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Update. 

1998-03-18 00:25  Tim Waugh  <tim@cyberelk.demon.co.uk>

	* posix/wordexp.c (parse_comm): Allow quoting inside $(...).
	(parse_param): Fold in Andreas' fixes to do with when the end of
	the parameter name has been reached, and quoting inside ${...}.
	(parse_dollars): Fix differentiation between $(((1+3)*(4-2))) and
	$((echo);(ls)).

1998-03-16 22:10  Zack Weinberg  <zack@rabi.phys.columbia.edu>

	* manual/maint.texi: Split out installation and contribution
	sections to their own appendices.  Misc cleanups.
	* manual/install.texi: New file.  Mention add-ons.  Refer to FAQ.
	* manual/contrib.texi: New file.
	* manual/libc.texinfo: Pull in new appendices.
	* manual/header.texi: Correct node pointer.

1998-03-17  Andreas Jaeger  <aj@arthur.rhein-neckar.de>

	* manual/process.texi (Process Completion): Clarify return value
	of waitpid a bit.  Patch by Zack Weinberg. [PR libc/490]
This commit is contained in:
Ulrich Drepper 1998-03-17 17:27:52 +00:00
parent 48fc3dd224
commit 3c20b9b6a5
8 changed files with 1070 additions and 1034 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

22
ChangeLog
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@ -1,3 +1,25 @@
1998-03-18 00:25 Tim Waugh <tim@cyberelk.demon.co.uk>
* posix/wordexp.c (parse_comm): Allow quoting inside $(...).
(parse_param): Fold in Andreas' fixes to do with when the end of
the parameter name has been reached, and quoting inside ${...}.
(parse_dollars): Fix differentiation between $(((1+3)*(4-2))) and
$((echo);(ls)).
1998-03-16 22:10 Zack Weinberg <zack@rabi.phys.columbia.edu>
* manual/maint.texi: Split out installation and contribution
sections to their own appendices. Misc cleanups.
* manual/install.texi: New file. Mention add-ons. Refer to FAQ.
* manual/contrib.texi: New file.
* manual/libc.texinfo: Pull in new appendices.
* manual/header.texi: Correct node pointer.
1998-03-17 Andreas Jaeger <aj@arthur.rhein-neckar.de>
* manual/process.texi (Process Completion): Clarify return value
of waitpid a bit. Patch by Zack Weinberg. [PR libc/490]
1998-03-15 Andreas Schwab <schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
* posix/wordexp-test.c: Add more tests.

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@node Contributors, Copying, Maintenance, Top
@appendix Contributors to the GNU C Library
The GNU C library was written originally by Roland McGrath, and is
currently maintained by Ulrich Drepper. Some parts of the library were
contributed or worked on by other people.
@itemize @bullet
@item
The @code{getopt} function and related code were written by
Richard Stallman, @w{David J.} MacKenzie, and @w{Roland McGrath}.
@item
The merge sort function @code{qsort} was written by Michael J. Haertel.
@item
The quick sort function used as a fallback by @code{qsort} was written
by Douglas C. Schmidt.
@item
The memory allocation functions @code{malloc}, @code{realloc} and
@code{free} and related code were written by Michael J. Haertel,
@w{Wolfram Gloger}, and @w{Doug Lea}.
@item
Fast implementations of many of the string functions (@code{memcpy},
@code{strlen}, etc.) were written by Torbj@"orn Granlund.
@item
The @file{tar.h} header file was written by David J. MacKenzie.
@item
The port to the MIPS DECStation running Ultrix 4
(@code{mips-dec-ultrix4})
was contributed by Brendan Kehoe and Ian Lance Taylor.
@item
The DES encryption function @code{crypt} and related functions were
contributed by Michael Glad.
@item
The @code{ftw} and @code{nftw} functions were contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
@item
The startup code to support SunOS shared libraries was contributed by
Tom Quinn.
@item
The @code{mktime} function was contributed by Paul Eggert.
@item
The port to the Sequent Symmetry running Dynix version 3
(@code{i386-sequent-bsd}) was contributed by Jason Merrill.
@item
The timezone support code is derived from the public-domain timezone
package by Arthur David Olson and his many contributors.
@item
The port to the DEC Alpha running OSF/1 (@code{alpha-dec-osf1}) was
contributed by Brendan Kehoe, using some code written by Roland McGrath.
@item
The port to SGI machines running Irix 4 (@code{mips-sgi-irix4}) was
contributed by Tom Quinn.
@item
The port of the Mach and Hurd code to the MIPS architecture
(@code{mips-@var{anything}-gnu}) was contributed by Kazumoto Kojima.
@item
The floating-point printing function used by @code{printf} and friends
and the floating-point reading function used by @code{scanf},
@code{strtod} and friends were written by Ulrich Drepper. The
multi-precision integer functions used in those functions are taken from
GNU MP, which was contributed by Torbj@"orn Granlund.
@item
The internationalization support in the library, and the support
programs @code{locale} and @code{localedef}, were written by Ulrich
Drepper. Ulrich Drepper adapted the support code for message catalogs
(@file{libintl.h}, etc.) from the GNU @code{gettext} package, which he
also wrote. He also contributed the @code{catgets} support and the
entire suite of multi-byte and wide-character support functions
(@file{wctype.h}, @file{wchar.h}, etc.).
@item
The implementations of the @file{nsswitch.conf} mechanism and the files
and DNS backends for it were designed and written by Ulrich Drepper and
Roland McGrath, based on a backend interface defined by Peter Eriksson.
@item
The port to Linux i386/ELF (@code{i386-@var{anything}-linux}) was
contributed by Ulrich Drepper, based in large part on work done in
Hongjiu Lu's Linux version of the GNU C Library.
@item
The port to Linux/m68k (@code{m68k-@var{anything}-linux}) was
contributed by Andreas Schwab.
@item
The ports to Linux/ARM (@code{arm-@var{ANYTHING}-linuxaout}) and ARM
standalone (@code{arm-@var{ANYTHING}-none}), as well as parts of the
IPv6 support code, were contributed by Philip Blundell.
@item
Richard Henderson contributed the ELF dynamic linking code and other
support for the Alpha processor.
@item
David Mosberger-Tang contributed the port to Linux/Alpha
(@code{alpha-@var{anything}-linux}).
@item
The port to Linux on PowerPC (@code{powerpc-@var{anything}-linux})
was contributed by Geoffrey Keating.
@item
Miles Bader wrote the argp argument-parsing package, and the argz/envz
interfaces.
@item
Stephen R. van den Berg contributed a highly-optimized @code{strstr} function.
@item
Ulrich Drepper contributed the @code{hsearch} and @code{drand48}
families of functions; reentrant @samp{@dots{}@code{_r}} versions of the
@code{random} family; System V shared memory and IPC support code; and
several highly-optimized string functions for i@var{x}86 processors.
@item
The math functions are taken from @code{fdlibm-5.1} by Sun
Microsystems, as modified by J.T. Conklin, Ian Lance Taylor,
Ulrich Drepper, Andreas Schwab, and Roland McGrath.
@item
The @code{libio} library used to implement @code{stdio} functions on
some platforms was written by Per Bothner and modified by Ulrich Drepper.
@item
Eric Youngdale and Ulrich Drepper implemented versioning of objects on
symbol level.
@item
Thorsten Kukuk provided an implementation for NIS (YP) and NIS+,
securelevel 0, 1 and 2.
@item
Andreas Jaeger provided a test suite for the math library.
@item
Mark Kettenis implemented the utmpx interface and an utmp daemon.
@item
Ulrich Drepper added character conversion functions (@code{iconv}).
@item
Thorsten Kukuk provided an implementation for a caching daemon for NSS
(nscd).
@item
Tim Waugh provided an implementation of the POSIX.2 wordexp function family.
@item
Mark Kettenis provided a Hesiod NSS module.
@item
The Internet-related code (most of the @file{inet} subdirectory) and
several other miscellaneous functions and header files have been
