654 lines
10 KiB
XML
654 lines
10 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="manual.localization.locales.locale" xreflabel="locale">
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<?dbhtml filename="locale.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<keywordset>
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<keyword>
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ISO C++
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</keyword>
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<keyword>
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locale
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</keyword>
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</keywordset>
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</sect1info>
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<title>locale</title>
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<para>
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Describes the basic locale object, including nested
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classes id, facet, and the reference-counted implementation object,
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class _Impl.
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</para>
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<sect2 id="locales.locale.req" xreflabel="locales.locale.req">
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<title>Requirements</title>
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<para>
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Class locale is non-templatized and has two distinct types nested
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inside of it:
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</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>
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<emphasis>
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class facet
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22.1.1.1.2 Class locale::facet
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</emphasis>
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</para>
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</blockquote>
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<para>
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Facets actually implement locale functionality. For instance, a facet
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called numpunct is the data objects that can be used to query for the
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thousands separator is in the German locale.
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</para>
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<para>
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Literally, a facet is strictly defined:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Containing the following public data member:
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</para>
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<para>
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<code>static locale::id id;</code>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Derived from another facet:
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</para>
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<para>
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<code>class gnu_codecvt: public std::ctype<user-defined-type></code>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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Of interest in this class are the memory management options explicitly
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specified as an argument to facet's constructor. Each constructor of a
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facet class takes a std::size_t __refs argument: if __refs == 0, the
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facet is deleted when the locale containing it is destroyed. If __refs
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== 1, the facet is not destroyed, even when it is no longer
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referenced.
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</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>
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<emphasis>
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class id
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22.1.1.1.3 - Class locale::id
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</emphasis>
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</para>
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</blockquote>
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<para>
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Provides an index for looking up specific facets.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="locales.locale.design" xreflabel="locales.locale.design">
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<title>Design</title>
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<para>
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The major design challenge is fitting an object-orientated and
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non-global locale design on top of POSIX and other relevant standards,
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which include the Single Unix (nee X/Open.)
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</para>
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<para>
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Because C and earlier versions of POSIX fall down so completely,
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portability is an issue.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="locales.locale.impl" xreflabel="locales.locale.impl">
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<title>Implementation</title>
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<sect3 id="locale.impl.c" xreflabel="locale.impl.c">
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<title>Interacting with "C" locales</title>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<code>`locale -a`</code> displays available locales.
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</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>
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af_ZA
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ar_AE
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ar_AE.utf8
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ar_BH
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ar_BH.utf8
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ar_DZ
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ar_DZ.utf8
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ar_EG
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ar_EG.utf8
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ar_IN
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ar_IQ
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ar_IQ.utf8
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ar_JO
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ar_JO.utf8
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ar_KW
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ar_KW.utf8
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ar_LB
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ar_LB.utf8
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ar_LY
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ar_LY.utf8
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ar_MA
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ar_MA.utf8
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ar_OM
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ar_OM.utf8
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ar_QA
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ar_QA.utf8
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ar_SA
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ar_SA.utf8
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ar_SD
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ar_SD.utf8
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ar_SY
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ar_SY.utf8
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ar_TN
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ar_TN.utf8
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ar_YE
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ar_YE.utf8
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be_BY
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be_BY.utf8
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bg_BG
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bg_BG.utf8
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br_FR
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bs_BA
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C
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ca_ES
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ca_ES@euro
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ca_ES.utf8
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ca_ES.utf8@euro
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cs_CZ
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cs_CZ.utf8
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cy_GB
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da_DK
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da_DK.iso885915
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da_DK.utf8
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de_AT
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de_AT@euro
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de_AT.utf8
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de_AT.utf8@euro
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de_BE
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de_BE@euro
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de_BE.utf8
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de_BE.utf8@euro
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de_CH
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de_CH.utf8
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de_DE
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de_DE@euro
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de_DE.utf8
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de_DE.utf8@euro
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de_LU
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de_LU@euro
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de_LU.utf8
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de_LU.utf8@euro
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el_GR
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el_GR.utf8
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en_AU
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en_AU.utf8
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en_BW
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en_BW.utf8
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en_CA
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en_CA.utf8
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en_DK
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en_DK.utf8
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en_GB
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en_GB.iso885915
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en_GB.utf8
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en_HK
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en_HK.utf8
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en_IE
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en_IE@euro
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en_IE.utf8
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en_IE.utf8@euro
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en_IN
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en_NZ
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en_NZ.utf8
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en_PH
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en_PH.utf8
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en_SG
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en_SG.utf8
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en_US
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en_US.iso885915
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en_US.utf8
