80ec4993cc
2000-07-19 Kaz Kylheku <kaz@ashi.footprints.net> Bugfixes to the variant of the code for machines with no compare and swap. * spinlock.c (__pthread_alt_lock, __pthread_alt_timedlock): Wait node was not being properly enqueued, due to failing to update the lock->__status field. * spinlock.c (__pthread_alt_timedlock): The oldstatus variable was being set inappropriately, causing the suspend function to be called with a null self pointer and crash.
722 lines
20 KiB
C
722 lines
20 KiB
C
/* Linuxthreads - a simple clone()-based implementation of Posix */
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/* threads for Linux. */
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/* Copyright (C) 1998 Xavier Leroy (Xavier.Leroy@inria.fr) */
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/* */
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/* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or */
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/* modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License */
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/* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 */
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/* of the License, or (at your option) any later version. */
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/* */
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/* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, */
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/* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of */
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/* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the */
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/* GNU Library General Public License for more details. */
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/* Internal locks */
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#include <errno.h>
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#include <sched.h>
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#include <time.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <limits.h>
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#include "pthread.h"
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#include "internals.h"
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#include "spinlock.h"
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#include "restart.h"
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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static void __pthread_acquire(int * spinlock);
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#endif
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/* The status field of a spinlock is a pointer whose least significant
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bit is a locked flag.
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Thus the field values have the following meanings:
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status == 0: spinlock is free
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status == 1: spinlock is taken; no thread is waiting on it
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(status & 1) == 1: spinlock is taken and (status & ~1L) is a
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pointer to the first waiting thread; other
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waiting threads are linked via the p_nextlock
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field.
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(status & 1) == 0: same as above, but spinlock is not taken.
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The waiting list is not sorted by priority order.
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Actually, we always insert at top of list (sole insertion mode
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that can be performed without locking).
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For __pthread_unlock, we perform a linear search in the list
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to find the highest-priority, oldest waiting thread.
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This is safe because there are no concurrent __pthread_unlock
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operations -- only the thread that locked the mutex can unlock it. */
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void internal_function __pthread_lock(struct _pthread_fastlock * lock,
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pthread_descr self)
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{
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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long oldstatus, newstatus;
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int successful_seizure, spurious_wakeup_count = 0;
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int spin_count = 0;
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#endif
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#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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if (!__pthread_has_cas)
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#endif
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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{
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__pthread_acquire(&lock->__spinlock);
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return;
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}
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#endif
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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again:
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/* On SMP, try spinning to get the lock. */
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if (__pthread_smp_kernel) {
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int max_count = lock->__spinlock * 2 + 10;
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for (spin_count = 0; spin_count < max_count; spin_count++) {
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if (((oldstatus = lock->__status) & 1) == 0) {
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if(__compare_and_swap(&lock->__status, oldstatus, oldstatus | 1))
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{
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if (spin_count)
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lock->__spinlock += (spin_count - lock->__spinlock) / 8;
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return;
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}
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}
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}
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lock->__spinlock += (spin_count - lock->__spinlock) / 8;
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}
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/* No luck, try once more or suspend. */
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do {
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oldstatus = lock->__status;
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successful_seizure = 0;
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if ((oldstatus & 1) == 0) {
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newstatus = oldstatus | 1;
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successful_seizure = 1;
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} else {
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if (self == NULL)
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self = thread_self();
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newstatus = (long) self | 1;
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}
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if (self != NULL) {
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THREAD_SETMEM(self, p_nextlock, (pthread_descr) (oldstatus & ~1L));
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/* Make sure the store in p_nextlock completes before performing
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the compare-and-swap */
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MEMORY_BARRIER();
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}
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} while(! __compare_and_swap(&lock->__status, oldstatus, newstatus));
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/* Suspend with guard against spurious wakeup.
