From bcac25a58bfc6bd79191ac5d7afb49bea96da8c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrey Vagin Date: Tue, 6 Sep 2016 00:47:13 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 1/4] kernel: add a helper to get an owning user namespace for a namespace Return -EPERM if an owning user namespace is outside of a process current user namespace. v2: In a first version ns_get_owner returned ENOENT for init_user_ns. This special cases was removed from this version. There is nothing outside of init_user_ns, so we can return EPERM. v3: rename ns->get_owner() to ns->owner(). get_* usually means that it grabs a reference. Acked-by: Serge Hallyn Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman --- fs/namespace.c | 6 ++++++ include/linux/proc_ns.h | 1 + include/linux/user_namespace.h | 7 +++++++ ipc/namespace.c | 6 ++++++ kernel/cgroup.c | 6 ++++++ kernel/pid_namespace.c | 6 ++++++ kernel/user_namespace.c | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ kernel/utsname.c | 6 ++++++ net/core/net_namespace.c | 6 ++++++ 9 files changed, 68 insertions(+) diff --git a/fs/namespace.c b/fs/namespace.c index 7bb2cda3bfef..fea56f310547 100644 --- a/fs/namespace.c +++ b/fs/namespace.c @@ -3348,10 +3348,16 @@ static int mntns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns) return 0; } +static struct user_namespace *mntns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return to_mnt_ns(ns)->user_ns; +} + const struct proc_ns_operations mntns_operations = { .name = "mnt", .type = CLONE_NEWNS, .get = mntns_get, .put = mntns_put, .install = mntns_install, + .owner = mntns_owner, }; diff --git a/include/linux/proc_ns.h b/include/linux/proc_ns.h index de0e7719d4c5..ca85a4348ffc 100644 --- a/include/linux/proc_ns.h +++ b/include/linux/proc_ns.h @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ struct proc_ns_operations { struct ns_common *(*get)(struct task_struct *task); void (*put)(struct ns_common *ns); int (*install)(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns); + struct user_namespace *(*owner)(struct ns_common *ns); }; extern const struct proc_ns_operations netns_operations; diff --git a/include/linux/user_namespace.h b/include/linux/user_namespace.h index 9217169c64cb..190cf0760815 100644 --- a/include/linux/user_namespace.h +++ b/include/linux/user_namespace.h @@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ extern ssize_t proc_setgroups_write(struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, extern int proc_setgroups_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v); extern bool userns_may_setgroups(const struct user_namespace *ns); extern bool current_in_userns(const struct user_namespace *target_ns); + +struct ns_common *ns_get_owner(struct ns_common *ns); #else static inline struct user_namespace *get_user_ns(struct user_namespace *ns) @@ -106,6 +108,11 @@ static inline bool current_in_userns(const struct user_namespace *target_ns) { return true; } + +static inline struct ns_common *ns_get_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return ERR_PTR(-EPERM); +} #endif #endif /* _LINUX_USER_H */ diff --git a/ipc/namespace.c b/ipc/namespace.c index d87e6baa1323..578d93be619d 100644 --- a/ipc/namespace.c +++ b/ipc/namespace.c @@ -165,10 +165,16 @@ static int ipcns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *new) return 0; } +static struct user_namespace *ipcns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return to_ipc_ns(ns)->user_ns; +} + const struct proc_ns_operations ipcns_operations = { .name = "ipc", .type = CLONE_NEWIPC, .get = ipcns_get, .put = ipcns_put, .install = ipcns_install, + .owner = ipcns_owner, }; diff --git a/kernel/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup.c index d1c51b7f5221..86b0e8b16426 100644 --- a/kernel/cgroup.c +++ b/kernel/cgroup.c @@ -6403,12 +6403,18 @@ static void cgroupns_put(struct ns_common *ns) put_cgroup_ns(to_cg_ns(ns)); } +static struct user_namespace *cgroupns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return to_cg_ns(ns)->user_ns; +} + const struct proc_ns_operations cgroupns_operations = { .name = "cgroup", .type = CLONE_NEWCGROUP, .get = cgroupns_get, .put = cgroupns_put, .install = cgroupns_install, + .owner = cgroupns_owner, }; static __init int cgroup_namespaces_init(void) diff --git a/kernel/pid_namespace.c b/kernel/pid_namespace.c index a65ba137fd15..c02d744225e1 