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glibc/nptl/perf.c

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/* Copyright (C) 2002, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
Contributed by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>, 2002.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA. */
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#include <argp.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifndef MAX_THREADS
# define MAX_THREADS 100000
#endif
#ifndef DEFAULT_THREADS
# define DEFAULT_THREADS 50
#endif
#define OPT_TO_THREAD 300
#define OPT_TO_PROCESS 301
#define OPT_SYNC_SIGNAL 302
#define OPT_SYNC_JOIN 303
#define OPT_TOPLEVEL 304
static const struct argp_option options[] =
{
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
This is a test for threads so we allow ther user to selection the number of \
threads which are used at any one time. Independently the total number of \
rounds can be selected. This is the total number of threads which will have \
run when the process terminates:" },
{ "threads", 't', "NUMBER", 0, "Number of threads used at once" },
{ "starts", 's', "NUMBER", 0, "Total number of working threads" },
{ "toplevel", OPT_TOPLEVEL, "NUMBER", 0,
"Number of toplevel threads which start the other threads; this \
implies --sync-join" },
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
Each thread can do one of two things: sleep or do work. The latter is 100% \
CPU bound. The work load is the probability a thread does work. All values \
from zero to 100 (inclusive) are valid. How often each thread repeats this \
can be determined by the number of rounds. The work cost determines how long \
each work session (not sleeping) takes. If it is zero a thread would \
effectively nothing. By setting the number of rounds to zero the thread \
does no work at all and pure thread creation times can be measured." },
{ "workload", 'w', "PERCENT", 0, "Percentage of time spent working" },
{ "workcost", 'c', "NUMBER", 0,
"Factor in the cost of each round of working" },
{ "rounds", 'r', "NUMBER", 0, "Number of rounds each thread runs" },
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
There are a number of different methods how thread creation can be \
synchronized. Synchronization is necessary since the number of concurrently \
running threads is limited." },
{ "sync-signal", OPT_SYNC_SIGNAL, NULL, 0,
"Synchronize using a signal (default)" },
{ "sync-join", OPT_SYNC_JOIN, NULL, 0, "Synchronize using pthread_join" },
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "\
One parameter for each threads execution is the size of the stack. If this \
parameter is not used the system's default stack size is used. If many \
threads are used the stack size should be chosen quite small." },
{ "stacksize", 'S', "BYTES", 0, "Size of threads stack" },
{ "guardsize", 'g', "BYTES", 0,
"Size of stack guard area; must fit into the stack" },
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "Signal options:" },
{ "to-thread", OPT_TO_THREAD, NULL, 0, "Send signal to main thread" },
{ "to-process", OPT_TO_PROCESS, NULL, 0,
"Send signal to process (default)" },
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0, "Administrative options:" },
{ "progress", 'p', NULL, 0, "Show signs of progress" },
{ "timing", 'T', NULL, 0,
"Measure time from startup to the last thread finishing" },
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL }
};
/* Prototype for option handler. */
static error_t parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state);
/* Data structure to communicate with argp functions. */
static struct argp argp =
{
options, parse_opt
};
static unsigned long int threads = DEFAULT_THREADS;
static unsigned long int workload = 75;
static unsigned long int workcost = 20;
static unsigned long int rounds = 10;
static long int starts = 5000;
static unsigned long int stacksize;
static long int guardsize = -1;
