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Merge branch 'master' of master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6 

Conflicts:
	Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
	drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe.c
	net/core/drop_monitor.c
	net/core/net-traces.c
This commit is contained in:
David S. Miller 2009-06-15 03:02:23 -07:00
parent ca44d6e60f 45e3e1935e
commit 9cbc1cb8cd
3726 changed files with 285662 additions and 72248 deletions
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10
.gitignore vendored
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
# subdirectories here. Add them in the ".gitignore" file
# in that subdirectory instead.
#
# NOTE! Please use 'git-ls-files -i --exclude-standard'
# NOTE! Please use 'git ls-files -i --exclude-standard'
# command after changing this file, to see if there are
# any tracked files which get ignored after the change.
#
@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
*.elf
*.bin
*.gz
*.lzma
*.patch
#
# Top-level generic files
@ -62,6 +64,12 @@ series
cscope.*
ncscope.*
# gnu global files
GPATH
GRTAGS
GSYMS
GTAGS
*.orig
*~
\#*#

59
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block
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@ -60,3 +60,62 @@ Description:
Indicates whether the block layer should automatically
generate checksums for write requests bound for
devices that support receiving integrity metadata.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/alignment_offset
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
blocks to the operating system). This parameter
indicates how many bytes the beginning of the device is
offset from the disk's natural alignment.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/alignment_offset
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
blocks to the operating system). This parameter
indicates how many bytes the beginning of the partition
is offset from the disk's natural alignment.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/logical_block_size
Date: May 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
This is the smallest unit the storage device can
address. It is typically 512 bytes.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/physical_block_size
Date: May 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
This is the smallest unit the storage device can write
without resorting to read-modify-write operation. It is
usually the same as the logical block size but may be
bigger. One example is SATA drives with 4KB sectors
that expose a 512-byte logical block size to the
operating system.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/minimum_io_size
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report a preferred minimum I/O size,
which is the smallest request the device can perform
without incurring a read-modify-write penalty. For disk
drives this is often the physical block size. For RAID
arrays it is often the stripe chunk size.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/optimal_io_size
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report an optimal I/O size, which is
the device's preferred unit of receiving I/O. This is
rarely reported for disk drives. For RAID devices it is
usually the stripe width or the internal block size.

33
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-pci-devices-cciss Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
Where: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/model
Date: March 2009
Kernel Version: 2.6.30
Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 model for logical drive
Y of controller X.
Where: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/rev
Date: March 2009
Kernel Version: 2.6.30
Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 revision for logical
drive Y of controller X.
Where: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/unique_id
Date: March 2009
Kernel Version: 2.6.30
Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 83 serial number for logical
drive Y of controller X.
Where: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/vendor
Date: March 2009
Kernel Version: 2.6.30
Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
Description: Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 vendor for logical drive
Y of controller X.
Where: /sys/bus/pci/devices/<dev>/ccissX/cXdY/block:cciss!cXdY
Date: March 2009
Kernel Version: 2.6.30
Contact: iss_storagedev@hp.com
Description: A symbolic link to /sys/block/cciss!cXdY

18
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-cache_disable Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cache/index*/cache_disable_X
Date: August 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.27
Contact: mark.langsdorf@amd.com
Description: These files exist in every cpu's cache index directories.
There are currently 2 cache_disable_# files in each
directory. Reading from these files on a supported
processor will return that cache disable index value
for that processor and node. Writing to one of these
files will cause the specificed cache index to be disabled.
Currently, only AMD Family 10h Processors support cache index
disable, and only for their L3 caches. See the BIOS and
Kernel Developer's Guide at
http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/31116-Public-GH-BKDG_3.20_2-4-09.pdf
for formatting information and other details on the
cache index disable.
Users: joachim.deguara@amd.com

