diff --git a/include/sound/seq_device.h b/include/sound/seq_device.h
index d52433563da2..ea256b825146 100644
--- a/include/sound/seq_device.h
+++ b/include/sound/seq_device.h
@@ -43,8 +43,11 @@ struct snd_seq_device {
 	void *private_data;	/* private data for the caller */
 	void (*private_free)(struct snd_seq_device *device);
 	struct list_head list;	/* link to next device */
+	struct device dev;
 };
 
+#define to_seq_dev(_dev) \
+	container_of(_dev, struct snd_seq_device, dev)
 
 /* driver operators
  * init_device:
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c
index 075a66c0cc6a..d3320ffe43c2 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <sound/core.h>
@@ -51,77 +52,57 @@ MODULE_AUTHOR("Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>");
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ALSA sequencer device management");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
-/* driver state */
-#define DRIVER_EMPTY		0
-#define DRIVER_LOADED		(1<<0)
-#define DRIVER_REQUESTED	(1<<1)
-#define DRIVER_LOCKED		(1<<2)
-#define DRIVER_REQUESTING	(1<<3)
-
-struct ops_list {
-	char id[ID_LEN];	/* driver id */
-	int driver;		/* driver state */
-	int used;		/* reference counter */
-	int argsize;		/* argument size */
-
-	/* operators */
+struct snd_seq_driver {
+	struct device_driver driver;
+	char id[ID_LEN];
+	int argsize;
 	struct snd_seq_dev_ops ops;
-
-	/* registered devices */
-	struct list_head dev_list;	/* list of devices */
-	int num_devices;	/* number of associated devices */
-	int num_init_devices;	/* number of initialized devices */
-	struct mutex reg_mutex;
-
-	struct list_head list;	/* next driver */
 };
 
+#define to_seq_drv(_drv) \
+	container_of(_drv, struct snd_seq_driver, driver)
 
-static LIST_HEAD(opslist);
-static int num_ops;
-static DEFINE_MUTEX(ops_mutex);
+/*
+ * bus definition
+ */
+static int snd_seq_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
+{
+	struct snd_seq_device *sdev = to_seq_dev(dev);
+	struct snd_seq_driver *sdrv = to_seq_drv(drv);
+
+	return strcmp(sdrv->id, sdev->id) == 0 &&
+		sdrv->argsize == sdev->argsize;
+}
+
+static struct bus_type snd_seq_bus_type = {
+	.name = "snd_seq",
+	.match = snd_seq_bus_match,
+};
+
+/*
+ * proc interface -- just for compatibility
+ */
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 static struct snd_info_entry *info_entry;
-#endif
 
-/*
- * prototypes
- */
-static int snd_seq_device_free(struct snd_seq_device *dev);
-static int snd_seq_device_dev_free(struct snd_device *device);
-static int snd_seq_device_dev_register(struct snd_device *device);
-static int snd_seq_device_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device);
+static int print_dev_info(struct device *dev, void *data)
+{
+	struct snd_seq_device *sdev = to_seq_dev(dev);
+	struct snd_info_buffer *buffer = data;
 
-static int init_device(struct snd_seq_device *dev, struct ops_list *ops);
-static int free_device(struct snd_seq_device *dev, struct ops_list *ops);
-static struct ops_list *find_driver(char *id, int create_if_empty);
-static struct ops_list *create_driver(char *id);
-static void unlock_driver(struct ops_list *ops);
-static void remove_drivers(void);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "snd-%s,%s,%d\n", sdev->id,
+		    dev->driver ? "loaded" : "empty",
+		    dev->driver ? 1 : 0);
+	return 0;
+}
 