included from 4.4 BSD with little or no modification.
All code incorporated from 4.4 BSD is under the following copyright:
@quotation
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1991 Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.
@end display
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
@enumerate
@item
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
@item
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
@item
All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
@quotation
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
@end quotation
@item
Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
@end enumerate
@sc{this software is provided by the regents and contributors ``as is'' and
any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose
are disclaimed. in no event shall the regents or contributors be liable
for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods
or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way
out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of
such damage.}
@end quotation
@item
The random number generation functions @code{random}, @code{srandom},
@code{setstate} and @code{initstate}, which are also the basis for the
@code{rand} and @code{srand} functions, were written by Earl T. Cohen
for the University of California at Berkeley and are copyrighted by the
Regents of the University of California. They have undergone minor
changes to fit into the GNU C library and to fit the @w{ISO C} standard,
but the functional code is Berkeley's.@refill
@item
The DNS resolver code is taken directly from BIND 4.9.5, which is
under both the Berkeley copyright above and also:
@quotation
Portions Copyright @copyright{} 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and
that the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in
advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or
software without specific, written prior permission.
@sc{the software is provided ``as is'' and digital equipment corp.
disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including all
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. in no event shall
digital equipment corporation be liable for any special, direct,
indirect, or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting
from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract,
negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection
with the use or performance of this software.}
@end quotation
@item
The code to support Sun RPC is taken verbatim from Sun's
@w{@sc{rpcsrc-4.0}} distribution, and is covered by this copyright:
@quotation
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1984, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
@end display
Sun RPC is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and is provided for
unrestricted use provided that this legend is included on all tape media
and as a part of the software program in whole or part. Users may copy
or modify Sun RPC without charge, but are not authorized to license or
distribute it to anyone else except as part of a product or program
developed by the user.
@sc{sun rpc is provided as is with no warranties of any kind including the
warranties of design, merchantibility and fitness for a particular
purpose, or arising from a course of dealing, usage or trade practice.}
Sun RPC is provided with no support and without any obligation on the
part of Sun Microsystems, Inc. to assist in its use, correction,
modification or enhancement.
@sc{sun microsystems, inc. shall have no liability with respect to the
infringement of copyrights, trade secrets or any patents by sun rpc
or any part thereof.}
In no event will Sun Microsystems, Inc. be liable for any lost revenue
or profits or other special, indirect and consequential damages, even if
Sun has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
@display
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
2550 Garcia Avenue
Mountain View, California 94043
@end display
@end quotation
@item
Some of the support code for Mach is taken from Mach 3.0 by CMU,
and is under the following copyright terms:
@quotation
@display
Mach Operating System
Copyright @copyright{} 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University
All Rights Reserved.
@end display
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
@sc{carnegie mellon allows free use of this software in its ``as is''
condition. carnegie mellon disclaims any liability of any kind for
any damages whatsoever resulting from the use of this software.}
Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
@display
Software Distribution Coordinator
School of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
@end display
@noindent
or @email{Software.Distribution@@CS.CMU.EDU} any improvements or
extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to
redistribute these changes.
@end quotation
@item
The code for the database library @file{libdb} comes from the 2.3
release of Berkeley DB. That code is under the same copyright as 4.4 BSD
and also:
@quotation
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
Sleepycat Software. All rights reserved.
@end display
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
@enumerate
@item
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
@item
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
@item
Redistributions in any form must be accompanied by information on
how to obtain complete source code for the DB software and any
accompanying software that uses the DB software. The source code
must either be included in the distribution or be available for no
more than the cost of distribution plus a nominal fee, and must be
freely redistributable under reasonable conditions. For an
executable file, complete source code means the source code for all
modules it contains. It does not mean source code for modules or
files that typically accompany the operating system on which the
executable file runs, e.g., standard library modules or system
header files.
@end enumerate
@sc{this software is provided by sleepycat software ``as is'' and
any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose
are disclaimed. in no event shall sleepycat software be liable
for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods
or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way
out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of
such damage.}
@display
Portions copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996
The President and Fellows of Harvard University.
All rights reserved.
@end display
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
@enumerate
@item
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
@item
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
@item
All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
@quotation
This product includes software developed by Harvard University
and its contributors.
@end quotation
@item
Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
@end enumerate
@sc{this software is provided by harvard and its contributors ``as is'' and
any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose
are disclaimed. in no event shall harvard or its contributors be liable
for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods
or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way
out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of
such damage.}
@noindent
For a license to use, redistribute or sell DB software under conditions
other than those described above, or to purchase support for this
software, please contact Sleepycat Software at
@display
Sleepycat Software
394 E. Riding Dr.
Carlisle, MA 01741
USA
+1-508-287-4781
@end display
or @email{db@@sleepycat.com}.
@end quotation
@end itemize