479
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-slab Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
What: /sys/kernel/slab
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The /sys/kernel/slab directory contains a snapshot of the
internal state of the SLUB allocator for each cache. Certain
files may be modified to change the behavior of the cache (and
any cache it aliases, if any).
Users: kernel memory tuning tools
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/aliases
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The aliases file is read-only and specifies how many caches
have merged into this cache.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/align
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The align file is read-only and specifies the cache's object
alignment in bytes.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/alloc_calls
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The alloc_calls file is read-only and lists the kernel code
locations from which allocations for this cache were performed.
The alloc_calls file only contains information if debugging is
enabled for that cache (see Documentation/vm/slub.txt).
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/alloc_fastpath
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The alloc_fastpath file is read-only and specifies how many
objects have been allocated using the fast path.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/alloc_from_partial
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The alloc_from_partial file is read-only and specifies how
many times a cpu slab has been full and it has been refilled
by using a slab from the list of partially used slabs.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/alloc_refill
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The alloc_refill file is read-only and specifies how many
times the per-cpu freelist was empty but there were objects
available as the result of remote cpu frees.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/alloc_slab
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The alloc_slab file is read-only and specifies how many times
a new slab had to be allocated from the page allocator.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/alloc_slowpath
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The alloc_slowpath file is read-only and specifies how many
objects have been allocated using the slow path because of a
refill or allocation from a partial or new slab.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/cache_dma
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The cache_dma file is read-only and specifies whether objects
are from ZONE_DMA.
Available when CONFIG_ZONE_DMA is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/cpu_slabs
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The cpu_slabs file is read-only and displays how many cpu slabs
are active and their NUMA locality.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/cpuslab_flush
Date: April 2009
KernelVersion: 2.6.31
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file cpuslab_flush is read-only and specifies how many
times a cache's cpu slabs have been flushed as the result of
destroying or shrinking a cache, a cpu going offline, or as
the result of forcing an allocation from a certain node.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/ctor
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The ctor file is read-only and specifies the cache's object
constructor function, which is invoked for each object when a
new slab is allocated.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/deactivate_empty
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file deactivate_empty is read-only and specifies how many
times an empty cpu slab was deactivated.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/deactivate_full
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file deactivate_full is read-only and specifies how many
times a full cpu slab was deactivated.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/deactivate_remote_frees
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file deactivate_remote_frees is read-only and specifies how
many times a cpu slab has been deactivated and contained free
objects that were freed remotely.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/deactivate_to_head
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file deactivate_to_head is read-only and specifies how
many times a partial cpu slab was deactivated and added to the
head of its node's partial list.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/deactivate_to_tail
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file deactivate_to_tail is read-only and specifies how
many times a partial cpu slab was deactivated and added to the
tail of its node's partial list.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/destroy_by_rcu
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The destroy_by_rcu file is read-only and specifies whether
slabs (not objects) are freed by rcu.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/free_add_partial
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file free_add_partial is read-only and specifies how many
times an object has been freed in a full slab so that it had to
added to its node's partial list.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/free_calls
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The free_calls file is read-only and lists the locations of
object frees if slab debugging is enabled (see
Documentation/vm/slub.txt).
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/free_fastpath
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The free_fastpath file is read-only and specifies how many
objects have been freed using the fast path because it was an
object from the cpu slab.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/free_frozen
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The free_frozen file is read-only and specifies how many
objects have been freed to a frozen slab (i.e. a remote cpu
slab).
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/free_remove_partial
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file free_remove_partial is read-only and specifies how
many times an object has been freed to a now-empty slab so
that it had to be removed from its node's partial list.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/free_slab
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The free_slab file is read-only and specifies how many times an
empty slab has been freed back to the page allocator.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/free_slowpath
Date: February 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The free_slowpath file is read-only and specifies how many
objects have been freed using the slow path (i.e. to a full or
partial slab).
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/hwcache_align
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The hwcache_align file is read-only and specifies whether
objects are aligned on cachelines.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/min_partial
Date: February 2009
KernelVersion: 2.6.30
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Description:
The min_partial file specifies how many empty slabs shall
remain on a node's partial list to avoid the overhead of
allocating new slabs. Such slabs may be reclaimed by utilizing
the shrink file.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/object_size
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The object_size file is read-only and specifies the cache's
object size.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/objects
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The objects file is read-only and displays how many objects are
active and from which nodes they are from.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/objects_partial
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The objects_partial file is read-only and displays how many
objects are on partial slabs and from which nodes they are
from.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/objs_per_slab
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file objs_per_slab is read-only and specifies how many
objects may be allocated from a single slab of the order
specified in /sys/kernel/slab/cache/order.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/order
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The order file specifies the page order at which new slabs are
allocated. It is writable and can be changed to increase the
number of objects per slab. If a slab cannot be allocated
because of fragmentation, SLUB will retry with the minimum order
possible depending on its characteristics.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/order_fallback
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file order_fallback is read-only and specifies how many
times an allocation of a new slab has not been possible at the
cache's order and instead fallen back to its minimum possible
order.
Available when CONFIG_SLUB_STATS is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/partial
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The partial file is read-only and displays how long many
partial slabs there are and how long each node's list is.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/poison
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The poison file specifies whether objects should be poisoned
when a new slab is allocated.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/reclaim_account
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The reclaim_account file specifies whether the cache's objects
are reclaimable (and grouped by their mobility).
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/red_zone
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The red_zone file specifies whether the cache's objects are red
zoned.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/remote_node_defrag_ratio
Date: January 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.25
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The file remote_node_defrag_ratio specifies the percentage of
times SLUB will attempt to refill the cpu slab with a partial
slab from a remote node as opposed to allocating a new slab on
the local node. This reduces the amount of wasted memory over
the entire system but can be expensive.
Available when CONFIG_NUMA is enabled.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/sanity_checks
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The sanity_checks file specifies whether expensive checks
should be performed on free and, at minimum, enables double free
checks. Caches that enable sanity_checks cannot be merged with
caches that do not.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/shrink
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The shrink file is written when memory should be reclaimed from
a cache. Empty partial slabs are freed and the partial list is
sorted so the slabs with the fewest available objects are used
first.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/slab_size
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The slab_size file is read-only and specifies the object size
with metadata (debugging information and alignment) in bytes.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/slabs
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The slabs file is read-only and displays how long many slabs
there are (both cpu and partial) and from which nodes they are
from.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/store_user
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The store_user file specifies whether the location of
allocation or free should be tracked for a cache.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/total_objects
Date: April 2008
KernelVersion: 2.6.26
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The total_objects file is read-only and displays how many total
objects a cache has and from which nodes they are from.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/trace
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
The trace file specifies whether object allocations and frees
should be traced.
What: /sys/kernel/slab/cache/validate
Date: May 2007
KernelVersion: 2.6.22
Contact: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>,
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Description:
Writing to the validate file causes SLUB to traverse all of its
cache's objects and check the validity of metadata.