-/*
- * show all drivers and their status
- */
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 static void snd_seq_device_info(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 				struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 {
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-
-	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-	list_for_each_entry(ops, &opslist, list) {
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "snd-%s%s%s%s,%d\n",
-				ops->id,
-				ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED ? ",loaded" : (ops->driver == DRIVER_EMPTY ? ",empty" : ""),
-				ops->driver & DRIVER_REQUESTED ? ",requested" : "",
-				ops->driver & DRIVER_LOCKED ? ",locked" : "",
-				ops->num_devices);
-	}
-	mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
+	bus_for_each_dev(&snd_seq_bus_type, NULL, buffer, print_dev_info);
 }
 #endif
- 
+
 /*
  * load all registered drivers (called from seq_clientmgr.c)
  */
@@ -141,52 +122,29 @@ void snd_seq_autoload_unlock(void)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_autoload_unlock);
 
-static void autoload_drivers(void)
+static int request_seq_drv(struct device *dev, void *data)
+{
+	struct snd_seq_device *sdev = to_seq_dev(dev);
+
+	if (!dev->driver)
+		request_module("snd-%s", sdev->id);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void autoload_drivers(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	/* avoid reentrance */
-	if (atomic_inc_return(&snd_seq_in_init) == 1) {
-		struct ops_list *ops;
-
-		mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-		list_for_each_entry(ops, &opslist, list) {
-			if ((ops->driver & DRIVER_REQUESTING) &&
-			    !(ops->driver & DRIVER_REQUESTED)) {
-				ops->used++;
-				mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-				ops->driver |= DRIVER_REQUESTED;
-				request_module("snd-%s", ops->id);
-				mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-				ops->used--;
-			}
-		}
-		mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-	}
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&snd_seq_in_init) == 1)
+		bus_for_each_dev(&snd_seq_bus_type, NULL, NULL,
+				 request_seq_drv);
 	atomic_dec(&snd_seq_in_init);
 }
 
-static void call_autoload(struct work_struct *work)
-{
-	autoload_drivers();
-}
-
-static DECLARE_WORK(autoload_work, call_autoload);
-
-static void try_autoload(struct ops_list *ops)
-{
-	if (!ops->driver) {
-		ops->driver |= DRIVER_REQUESTING;
-		schedule_work(&autoload_work);
-	}
-}
+static DECLARE_WORK(autoload_work, autoload_drivers);
 
 static void queue_autoload_drivers(void)
 {
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-
-	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-	list_for_each_entry(ops, &opslist, list)
-		try_autoload(ops);
-	mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
+	schedule_work(&autoload_work);
 }
 
 void snd_seq_autoload_init(void)
@@ -206,9 +164,50 @@ void snd_seq_device_load_drivers(void)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_load_drivers);
 #else
-#define try_autoload(ops) /* NOP */
+#define queue_autoload_drivers() /* NOP */
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * device management
+ */
+static int snd_seq_device_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
+{
+	struct snd_seq_device *dev = device->device_data;
+
+	put_device(&dev->dev);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_seq_device_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
+{
+	struct snd_seq_device *dev = device->device_data;
+	int err;
+
+	err = device_add(&dev->dev);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (!dev->dev.driver)
+		queue_autoload_drivers();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_seq_device_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
+{
+	struct snd_seq_device *dev = device->device_data;
+
+	device_del(&dev->dev);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_seq_dev_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct snd_seq_device *sdev = to_seq_dev(dev);
+
+	if (sdev->private_free)
+		sdev->private_free(sdev);
+	kfree(sdev);
+}
+
 /*
  * register a sequencer device
  * card = card info
@@ -220,7 +219,6 @@ int snd_seq_device_new(struct snd_card *card, int device, char *id, int argsize,
 		       struct snd_seq_device **result)
 {
 	struct snd_seq_device *dev;
-	struct ops_list *ops;
 	int err;
 	static struct snd_device_ops dops = {
 		.dev_free = snd_seq_device_dev_free,
@@ -234,16 +232,10 @@ int snd_seq_device_new(struct snd_card *card, int device, char *id, int argsize,
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!id))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	ops = find_driver(id, 1);
-	if (ops == NULL)
+	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev) + argsize, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!dev)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev)*2 + argsize, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (dev == NULL) {
-		unlock_driver(ops);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-
 	/* set up device info */
 	dev->card = card;
 	dev->device = device;
@@ -251,20 +243,19 @@ int snd_seq_device_new(struct snd_card *card, int device, char *id, int argsize,
 	dev->argsize = argsize;
 	dev->status = SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_FREE;
 