2
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@node Library Summary, Maintenance, Language Features, Top
@node Library Summary, Installation, Language Features, Top
@appendix Summary of Library Facilities
This appendix is a complete list of the facilities declared within the

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@c This is for making the `INSTALL' file for the distribution.
@c Makeinfo ignores it when processing the file from the include.
@setfilename INSTALL
@node Installation, Maintenance, Library Summary, Top
@appendix Installing the GNU C Library
@menu
* Tools for Installation:: We recommend using these tools to build.
* Supported Configurations:: What systems the GNU C library runs on.
* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs (if you want to
get them fixed) and other troubles
you may have with the GNU C library.
@end menu
Installation of the GNU C library is relatively simple, but usually
requires several GNU tools to be installed already.
@iftex
(@pxref{Tools for Installation}, below.)
@end iftex
Before you do anything else, you should read the file @file{FAQ} found
at the top level of the source tree. This file answers common questions
and describes problems you may experience with compilation and
installation. It is updated more frequently than this manual.
To configure the GNU C library for your system, run the shell script
@file{configure} with @code{sh}. Use an argument which is the
conventional GNU name for your system configuration---for example,
@samp{sparc-sun-sunos4.1}, for a Sun 4 running SunOS 4.1.
@xref{Installation, Installation, Installing GNU CC, gcc.info, Using and
Porting GNU CC}, for a full description of standard GNU configuration
names. If you omit the configuration name, @file{configure} will try to
guess one for you by inspecting the system it is running on. It may or
may not be able to come up with a guess, and the its guess might be
wrong. @file{configure} will tell you the canonical name of the chosen
configuration before proceeding.
Here are some options that you should specify (if appropriate) when
you run @code{configure}:
@table @samp
@item --with-binutils=@var{directory}
Use the binutils (assembler and linker) in @file{@var{directory}}, not
the ones the C compiler would default to. You could use this option if
the default binutils on your system cannot deal with all the constructs
in the GNU C library. (@code{configure} will detect the problem and
suppress these constructs, so the library will still be usable, but
functionality may be lost---for example, you can not build a shared libc
with old binutils.)
@c extra blank line makes it look better
@item --without-fp
@itemx --nfp
Use this option if your computer lacks hardware floating-point support
and your operating system does not emulate an FPU.
@item --prefix=@var{directory}
Install machine-independent data files in subdirectories of
@file{@var{directory}}. (You can also set this in @file{configparms};
see below.) The default is to install in `/usr/local'.
@item --exec-prefix=@var{directory}
Install the library and other machine-dependent files in subdirectories
of @file{@var{directory}}. (You can also set this in
@file{configparms}; see below.) The default is to use <prefix>/bin
and <prefix>/sbin.
@item --enable-shared
@itemx --disable-shared
Enable or disable building of an ELF shared library on systems that
support it. The default is to build the shared library on systems using
ELF when the GNU @code{binutils} are available.
@item --enable-profile
@itemx --disable-profile
Enable or disable building of the profiled C library, @samp{-lc_p}. The
default is to build the profiled library. You may wish to disable it if
you don't plan to do profiling, because it doubles the build time of
compiling just the unprofiled static library.
@item --enable-omitfp
Enable building a highly-optimized but possibly undebuggable C
library. This causes the normal static and shared (if enabled) C
libraries to be compiled with maximal optimization, including the
@samp{-fomit-frame-pointer} switch that makes debugging impossible on
many machines, and without debugging information (which makes the
binaries substantially smaller). An additional static library is
compiled with no optimization and full debugging information, and
installed as @samp{-lc_g}.
@item --enable-add-ons[=LIST]
Certain components of the C library are distributed separately from the
rest of the sources. In particular, the @code{crypt} function and its
friends are separated due to US export control regulations, and the
threading support code for Linux is maintained separately. You can get
these @dfn{add-on} packages from the same place you got the libc
sources. To use them, unpack them into your source tree, and give
@code{configure} the @samp{--enable-add-ons} option.
If you do not wish to use some add-on package that you have present in
your source tree, give this option a list of the add-ons that you
@emph{do} want used, like this: @samp{--enable-add-ons=crypt,linuxthreads}
@end table
You should not build the library in the same directory as the sources,
because there are bugs in @code{make clean}. Make a directory for the
build, and run @code{configure} from that directory, like this:
@smallexample
mkdir sun4
cd sun4
../configure sparc-sun-sunos4.1
@end smallexample
@noindent
@code{configure} looks for the sources in whatever directory you
specified for finding @code{configure} itself. It does not matter where
in the file system the source and build directories are---as long as you
specify the source directory when you run @code{configure}, you will get
the proper results.
This feature lets you keep sources and binaries in different
directories, and that makes it easy to build the library for several
different machines from the same set of sources. Simply create a
build directory for each target machine, and run @code{configure} in
that directory specifying the target machine's configuration name.
The library has a number of special-purpose configuration parameters.
These are defined in the file @file{configparms}; see the comments in
that file for the details. To change them, copy @file{configparms} into
your build directory and modify it as appropriate for your system.
@code{configure} will not notice your modifications if you change the
file in the source directory.
It is easy to configure the GNU C library for cross-compilation by
setting a few variables in @file{configparms}. Set @code{CC} to the
cross-compiler for the target you configured the library for; it is
important to use this same @code{CC} value when running
@code{configure}, like this: @samp{CC=@var{target}-gcc configure
@var{target}}. Set @code{BUILD_CC} to the compiler to use for for
programs run on the build system as part of compiling the library. You
may need to set @code{AR} and @code{RANLIB} to cross-compiling versions
of @code{ar} and @code{ranlib} if the native tools are not configured to
work with object files for the target you configured for.
Some of the machine-dependent code for some machines uses extensions in
the GNU C compiler, so you may need to compile the library with GCC.
(In fact, all of the existing complete ports require GCC.)
To build the library and related programs, type @code{make}. This will
produce a lot of output, some of which may look like errors from
@code{make} (but isn't). Look for error messages from @code{make}
containing @samp{***}. Those indicate that something is really wrong.
To build and run some test programs which exercise some of the library
facilities, type @code{make check}. This will produce several files
with names like @file{@var{program}.out}.
To format the @cite{GNU C Library Reference Manual} for printing, type
@w{@code{make dvi}}. You need a working @TeX{} installation to do this.
To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the
manual, type @code{make install}. This will build things if necessary,
before installing them. If you want to install the files in a different
place than the one specified at configuration time you can specify a
value for the Makefile variable @code{install_root} on the command line.
This is useful to create chroot'ed environment or to prepare binary
releases.@refill
@node Tools for Installation
@appendixsec Recommended Tools to Install the GNU C Library
@cindex installation tools
@cindex tools, for installing library
We recommend installing the following GNU tools before attempting to
build the GNU C library:
@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{make} 3.75
You need the latest version of GNU @code{make}. Modifying the GNU C
Library to work with other @code{make} programs would be so hard that we
recommend you port GNU @code{make} instead. @strong{Really.} We
recommend version GNU @code{make} version 3.75. Versions 3.76 and
3.76.1 are known to have bugs which only show up in big projects like
GNU @code{libc}.
@item
GCC 2.7.2.3
On most platforms, the GNU C library can only be compiled with the GNU C
compiler. We recommend GCC version 2.7.2 or later; earlier versions may
have problems.
On PowerPC, GCC versions dated earlier than 970904 are known not to work
(they crash), including 2.7.2.
@item
GNU @code{binutils} 2.8.1.0.23
Using the GNU @code{binutils} (assembler, linker, and related tools) is
preferable when possible, and they are required to build an ELF shared C
library. Version 2.1 of the library uses ELF symbol versioning
extensively. Support for this feature is incomplete or buggy before
binutils 2.8.1.0.23, so you must use at least this version.
@item
GNU @code{texinfo} 3.11
To correctly translate and install the Texinfo documentation you need
this version of the @code{texinfo} package. Earlier versions do not
understand all the tags used in the document, and the installation
mechanisms for the info files is not present or works differently.
On some Debian Linux based systems the @code{install-info} program
supplied with the system works differently from the one we expect. You
must therefore run @code{make install} like this:
@smallexample
make INSTALL_INFO=/path/to/GNU/install-info install
@end smallexample
@item
GNU @code{awk} 3.0
Several files used during the build are generated using features of GNU
@code{awk} that are not found in other implementations.
@c XXX: Does mawk work?
@end itemize
@noindent
If you change any of the @file{configure.in} files you will also need
@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{autoconf} 2.12
@end itemize
@noindent
and if you change any of the message translation files you will need
@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{gettext} 0.10 or later
@end itemize
@noindent
You may also need these packages if you upgrade your source tree using
patches, although we try to avoid this.
@node Supported Configurations
@appendixsec Supported Configurations
@cindex configurations, all supported
The GNU C Library currently supports configurations that match the
following patterns:
@smallexample
alpha-@var{anything}-linux
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-gnu
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-linux
m68k-@var{anything}-linux
powerpc-@var{anything}-linux
sparc-@var{anything}-linux
sparc64-@var{anything}-linux
@end smallexample
Former releases of this library (version 1.09.1 and perhaps earlier
versions) used to run on the following configurations:
@smallexample
alpha-dec-osf1
alpha-@var{anything}-linuxecoff
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-bsd4.3
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc2.2
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc3.@var{n}
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2v4
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv4
i@var{x}86-force_cpu386-none
i@var{x}86-sequent-bsd
i960-nindy960-none
m68k-hp-bsd4.3
m68k-mvme135-none
m68k-mvme136-none
m68k-sony-newsos3
m68k-sony-newsos4
m68k-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
mips-dec-ultrix4.@var{n}
mips-sgi-irix4.@var{n}
sparc-sun-solaris2.@var{n}
sparc-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
@end smallexample
Since no one has volunteered to test and fix these configurations,
they are not supported at the moment. They probably don't compile;
they definitely don't work anymore. Porting the library is not hard.
If you are interested in doing a port, please contact the glibc
maintainers by sending electronic mail to @email{bug-glibc@@gnu.org}.
Each case of @samp{i@var{x}86} can be @samp{i386}, @samp{i486},
@samp{i586}, or @samp{i686}. All of those configurations produce a
library that can run on any of these processors. The library will be
optimized for the specified processor, but will not use instructions not
available on all of them.
While no other configurations are supported, there are handy aliases for
these few. (These aliases work in other GNU software as well.)
@smallexample
decstation
hp320-bsd4.3 hp300bsd
i486-gnu
i586-linux
i386-sco
i386-sco3.2v4
i386-sequent-dynix
i386-svr4
news
sun3-sunos4.@var{n} sun3
sun4-solaris2.@var{n} sun4-sunos5.@var{n}
sun4-sunos4.@var{n} sun4
@end smallexample
@node Reporting Bugs
@appendixsec Reporting Bugs
@cindex reporting bugs
@cindex bugs, reporting
There are probably bugs in the GNU C library. There are certainly
errors and omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get
fixed. If you don't, no one will ever know about them and they will
remain unfixed for all eternity, if not longer.
To report a bug, first you must find it. Hopefully, this will be the
hard part. Once you've found a bug, make sure it's really a bug. A
good way to do this is to see if the GNU C library behaves the same way
some other C library does. If so, probably you are wrong and the
libraries are right (but not necessarily). If not, one of the libraries
is probably wrong.
Once you're sure you've found a bug, try to narrow it down to the
smallest test case that reproduces the problem. In the case of a C
library, you really only need to narrow it down to one library
function call, if possible. This should not be too difficult.
The final step when you have a simple test case is to report the bug.
When reporting a bug, send your test case, the results you got, the
results you expected, what you think the problem might be (if you've
thought of anything), your system type, and the version of the GNU C
library which you are using. Also include the files
@file{config.status} and @file{config.make} which are created by running
@file{configure}; they will be in whatever directory was current when
you ran @file{configure}.
If you think you have found some way in which the GNU C library does not
conform to the ISO and POSIX standards (@pxref{Standards and
Portability}), that is definitely a bug. Report it!@refill
Send bug reports to the Internet address
@email{bug-glibc@@gnu.org}. If you have other problems
with installation or use, please report those as well.@refill
If you are not sure how a function should behave, and this manual
doesn't tell you, that's a bug in the manual. Report that too! If the
function's behavior disagrees with the manual, then either the library
or the manual has a bug, so report the disagreement. If you find any
errors or omissions in this manual, please report them to the Internet
address @email{bug-glibc-manual@@gnu.org}.