static bool progress;
static bool timing;
static bool to_thread;
static unsigned long int toplevel = 1;
static long int running;
static pthread_mutex_t running_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static pid_t pid;
static pthread_t tmain;
static clockid_t cl;
static struct timespec start_time;
static pthread_mutex_t sum_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
unsigned int sum;
static enum
{
sync_signal,
sync_join
}
sync_method;
/* We use 64bit values for the times. */
typedef unsigned long long int hp_timing_t;
/* Attributes for all created threads. */
static pthread_attr_t attr;
static void *
work (void *arg)
{
unsigned long int i;
unsigned int state = (unsigned long int) arg;
for (i = 0; i < rounds; ++i)
{
/* Determine what to do. */
unsigned int rnum;
/* Uniform distribution. */
do
rnum = rand_r (&state);
while (rnum >= UINT_MAX - (UINT_MAX % 100));
rnum %= 100;
if (rnum < workload)
{
int j;
int a[4] = { i, rnum, i + rnum, rnum - i };
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "c", 1);
for (j = 0; j < workcost; ++j)
{
a[0] += a[3] >> 12;
a[1] += a[2] >> 20;
a[2] += a[1] ^ 0x3423423;
a[3] += a[0] - a[1];
}
pthread_mutex_lock (&sum_mutex);
sum += a[0] + a[1] + a[2] + a[3];
pthread_mutex_unlock (&sum_mutex);
}
else
{
/* Just sleep. */
struct timespec tv;
tv.tv_sec = 0;
tv.tv_nsec = 10000000;
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "w", 1);
nanosleep (&tv, NULL);
}
}
return NULL;
}
static void *
thread_function (void *arg)
{
work (arg);
pthread_mutex_lock (&running_mutex);
if (--running <= 0 && starts <= 0)
{
/* We are done. */
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1);
if (timing)
{
struct timespec end_time;
if (clock_gettime (cl, &end_time) == 0)
{
end_time.tv_sec -= start_time.tv_sec;
end_time.tv_nsec -= start_time.tv_nsec;
if (end_time.tv_nsec < 0)
{
end_time.tv_nsec += 1000000000;
--end_time.tv_sec;
}
printf ("\nRuntime: %lu.%09lu seconds\n",
(unsigned long int) end_time.tv_sec,
(unsigned long int) end_time.tv_nsec);
}
}
printf ("Result: %08x\n", sum);
exit (0);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock (&running_mutex);
if (sync_method == sync_signal)
{
if (to_thread)
/* This code sends a signal to the main thread. */
pthread_kill (tmain, SIGUSR1);
else
/* Use this code to test sending a signal to the process. */
kill (pid, SIGUSR1);
}
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "f", 1);
return NULL;
}
struct start_info
{
unsigned int starts;
unsigned int threads;
};
static void *
start_threads (void *arg)
{
struct start_info *si = arg;
unsigned int starts = si->starts;
pthread_t ths[si->threads];
unsigned int state = starts;
unsigned int n;
unsigned int i = 0;
int err;
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "T", 1);
memset (ths, '\0', sizeof (pthread_t) * si->threads);
while (starts-- > 0)
{
if (ths[i] != 0)
{
/* Wait for the threads in the order they were created. */
err = pthread_join (ths[i], NULL);
if (err != 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot join thread");
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "f", 1);
}
err = pthread_create (&ths[i], &attr, work,
(void *) (long) (rand_r (&state) + starts + i));
if (err != 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot start thread");
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "t", 1);
if (++i == si->threads)
i = 0;
}
n = i;
do
{
if (ths[i] != 0)
{
err = pthread_join (ths[i], NULL);
if (err != 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot join thread");
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "f", 1);
}
if (++i == si->threads)
i = 0;
}
while (i != n);
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "F", 1);
return NULL;
}
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int remaining;
sigset_t ss;
pthread_t th;
pthread_t *ths = NULL;
int empty = 0;
int last;
bool cont = true;
/* Parse and process arguments. */
argp_parse (&argp, argc, argv, 0, &remaining, NULL);