-	/* add this device to the list */
-	mutex_lock(&ops->reg_mutex);
-	list_add_tail(&dev->list, &ops->dev_list);
-	ops->num_devices++;
-	mutex_unlock(&ops->reg_mutex);
+	device_initialize(&dev->dev);
+	dev->dev.parent = &card->card_dev;
+	dev->dev.bus = &snd_seq_bus_type;
+	dev->dev.release = snd_seq_dev_release;
+	dev_set_name(&dev->dev, "%s-%d-%d", dev->id, card->number, device);
 
-	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_SEQUENCER, dev, &dops)) < 0) {
-		snd_seq_device_free(dev);
+	/* add this device to the list */
+	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_SEQUENCER, dev, &dops);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		put_device(&dev->dev);
 		return err;
 	}
 	
-	try_autoload(ops);
-	unlock_driver(ops);
-
 	if (result)
 		*result = dev;
 
@@ -273,82 +264,33 @@ int snd_seq_device_new(struct snd_card *card, int device, char *id, int argsize,
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_new);
 
 /*
- * free the existing device
+ * driver binding - just pass to each driver callback
  */
-static int snd_seq_device_free(struct snd_seq_device *dev)
+static int snd_seq_drv_probe(struct device *dev)
 {
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!dev))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	ops = find_driver(dev->id, 0);
-	if (ops == NULL)
-		return -ENXIO;
-
-	/* remove the device from the list */
-	mutex_lock(&ops->reg_mutex);
-	list_del(&dev->list);
-	ops->num_devices--;
-	mutex_unlock(&ops->reg_mutex);
-
-	free_device(dev, ops);
-	if (dev->private_free)
-		dev->private_free(dev);
-	kfree(dev);
-
-	unlock_driver(ops);
+	struct snd_seq_driver *sdrv = to_seq_drv(dev->driver);
+	struct snd_seq_device *sdev = to_seq_dev(dev);
+	int err;
 
+	err = sdrv->ops.init_device(sdev);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	sdev->status = SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_REGISTERED;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_seq_device_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
+static int snd_seq_drv_remove(struct device *dev)
 {
-	struct snd_seq_device *dev = device->device_data;
-	return snd_seq_device_free(dev);
-}
+	struct snd_seq_driver *sdrv = to_seq_drv(dev->driver);
+	struct snd_seq_device *sdev = to_seq_dev(dev);
+	int err;
 
-/*
- * register the device
- */
-static int snd_seq_device_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
-{
-	struct snd_seq_device *dev = device->device_data;
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-
-	ops = find_driver(dev->id, 0);
-	if (ops == NULL)
-		return -ENOENT;
-
-	/* initialize this device if the corresponding driver was
-	 * already loaded
-	 */
-	if (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED)
-		init_device(dev, ops);
-
-	unlock_driver(ops);
+	err = sdrv->ops.free_device(sdev);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	sdev->status = SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_FREE;
 	return 0;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_register_driver);
-
-/*
- * disconnect the device
- */
-static int snd_seq_device_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
-{
-	struct snd_seq_device *dev = device->device_data;
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-
-	ops = find_driver(dev->id, 0);
-	if (ops == NULL)
-		return -ENOENT;
-
-	free_device(dev, ops);
-
-	unlock_driver(ops);
-	return 0;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_unregister_driver);
 