100644 --- a/kernel/pid_namespace.c +++ b/kernel/pid_namespace.c @@ -388,12 +388,18 @@ static int pidns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns) return 0; } +static struct user_namespace *pidns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return to_pid_ns(ns)->user_ns; +} + const struct proc_ns_operations pidns_operations = { .name = "pid", .type = CLONE_NEWPID, .get = pidns_get, .put = pidns_put, .install = pidns_install, + .owner = pidns_owner, }; static __init int pid_namespaces_init(void) diff --git a/kernel/user_namespace.c b/kernel/user_namespace.c index 68f594212759..0ef683a03c20 100644 --- a/kernel/user_namespace.c +++ b/kernel/user_namespace.c @@ -1004,12 +1004,36 @@ static int userns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns) return commit_creds(cred); } +struct ns_common *ns_get_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + struct user_namespace *my_user_ns = current_user_ns(); + struct user_namespace *owner, *p; + + /* See if the owner is in the current user namespace */ + owner = p = ns->ops->owner(ns); + for (;;) { + if (!p) + return ERR_PTR(-EPERM); + if (p == my_user_ns) + break; + p = p->parent; + } + + return &get_user_ns(owner)->ns; +} + +static struct user_namespace *userns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return to_user_ns(ns)->parent; +} + const struct proc_ns_operations userns_operations = { .name = "user", .type = CLONE_NEWUSER, .get = userns_get, .put = userns_put, .install = userns_install, + .owner = userns_owner, }; static __init int user_namespaces_init(void) diff --git a/kernel/utsname.c b/kernel/utsname.c index 831ea7108232..e1211a8a5c18 100644 --- a/kernel/utsname.c +++ b/kernel/utsname.c @@ -130,10 +130,16 @@ static int utsns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *new) return 0; } +static struct user_namespace *utsns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return to_uts_ns(ns)->user_ns; +} + const struct proc_ns_operations utsns_operations = { .name = "uts", .type = CLONE_NEWUTS, .get = utsns_get, .put = utsns_put, .install = utsns_install, + .owner = utsns_owner, }; diff --git a/net/core/net_namespace.c b/net/core/net_namespace.c index 2c2eb1b629b1..861efa34f08c 100644 --- a/net/core/net_namespace.c +++ b/net/core/net_namespace.c @@ -996,11 +996,17 @@ static int netns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns) return 0; } +static struct user_namespace *netns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + return to_net_ns(ns)->user_ns; +} + const struct proc_ns_operations netns_operations = { .name = "net", .type = CLONE_NEWNET, .get = netns_get, .put = netns_put, .install = netns_install, + .owner = netns_owner, }; #endif From 6786741dbf99e44fb0c0ed85a37582b8a26f1c3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrey Vagin Date: Tue, 6 Sep 2016 00:47:14 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 2/4] nsfs: add ioctl to get an owning user namespace for ns file descriptor Each namespace has an owning user namespace and now there is not way to discover these relationships. Understending namespaces relationships allows to answer the question: what capability does process X have to perform operations on a resource governed by namespace Y? After a long discussion, Eric W. Biederman proposed to use ioctl-s for this purpose. The NS_GET_USERNS ioctl returns a file descriptor to an owning user namespace. It returns EPERM if a target namespace is outside of a current user namespace. v2: rename parent to relative v3: Add a missing mntput when returning -EAGAIN --EWB Acked-by: Serge Hallyn Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/7/6/158 Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman --- fs/nsfs.