if (sync_method == sync_join)
{
ths = (pthread_t *) calloc (threads, sizeof (pthread_t));
if (ths == NULL)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno,
"cannot allocate memory for thread descriptor array");
last = threads;
}
else
{
ths = &th;
last = 1;
}
if (toplevel > threads)
{
printf ("resetting number of toplevel threads to %lu to not surpass number to concurrent threads\n",
threads);
toplevel = threads;
}
if (timing)
{
if (clock_getcpuclockid (0, &cl) != 0
|| clock_gettime (cl, &start_time) != 0)
timing = false;
}
/* We need this later. */
pid = getpid ();
tmain = pthread_self ();
/* We use signal SIGUSR1 for communication between the threads and
the main thread. We only want sychronous notification. */
if (sync_method == sync_signal)
{
sigemptyset (&ss);
sigaddset (&ss, SIGUSR1);
if (sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &ss, NULL) != 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "cannot set signal mask");
}
/* Create the thread attributes. */
pthread_attr_init (&attr);
/* If the user provided a stack size use it. */
if (stacksize != 0
&& pthread_attr_setstacksize (&attr, stacksize) != 0)
puts ("could not set stack size; will use default");
/* And stack guard size. */
if (guardsize != -1
&& pthread_attr_setguardsize (&attr, guardsize) != 0)
puts ("invalid stack guard size; will use default");
/* All threads are created detached if we are not using pthread_join
to synchronize. */
if (sync_method != sync_join)
pthread_attr_setdetachstate (&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
if (sync_method == sync_signal)
{
while (1)
{
int err;
bool do_wait = false;
pthread_mutex_lock (&running_mutex);
if (starts-- < 0)
cont = false;
else
do_wait = ++running >= threads && starts > 0;
pthread_mutex_unlock (&running_mutex);
if (! cont)
break;
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "t", 1);
err = pthread_create (&ths[empty], &attr, thread_function,
(void *) starts);
if (err != 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot start thread %lu", starts);
if (++empty == last)
empty = 0;
if (do_wait)
sigwaitinfo (&ss, NULL);
}
/* Do nothing anymore. On of the threads will terminate the program. */
sigfillset (&ss);
sigdelset (&ss, SIGINT);
while (1)
sigsuspend (&ss);
}
else
{
pthread_t ths[toplevel];
struct start_info si[toplevel];
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < toplevel; ++i)
{
unsigned int child_starts = starts / (toplevel - i);
unsigned int child_threads = threads / (toplevel - i);
int err;
si[i].starts = child_starts;
si[i].threads = child_threads;
err = pthread_create (&ths[i], &attr, start_threads, &si[i]);
if (err != 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot start thread");
starts -= child_starts;
threads -= child_threads;
}
for (i = 0; i < toplevel; ++i)
{
int err = pthread_join (ths[i], NULL);
if (err != 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, err, "cannot join thread");
}
/* We are done. */
if (progress)
write (STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1);
if (timing)
{
struct timespec end_time;
if (clock_gettime (cl, &end_time) == 0)
{
end_time.tv_sec -= start_time.tv_sec;
end_time.tv_nsec -= start_time.tv_nsec;
if (end_time.tv_nsec < 0)
{
end_time.tv_nsec += 1000000000;
--end_time.tv_sec;
}
printf ("\nRuntime: %lu.%09lu seconds\n",
(unsigned long int) end_time.tv_sec,
(unsigned long int) end_time.tv_nsec);
}
}
printf ("Result: %08x\n", sum);
exit (0);
}
/* NOTREACHED */
return 0;
}
/* Handle program arguments. */
static error_t
parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
{
unsigned long int num;
long int snum;
switch (key)
{
case 't':
num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
if (num <= MAX_THREADS)
threads = num;
else
printf ("\
number of threads limited to %u; recompile with a higher limit if necessary",
MAX_THREADS);
break;
case 'w':
num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
if (num <= 100)
workload = num;
else