19
Documentation/Changes
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
isdn4k-utils.
o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version
o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
o udev 081 # udevinfo -V
o grub 0.93 # grub --version
o mcelog 0.6
Kernel compilation
==================
@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ computer.
Make
----
You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel.
You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
Binutils
--------
@ -276,6 +277,16 @@ before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
that is possible.
mcelog
------
In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
process machine checks.
Getting updated software
========================
@ -365,6 +376,10 @@ FUSE
----
o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
mcelog
------
o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/mcelog/>
Networking
**********

4
Documentation/CodingStyle
View File

@ -698,8 +698,8 @@ very often is not. Abundant use of the inline keyword leads to a much bigger
kernel, which in turn slows the system as a whole down, due to a bigger
icache footprint for the CPU and simply because there is less memory
available for the pagecache. Just think about it; a pagecache miss causes a
disk seek, which easily takes 5 miliseconds. There are a LOT of cpu cycles
that can go into these 5 miliseconds.
disk seek, which easily takes 5 milliseconds. There are a LOT of cpu cycles
that can go into these 5 milliseconds.
A reasonable rule of thumb is to not put inline at functions that have more
than 3 lines of code in them. An exception to this rule are the cases where

16
Documentation/DMA-API.txt
View File

@ -676,8 +676,8 @@ this directory the following files can currently be found:
dma-api/all_errors This file contains a numeric value. If this
value is not equal to zero the debugging code
will print a warning for every error it finds
into the kernel log. Be carefull with this
option. It can easily flood your logs.
into the kernel log. Be careful with this
option, as it can easily flood your logs.
dma-api/disabled This read-only file contains the character 'Y'
if the debugging code is disabled. This can
@ -704,12 +704,24 @@ this directory the following files can currently be found:
The current number of free dma_debug_entries
in the allocator.
dma-api/driver-filter
You can write a name of a driver into this file
to limit the debug output to requests from that
particular driver. Write an empty string to
that file to disable the filter and see
all errors again.
If you have this code compiled into your kernel it will be enabled by default.
If you want to boot without the bookkeeping anyway you can provide
'dma_debug=off' as a boot parameter. This will disable DMA-API debugging.
Notice that you can not enable it again at runtime. You have to reboot to do
so.
If you want to see debug messages only for a special device driver you can
specify the dma_debug_driver=<drivername> parameter. This will enable the
driver filter at boot time. The debug code will only print errors for that
driver afterwards. This filter can be disabled or changed later using debugfs.
When the code disables itself at runtime this is most likely because it ran
out of dma_debug_entries. These entries are preallocated at boot. The number
of preallocated entries is defined per architecture. If it is too low for you