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This can happen in pthread_cond_timedwait_relative, when the thread
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wakes up due to timeout and is still on the condvar queue, and then
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locks the queue to remove itself. At that point it may still be on the
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queue, and may be resumed by a condition signal. */
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if (!successful_seizure) {
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for (;;) {
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suspend(self);
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if (self->p_nextlock != NULL) {
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/* Count resumes that don't belong to us. */
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spurious_wakeup_count++;
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continue;
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}
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break;
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}
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goto again;
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}
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/* Put back any resumes we caught that don't belong to us. */
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while (spurious_wakeup_count--)
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restart(self);
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#endif
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}
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int __pthread_unlock(struct _pthread_fastlock * lock)
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{
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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long oldstatus;
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pthread_descr thr, * ptr, * maxptr;
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int maxprio;
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#endif
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#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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if (!__pthread_has_cas)
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#endif
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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{
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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lock->__spinlock = 0;
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return 0;
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}
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#endif
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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again:
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oldstatus = lock->__status;
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while ((oldstatus = lock->__status) == 1) {
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if (__compare_and_swap_with_release_semantics(&lock->__status,
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oldstatus, 0))
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return 0;
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}
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/* Find thread in waiting queue with maximal priority */
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ptr = (pthread_descr *) &lock->__status;
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thr = (pthread_descr) (oldstatus & ~1L);
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maxprio = 0;
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maxptr = ptr;
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while (thr != 0) {
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if (thr->p_priority >= maxprio) {
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maxptr = ptr;
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maxprio = thr->p_priority;
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}
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ptr = &(thr->p_nextlock);
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/* Prevent reordering of the load of lock->__status above and the
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load of *ptr below, as well as reordering of *ptr between
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several iterations of the while loop. Some processors (e.g.
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multiprocessor Alphas) could perform such reordering even though
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the loads are dependent. */
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READ_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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thr = *ptr;
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}
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/* Prevent reordering of the load of lock->__status above and
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thr->p_nextlock below */
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READ_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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/* Remove max prio thread from waiting list. */
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if (maxptr == (pthread_descr *) &lock->__status) {
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/* If max prio thread is at head, remove it with compare-and-swap
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to guard against concurrent lock operation. This removal
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also has the side effect of marking the lock as released
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because the new status comes from thr->p_nextlock whose
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least significant bit is clear. */
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thr = (pthread_descr) (oldstatus & ~1L);
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if (! __compare_and_swap_with_release_semantics
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(&lock->__status, oldstatus, (long)(thr->p_nextlock)))
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goto again;
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} else {
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/* No risk of concurrent access, remove max prio thread normally.
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But in this case we must also flip the least significant bit
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of the status to mark the lock as released. */
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thr = *maxptr;
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*maxptr = thr->p_nextlock;
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do {
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oldstatus = lock->__status;
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} while (!__compare_and_swap_with_release_semantics(&lock->__status,
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oldstatus, oldstatus & ~1L));
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}
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/* Prevent reordering of store to *maxptr above and store to thr->p_nextlock
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below */
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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/* Wake up the selected waiting thread */
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thr->p_nextlock = NULL;
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restart(thr);
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return 0;
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#endif
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}
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/*
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* Alternate fastlocks do not queue threads directly. Instead, they queue
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* these wait queue node structures. When a timed wait wakes up due to
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* a timeout, it can leave its wait node in the queue (because there
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* is no safe way to remove from the quue). Some other thread will
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* deallocate the abandoned node.
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*/
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struct wait_node {
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struct wait_node *next; /* Next node in null terminated linked list */
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pthread_descr thr; /* The thread waiting with this node */
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int abandoned; /* Atomic flag */
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};
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static long wait_node_free_list;
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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static int wait_node_free_list_spinlock;
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#endif
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/* Allocate a new node from the head of the free list using an atomic
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operation, or else using malloc if that list is empty. A fundamental
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assumption here is that we can safely access wait_node_free_list->next.