11
manual/libc.texinfo
View File

@ -160,7 +160,9 @@ Appendices
* Library Summary:: A summary showing the syntax, header file,
and derivation of each library feature.
* Maintenance:: How to install and maintain the GNU C Library.
* Installation:: How to install the GNU C library.
* Maintenance:: How to enhance and port the GNU C Library.
* Contributors:: Who wrote what parts of the GNU C Library.
* Copying:: The GNU Library General Public License says
how you can copy and share the GNU C Library.
@ -947,11 +949,8 @@ Library Maintenance
* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs (if you want to
get them fixed) and other troubles
you may have with the GNU C library.
* Porting:: How to port the GNU C library to
a new machine or operating system.
@c * Traditional C Compatibility:: Using the GNU C library with non-ANSI
@c C compilers.
* Contributors:: Who wrote what parts of the GNU C Library.
Porting the GNU C Library
@ -996,11 +995,13 @@ Porting the GNU C Library
@comment Includes of the appendices.
@include lang.texi
@include header.texi
@include install.texi
@include maint.texi
@include contrib.texi
@set lgpl-appendix
@node Copying, Concept Index, Maintenance, Top
@node Copying, Concept Index, Contributors, Top
@include lgpl.texinfo

792
manual/maint.texi
View File

@ -1,384 +1,13 @@
@c \input /gd/gnu/doc/texinfo
@c This is for making the `INSTALL' file for the distribution.
@c Makeinfo ignores it when processing the file from the include.
@setfilename INSTALL
@node Maintenance, Copying, Library Summary, Top
@node Maintenance, Contributors, Installation, Top
@appendix Library Maintenance
@menu
* Installation:: How to configure, compile and
install the GNU C library.
* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs (if you want to
get them fixed) and other troubles
you may have with the GNU C library.
* Source Layout:: How to add new functions or header files
to the GNU C library.
* Porting:: How to port the GNU C library to
a new machine or operating system.
* Contributors:: Contributors to the GNU C Library.
@end menu
@node Installation
@appendixsec How to Install the GNU C Library
@cindex installing the library
Installation of the GNU C library is relatively simple, but usually
requires several GNU tools to be installed already.
@iftex
(@pxref{Tools for Installation}, below.)
@end iftex
@menu
* Tools for Installation:: We recommend using these tools to build.
* Supported Configurations:: What systems the GNU C library runs on.
@end menu
To configure the GNU C library for your system, run the shell script
@file{configure} with @code{sh}. Use an argument which is the
conventional GNU name for your system configuration---for example,
@samp{sparc-sun-sunos4.1}, for a Sun 4 running SunOS 4.1.
@xref{Installation, Installation, Installing GNU CC, gcc.info, Using and
Porting GNU CC}, for a full description of standard GNU configuration
names. If you omit the configuration name, @file{configure} will try to
guess one for you by inspecting the system it is running on. It may or
may not be able to come up with a guess, and the its guess might be
wrong. @file{configure} will tell you the canonical name of the chosen
configuration before proceeding.
Here are some options that you should specify (if appropriate) when
you run @code{configure}:
@table @samp
@item --with-binutils=@var{directory}
Use the binutils (assembler and linker) in @file{@var{directory}}, not
the ones the C compiler would default to. You could use this option if
the default binutils on your system cannot deal with all the constructs
in the GNU C library. (@code{configure} will detect the problem and
suppress these constructs, so the library will still be usable, but
functionality may be lost---for example, you can not build a shared libc
with old binutils.)
@c extra blank line makes it look better
@item --without-fp
@itemx --nfp
Use this option if your computer lacks hardware floating-point support
and your operating system does not emulate an FPU.
@item --prefix=@var{directory}
Install machine-independent data files in subdirectories of
@file{@var{directory}}. (You can also set this in @file{configparms};
see below.) The default is to install in `/usr/local'.
@item --exec-prefix=@var{directory}
Install the library and other machine-dependent files in subdirectories
of @file{@var{directory}}. (You can also set this in
@file{configparms}; see below.) The default is to use <prefix>/bin
and <prefix>/sbin.
@item --enable-shared
@itemx --disable-shared
Enable or disable building of an ELF shared library on systems that
support it. The default is to build the shared library on systems using
ELF when the GNU @code{binutils} are available.
@item --enable-profile
@itemx --disable-profile
Enable or disable building of the profiled C library, @samp{-lc_p}. The
default is to build the profiled library. You may wish to disable it if
you don't plan to do profiling, because it doubles the build time of
compiling just the unprofiled static library.
@item --enable-omitfp
Enable building a highly-optimized but possibly undebuggable static C
library. This causes the normal static and shared (if enabled) C
libraries to be compiled with maximal optimization, including the
@samp{-fomit-frame-pointer} switch that makes debugging impossible on
many machines, and without debugging information (which makes the
binaries substantially smaller). An additional static library is
compiled with no optimization and full debugging information, and
installed as @samp{-lc_g}.
@end table
The simplest way to run @code{configure} is to do it in the directory
that contains the library sources. This prepares to build the library
in that very directory.
You can prepare to build the library in some other directory by going
to that other directory to run @code{configure}. In order to run
configure, you will have to specify a directory for it, like this:
@smallexample
mkdir sun4
cd sun4
../configure sparc-sun-sunos4.1
@end smallexample
@noindent
@code{configure} looks for the sources in whatever directory you
specified for finding @code{configure} itself. It does not matter where
in the file system the source and build directories are---as long as you
specify the source directory when you run @code{configure}, you will get
the proper results.
This feature lets you keep sources and binaries in different
directories, and that makes it easy to build the library for several
different machines from the same set of sources. Simply create a
build directory for each target machine, and run @code{configure} in
that directory specifying the target machine's configuration name.
The library has a number of special-purpose configuration parameters.
These are defined in the file @file{Makeconfig}; see the comments in
that file for the details.
But don't edit the file @file{Makeconfig} yourself---instead, create a
file @file{configparms} in the directory where you are building the
library, and define in that file the parameters you want to specify.
@file{configparms} should @strong{not} be an edited copy of
@file{Makeconfig}; specify only the parameters that you want to
override. To see how to set these parameters, find the section of
@file{Makeconfig} that says ``These are the configuration variables.''
Then for each parameter that you want to change, copy the definition
from @file{Makeconfig} to your new @file{configparms} file, and change
the value as appropriate for your system.
It is easy to configure the GNU C library for cross-compilation by
setting a few variables in @file{configparms}. Set @code{CC} to the
cross-compiler for the target you configured the library for; it is
important to use this same @code{CC} value when running
@code{configure}, like this: @samp{CC=@var{target}-gcc configure
@var{target}}. Set @code{BUILD_CC} to the compiler to use for for
programs run on the build system as part of compiling the library. You
may need to set @code{AR} and @code{RANLIB} to cross-compiling versions
of @code{ar} and @code{ranlib} if the native tools are not configured to
work with object files for the target you configured for.
Some of the machine-dependent code for some machines uses extensions in
the GNU C compiler, so you may need to compile the library with GCC.
(In fact, all of the existing complete ports require GCC.)
To build the library and related programs, type @code{make}. This will
produce a lot of output, some of which may look like errors from
@code{make} (but isn't). Look for error messages from @code{make}
containing @samp{***}. Those indicate that something is really wrong.
To build and run some test programs which exercise some of the library
facilities, type @code{make check}. This will produce several files
with names like @file{@var{program}.out}.
To format the @cite{GNU C Library Reference Manual} for printing, type
@w{@code{make dvi}}. You need a working @TeX{} installation to do this.
To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the
manual, type @code{make install}. This will build things if necessary,
before installing them. If you want to install the files in a different
place than the one specified at configuration time you can specify a
value for the Makefile variable @code{install_root} on the command line.
This is useful to create chroot'ed environment or to prepare binary
releases.@refill
@node Tools for Installation
@appendixsubsec Recommended Tools to Install the GNU C Library
@cindex installation tools
@cindex tools, for installing library
We recommend installing the following GNU tools before attempting to
build the GNU C library:
@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{make} 3.75
You need the latest version of GNU @code{make}. Modifying the GNU C
Library to work with other @code{make} programs would be so hard that we
recommend you port GNU @code{make} instead. @strong{Really.} We
recommend version GNU @code{make} version 3.75. Versions 3.76 and
3.76.1 are known to have bugs which only show up in big projects like
GNU @code{libc}.
@item
GCC 2.7.2.3
On most platforms, the GNU C library can only be compiled with the GNU C
compiler. We recommend GCC version 2.7.2 or later; earlier versions may
have problems.
On PowerPC, GCC versions dated earlier than 970904 are known not to work