3
Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
View File

@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml mcabook.xml device-drivers.xml \
gadget.xml libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml \
genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
mac80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \
alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml
alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml \
tracepoint.xml
###
# The build process is as follows (targets):

89
Documentation/DocBook/tracepoint.tmpl Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="Tracepoints">
<bookinfo>
<title>The Linux Kernel Tracepoint API</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jason</firstname>
<surname>Baron</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>jbaron@redhat.com</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
Tracepoints are static probe points that are located in strategic points
throughout the kernel. 'Probes' register/unregister with tracepoints
via a callback mechanism. The 'probes' are strictly typed functions that
are passed a unique set of parameters defined by each tracepoint.
</para>
<para>
From this simple callback mechanism, 'probes' can be used to profile, debug,
and understand kernel behavior. There are a number of tools that provide a
framework for using 'probes'. These tools include Systemtap, ftrace, and
LTTng.
</para>
<para>
Tracepoints are defined in a number of header files via various macros. Thus,
the purpose of this document is to provide a clear accounting of the available
tracepoints. The intention is to understand not only what tracepoints are
available but also to understand where future tracepoints might be added.
</para>
<para>
The API presented has functions of the form:
<function>trace_tracepointname(function parameters)</function>. These are the
tracepoints callbacks that are found throughout the code. Registering and
unregistering probes with these callback sites is covered in the
<filename>Documentation/trace/*</filename> directory.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="irq">
<title>IRQ</title>
!Iinclude/trace/events/irq.h
</chapter>
</book>

2
Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt
View File

@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ to another chain) checking the final 'nulls' value if
the lookup met the end of chain. If final 'nulls' value
is not the slot number, then we must restart the lookup at
the beginning. If the object was moved to the same chain,
then the reader doesnt care : It might eventually
then the reader doesn't care : It might eventually
scan the list again without harm.