 /*
  * register device driver
@@ -358,226 +300,66 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_unregister_driver);
 int snd_seq_device_register_driver(char *id, struct snd_seq_dev_ops *entry,
 				   int argsize)
 {
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-	struct snd_seq_device *dev;
+	struct snd_seq_driver *sdrv;
+	int err;
 
 	if (id == NULL || entry == NULL ||
 	    entry->init_device == NULL || entry->free_device == NULL)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	ops = find_driver(id, 1);
-	if (ops == NULL)
+	sdrv = kzalloc(sizeof(*sdrv), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sdrv)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	if (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED) {
-		pr_warn("ALSA: seq: driver_register: driver '%s' already exists\n", id);
-		unlock_driver(ops);
-		return -EBUSY;
-	}
 
-	mutex_lock(&ops->reg_mutex);
-	/* copy driver operators */
-	ops->ops = *entry;
-	ops->driver |= DRIVER_LOADED;
-	ops->argsize = argsize;
+	sdrv->driver.name = id;
+	sdrv->driver.bus = &snd_seq_bus_type;
+	sdrv->driver.probe = snd_seq_drv_probe;
+	sdrv->driver.remove = snd_seq_drv_remove;
+	strlcpy(sdrv->id, id, sizeof(sdrv->id));
+	sdrv->argsize = argsize;
+	sdrv->ops = *entry;
 
-	/* initialize existing devices if necessary */
-	list_for_each_entry(dev, &ops->dev_list, list) {
-		init_device(dev, ops);
-	}
-	mutex_unlock(&ops->reg_mutex);
-
-	unlock_driver(ops);
-
-	return 0;
+	err = driver_register(&sdrv->driver);
+	if (err < 0)
+		kfree(sdrv);
+	return err;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_register_driver);
 
-
-/*
- * create driver record
+/* callback to find a specific driver; data is a pointer to the id string ptr.
+ * when the id matches, store the driver pointer in return and break the loop.
  */
-static struct ops_list * create_driver(char *id)
+static int find_drv(struct device_driver *drv, void *data)
 {
-	struct ops_list *ops;
+	struct snd_seq_driver *sdrv = to_seq_drv(drv);
+	void **ptr = (void **)data;
 
-	ops = kzalloc(sizeof(*ops), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (ops == NULL)
-		return ops;
-
-	/* set up driver entry */
-	strlcpy(ops->id, id, sizeof(ops->id));
-	mutex_init(&ops->reg_mutex);
-	/*
-	 * The ->reg_mutex locking rules are per-driver, so we create
-	 * separate per-driver lock classes:
-	 */
-	lockdep_set_class(&ops->reg_mutex, (struct lock_class_key *)id);
-
-	ops->driver = DRIVER_EMPTY;
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ops->dev_list);
-	/* lock this instance */
-	ops->used = 1;
-
-	/* register driver entry */
-	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-	list_add_tail(&ops->list, &opslist);
-	num_ops++;
-	mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-
-	return ops;
+	if (strcmp(sdrv->id, *ptr))
+		return 0; /* id don't match, continue the loop */
+	*ptr = sdrv;
+	return 1; /* break the loop */
 }
 
-
 /*
  * unregister the specified driver
  */
 int snd_seq_device_unregister_driver(char *id)
 {
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-	struct snd_seq_device *dev;
+	struct snd_seq_driver *sdrv = (struct snd_seq_driver *)id;
 