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That's because we never free nodes once we allocate them, so a pointer to a
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node remains valid indefinitely. */
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static struct wait_node *wait_node_alloc(void)
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{
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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long oldvalue, newvalue;
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#endif
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#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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if (!__pthread_has_cas)
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#endif
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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{
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struct wait_node *new_node = 0;
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__pthread_acquire(&wait_node_free_list_spinlock);
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if (wait_node_free_list != 0) {
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new_node = (struct wait_node *) wait_node_free_list;
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wait_node_free_list = (long) new_node->next;
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}
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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wait_node_free_list_spinlock = 0;
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if (new_node == 0)
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return malloc(sizeof *wait_node_alloc());
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return new_node;
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}
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#endif
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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do {
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oldvalue = wait_node_free_list;
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if (oldvalue == 0)
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return malloc(sizeof *wait_node_alloc());
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newvalue = (long) ((struct wait_node *) oldvalue)->next;
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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} while (! __compare_and_swap(&wait_node_free_list, oldvalue, newvalue));
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return (struct wait_node *) oldvalue;
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#endif
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}
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/* Return a node to the head of the free list using an atomic
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operation. */
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static void wait_node_free(struct wait_node *wn)
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{
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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long oldvalue, newvalue;
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#endif
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#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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if (!__pthread_has_cas)
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#endif
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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{
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__pthread_acquire(&wait_node_free_list_spinlock);
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wn->next = (struct wait_node *) wait_node_free_list;
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wait_node_free_list = (long) wn;
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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wait_node_free_list_spinlock = 0;
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return;
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}
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#endif
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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do {
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oldvalue = wait_node_free_list;
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wn->next = (struct wait_node *) oldvalue;
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newvalue = (long) wn;
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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} while (! __compare_and_swap(&wait_node_free_list, oldvalue, newvalue));
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#endif
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}
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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/* Remove a wait node from the specified queue. It is assumed
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that the removal takes place concurrently with only atomic insertions at the
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head of the queue. */
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static void wait_node_dequeue(struct wait_node **pp_head,
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struct wait_node **pp_node,
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struct wait_node *p_node)
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{
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/* If the node is being deleted from the head of the
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list, it must be deleted using atomic compare-and-swap.
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Otherwise it can be deleted in the straightforward way. */
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if (pp_node == pp_head) {
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long oldvalue = (long) p_node;
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long newvalue = (long) p_node->next;
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if (__compare_and_swap((long *) pp_node, oldvalue, newvalue))
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return;
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/* Oops! Compare and swap failed, which means the node is
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no longer first. We delete it using the ordinary method. But we don't
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know the identity of the node which now holds the pointer to the node
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being deleted, so we must search from the beginning. */
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for (pp_node = pp_head; *pp_node != p_node; pp_node = &(*pp_node)->next)
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; /* null body */
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}
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*pp_node = p_node->next;
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return;
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}
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#endif
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void __pthread_alt_lock(struct _pthread_fastlock * lock,
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pthread_descr self)
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{
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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long oldstatus, newstatus;
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#endif
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struct wait_node wait_node;
