = nil
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s.prev = nil
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var last *sudog
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pt := &root.treap
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for t := *pt; t != nil; t = *pt {
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if t.elem == unsafe.Pointer(addr) {
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// Already have addr in list.
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if lifo {
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// Substitute s in t's place in treap.
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*pt = s
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s.ticket = t.ticket
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s.acquiretime = t.acquiretime
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s.parent = t.parent
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s.prev = t.prev
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s.next = t.next
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if s.prev != nil {
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s.prev.parent = s
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}
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if s.next != nil {
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s.next.parent = s
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}
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// Add t first in s's wait list.
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s.waitlink = t
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s.waittail = t.waittail
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if s.waittail == nil {
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s.waittail = t
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}
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t.parent = nil
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t.prev = nil
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t.next = nil
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t.waittail = nil
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} else {
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// Add s to end of t's wait list.
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if t.waittail == nil {
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t.waitlink = s
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} else {
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t.waittail.waitlink = s
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}
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t.waittail = s
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s.waitlink = nil
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}
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return
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}
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last = t
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if uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(addr)) < uintptr(t.elem) {
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pt = &t.prev
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} else {
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pt = &t.next
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}
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}
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// Add s as new leaf in tree of unique addrs.
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// The balanced tree is a treap using ticket as the random heap priority.
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// That is, it is a binary tree ordered according to the elem addresses,
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// but then among the space of possible binary trees respecting those
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// addresses, it is kept balanced on average by maintaining a heap ordering
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// on the ticket: s.ticket <= both s.prev.ticket and s.next.ticket.
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// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap
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// http://faculty.washington.edu/aragon/pubs/rst89.pdf
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//
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// s.ticket compared with zero in couple of places, therefore set lowest bit.
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// It will not affect treap's quality noticeably.
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s.ticket = fastrand() | 1
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s.parent = last
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*pt = s
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// Rotate up into tree according to ticket (priority).
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for s.parent != nil && s.parent.ticket > s.ticket {
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if s.parent.prev == s {
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root.rotateRight(s.parent)
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} else {
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if s.parent.next != s {
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panic("semaRoot queue")
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}
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root.rotateLeft(s.parent)
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}
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}
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}
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// dequeue searches for and finds the first goroutine
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// in semaRoot blocked on addr.
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// If the sudog was being profiled, dequeue returns the time
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// at which it was woken up as now. Otherwise now is 0.
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func (root *semaRoot) dequeue(addr *uint32) (found *sudog, now int64) {
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ps := &root.treap
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s := *ps
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for ; s != nil; s = *ps {
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if s.elem == unsafe.Pointer(addr) {
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goto Found
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}
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if uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(addr)) < uintptr(s.elem) {
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ps = &s.prev
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} else {
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ps = &s.next
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}
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}
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return nil, 0
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Found:
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now = int64(0)
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if s.acquiretime != 0 {
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now = cputicks()
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}
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if t := s.waitlink; t != nil {
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// Substitute t, also waiting on addr, for s in root tree of unique addrs.
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*ps = t
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t.ticket = s.ticket
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t.parent = s.parent
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t.prev = s.prev
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if t.prev != nil {
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t.prev.parent = t
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}
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t.next = s.next
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if t.next != nil {
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t.next.parent = t
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}
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if t.waitlink != nil {
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t.waittail = s.waittail
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} else {
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t.waittail = nil
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}
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t.acquiretime = now
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s.waitlink = nil
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s.waittail = nil
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} else {
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// Rotate s down to be leaf of tree for removal, respecting priorities.
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for s.next != nil || s.prev != nil {
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if s.next == nil || s.prev != nil && s.prev.ticket < s.next.ticket {
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root.rotateRight(s)
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} else {
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root.rotateLeft(s)
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}
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}
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// Remove s, now a leaf.
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if s.parent != nil {
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if s.parent.prev == s {
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s.parent.prev = nil
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} else {
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s.parent.next = nil
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}
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} else {
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root.treap = nil
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}
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}
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s.parent = nil
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s.elem = nil
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s.next = nil
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s.prev = nil
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s.ticket = 0
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return s, now
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}
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// rotateLeft rotates the tree rooted at node x.
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// turning (x a (y b c)) into (y (x a b) c).
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func (root *semaRoot) rotateLeft(x *sudog) {
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// p -> (x a (y b c))
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p := x.parent
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a, y := x.prev, x.next
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b, c := y.prev, y.next
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y.prev = x
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x.parent = y
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y.next = c
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if c != nil {
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c.parent = y
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}
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x.prev = a
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if a != nil {
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a.parent = x
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}
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x.next = b
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if b != nil {
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b.parent = x
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}
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y.parent = p
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if p == nil {
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root.treap = y
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} else if p.prev == x {
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p.prev = y
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} else {
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if p.next != x {
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throw("semaRoot rotateLeft")
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}
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p.next = y
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}
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}
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// rotateRight rotates the tree rooted at node y.
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// turning (y (x a b) c) into (x a (y b c)).
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func (root *semaRoot) rotateRight(y *sudog) {
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// p -> (y (x a b) c)
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p := y.parent
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x, c := y.prev, y.next
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a, b := x.prev, x.next
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x.prev = a
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if a != nil {
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a.parent = x
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}
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x.next = y
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y.parent = x
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y.prev = b
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if b != nil {
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b.parent = y
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}
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y.next = c
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if c != nil {
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c.parent = y
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}
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x.parent = p
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if p == nil {
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root.treap = x
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} else if p.prev == y {
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p.prev = x
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} else {
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if p.next != y {
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throw("semaRoot rotateRight")
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}
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p.next = x
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}
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}
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// notifyList is a ticket-based notification list used to implement sync.Cond.
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//
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// It must be kept in sync with the sync package.