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h | 11 +++++ 2 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h diff --git a/fs/nsfs.c b/fs/nsfs.c index 8f20d6016e20..3887da470f7e 100644 --- a/fs/nsfs.c +++ b/fs/nsfs.c @@ -5,11 +5,16 @@ #include #include #include +#include +#include static struct vfsmount *nsfs_mnt; +static long ns_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int ioctl, + unsigned long arg); static const struct file_operations ns_file_operations = { .llseek = no_llseek, + .unlocked_ioctl = ns_ioctl, }; static char *ns_dname(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, int buflen) @@ -44,22 +49,14 @@ static void nsfs_evict(struct inode *inode) ns->ops->put(ns); } -void *ns_get_path(struct path *path, struct task_struct *task, - const struct proc_ns_operations *ns_ops) +static void *__ns_get_path(struct path *path, struct ns_common *ns) { struct vfsmount *mnt = mntget(nsfs_mnt); struct qstr qname = { .name = "", }; struct dentry *dentry; struct inode *inode; - struct ns_common *ns; unsigned long d; -again: - ns = ns_ops->get(task); - if (!ns) { - mntput(mnt); - return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT); - } rcu_read_lock(); d = atomic_long_read(&ns->stashed); if (!d) @@ -68,7 +65,7 @@ again: if (!lockref_get_not_dead(&dentry->d_lockref)) goto slow; rcu_read_unlock(); - ns_ops->put(ns); + ns->ops->put(ns); got_it: path->mnt = mnt; path->dentry = dentry; @@ -77,7 +74,7 @@ slow: rcu_read_unlock(); inode = new_inode_pseudo(mnt->mnt_sb); if (!inode) { - ns_ops->put(ns); + ns->ops->put(ns); mntput(mnt); return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); } @@ -95,17 +92,90 @@ slow: return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); } d_instantiate(dentry, inode); - dentry->d_fsdata = (void *)ns_ops; + dentry->d_fsdata = (void *)ns->ops; d = atomic_long_cmpxchg(&ns->stashed, 0, (unsigned long)dentry); if (d) { d_delete(dentry); /* make sure ->d_prune() does nothing */ dput(dentry); + mntput(mnt); cpu_relax(); - goto again; + return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN); } goto got_it; } +void *ns_get_path(struct path *path, struct task_struct *task, + const struct proc_ns_operations *ns_ops) +{ + struct ns_common *ns; + void *ret; + +again: + ns = ns_ops->get(task); + if (!ns) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT); + + ret = __ns_get_path(path, ns); + if (IS_ERR(ret) && PTR_ERR(ret) == -EAGAIN) + goto again; + return ret; +} + +static int open_related_ns(struct ns_common *ns, + struct ns_common *(*get_ns)(struct ns_common *ns)) +{ + struct path path = {}; + struct file *f; + void *err; + int fd; + + fd = get_unused_fd_flags(O_CLOEXEC); + if (fd < 0) + return fd; + + while (1) { + struct ns_common *relative; + + relative = get_ns(ns); + if (IS_ERR(relative)) { + put_unused_fd(fd); + return PTR_ERR(relative); + } + + err = __ns_get_path(&path, relative); + if (IS_ERR(err) && PTR_ERR(err) == -EAGAIN) + continue; + break; + } + if (IS_ERR(err)) { + put_unused_fd(fd); + return PTR_ERR(err); + } + + f = dentry_open(&path, O_RDONLY, current_cred()); + path_put(&path); + if (IS_ERR(f)) { + put_unused_fd(fd); + fd = PTR_ERR(f); + } else + fd_install(fd, f); + + return fd; +} + +static long ns_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int ioctl, + unsigned long arg) +{ + struct ns_common *ns = get_proc_ns(file_inode(filp)); + + switch (ioctl) { + case NS_GET_USERNS: + return open_related_ns(ns, ns_get_owner); + default: + return -ENOTTY; + } +} + int ns_get_name(char *buf, size_t size, struct task_struct *task, const struct proc_ns_operations *ns_ops) { diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h b/include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5cacd5c1b5d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#ifndef __LINUX_NSFS_H +#define __LINUX_NSFS_H + +#include + +#define NSIO 0xb7 + +/* Returns a file descriptor that refers to an owning user namespace */ +#define NS_GET_USERNS _IO(NSIO, 0x1) + +#endif /* __LINUX_NSFS_H */ From a7306ed8d94af729ecef8b6e37506a1c6fc14788 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrey Vagin Date: Tue, 6 Sep 2016 00:47:15 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 3/4] nsfs: add ioctl to get a parent namespace Pid and user namepaces are hierarchical. There is no way to discover parent-child relationships. In a future we will use this interface to dump and restore nested namespaces. Acked-by: Serge Hallyn Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman --- fs/nsfs.c | 4 ++++ include/linux/proc_ns.h | 1 + include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h | 2 ++ kernel/pid_namespace.c | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ kernel/user_namespace.c | 1 + 5 files changed, 27 insertions(+) diff --git a/fs/nsfs.c b/fs/nsfs.c index 3887da470f7e..fb7b397a1297 100644 --- a/fs/nsfs.c +++ b/fs/nsfs.c @@ -171,6 +171,10 @@ static long ns_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int ioctl, switch (ioctl) { case