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#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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if (!__pthread_has_cas)
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#endif
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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{
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int suspend_needed = 0;
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__pthread_acquire(&lock->__spinlock);
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if (lock->__status == 0)
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lock->__status = 1;
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else {
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if (self == NULL)
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self = thread_self();
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wait_node.abandoned = 0;
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wait_node.next = (struct wait_node *) lock->__status;
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wait_node.thr = self;
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lock->__status = (long) &wait_node;
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suspend_needed = 1;
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}
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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lock->__spinlock = 0;
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if (suspend_needed)
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suspend (self);
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return;
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}
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#endif
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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do {
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oldstatus = lock->__status;
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if (oldstatus == 0) {
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newstatus = 1;
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} else {
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if (self == NULL)
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self = thread_self();
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wait_node.thr = self;
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newstatus = (long) &wait_node;
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}
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wait_node.abandoned = 0;
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wait_node.next = (struct wait_node *) oldstatus;
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/* Make sure the store in wait_node.next completes before performing
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the compare-and-swap */
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MEMORY_BARRIER();
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} while(! __compare_and_swap(&lock->__status, oldstatus, newstatus));
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/* Suspend. Note that unlike in __pthread_lock, we don't worry
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here about spurious wakeup. That's because this lock is not
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used in situations where that can happen; the restart can
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only come from the previous lock owner. */
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if (oldstatus != 0)
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suspend(self);
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#endif
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}
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/* Timed-out lock operation; returns 0 to indicate timeout. */
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int __pthread_alt_timedlock(struct _pthread_fastlock * lock,
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pthread_descr self, const struct timespec *abstime)
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{
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long oldstatus = 0;
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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long newstatus;
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#endif
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struct wait_node *p_wait_node = wait_node_alloc();
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/* Out of memory, just give up and do ordinary lock. */
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if (p_wait_node == 0) {
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__pthread_alt_lock(lock, self);
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return 1;
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}
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#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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if (!__pthread_has_cas)
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#endif
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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{
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__pthread_acquire(&lock->__spinlock);
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if (lock->__status == 0)
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lock->__status = 1;
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else {
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if (self == NULL)
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self = thread_self();
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p_wait_node->abandoned = 0;
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p_wait_node->next = (struct wait_node *) lock->__status;
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p_wait_node->thr = self;
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lock->__status = (long) p_wait_node;
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oldstatus = 1; /* force suspend */
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}
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WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
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lock->__spinlock = 0;
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goto suspend;
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}
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#endif
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#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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do {
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oldstatus = lock->__status;
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if (oldstatus == 0) {
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newstatus = 1;
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} else {
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if (self == NULL)
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self = thread_self();
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p_wait_node->thr = self;
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newstatus = (long) p_wait_node;
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}
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p_wait_node->abandoned = 0;
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p_wait_node->next = (struct wait_node *) oldstatus;
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/* Make sure the store in wait_node.next completes before performing
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the compare-and-swap */
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MEMORY_BARRIER();
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} while(! __compare_and_swap(&lock->__status, oldstatus, newstatus));
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#endif