102
Documentation/RCU/trace.txt
View File

@ -192,23 +192,24 @@ rcu/rcuhier (which displays the struct rcu_node hierarchy).
The output of "cat rcu/rcudata" looks as follows:
rcu:
0 c=4011 g=4012 pq=1 pqc=4011 qp=0 rpfq=1 rp=3c2a dt=23301/73 dn=2 df=1882 of=0 ri=2126 ql=2 b=10
1 c=4011 g=4012 pq=1 pqc=4011 qp=0 rpfq=3 rp=39a6 dt=78073/1 dn=2 df=1402 of=0 ri=1875 ql=46 b=10
2 c=4010 g=4010 pq=1 pqc=4010 qp=0 rpfq=-5 rp=1d12 dt=16646/0 dn=2 df=3140 of=0 ri=2080 ql=0 b=10
3 c=4012 g=4013 pq=1 pqc=4012 qp=1 rpfq=3 rp=2b50 dt=21159/1 dn=2 df=2230 of=0 ri=1923 ql=72 b=10
4 c=4012 g=4013 pq=1 pqc=4012 qp=1 rpfq=3 rp=1644 dt=5783/1 dn=2 df=3348 of=0 ri=2805 ql=7 b=10
5 c=4012 g=4013 pq=0 pqc=4011 qp=1 rpfq=3 rp=1aac dt=5879/1 dn=2 df=3140 of=0 ri=2066 ql=10 b=10
6 c=4012 g=4013 pq=1 pqc=4012 qp=1 rpfq=3 rp=ed8 dt=5847/1 dn=2 df=3797 of=0 ri=1266 ql=10 b=10
7 c=4012 g=4013 pq=1 pqc=4012 qp=1 rpfq=3 rp=1fa2 dt=6199/1 dn=2 df=2795 of=0 ri=2162 ql=28 b=10
rcu:
0 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=10951/1 dn=0 df=1101 of=0 ri=36 ql=0 b=10
1 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=16117/1 dn=0 df=1015 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
2 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1445/1 dn=0 df=1839 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
3 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=6681/1 dn=0 df=1545 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
4 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1003/1 dn=0 df=1992 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
5 c=17829 g=17830 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3887/1 dn=0 df=3331 of=0 ri=4 ql=2 b=10
6 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=859/1 dn=0 df=3224 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
7 c=17829 g=17830 pq=0 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3761/1 dn=0 df=1818 of=0 ri=0 ql=2 b=10
rcu_bh:
0 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=0 rpfq=-145 rp=21d6 dt=23301/73 dn=2 df=0 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
1 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=1 rpfq=-170 rp=20ce dt=78073/1 dn=2 df=26 of=0 ri=5 ql=0 b=10
2 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=1 rpfq=-83 rp=fbd dt=16646/0 dn=2 df=28 of=0 ri=4 ql=0 b=10
3 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=0 rpfq=-105 rp=178c dt=21159/1 dn=2 df=28 of=0 ri=2 ql=0 b=10
4 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=1 rpfq=-30 rp=b54 dt=5783/1 dn=2 df=32 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
5 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=1 rpfq=-29 rp=df5 dt=5879/1 dn=2 df=30 of=0 ri=3 ql=0 b=10
6 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=1 rpfq=-28 rp=788 dt=5847/1 dn=2 df=32 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
7 c=-268 g=-268 pq=1 pqc=-268 qp=1 rpfq=-53 rp=1098 dt=6199/1 dn=2 df=30 of=0 ri=3 ql=0 b=10
0 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=10951/1 dn=0 df=0 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
1 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=16117/1 dn=0 df=13 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
2 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1445/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
3 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=6681/1 dn=0 df=9 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
4 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1003/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
5 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3887/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
6 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=859/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
7 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3761/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
The first section lists the rcu_data structures for rcu, the second for
rcu_bh. Each section has one line per CPU, or eight for this 8-CPU system.
@ -253,12 +254,6 @@ o "pqc" indicates which grace period the last-observed quiescent
o "qp" indicates that RCU still expects a quiescent state from
this CPU.
o "rpfq" is the number of rcu_pending() calls on this CPU required
to induce this CPU to invoke force_quiescent_state().
o "rp" is low-order four hex digits of the count of how many times
rcu_pending() has been invoked on this CPU.
o "dt" is the current value of the dyntick counter that is incremented
when entering or leaving dynticks idle state, either by the
scheduler or by irq. The number after the "/" is the interrupt
@ -305,6 +300,9 @@ o "b" is the batch limit for this CPU. If more than this number
of RCU callbacks is ready to invoke, then the remainder will
be deferred.
There is also an rcu/rcudata.csv file with the same information in
comma-separated-variable spreadsheet format.
The output of "cat rcu/rcugp" looks as follows:
@ -411,3 +409,63 @@ o Each element of the form "1/1 0:127 ^0" represents one struct
For example, the first entry at the lowest level shows
"^0", indicating that it corresponds to bit zero in
the first entry at the middle level.
The output of "cat rcu/rcu_pending" looks as follows:
rcu:
0 np=255892 qsp=53936 cbr=0 cng=14417 gpc=10033 gps=24320 nf=6445 nn=146741
1 np=261224 qsp=54638 cbr=0 cng=25723 gpc=16310 gps=2849 nf=5912 nn=155792
2 np=237496 qsp=49664 cbr=0 cng=2762 gpc=45478 gps=1762 nf=1201 nn=136629
3 np=236249 qsp=48766 cbr=0 cng=286 gpc=48049 gps=1218 nf=207 nn=137723
4 np=221310 qsp=46850 cbr=0 cng=26 gpc=43161 gps=4634 nf=3529 nn=123110
5 np=237332 qsp=48449 cbr=0 cng=54 gpc=47920 gps=3252 nf=201 nn=137456
6 np=219995 qsp=46718 cbr=0 cng=50 gpc=42098 gps=6093 nf=4202 nn=120834
7 np=249893 qsp=49390 cbr=0 cng=72 gpc=38400 gps=17102 nf=41 nn=144888
rcu_bh:
0 np=146741 qsp=1419 cbr=0 cng=6 gpc=0 gps=0 nf=2 nn=145314
1 np=155792 qsp=12597 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=8 nf=3 nn=143180
2 np=136629 qsp=18680 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=7 gps=6 nf=0 nn=117936
3 np=137723 qsp=2843 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=10 gps=7 nf=0 nn=134863
4 np=123110 qsp=12433 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=4 gps=2 nf=0 nn=110671
5 np=137456 qsp=4210 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=5 nf=0 nn=133235
6 np=120834 qsp=9902 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=6 gps=3 nf=2 nn=110921
7 np=144888 qsp=26336 cbr=0 cng=0 gpc=8 gps=2 nf=0 nn=118542
As always, this is once again split into "rcu" and "rcu_bh" portions.
The fields are as follows:
o "np" is the number of times that __rcu_pending() has been invoked
for the corresponding flavor of RCU.
o "qsp" is the number of times that the RCU was waiting for a
quiescent state from this CPU.
o "cbr" is the number of times that this CPU had RCU callbacks
that had passed through a grace period, and were thus ready
to be invoked.
o "cng" is the number of times that this CPU needed another
grace period while RCU was idle.
o "gpc" is the number of times that an old grace period had
completed, but this CPU was not yet aware of it.
o "gps" is the number of times that a new grace period had started,
but this CPU was not yet aware of it.
o "nf" is the number of times that this CPU suspected that the
current grace period had run for too long, and thus needed to
be forced.
Please note that "forcing" consists of sending resched IPIs
to holdout CPUs. If that CPU really still is in an old RCU
read-side critical section, then we really do have to wait for it.
The assumption behing "forcing" is that the CPU is not still in
an old RCU read-side critical section, but has not yet responded
for some other reason.
o "nn" is the number of times that this CPU needed nothing. Alert
readers will note that the rcu "nn" number for a given CPU very
closely matches the rcu_bh "np" number for that same CPU. This
is due to short-circuit evaluation in rcu_pending().