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en_ZA
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en_ZA.utf8
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en_ZW
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en_ZW.utf8
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es_AR
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es_AR.utf8
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es_BO
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es_BO.utf8
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es_CL
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es_CL.utf8
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es_CO
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es_CO.utf8
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es_CR
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es_CR.utf8
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es_DO
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es_DO.utf8
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es_EC
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es_EC.utf8
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es_ES
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es_ES@euro
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es_ES.utf8
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es_ES.utf8@euro
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es_GT
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es_GT.utf8
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es_HN
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es_HN.utf8
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es_MX
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es_MX.utf8
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es_NI
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es_NI.utf8
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es_PA
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es_PA.utf8
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es_PE
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es_PE.utf8
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es_PR
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es_PR.utf8
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es_PY
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es_PY.utf8
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es_SV
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es_SV.utf8
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es_US
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es_US.utf8
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es_UY
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es_UY.utf8
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es_VE
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es_VE.utf8
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et_EE
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et_EE.utf8
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eu_ES
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eu_ES@euro
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eu_ES.utf8
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eu_ES.utf8@euro
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fa_IR
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fi_FI
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fi_FI@euro
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fi_FI.utf8
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fi_FI.utf8@euro
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fo_FO
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fo_FO.utf8
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fr_BE
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fr_BE@euro
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fr_BE.utf8
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fr_BE.utf8@euro
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fr_CA
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fr_CA.utf8
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fr_CH
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fr_CH.utf8
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fr_FR
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fr_FR@euro
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fr_FR.utf8
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fr_FR.utf8@euro
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fr_LU
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fr_LU@euro
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fr_LU.utf8
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fr_LU.utf8@euro
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ga_IE
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ga_IE@euro
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ga_IE.utf8
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ga_IE.utf8@euro
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gl_ES
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gl_ES@euro
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gl_ES.utf8
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gl_ES.utf8@euro
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gv_GB
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gv_GB.utf8
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he_IL
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he_IL.utf8
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hi_IN
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hr_HR
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hr_HR.utf8
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hu_HU
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hu_HU.utf8
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id_ID
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id_ID.utf8
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is_IS
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is_IS.utf8
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it_CH
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it_CH.utf8
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it_IT
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it_IT@euro
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it_IT.utf8
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it_IT.utf8@euro
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iw_IL
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iw_IL.utf8
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ja_JP.eucjp
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ja_JP.utf8
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ka_GE
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kl_GL
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kl_GL.utf8
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ko_KR.euckr
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ko_KR.utf8
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kw_GB
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kw_GB.utf8
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lt_LT
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lt_LT.utf8
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lv_LV
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lv_LV.utf8
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mi_NZ
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mk_MK
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mk_MK.utf8
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mr_IN
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ms_MY
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ms_MY.utf8
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mt_MT
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mt_MT.utf8
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nl_BE
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nl_BE@euro
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nl_BE.utf8
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nl_BE.utf8@euro
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nl_NL
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nl_NL@euro
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nl_NL.utf8
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nl_NL.utf8@euro
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nn_NO
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nn_NO.utf8
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no_NO
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no_NO.utf8
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oc_FR
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pl_PL
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pl_PL.utf8
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POSIX
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pt_BR
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pt_BR.utf8
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pt_PT
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pt_PT@euro
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pt_PT.utf8
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pt_PT.utf8@euro
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ro_RO
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ro_RO.utf8
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ru_RU
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ru_RU.koi8r
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ru_RU.utf8
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ru_UA
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ru_UA.utf8
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se_NO
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sk_SK
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sk_SK.utf8
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sl_SI
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sl_SI.utf8
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sq_AL
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sq_AL.utf8
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sr_YU
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sr_YU@cyrillic
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sr_YU.utf8
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sr_YU.utf8@cyrillic
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sv_FI
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sv_FI@euro
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sv_FI.utf8
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sv_FI.utf8@euro
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sv_SE
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sv_SE.iso885915
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sv_SE.utf8
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ta_IN
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te_IN
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tg_TJ
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th_TH
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th_TH.utf8
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tl_PH
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tr_TR
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tr_TR.utf8
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uk_UA
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uk_UA.utf8
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ur_PK
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uz_UZ
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vi_VN
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vi_VN.tcvn
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wa_BE
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wa_BE@euro
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yi_US
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zh_CN
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zh_CN.gb18030
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zh_CN.gbk
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zh_CN.utf8
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zh_HK
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zh_HK.utf8
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zh_TW
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zh_TW.euctw
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zh_TW.utf8
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</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<code>`locale`</code> displays environmental variables that
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impact how locale("") will be deduced.