puts ("workload must be between 0 and 100 percent");
break;
case 'c':
workcost = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 'r':
rounds = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 's':
starts = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 'S':
num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
if (num >= PTHREAD_STACK_MIN)
stacksize = num;
else
printf ("minimum stack size is %d\n", PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);
break;
case 'g':
snum = strtol (arg, NULL, 0);
if (snum < 0)
printf ("invalid guard size %s\n", arg);
else
guardsize = snum;
break;
case 'p':
progress = true;
break;
case 'T':
timing = true;
break;
case OPT_TO_THREAD:
to_thread = true;
break;
case OPT_TO_PROCESS:
to_thread = false;
break;
case OPT_SYNC_SIGNAL:
sync_method = sync_signal;
break;
case OPT_SYNC_JOIN:
sync_method = sync_join;
break;
case OPT_TOPLEVEL:
num = strtoul (arg, NULL, 0);
if (num < MAX_THREADS)
toplevel = num;
else
printf ("\
number of threads limited to %u; recompile with a higher limit if necessary",
MAX_THREADS);
sync_method = sync_join;
break;
default:
return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN;
}
return 0;
}
static hp_timing_t
get_clockfreq (void)
{
/* We read the information from the /proc filesystem. It contains at
least one line like
cpu MHz : 497.840237
or also
cpu MHz : 497.841
We search for this line and convert the number in an integer. */
static hp_timing_t result;
int fd;
/* If this function was called before, we know the result. */
if (result != 0)
return result;
fd = open ("/proc/cpuinfo", O_RDONLY);
if (__builtin_expect (fd != -1, 1))
{
/* XXX AFAIK the /proc filesystem can generate "files" only up
to a size of 4096 bytes. */
char buf[4096];
ssize_t n;
n = read (fd, buf, sizeof buf);
if (__builtin_expect (n, 1) > 0)
{
char *mhz = memmem (buf, n, "cpu MHz", 7);
if (__builtin_expect (mhz != NULL, 1))
{
char *endp = buf + n;
int seen_decpoint = 0;
int ndigits = 0;
/* Search for the beginning of the string. */
while (mhz < endp && (*mhz < '0' || *mhz > '9') && *mhz != '\n')
++mhz;
while (mhz < endp && *mhz != '\n')
{
if (*mhz >= '0' && *mhz <= '9')
{
result *= 10;
result += *mhz - '0';
if (seen_decpoint)
++ndigits;
}
else if (*mhz == '.')
seen_decpoint = 1;
++mhz;
}
/* Compensate for missing digits at the end. */
while (ndigits++ < 6)
result *= 10;
}
}
close (fd);
}
return result;
}
int
clock_getcpuclockid (pid_t pid, clockid_t *clock_id)
{
/* We don't allow any process ID but our own. */
if (pid != 0 && pid != getpid ())
return EPERM;
#ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
/* Store the number. */
*clock_id = CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID;
return 0;
#else
/* We don't have a timer for that. */
return ENOENT;
#endif
}
#ifdef i386
#define HP_TIMING_NOW(Var) __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (Var))
#elif defined __x86_64__
# define HP_TIMING_NOW(Var) \
({ unsigned int _hi, _lo; \
asm volatile ("rdtsc" : "=a" (_lo), "=d" (_hi)); \
(Var) = ((unsigned long long int) _hi << 32) | _lo; })
#elif defined __ia64__
#define HP_TIMING_NOW(Var) __asm__ __volatile__ ("mov %0=ar.itc" : "=r" (Var) : : "memory")
#else
#error "HP_TIMING_NOW missing"
#endif
/* Get current value of CLOCK and store it in TP. */
int
clock_gettime (clockid_t clock_id, struct timespec *tp)
{
int retval = -1;
switch (clock_id)
{
case CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID:
{
static hp_timing_t freq;
hp_timing_t tsc;
/* Get the current counter. */
HP_TIMING_NOW (tsc);
if (freq == 0)
{
freq = get_clockfreq ();
if (freq == 0)
return EINVAL;
}
/* Compute the seconds. */
tp->tv_sec = tsc / freq;
/* And the nanoseconds. This computation should be stable until
we get machines with about 16GHz frequency. */
tp->tv_nsec = ((tsc % freq) * UINT64_C (1000000000)) / freq;
retval = 0;
}
break;
default:
errno = EINVAL;
break;
}
return retval;
}
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