2
Documentation/SM501.txt
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Copyright 2006, 2007 Simtec Electronics
The Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip is a multifunction device
which may provide numerous interfaces including USB host controller USB gadget,
Asyncronous Serial ports, Audio functions and a dual display video interface.
asynchronous serial ports, audio functions, and a dual display video interface.
The device may be connected by PCI or local bus with varying functions enabled.
Core

20
Documentation/Smack.txt
View File

@ -184,8 +184,9 @@ length. Single character labels using special characters, that being anything
other than a letter or digit, are reserved for use by the Smack development
team. Smack labels are unstructured, case sensitive, and the only operation
ever performed on them is comparison for equality. Smack labels cannot
contain unprintable characters or the "/" (slash) character. Smack labels
cannot begin with a '-', which is reserved for special options.
contain unprintable characters, the "/" (slash), the "\" (backslash), the "'"
(quote) and '"' (double-quote) characters.
Smack labels cannot begin with a '-', which is reserved for special options.
There are some predefined labels:
@ -523,3 +524,18 @@ Smack supports some mount options:
These mount options apply to all file system types.
Smack auditing
If you want Smack auditing of security events, you need to set CONFIG_AUDIT
in your kernel configuration.
By default, all denied events will be audited. You can change this behavior by
writing a single character to the /smack/logging file :
0 : no logging
1 : log denied (default)
2 : log accepted
3 : log denied & accepted
Events are logged as 'key=value' pairs, for each event you at least will get
the subjet, the object, the rights requested, the action, the kernel function
that triggered the event, plus other pairs depending on the type of event
audited.