(they crash), including 2.7.2.
@item
GNU @code{binutils} 2.8.1.0.17
Using the GNU @code{binutils} (assembler, linker, and related tools) is
preferable when possible, and they are required to build an ELF shared C
library. We recommend @code{binutils} version 2.8.1 or later; earlier
versions are known to have problems or to not support all architectures.
@item
GNU @code{texinfo} 3.11
To correctly translate and install the Texinfo documentation you need
this version of the @code{texinfo} package. Former versions did not
understand all the tags used in the document and also the installation
mechanisms for the info files was not present or worked differently.
On some Debian Linux based systems the used @code{install-info} program
works differently. Here you have to run make like this:
@smallexample
make INSTALL_INFO=/path/to/GNU/install-info install
@end smallexample
@end itemize
If you change any configuration file you will need also
@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{autoconf} 2.12
@end itemize
@noindent
and if you change any of the message translation files you will also need
@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{GNU gettext} 0.10 or later
@end itemize
If any of the manual files changed you will need this
@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{awk} 3.0
@end itemize
@noindent
If you upgrade your source tree using the patches made available you probably
will need those package above in any case.
@node Supported Configurations
@appendixsubsec Supported Configurations
@cindex configurations, all supported
The GNU C Library currently supports configurations that match the
following patterns:
@smallexample
alpha-@var{anything}-linux
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-gnu
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-linux
m68k-@var{anything}-linux
powerpc-@var{anything}-linux
sparc64-@var{anything}-linux
@end smallexample
Former releases of this library (version 1.09.1 and perhaps earlier
versions) used to run on the following configurations:
@smallexample
alpha-dec-osf1
alpha-@var{anything}-linuxecoff
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-bsd4.3
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc2.2
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc3.@var{n}
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2v4
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv4
i@var{x}86-force_cpu386-none
i@var{x}86-sequent-bsd
i960-nindy960-none
m68k-hp-bsd4.3
m68k-mvme135-none
m68k-mvme136-none
m68k-sony-newsos3
m68k-sony-newsos4
m68k-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
mips-dec-ultrix4.@var{n}
mips-sgi-irix4.@var{n}
sparc-sun-solaris2.@var{n}
sparc-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
@end smallexample
Since no one has volunteered to test and fix the above configurations,
these are not supported at the moment. It's expected that these don't
work anymore. Porting the library is not hard. If you are interested
in doing a port, please contact the glibc maintainers by sending
electronic mail to @email{bug-glibc@@gnu.org}.
Each case of @samp{i@var{x}86} can be @samp{i386}, @samp{i486},
@samp{i586}, or @samp{i686}. All of those configurations produce a
library that can run on any of these processors. The library will be
optimized for the specified processor, but will not use instructions not
available on all of them.
While no other configurations are supported, there are handy aliases for
these few. (These aliases work in other GNU software as well.)
@smallexample
decstation
hp320-bsd4.3 hp300bsd
i486-gnu
i586-linux
i386-sco
i386-sco3.2v4
i386-sequent-dynix
i386-svr4
news
sun3-sunos4.@var{n} sun3
sun4-solaris2.@var{n} sun4-sunos5.@var{n}
sun4-sunos4.@var{n} sun4
@end smallexample
@node Reporting Bugs
@appendixsec Reporting Bugs
@cindex reporting bugs
@cindex bugs, reporting
There are probably bugs in the GNU C library. There are certainly
errors and omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get
fixed. If you don't, no one will ever know about them and they will
remain unfixed for all eternity, if not longer.
To report a bug, first you must find it. Hopefully, this will be the
hard part. Once you've found a bug, make sure it's really a bug. A
good way to do this is to see if the GNU C library behaves the same way
some other C library does. If so, probably you are wrong and the
libraries are right (but not necessarily). If not, one of the libraries
is probably wrong.
Once you're sure you've found a bug, try to narrow it down to the
smallest test case that reproduces the problem. In the case of a C
library, you really only need to narrow it down to one library
function call, if possible. This should not be too difficult.
The final step when you have a simple test case is to report the bug.
When reporting a bug, send your test case, the results you got, the
results you expected, what you think the problem might be (if you've
thought of anything), your system type, and the version of the GNU C
library which you are using. Also include the files
@file{config.status} and @file{config.make} which are created by running
@file{configure}; they will be in whatever directory was current when
you ran @file{configure}.
If you think you have found some way in which the GNU C library does not
conform to the ISO and POSIX standards (@pxref{Standards and
Portability}), that is definitely a bug. Report it!@refill
Send bug reports to the Internet address
@email{bug-glibc@@gnu.org}. If you have other problems
with installation or use, please report those as well.@refill
If you are not sure how a function should behave, and this manual
doesn't tell you, that's a bug in the manual. Report that too! If the
function's behavior disagrees with the manual, then either the library
or the manual has a bug, so report the disagreement. If you find any
errors or omissions in this manual, please report them to the Internet
address @email{bug-glibc-manual@@gnu.org}.
@node Source Layout
@appendixsec Adding New Functions
@ -781,7 +410,7 @@ Both @file{unix/bsd} and @file{unix/sysv/sysv4} imply @file{unix/common}.
@item unix/inet
This directory is for @code{socket} and related functions on Unix systems.
The @file{inet} top-level subdirectory is enabled by @file{unix/inet/Subdirs}.
@file{unix/inet/Subdirs} enables the @file{inet} top-level subdirectory.
@file{unix/common} implies @file{unix/inet}.
@end table
@ -806,8 +435,9 @@ subdirectories (and subdirectory trees) for various Unix variants.
The functions which are system calls in most Unix systems are
implemented in assembly code, which is generated automatically from
specifications in the file @file{sysdeps/unix/syscalls.list}. Some
special system calls are implemented in files that are named with a
specifications in files named @file{syscalls.list}. There are several
such files, one in @file{sysdeps/unix} and others in its subdirectories.
Some special system calls are implemented in files that are named with a
suffix of @samp{.S}; for example, @file{_exit.S}. Files ending in
@samp{.S} are run through the C preprocessor before being fed to the
assembler.
@ -820,8 +450,8 @@ variant. See @file{sysdeps/unix/sysdep.h} and the machine-specific
@file{sysdep.h} implementations to see what these macros are and what
they should do.@refill
The system-specific makefile for the @file{unix} directory (that is, the
file @file{sysdeps/unix/Makefile}) gives rules to generate several files
The system-specific makefile for the @file{unix} directory
(@file{sysdeps/unix/Makefile}) gives rules to generate several files
from the Unix system you are building the library on (which is assumed
to be the target system you are building the library @emph{for}). All
the generated files are put in the directory where the object files are
@ -843,411 +473,3 @@ organization of the GNU C library header files differs from that of
traditional C implementations. This means you may need to make changes
to your program in order to get it to compile.
@end ignore
@node Contributors
@appendixsec Contributors to the GNU C Library
The GNU C library was written originally by Roland McGrath. Some parts
of the library were contributed or worked on by other people.
@itemize @bullet
@item
The @code{getopt} function and related code were written by
Richard Stallman, @w{David J. MacKenzie}, and @w{Roland McGrath}.
@item
The merge sort function @code{qsort} was written by Michael J. Haertel.
@item
The quick sort function used as a fallback by @code{qsort} was written
by Douglas C. Schmidt.
@item
The memory allocation functions @code{malloc}, @code{realloc} and
@code{free} and related code were written by Michael J. Haertel.
@item
Fast implementations of many of the string functions (@code{memcpy},
@code{strlen}, etc.) were written by Torbj@"orn Granlund.
@item
The @file{tar.h} header file was written by David J. MacKenzie.
@item
The port to the MIPS DECStation running Ultrix 4
(@code{mips-dec-ultrix4})
was contributed by Brendan Kehoe and Ian Lance Taylor.
@item
The DES encryption function @code{crypt} and related functions were
contributed by Michael Glad.
@item
The @code{ftw} and @code{nftw} function was contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
@item
The startup code to support SunOS shared libraries was contributed by
Tom Quinn.
@item
The @code{mktime} function was contributed by Paul Eggert.
@item
The port to the Sequent Symmetry running Dynix version 3
(@code{i386-sequent-bsd}) was contributed by Jason Merrill.
@item
The timezone support code is derived from the public-domain timezone
package by Arthur David Olson and his many contributors.
@item
The port to the DEC Alpha running OSF/1 (@code{alpha-dec-osf1}) was
contributed by Brendan Kehoe, using some code written by Roland McGrath.
@item
The port to SGI machines running Irix 4 (@code{mips-sgi-irix4}) was
contributed by Tom Quinn.
@item
The port of the Mach and Hurd code to the MIPS architecture
(@code{mips-@var{anything}-gnu}) was contributed by Kazumoto Kojima.
@item
The floating-point printing function used by @code{printf} and friends
and the floating-point reading function used by @code{scanf},
@code{strtod} and friends were written by Ulrich Drepper. The
multi-precision integer functions used in those functions are taken from