NS_GET_USERNS: return open_related_ns(ns, ns_get_owner); + case NS_GET_PARENT: + if (!ns->ops->get_parent) + return -EINVAL; + return open_related_ns(ns, ns->ops->get_parent); default: return -ENOTTY; } diff --git a/include/linux/proc_ns.h b/include/linux/proc_ns.h index ca85a4348ffc..12cb8bd81d2d 100644 --- a/include/linux/proc_ns.h +++ b/include/linux/proc_ns.h @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ struct proc_ns_operations { void (*put)(struct ns_common *ns); int (*install)(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns); struct user_namespace *(*owner)(struct ns_common *ns); + struct ns_common *(*get_parent)(struct ns_common *ns); }; extern const struct proc_ns_operations netns_operations; diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h b/include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h index 5cacd5c1b5d7..3af617230d1b 100644 --- a/include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h +++ b/include/uapi/linux/nsfs.h @@ -7,5 +7,7 @@ /* Returns a file descriptor that refers to an owning user namespace */ #define NS_GET_USERNS _IO(NSIO, 0x1) +/* Returns a file descriptor that refers to a parent namespace */ +#define NS_GET_PARENT _IO(NSIO, 0x2) #endif /* __LINUX_NSFS_H */ diff --git a/kernel/pid_namespace.c b/kernel/pid_namespace.c index c02d744225e1..4fa2d56a936c 100644 --- a/kernel/pid_namespace.c +++ b/kernel/pid_namespace.c @@ -388,6 +388,24 @@ static int pidns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns) return 0; } +static struct ns_common *pidns_get_parent(struct ns_common *ns) +{ + struct pid_namespace *active = task_active_pid_ns(current); + struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, *p; + + /* See if the parent is in the current namespace */ + pid_ns = p = to_pid_ns(ns)->parent; + for (;;) { + if (!p) + return ERR_PTR(-EPERM); + if (p == active) + break; + p = p->parent; + } + + return &get_pid_ns(pid_ns)->ns; +} + static struct user_namespace *pidns_owner(struct ns_common *ns) { return to_pid_ns(ns)->user_ns; @@ -400,6 +418,7 @@ const struct proc_ns_operations pidns_operations = { .put = pidns_put, .install = pidns_install, .owner = pidns_owner, + .get_parent = pidns_get_parent, }; static __init int pid_namespaces_init(void) diff --git a/kernel/user_namespace.c b/kernel/user_namespace.c index 0ef683a03c20..a58a219b99c6 100644 --- a/kernel/user_namespace.c +++ b/kernel/user_namespace.c @@ -1034,6 +1034,7 @@ const struct proc_ns_operations userns_operations = { .put = userns_put, .install = userns_install, .owner = userns_owner, + .get_parent = ns_get_owner, }; static __init int user_namespaces_init(void) From 6ad92bf63e45f97e306da48cd1cbce6e4fef1e5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrey Vagin Date: Tue, 6 Sep 2016 00:47:16 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 4/4] tools/testing: add a test to check nsfs ioctl-s There are two new ioctl-s: One ioctl for the user namespace that owns a file descriptor. One ioctl for the parent namespace of a namespace file descriptor. The test checks that these ioctl-s works and that they handle a case when a target namespace is outside of the current process namespace. Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman --- tools/testing/selftests/Makefile | 1 + tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/Makefile | 12 ++++ tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/owner.c | 91 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/pidns.c | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 182 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/Makefile create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/owner.c create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/pidns.c diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile index ff9e5f20a5a7..f770dba2a6f6 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/Makefile @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ TARGETS += memory-hotplug TARGETS += mount TARGETS += mqueue TARGETS += net +TARGETS += nsfs TARGETS += powerpc TARGETS += pstore TARGETS += ptrace diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2306054a901a --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +TEST_PROGS := owner pidns + +CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror + +all: owner pidns +owner: owner.c +pidns: pidns.c + +clean: + $(RM) owner pidns + +include ../lib.mk diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/owner.c b/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/owner.