-	ops = find_driver(id, 0);
-	if (ops == NULL)
+	if (!bus_for_each_drv(&snd_seq_bus_type, NULL, &sdrv, find_drv))
 		return -ENXIO;
-	if (! (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED) ||
-	    (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOCKED)) {
-		pr_err("ALSA: seq: driver_unregister: cannot unload driver '%s': status=%x\n",
-			   id, ops->driver);
-		unlock_driver(ops);
-		return -EBUSY;
-	}
-
-	/* close and release all devices associated with this driver */
-	mutex_lock(&ops->reg_mutex);
-	ops->driver |= DRIVER_LOCKED; /* do not remove this driver recursively */
-	list_for_each_entry(dev, &ops->dev_list, list) {
-		free_device(dev, ops);
-	}
-
-	ops->driver = 0;
-	if (ops->num_init_devices > 0)
-		pr_err("ALSA: seq: free_driver: init_devices > 0!! (%d)\n",
-			   ops->num_init_devices);
-	mutex_unlock(&ops->reg_mutex);
-
-	unlock_driver(ops);
-
-	/* remove empty driver entries */
-	remove_drivers();
-
+	driver_unregister(&sdrv->driver);
+	kfree(sdrv);
 	return 0;
 }
-
-
-/*
- * remove empty driver entries
- */
-static void remove_drivers(void)
-{
-	struct list_head *head;
-
-	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-	head = opslist.next;
-	while (head != &opslist) {
-		struct ops_list *ops = list_entry(head, struct ops_list, list);
-		if (! (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED) &&
-		    ops->used == 0 && ops->num_devices == 0) {
-			head = head->next;
-			list_del(&ops->list);
-			kfree(ops);
-			num_ops--;
-		} else
-			head = head->next;
-	}
-	mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-}
-
-/*
- * initialize the device - call init_device operator
- */
-static int init_device(struct snd_seq_device *dev, struct ops_list *ops)
-{
-	if (! (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED))
-		return 0; /* driver is not loaded yet */
-	if (dev->status != SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_FREE)
-		return 0; /* already initialized */
-	if (ops->argsize != dev->argsize) {
-		pr_err("ALSA: seq: incompatible device '%s' for plug-in '%s' (%d %d)\n",
-			   dev->name, ops->id, ops->argsize, dev->argsize);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	if (ops->ops.init_device(dev) >= 0) {
-		dev->status = SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_REGISTERED;
-		ops->num_init_devices++;
-	} else {
-		pr_err("ALSA: seq: init_device failed: %s: %s\n",
-			   dev->name, dev->id);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * release the device - call free_device operator
- */
-static int free_device(struct snd_seq_device *dev, struct ops_list *ops)
-{
-	int result;
-
-	if (! (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED))
-		return 0; /* driver is not loaded yet */
-	if (dev->status != SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_REGISTERED)
-		return 0; /* not registered */
-	if (ops->argsize != dev->argsize) {
-		pr_err("ALSA: seq: incompatible device '%s' for plug-in '%s' (%d %d)\n",
-			   dev->name, ops->id, ops->argsize, dev->argsize);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	if ((result = ops->ops.free_device(dev)) >= 0 || result == -ENXIO) {
-		dev->status = SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_FREE;
-		dev->driver_data = NULL;
-		ops->num_init_devices--;
-	} else {
-		pr_err("ALSA: seq: free_device failed: %s: %s\n",
-			   dev->name, dev->id);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * find the matching driver with given id
- */
-static struct ops_list * find_driver(char *id, int create_if_empty)
-{
-	struct ops_list *ops;
-
-	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-	list_for_each_entry(ops, &opslist, list) {
-		if (strcmp(ops->id, id) == 0) {
-			ops->used++;
-			mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-			return ops;
-		}
-	}
-	mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-	if (create_if_empty)
-		return create_driver(id);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void unlock_driver(struct ops_list *ops)
-{
-	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-	ops->used--;
-	mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-}
-
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_unregister_driver);
 
 /*
  * module part
  */
 
-static int __init alsa_seq_device_init(void)
+static int __init seq_dev_proc_init(void)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 	info_entry = snd_info_create_module_entry(THIS_MODULE, "drivers",
@@ -594,17 +376,28 @@ static int __init alsa_seq_device_init(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int __init alsa_seq_device_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = bus_register(&snd_seq_bus_type);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = seq_dev_proc_init();
+	if (err < 0)
+		bus_unregister(&snd_seq_bus_type);
+	return err;
+}
+
 static void __exit alsa_seq_device_exit(void)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
 	cancel_work_sync(&autoload_work);
 #endif
-	remove_drivers();
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 	snd_info_free_entry(info_entry);
 #endif
-	if (num_ops)
-		pr_err("ALSA: seq: drivers not released (%d)\n", num_ops);
+	bus_unregister(&snd_seq_bus_type);
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_seq_device_init)