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#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
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suspend:
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#endif
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/* If we did not get the lock, do a timed suspend. If we wake up due
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to a timeout, then there is a race; the old lock owner may try
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to remove us from the queue. This race is resolved by us and the owner
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doing an atomic testandset() to change the state of the wait node from 0
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to 1. If we succeed, then it's a timeout and we abandon the node in the
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queue. If we fail, it means the owner gave us the lock. */
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if (oldstatus != 0) {
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if (timedsuspend(self, abstime) == 0) {
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if (!testandset(&p_wait_node->abandoned))
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return 0; /* Timeout! */
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/* Eat oustanding resume from owner, otherwise wait_node_free() below
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will race with owner's wait_node_dequeue(). */
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suspend(self);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
wait_node_free(p_wait_node);
|
|
|
|
return 1; /* Got the lock! */
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void __pthread_alt_unlock(struct _pthread_fastlock *lock)
|
|
{
|
|
struct wait_node *p_node, **pp_node, *p_max_prio, **pp_max_prio;
|
|
struct wait_node ** const pp_head = (struct wait_node **) &lock->__status;
|
|
int maxprio;
|
|
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
if (!__pthread_has_cas)
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
{
|
|
__pthread_acquire(&lock->__spinlock);
|
|
}
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
while (1) {
|
|
|
|
/* If no threads are waiting for this lock, try to just
|
|
atomically release it. */
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
if (!__pthread_has_cas)
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
{
|
|
if (lock->__status == 0 || lock->__status == 1) {
|
|
lock->__status = 0;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
else
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
{
|
|
long oldstatus = lock->__status;
|
|
if (oldstatus == 0 || oldstatus == 1) {
|
|
if (__compare_and_swap_with_release_semantics (&lock->__status, oldstatus, 0))
|
|
break;
|
|
else
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
/* Process the entire queue of wait nodes. Remove all abandoned
|
|
wait nodes and put them into the global free queue, and
|
|
remember the one unabandoned node which refers to the thread
|
|
having the highest priority. */
|
|
|
|
pp_max_prio = pp_node = pp_head;
|
|
p_max_prio = p_node = *pp_head;
|
|
maxprio = INT_MIN;
|
|
|
|
while (p_node != (struct wait_node *) 1) {
|
|
int prio;
|
|
|
|
if (p_node->abandoned) {
|
|
/* Remove abandoned node. */
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
if (!__pthread_has_cas)
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
*pp_node = p_node->next;
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
else
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
wait_node_dequeue(pp_head, pp_node, p_node);
|
|
#endif
|
|
wait_node_free(p_node);
|
|
READ_MEMORY_BARRIER();
|
|
p_node = *pp_node;
|
|
continue;
|
|
} else if ((prio = p_node->thr->p_priority) >= maxprio) {
|
|
/* Otherwise remember it if its thread has a higher or equal priority
|
|
compared to that of any node seen thus far. */
|
|
maxprio = prio;
|
|
pp_max_prio = pp_node;
|
|
p_max_prio = p_node;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
pp_node = &p_node->next;
|
|
READ_MEMORY_BARRIER();
|
|
p_node = *pp_node;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
READ_MEMORY_BARRIER();
|
|
|
|
/* If all threads abandoned, go back to top */
|
|
if (maxprio == INT_MIN)
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
ASSERT (p_max_prio != (struct wait_node *) 1);
|
|
|
|
/* Now we want to to remove the max priority thread's wait node from
|
|
the list. Before we can do this, we must atomically try to change the
|
|
node's abandon state from zero to nonzero. If we succeed, that means we
|
|
have the node that we will wake up. If we failed, then it means the
|
|
thread timed out and abandoned the node in which case we repeat the
|
|
whole unlock operation. */
|
|
|
|
if (!testandset(&p_max_prio->abandoned)) {
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
if (!__pthread_has_cas)
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
*pp_max_prio = p_max_prio->next;
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
else
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
wait_node_dequeue(pp_head, pp_max_prio, p_max_prio);
|
|
#endif
|
|
WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
|
|
restart(p_max_prio->thr);
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#if defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
if (!__pthread_has_cas)
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
{
|
|
WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
|
|
lock->__spinlock = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
#endif
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Compare-and-swap emulation with a spinlock */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
int __pthread_has_cas = 0;
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#if !defined HAS_COMPARE_AND_SWAP || defined TEST_FOR_COMPARE_AND_SWAP
|
|
|
|
int __pthread_compare_and_swap(long * ptr, long oldval, long newval,
|
|
int * spinlock)
|
|
{
|
|
int res;
|
|
if (testandset(spinlock)) __pthread_acquire(spinlock);
|
|
if (*ptr == oldval) {
|
|
*ptr = newval; res = 1;
|
|
} else {
|
|
res = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
/* Prevent reordering of store to *ptr above and store to *spinlock below */
|
|
WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER();
|
|
*spinlock = 0;
|
|
return res;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* This function is called if the inlined test-and-set
|
|
in __pthread_compare_and_swap() failed */
|
|
|
|
/* The retry strategy is as follows:
|
|
- We test and set the spinlock MAX_SPIN_COUNT times, calling
|
|
sched_yield() each time. This gives ample opportunity for other
|
|
threads with priority >= our priority to make progress and
|
|
release the spinlock.
|
|
- If a thread with priority < our priority owns the spinlock,
|
|
calling sched_yield() repeatedly is useless, since we're preventing
|
|
the owning thread from making progress and releasing the spinlock.
|
|
So, after MAX_SPIN_LOCK attemps, we suspend the calling thread
|
|
using nanosleep(). This again should give time to the owning thread
|
|
for releasing the spinlock.
|
|
Notice that the nanosleep() interval must not be too small,
|
|
since the kernel does busy-waiting for short intervals in a realtime
|
|
process (!). The smallest duration that guarantees thread
|
|
suspension is currently 2ms.
|
|
- When nanosleep() returns, we try again, doing MAX_SPIN_COUNT
|
|
sched_yield(), then sleeping again if needed. */
|
|
|
|
static void __pthread_acquire(int * spinlock)
|
|
{
|
|
int cnt = 0;
|
|
struct timespec tm;
|
|
|
|
while (testandset(spinlock)) {
|
|
if (cnt < MAX_SPIN_COUNT) {
|
|
sched_yield();
|
|
cnt++;
|
|
} else {
|
|
tm.tv_sec = 0;
|
|
tm.tv_nsec = SPIN_SLEEP_DURATION;
|
|
nanosleep(&tm, NULL);
|
|
cnt = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#endif
|