GNU MP, which was contributed by Torbj@"orn Granlund.
@item
The internationalization support in the library, and the support
programs @code{locale} and @code{localedef}, were written by Ulrich
Drepper. Ulrich Drepper adapted the support code for message catalogs
(@file{libintl.h}, etc.) from the GNU @code{gettext} package, which he
also wrote. He also contributed the @code{catgets} support and the
entire suite of multi-byte and wide-character support functions
(@file{wctype.h}, @file{wchar.h}, etc.).
@item
The implementations of the @file{nsswitch.conf} mechanism and the files
and DNS backends for it were designed and written by Ulrich Drepper and
Roland McGrath, based on a backend interface defined by Peter Eriksson.
@item
The port to Linux i386/ELF (@code{i386-@var{anything}-linux}) was
contributed by Ulrich Drepper, based in large part on work done in
Hongjiu Lu's Linux version of the GNU C Library.
@item
The port to Linux/m68k (@code{m68k-@var{anything}-linux}) was
contributed by Andreas Schwab.
@item
The ports to Linux/ARM (@code{arm-@var{ANYTHING}-linuxaout}) and ARM
standalone (@code{arm-@var{ANYTHING}-none}), as well as parts of the
IPv6 support code, were contributed by Philip Blundell.
@item
Richard Henderson contributed the ELF dynamic linking code and other
support for the Alpha processor.
@item
David Mosberger-Tang contributed the port to Linux/Alpha
(@code{alpha-@var{anything}-linux}).
@item
The port to Linux on PowerPC (@code{powerpc-@var{anything}-linux})
was contributed by Geoffrey Keating.
@item
Miles Bader wrote the argp argument-parsing package, and the argz/envz
interfaces.
@item
Stephen R. van den Berg contributed a highly-optimized @code{strstr} function.
@item
Ulrich Drepper contributed the @code{hsearch} and @code{drand48}
families of functions; reentrant @samp{@dots{}@code{_r}} versions of the
@code{random} family; System V shared memory and IPC support code; and
several highly-optimized string functions for i@var{x}86 processors.
@item
The math functions are taken from @code{fdlibm-5.1} by Sun
Microsystems, as modified by J.T. Conklin, Ian Lance Taylor,
Ulrich Drepper, Andreas Schwab, and Roland McGrath.
@item
The @code{libio} library used to implement @code{stdio} functions on
some platforms was written by Per Bothner and modified by Ulrich Drepper.
@item
The Internet-related code (most of the @file{inet} subdirectory) and
several other miscellaneous functions and header files have been
included from 4.4 BSD with little or no modification.
All code incorporated from 4.4 BSD is under the following copyright:
@quotation
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1991 Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.
@end display
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
@enumerate
@item
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
@item
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
@item
All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
@quotation
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
@end quotation
@item
Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
@end enumerate
@sc{this software is provided by the regents and contributors ``as is'' and
any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose
are disclaimed. in no event shall the regents or contributors be liable
for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods
or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way
out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of
such damage.}
@end quotation
@item
The random number generation functions @code{random}, @code{srandom},
@code{setstate} and @code{initstate}, which are also the basis for the
@code{rand} and @code{srand} functions, were written by Earl T. Cohen
for the University of California at Berkeley and are copyrighted by the
Regents of the University of California. They have undergone minor
changes to fit into the GNU C library and to fit the @w{ISO C} standard,
but the functional code is Berkeley's.@refill
@item
The Internet resolver code is taken directly from BIND 4.9.5, which is
under both the Berkeley copyright above and also:
@quotation
Portions Copyright @copyright{} 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and
that the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in
advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or
software without specific, written prior permission.
@sc{the software is provided ``as is'' and digital equipment corp.
disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including all
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. in no event shall
digital equipment corporation be liable for any special, direct,
indirect, or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting
from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract,
negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection
with the use or performance of this software.}
@end quotation
@item
The code to support Sun RPC is taken verbatim from Sun's
@w{@sc{rpcsrc-4.0}} distribution, and is covered by this copyright:
@quotation
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1984, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
@end display
Sun RPC is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and is provided for
unrestricted use provided that this legend is included on all tape media
and as a part of the software program in whole or part. Users may copy
or modify Sun RPC without charge, but are not authorized to license or
distribute it to anyone else except as part of a product or program
developed by the user.
@sc{sun rpc is provided as is with no warranties of any kind including the
warranties of design, merchantibility and fitness for a particular
purpose, or arising from a course of dealing, usage or trade practice.}
Sun RPC is provided with no support and without any obligation on the
part of Sun Microsystems, Inc. to assist in its use, correction,
modification or enhancement.
@sc{sun microsystems, inc. shall have no liability with respect to the
infringement of copyrights, trade secrets or any patents by sun rpc
or any part thereof.}
In no event will Sun Microsystems, Inc. be liable for any lost revenue
or profits or other special, indirect and consequential damages, even if
Sun has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
@display
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
2550 Garcia Avenue
Mountain View, California 94043
@end display
@end quotation
@item
Some of the support code for Mach is taken from Mach 3.0 by CMU,
and is under the following copyright terms:
@quotation
@display
Mach Operating System
Copyright @copyright{} 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University
All Rights Reserved.
@end display
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
@sc{carnegie mellon allows free use of this software in its ``as is''
condition. carnegie mellon disclaims any liability of any kind for
any damages whatsoever resulting from the use of this software.}
Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
@display
Software Distribution Coordinator
School of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
@end display
@noindent
or @email{Software.Distribution@@CS.CMU.EDU} any improvements or
extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to
redistribute these changes.
@end quotation
@item
The code for the database library @file{libdb} comes from the 2.3
release of Berkeley DB. That code is under the same copyright as 4.4 BSD
and also:
@quotation
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
Sleepycat Software. All rights reserved.
@end display
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
@enumerate
@item
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
@item
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
@item
Redistributions in any form must be accompanied by information on
how to obtain complete source code for the DB software and any
accompanying software that uses the DB software. The source code
must either be included in the distribution or be available for no
more than the cost of distribution plus a nominal fee, and must be
freely redistributable under reasonable conditions. For an
executable file, complete source code means the source code for all
modules it contains. It does not mean source code for modules or
files that typically accompany the operating system on which the
executable file runs, e.g., standard library modules or system
header files.
@end enumerate
@sc{this software is provided by sleepycat software ``as is'' and
any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose
are disclaimed. in no event shall sleepycat software be liable
for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods
or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way
out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of
such damage.}
@display
Portions copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996
The President and Fellows of Harvard University.
All rights reserved.
@end display
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
@enumerate
@item
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
@item
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
@item
All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
@quotation
This product includes software developed by Harvard University
and its contributors.
@end quotation
@item
Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
@end enumerate
@sc{this software is provided by harvard and its contributors ``as is'' and
any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose
are disclaimed. in no event shall harvard or its contributors be liable
for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods
or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way
out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of
such damage.}
@noindent
For a license to use, redistribute or sell DB software under conditions
other than those described above, or to purchase support for this
software, please contact Sleepycat Software at
@display
Sleepycat Software
394 E. Riding Dr.
Carlisle, MA 01741
USA
+1-508-287-4781
@end display
or @email{db@@sleepycat.com}.
@end quotation
@end itemize
@c @bye