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..437205f8b714 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/owner.c @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#define NSIO 0xb7 +#define NS_GET_USERNS _IO(NSIO, 0x1) + +#define pr_err(fmt, ...) \ + ({ \ + fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d:" fmt ": %m\n", \ + __func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \ + 1; \ + }) + +int main(int argc, char *argvp[]) +{ + int pfd[2], ns, uns, init_uns; + struct stat st1, st2; + char path[128]; + pid_t pid; + char c; + + if (pipe(pfd)) + return 1; + + pid = fork(); + if (pid < 0) + return pr_err("fork"); + if (pid == 0) { + prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL); + if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWUSER)) + return pr_err("unshare"); + close(pfd[0]); + close(pfd[1]); + while (1) + sleep(1); + return 0; + } + close(pfd[1]); + if (read(pfd[0], &c, 1) != 0) + return pr_err("Unable to read from pipe"); + close(pfd[0]); + + snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/uts", pid); + ns = open(path, O_RDONLY); + if (ns < 0) + return pr_err("Unable to open %s", path); + + uns = ioctl(ns, NS_GET_USERNS); + if (uns < 0) + return pr_err("Unable to get an owning user namespace"); + + if (fstat(uns, &st1)) + return pr_err("fstat"); + + snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/user", pid); + if (stat(path, &st2)) + return pr_err("stat"); + + if (st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino) + return pr_err("NS_GET_USERNS returned a wrong namespace"); + + init_uns = ioctl(uns, NS_GET_USERNS); + if (uns < 0) + return pr_err("Unable to get an owning user namespace"); + + if (ioctl(init_uns, NS_GET_USERNS) >= 0 || errno != EPERM) + return pr_err("Don't get EPERM"); + + if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER)) + return pr_err("unshare"); + + if (ioctl(ns, NS_GET_USERNS) >= 0 || errno != EPERM) + return pr_err("Don't get EPERM"); + if (ioctl(init_uns, NS_GET_USERNS) >= 0 || errno != EPERM) + return pr_err("Don't get EPERM"); + + kill(pid, SIGKILL); + wait(NULL); + return 0; +} diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/pidns.c b/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/pidns.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ae3a0d68e966 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/nsfs/pidns.c @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#define pr_err(fmt, ...) \ + ({ \ + fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d:" fmt ": %m\n", \ + __func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \ + 1; \ + }) + +#define NSIO 0xb7 +#define NS_GET_USERNS _IO(NSIO, 0x1) +#define NS_GET_PARENT _IO(NSIO, 0x2) + +#define __stack_aligned__ __attribute__((aligned(16))) +struct cr_clone_arg { + char stack[128] __stack_aligned__; + char stack_ptr[0]; +}; + +static int child(void *args) +{ + prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL); + while (1) + sleep(1); + exit(0); +} + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + char *ns_strs[] = {"pid", "user"}; + char path[] = "/proc/0123456789/ns/pid"; + struct cr_clone_arg ca; + struct stat st1, st2; + int ns, pns, i; + pid_t pid; + + pid = clone(child, ca.stack_ptr, CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWPID | SIGCHLD, NULL); + if (pid < 0) + return pr_err("clone"); + + for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { + snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/%s", pid, ns_strs[i]); + ns = open(path, O_RDONLY); + if (ns < 0) + return pr_err("Unable to open %s", path); + + pns = ioctl(ns, NS_GET_PARENT); + if (pns < 0) + return pr_err("Unable to get a parent pidns"); + + snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/self/ns/%s", ns_strs[i]); + if (stat(path, &st2)) + return pr_err("Unable to stat %s", path); + if (fstat(pns, &st1)) + return pr_err("Unable to stat the parent pidns"); + if (st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino) + return pr_err("NS_GET_PARENT returned a wrong namespace"); + + if (ioctl(pns, NS_GET_PARENT) >= 0 || errno != EPERM) + return pr_err("Don't get EPERM");; + } + + kill(pid, SIGKILL); + wait(NULL); + return 0; +}