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</para>
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<blockquote>
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<programlisting>
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LANG=en_US
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LC_CTYPE="en_US"
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LC_NUMERIC="en_US"
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LC_TIME="en_US"
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LC_COLLATE="en_US"
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LC_MONETARY="en_US"
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LC_MESSAGES="en_US"
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LC_PAPER="en_US"
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LC_NAME="en_US"
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LC_ADDRESS="en_US"
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LC_TELEPHONE="en_US"
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LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US"
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LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US"
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LC_ALL=
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</programlisting>
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</blockquote>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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From Josuttis, p. 697-698, which says, that "there is only *one*
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relation (of the C++ locale mechanism) to the C locale mechanism: the
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global C locale is modified if a named C++ locale object is set as the
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global locale" (emphasis Paolo), that is:
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</para>
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<programlisting>std::locale::global(std::locale(""));</programlisting>
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<para>affects the C functions as if the following call was made:</para>
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<programlisting>std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "");</programlisting>
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<para>
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On the other hand, there is *no* vice versa, that is, calling
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setlocale has *no* whatsoever on the C++ locale mechanism, in
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particular on the working of locale(""), which constructs the locale
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object from the environment of the running program, that is, in
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practice, the set of LC_ALL, LANG, etc. variable of the shell.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="locales.locale.future" xreflabel="locales.locale.future">
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<title>Future</title>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Locale initialization: at what point does _S_classic, _S_global
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get initialized? Can named locales assume this initialization
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has already taken place?
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Document how named locales error check when filling data
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members. I.e., a fr_FR locale that doesn't have
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numpunct::truename(): does it use "true"? Or is it a blank
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string? What's the convention?
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Explain how locale aliasing happens. When does "de_DE" use "de"
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information? What is the rule for locales composed of just an
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ISO language code (say, "de") and locales with both an ISO
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language code and ISO country code (say, "de_DE").
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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What should non-required facet instantiations do? If the
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generic implementation is provided, then how to end-users
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provide specializations?
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect2>
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<bibliography id="locales.locale.biblio" xreflabel="locales.locale.biblio">
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<title>Bibliography</title>
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<biblioentry>
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<title>
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The GNU C Library
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</title>
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<author>
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<surname>McGrath</surname>
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<firstname>Roland</firstname>
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</author>
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<author>
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<surname>Drepper</surname>
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<firstname>Ulrich</firstname>
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</author>
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<copyright>
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<year>2007</year>
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<holder>FSF</holder>
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</copyright>
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<pagenums>Chapters 6 Character Set Handling and 7 Locales and Internationalization</pagenums>
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</biblioentry>
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<biblioentry>
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<title>
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Correspondence
|
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</title>
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<author>
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<surname>Drepper</surname>
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<firstname>Ulrich</firstname>
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</author>
|
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|
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<copyright>
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<year>2002</year>
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<holder></holder>
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</copyright>
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</biblioentry>
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|
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<biblioentry>
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<title>
|
|
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++
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</title>
|
|
|
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<copyright>
|
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<year>1998</year>
|
|
<holder>ISO</holder>
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</copyright>
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</biblioentry>
|
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|
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<biblioentry>
|
|
<title>
|
|
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Programming languages - C
|
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</title>
|
|
|
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<copyright>
|
|
<year>1999</year>
|
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<holder>ISO</holder>
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|
</copyright>
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</biblioentry>
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|
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<biblioentry>
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<title>
|
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System Interface Definitions, Issue 6 (IEEE Std. 1003.1-200x)
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|
</title>
|
|
|
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<copyright>
|
|
<year>1999</year>
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<holder>
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The Open Group/The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.</holder>
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</copyright>
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|
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<biblioid>
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<ulink url="http://www.opennc.org/austin/docreg.html">
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</ulink>
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</biblioid>
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|
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</biblioentry>
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|
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<biblioentry>
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<title>
|
|
The C++ Programming Language, Special Edition
|
|
</title>
|
|
|
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<author>
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<surname>Stroustrup</surname>
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<firstname>Bjarne</firstname>
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|
</author>
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|
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<copyright>
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<year>2000</year>
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<holder>Addison Wesley, Inc.</holder>
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</copyright>
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<pagenums>Appendix D</pagenums>
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<publisher>
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<publishername>
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Addison Wesley
|
|
</publishername>
|
|
</publisher>
|
|
|
|
</biblioentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<biblioentry>
|
|
<title>
|
|
Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales
|
|
</title>
|
|
<subtitle>
|
|
Advanced Programmer's Guide and Reference
|
|
</subtitle>
|
|
|
|
<author>
|
|
<surname>Langer</surname>
|
|
<firstname>Angelika</firstname>
|
|
</author>
|
|
|
|
<author>
|
|
<surname>Kreft</surname>
|
|
<firstname>Klaus</firstname>
|
|
</author>
|
|
|
|
<copyright>
|
|
<year>2000</year>
|
|
<holder>Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.</holder>
|
|
</copyright>
|
|
|
|
<publisher>
|
|
<publishername>
|
|
Addison Wesley Longman
|
|
</publishername>
|
|
</publisher>
|
|
|
|
</biblioentry>
|
|
|
|
</bibliography>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|