16
manual/process.texi
View File

@ -498,10 +498,18 @@ protected using cancelation handlers.
@c ref pthread_cleanup_push / pthread_cleanup_pop
The return value is normally the process ID of the child process whose
status is reported. If the @code{WNOHANG} option was specified and no
child process is waiting to be noticed, the value is zero. A value of
@code{-1} is returned in case of error. The following @code{errno}
error conditions are defined for this function:
status is reported. If there are child processes but none of them is
waiting to be noticed, @code{waitpid} will block until one is. However,
if the @code{WNOHANG} option was specified, @code{waitpid} will return
zero instead of blocking.
If a specific PID to wait for was given to @code{waitpid}, it will
ignore all other children (if any). Therefore if there are children
waiting to be noticed but the child whose PID was specified is not one
of them, @code{waitpid} will block or return zero as described above.
A value of @code{-1} is returned in case of error. The following
@code{errno} error conditions are defined for this function:
@table @code
@item EINTR

452
posix/wordexp.c
View File

@ -973,45 +973,63 @@ parse_comm (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
{
/* We are poised just after "$(" */
int paren_depth = 1;
int error;
int error = 0;
size_t comm_length = 0;
size_t comm_maxlen = 0;
char *comm = NULL;
int quoted = 0; /* 1 for singly-quoted, 2 for doubly-quoted */
for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
{
switch (words[*offset])
{
case '\'':
if (quoted == 0)
quoted = 1;
else if (quoted == 1)
quoted = 0;
break;
case '"':
if (quoted == 0)
quoted = 2;
else if (quoted == 2)
quoted = 0;
break;
case ')':
if (--paren_depth == 0)
if (!quoted && --paren_depth == 0)
{
/* Go -- give script to the shell */
error = exec_comm (comm, word, word_length, max_length, flags,
pwordexp, ifs, ifs_white);
free (comm);
if (comm)
{
error = exec_comm (comm, word, word_length, max_length,
flags, pwordexp, ifs, ifs_white);
free (comm);
}
return error;
}
/* This is just part of the script */
comm = w_addchar (comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen, words[*offset]);
if (comm == NULL)
return WRDE_NOSPACE;
break;
case '(':
++paren_depth;
default:
comm = w_addchar (comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen, words[*offset]);
if (comm == NULL)
return WRDE_NOSPACE;
break;
if (!quoted)
++paren_depth;
}
comm = w_addchar (comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen, words[*offset]);
if (comm == NULL)
return WRDE_NOSPACE;
}
/* Premature end */
free (comm);
if (comm)
free (comm);
return WRDE_SYNTAX;
}
@ -1022,73 +1040,100 @@ parse_param (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
const char *ifs, const char *ifs_white, int quoted)
{
/* We are poised just after "$" */
enum remove_pattern_enum
enum action
{
RP_NONE = 0,
RP_SHORT_LEFT,
RP_LONG_LEFT,
RP_SHORT_RIGHT,
RP_LONG_RIGHT
ACT_NONE,
ACT_RP_SHORT_LEFT = '#',
ACT_RP_LONG_LEFT = 'L',
ACT_RP_SHORT_RIGHT = '%',
ACT_RP_LONG_RIGHT = 'R',
ACT_NULL_ERROR = '?',
ACT_NULL_SUBST = '-',
ACT_NONNULL_SUBST = '+',
ACT_NULL_ASSIGN = '='
};
size_t start = *offset;
size_t env_length = 0;
size_t env_maxlen = 0;
size_t pat_length = 0;
size_t pat_maxlen = 0;
size_t start = *offset;
char *env = NULL;
char *pattern = NULL;
char *value = NULL;
char action = '\0';
enum remove_pattern_enum remove = RP_NONE;
int colon_seen = 0;
enum action action = ACT_NONE;
int depth = 0;
int colon_seen = 0;
int seen_hash = 0;
int free_value = 0;
int pattern_is_quoted = 0; /* 1 for singly-quoted, 2 for doubly-quoted */
int error;
int brace = words[*offset] == '{';
if (brace)
++*offset;
for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
{
switch (words[*offset])
{
case '{':
++depth;
int special;
if (action != '\0' || remove != RP_NONE)
if (action != ACT_NONE)
{
switch (words[*offset])
{
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
case '{':
if (!pattern_is_quoted)
++depth;
break;
case '}':
if (!pattern_is_quoted)
{
if (depth == 0)
goto envsubst;
--depth;
}
break;
case '\\':
if (!pattern_is_quoted && words[++*offset] == '\0')
goto syntax;
break;
case '\'':
if (pattern_is_quoted == 0)
pattern_is_quoted = 1;
else if (pattern_is_quoted == 1)
pattern_is_quoted = 0;
break;
case '"':
if (pattern_is_quoted == 0)
pattern_is_quoted = 2;
else if (pattern_is_quoted == 2)
pattern_is_quoted = 0;
break;
}
if (*offset == start)
break;
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
/* Otherwise evaluate */
/* (and re-parse this character) */
--(*offset);
goto envsubst;
continue;
}
switch (words[*offset])
{
case '}':
if (words[start] != '{')
--(*offset);
if (!brace)
goto end_of_word;
if (action != '\0' || remove != RP_NONE)
{
if (--depth)
{
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
if (env == NULL)
goto syntax;
break;
}
}
/* Evaluate */
/* Evaluate. */
goto envsubst;
case '#':
@ -1100,173 +1145,104 @@ parse_param (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
goto envsubst;
}
if (words[start] != '{')
{
/* Evaluate */
/* (and re-parse this character) */
--(*offset);
goto envsubst;
}
if (!brace)
/* Evaluate */
/* (and re-parse this character) */
goto end_of_word;
/* At the start? (i.e. 'string length') */
if (*offset == start + 1)
if (env == NULL)
{
seen_hash = 1;
break;
continue;
}
else if (seen_hash)
goto syntax;
/* Separating variable name from prefix pattern? */
if (remove == RP_NONE)
action = ACT_RP_SHORT_LEFT;
if (words[1 + *offset] == '#')
{
remove = RP_SHORT_LEFT;
break;
}
else if (remove == RP_SHORT_LEFT)
{
remove = RP_LONG_LEFT;
break;
++*offset;
action = ACT_RP_LONG_LEFT;
}
/* Must be part of prefix/suffix pattern. */
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
break;
continue;
case '%':
if (!env || !*env)
goto syntax;
if (!brace)
/* Re-parse this character after substitution */
goto end_of_word;
/* Separating variable name from suffix pattern? */
if (remove == RP_NONE)
{
remove = RP_SHORT_RIGHT;
break;
}
else if (remove == RP_SHORT_RIGHT)
{
remove = RP_LONG_RIGHT;
break;
}
/* Must be part of prefix/suffix pattern. */
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
break;
case ':':
if (!env || !*env)
goto syntax;
if (action != '\0' || remove != RP_NONE)
{
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
break;
}
if ((words[1 + *offset] == '-') || (words[1 + *offset] == '=')