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type notifyList struct {
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// wait is the ticket number of the next waiter. It is atomically
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// incremented outside the lock.
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wait uint32
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// notify is the ticket number of the next waiter to be notified. It can
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// be read outside the lock, but is only written to with lock held.
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//
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// Both wait & notify can wrap around, and such cases will be correctly
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// handled as long as their "unwrapped" difference is bounded by 2^31.
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// For this not to be the case, we'd need to have 2^31+ goroutines
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// blocked on the same condvar, which is currently not possible.
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notify uint32
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// List of parked waiters.
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lock mutex
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head *sudog
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tail *sudog
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}
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// less checks if a < b, considering a & b running counts that may overflow the
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// 32-bit range, and that their "unwrapped" difference is always less than 2^31.
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func less(a, b uint32) bool {
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return int32(a-b) < 0
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}
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// notifyListAdd adds the caller to a notify list such that it can receive
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// notifications. The caller must eventually call notifyListWait to wait for
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// such a notification, passing the returned ticket number.
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//go:linkname notifyListAdd sync.runtime_notifyListAdd
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func notifyListAdd(l *notifyList) uint32 {
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// This may be called concurrently, for example, when called from
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// sync.Cond.Wait while holding a RWMutex in read mode.
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return atomic.Xadd(&l.wait, 1) - 1
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}
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// notifyListWait waits for a notification. If one has been sent since
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// notifyListAdd was called, it returns immediately. Otherwise, it blocks.
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//go:linkname notifyListWait sync.runtime_notifyListWait
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func notifyListWait(l *notifyList, t uint32) {
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lock(&l.lock)
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// Return right away if this ticket has already been notified.
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if less(t, l.notify) {
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unlock(&l.lock)
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return
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}
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// Enqueue itself.
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s := acquireSudog()
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s.g = getg()
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s.ticket = t
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s.releasetime = 0
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t0 := int64(0)
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if blockprofilerate > 0 {
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t0 = cputicks()
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s.releasetime = -1
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}
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if l.tail == nil {
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l.head = s
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} else {
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l.tail.next = s
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}
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l.tail = s
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goparkunlock(&l.lock, "semacquire", traceEvGoBlockCond, 3)
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if t0 != 0 {
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blockevent(s.releasetime-t0, 2)
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}
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releaseSudog(s)
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}
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// notifyListNotifyAll notifies all entries in the list.
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//go:linkname notifyListNotifyAll sync.runtime_notifyListNotifyAll
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func notifyListNotifyAll(l *notifyList) {
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// Fast-path: if there are no new waiters since the last notification
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// we don't need to acquire the lock.
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if atomic.Load(&l.wait) == atomic.Load(&l.notify) {
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return
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}
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// Pull the list out into a local variable, waiters will be readied
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// outside the lock.
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lock(&l.lock)
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s := l.head
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l.head = nil
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l.tail = nil
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// Update the next ticket to be notified. We can set it to the current
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// value of wait because any previous waiters are already in the list
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// or will notice that they have already been notified when trying to
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// add themselves to the list.
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atomic.Store(&l.notify, atomic.Load(&l.wait))
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unlock(&l.lock)
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// Go through the local list and ready all waiters.
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for s != nil {
|
|
next := s.next
|
|
s.next = nil
|
|
readyWithTime(s, 4)
|
|
s = next
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// notifyListNotifyOne notifies one entry in the list.
|
|
//go:linkname notifyListNotifyOne sync.runtime_notifyListNotifyOne
|
|
func notifyListNotifyOne(l *notifyList) {
|
|
// Fast-path: if there are no new waiters since the last notification
|
|
// we don't need to acquire the lock at all.
|
|
if atomic.Load(&l.wait) == atomic.Load(&l.notify) {
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
lock(&l.lock)
|
|
|
|
// Re-check under the lock if we need to do anything.
|
|
t := l.notify
|
|
if t == atomic.Load(&l.wait) {
|
|
unlock(&l.lock)
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Update the next notify ticket number.
|
|
atomic.Store(&l.notify, t+1)
|
|
|
|
// Try to find the g that needs to be notified.
|
|
// If it hasn't made it to the list yet we won't find it,
|
|
// but it won't park itself once it sees the new notify number.
|
|
//
|
|
// This scan looks linear but essentially always stops quickly.
|
|
// Because g's queue separately from taking numbers,
|
|
// there may be minor reorderings in the list, but we
|
|
// expect the g we're looking for to be near the front.
|
|
// The g has others in front of it on the list only to the
|
|
// extent that it lost the race, so the iteration will not
|
|
// be too long. This applies even when the g is missing:
|
|
// it hasn't yet gotten to sleep and has lost the race to
|
|
// the (few) other g's that we find on the list.
|
|
for p, s := (*sudog)(nil), l.head; s != nil; p, s = s, s.next {
|
|
if s.ticket == t {
|
|
n := s.next
|
|
if p != nil {
|
|
p.next = n
|
|
} else {
|
|
l.head = n
|
|
}
|
|
if n == nil {
|
|
l.tail = p
|
|
}
|
|
unlock(&l.lock)
|
|
s.next = nil
|
|
readyWithTime(s, 4)
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
unlock(&l.lock)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//go:linkname notifyListCheck sync.runtime_notifyListCheck
|
|
func notifyListCheck(sz uintptr) {
|
|
if sz != unsafe.Sizeof(notifyList{}) {
|
|
print("runtime: bad notifyList size - sync=", sz, " runtime=", unsafe.Sizeof(notifyList{}), "\n")
|
|
throw("bad notifyList size")
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//go:linkname sync_nanotime sync.runtime_nanotime
|
|
func sync_nanotime() int64 {
|
|
return nanotime()
|
|
}
|