|| (words[1 + *offset] == '?') || (words[1 + *offset] == '+'))
{
colon_seen = 1;
break;
}
goto syntax;
case '-':
case '=':
case '?':
case '+':
if (!env || !*env)
goto syntax;
if (seen_hash)
goto syntax;
if (action != '\0' || remove != RP_NONE)
action = ACT_RP_SHORT_RIGHT;
if (words[1 + *offset] == '%')
{
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
break;
++*offset;
action = ACT_RP_LONG_RIGHT;
}
continue;
case ':':
if (!brace)
goto end_of_word;
if (!env || !*env)
goto syntax;
if (seen_hash)
goto syntax;
if (words[1 + *offset] != '-' && words[1 + *offset] != '='
&& words[1 + *offset] != '?' && words[1 + *offset] != '+')
goto syntax;
colon_seen = 1;
action = words[++*offset];
continue;
case '-':
case '=':
case '?':
case '+':
if (!brace)
goto end_of_word;
if (!env || !*env)
goto syntax;
action = words[*offset];
break;
continue;
}
case '\\':
if (action != '\0' || remove != RP_NONE)
{
/* Um. Is this right? */
error = parse_qtd_backslash (word, word_length, max_length,
words, offset);
if (error == 0)
break;
}
else
{
error = WRDE_SYNTAX;
}
special = (strchr ("*@$", words[*offset]) != NULL
|| isdigit (words[*offset]));
if (env)
free (env);
if (!isalpha (words[*offset]) && !special)
/* Stop and evaluate, remembering char we stopped at */
break;
if (pattern != NULL)
free (pattern);
env = w_addchar (env, &env_length, &env_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (env == NULL)
goto no_space;
return error;
default:
if (action != '\0' || remove != RP_NONE)
{
pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (pattern == NULL)
goto no_space;
break;
}
else
{
int special = (strchr ("*@$", words[*offset]) != NULL
|| isdigit (words[*offset]));
if (isalpha (words[*offset]) || special)
{
env = w_addchar (env, &env_length, &env_maxlen,
words[*offset]);
if (env == NULL)
goto no_space;
if (special && words[start] != '{')
goto envsubst;
/* Keep going (get next char) */
break;
}
/* Stop and evaluate, remembering char we stopped at */
--(*offset);
goto envsubst;
}
if (special)
{
if (brace)
++*offset;
goto envsubst;
}
}
/* End of input string -- remember to reparse the character that we stopped
* at. */
end_of_word:
--(*offset);
envsubst:
@ -1381,53 +1357,39 @@ envsubst:
free (env);
/* Each parameter is a separate word ("$@") */
if (__libc_argv[0] == NULL)
{
/* This can happen if the application is started without any
parameter, not even a name. This is legal according to
POSIX since the giving parameters is only a "should" rule. */
*word = __strdup ("");
*max_length = *word_length = 0;
}
else
if (__libc_argv[0] != NULL && __libc_argv[1] != NULL)
{
/* Append first parameter to current word. */
int p;
for (p = 1; __libc_argv[p + 1]; p++)
*word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, __libc_argv[1]);
if (*word == NULL)
return WRDE_NOSPACE;
for (p = 1; __libc_argv[p]; p++)
{
char *copy = __strdup (__libc_argv[p]);
if (copy == NULL)
if (w_addword (pwordexp, *word))
return WRDE_NOSPACE;
error = w_addword (pwordexp, copy);
if (error)
{
free (copy);
return error;
}
}
/* Last parameter becomes current word */
if (__libc_argv[p])
{
*word = __strdup (__libc_argv[p]);
*max_length = *word_length = strlen (*word);
if (*word == NULL)
return WRDE_NOSPACE;
*max_length = *word_length = strlen (*word);
}
}
return 0;
}
value = getenv (env);
if (action != '\0' || remove != RP_NONE)
if (action != ACT_NONE)
{
switch (action)
{
case 0:
case ACT_RP_SHORT_LEFT:
case ACT_RP_LONG_LEFT:
case ACT_RP_SHORT_RIGHT:
case ACT_RP_LONG_RIGHT:
{
char *p;
char c;
@ -1441,9 +1403,9 @@ envsubst:
if (value == NULL)
break;
switch (remove)
switch (action)
{
case RP_SHORT_LEFT:
case ACT_RP_SHORT_LEFT:
for (p = value; p <= end; ++p)
{
c = *p;
@ -1459,7 +1421,7 @@ envsubst:
break;
case RP_LONG_LEFT:
case ACT_RP_LONG_LEFT:
for (p = end; p >= value; --p)
{
c = *p;
@ -1475,7 +1437,7 @@ envsubst:
break;
case RP_SHORT_RIGHT:
case ACT_RP_SHORT_RIGHT:
for (p = end; p >= value; --p)
{
if (fnmatch (pattern, p, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH)
@ -1487,7 +1449,7 @@ envsubst:
break;
case RP_LONG_RIGHT:
case ACT_RP_LONG_RIGHT:
for (p = value; p <= end; ++p)
{
if (fnmatch (pattern, p, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH)
@ -1500,13 +1462,13 @@ envsubst:
break;
default:
assert (! "Unexpected `remove' value\n");
break;
}
break;
}
case '?':
case ACT_NULL_ERROR:
if (value && *value)
/* Substitute parameter */
break;
@ -1519,9 +1481,6 @@ envsubst:
return 0;
}
/* Error - exit */
fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", env);
if (*pattern)
{
/* Expand 'pattern' and write it to stderr */
@ -1533,9 +1492,11 @@ envsubst:
{
int i;
fprintf (stderr, "%s:", env);
for (i = 0; i < we.we_wordc; ++i)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s%s", i ? " " : "", we.we_wordv[i]);
fprintf (stderr, " %s", we.we_wordv[i]);
}
fprintf (stderr, "\n");
@ -1548,12 +1509,12 @@ envsubst:
return error;
}
fprintf (stderr, "parameter null or not set\n");
fprintf (stderr, "%s: parameter null or not set\n", env);
free (env);
free (pattern);
return WRDE_BADVAL;
case '-':
case ACT_NULL_SUBST:
if (value && *value)
/* Substitute parameter */
break;
@ -1577,11 +1538,15 @@ envsubst:
/* No field-splitting is allowed, so imagine
quotes around the word. */
char *qtd_pattern = malloc (3 + strlen (pattern));
sprintf (qtd_pattern, "\"%s\"", pattern);
if (qtd_pattern)
sprintf (qtd_pattern, "\"%s\"", pattern);
free (pattern);
pattern = qtd_pattern;
}
if (pattern == NULL && (pattern = __strdup("")) == NULL)
goto no_space;
error = wordexp (pattern, &we, flags);
if (error)
{
@ -1606,7 +1571,7 @@ envsubst:
goto no_space;
}
if (action == '=')
if (action == ACT_NULL_ASSIGN)
{
char *words;
char *cp;
@ -1634,7 +1599,7 @@ envsubst:
return 0;
}
case '+':
case ACT_NONNULL_SUBST:
if (value && *value)
goto subst_word;
@ -1646,7 +1611,7 @@ envsubst:
free (pattern);
return 0;
case '=':
case ACT_NULL_ASSIGN:
if (value && *value)
/* Substitute parameter */
break;
@ -1818,8 +1783,17 @@ parse_dollars (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
{
/* Differentiate between $((1+3)) and $((echo);(ls)) */
int i = 3 + *offset;
while (words[i] && words[i] != ')')
++i;
int depth = 0;
while (words[i] && !(depth == 0 && words[i] == ')'))
{
if (words[i] == '(')
++depth;
else if (words[i] == ')')
--depth;
++i;
}
if (words[i] == ')' && words[i + 1] == ')')
{
(*offset) += 3;