82
Documentation/SubmittingPatches
View File

@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ Be as specific as possible. The WORST descriptions possible include
things like "update driver X", "bug fix for driver X", or "this patch
includes updates for subsystem X. Please apply."
The maintainer will thank you if you write your patch description in a
form which can be easily pulled into Linux's source code management
system, git, as a "commit log". See #15, below.
If your description starts to get long, that's a sign that you probably
need to split up your patch. See #3, next.
@ -183,8 +187,9 @@ Even if the maintainer did not respond in step #4, make sure to ALWAYS
copy the maintainer when you change their code.
For small patches you may want to CC the Trivial Patch Monkey
trivial@kernel.org managed by Jesper Juhl; which collects "trivial"
patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
trivial@kernel.org which collects "trivial" patches. Have a look
into the MAINTAINERS file for its current manager.
Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
Spelling fixes in documentation
Spelling fixes which could break grep(1)
Warning fixes (cluttering with useless warnings is bad)
@ -196,7 +201,6 @@ patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
since people copy, as long as it's trivial)
Any fix by the author/maintainer of the file (ie. patch monkey
in re-transmission mode)
URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/juhl/trivial/>
@ -405,7 +409,14 @@ person it names. This tag documents that potentially interested parties
have been included in the discussion
14) Using Tested-by: and Reviewed-by:
14) Using Reported-by:, Tested-by: and Reviewed-by:
If this patch fixes a problem reported by somebody else, consider adding a
Reported-by: tag to credit the reporter for their contribution. Please
note that this tag should not be added without the reporter's permission,
especially if the problem was not reported in a public forum. That said,
if we diligently credit our bug reporters, they will, hopefully, be
inspired to help us again in the future.
A Tested-by: tag indicates that the patch has been successfully tested (in
some environment) by the person named. This tag informs maintainers that
@ -444,7 +455,7 @@ offer a Reviewed-by tag for a patch. This tag serves to give credit to
reviewers and to inform maintainers of the degree of review which has been
done on the patch. Reviewed-by: tags, when supplied by reviewers known to
understand the subject area and to perform thorough reviews, will normally
increase the liklihood of your patch getting into the kernel.
increase the likelihood of your patch getting into the kernel.
15) The canonical patch format
@ -485,12 +496,33 @@ phrase" should not be a filename. Do not use the same "summary
phrase" for every patch in a whole patch series (where a "patch
series" is an ordered sequence of multiple, related patches).
Bear in mind that the "summary phrase" of your email becomes
a globally-unique identifier for that patch. It propagates
all the way into the git changelog. The "summary phrase" may
later be used in developer discussions which refer to the patch.
People will want to google for the "summary phrase" to read
discussion regarding that patch.
Bear in mind that the "summary phrase" of your email becomes a
globally-unique identifier for that patch. It propagates all the way
into the git changelog. The "summary phrase" may later be used in
developer discussions which refer to the patch. People will want to
google for the "summary phrase" to read discussion regarding that
patch. It will also be the only thing that people may quickly see
when, two or three months later, they are going through perhaps
thousands of patches using tools such as "gitk" or "git log
--oneline".
For these reasons, the "summary" must be no more than 70-75
characters, and it must describe both what the patch changes, as well
as why the patch might be necessary. It is challenging to be both
succinct and descriptive, but that is what a well-written summary
should do.
The "summary phrase" may be prefixed by tags enclosed in square
brackets: "Subject: [PATCH tag] <summary phrase>". The tags are not
considered part of the summary phrase, but describe how the patch
should be treated. Common tags might include a version descriptor if
the multiple versions of the patch have been sent out in response to
comments (i.e., "v1, v2, v3"), or "RFC" to indicate a request for
comments. If there are four patches in a patch series the individual
patches may be numbered like this: 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4. This assures
that developers understand the order in which the patches should be
applied and that they have reviewed or applied all of the patches in
the patch series.
A couple of example Subjects:
@ -510,19 +542,31 @@ the patch author in the changelog.
The explanation body will be committed to the permanent source
changelog, so should make sense to a competent reader who has long
since forgotten the immediate details of the discussion that might
have led to this patch.
have led to this patch. Including symptoms of the failure which the
patch addresses (kernel log messages, oops messages, etc.) is
especially useful for people who might be searching the commit logs
looking for the applicable patch. If a patch fixes a compile failure,
it may not be necessary to include _all_ of the compile failures; just
enough that it is likely that someone searching for the patch can find
it. As in the "summary phrase", it is important to be both succinct as
well as descriptive.
The "---" marker line serves the essential purpose of marking for patch
handling tools where the changelog message ends.
One good use for the additional comments after the "---" marker is for
a diffstat, to show what files have changed, and the number of inserted
and deleted lines per file. A diffstat is especially useful on bigger
patches. Other comments relevant only to the moment or the maintainer,
not suitable for the permanent changelog, should also go here.
Use diffstat options "-p 1 -w 70" so that filenames are listed from the
top of the kernel source tree and don't use too much horizontal space
(easily fit in 80 columns, maybe with some indentation).
a diffstat, to show what files have changed, and the number of
inserted and deleted lines per file. A diffstat is especially useful
on bigger patches. Other comments relevant only to the moment or the
maintainer, not suitable for the permanent changelog, should also go
here. A good example of such comments might be "patch changelogs"
which describe what has changed between the v1 and v2 version of the
patch.
If you are going to include a diffstat after the "---" marker, please
use diffstat options "-p 1 -w 70" so that filenames are listed from
the top of the kernel source tree and don't use too much horizontal
space (easily fit in 80 columns, maybe with some indentation).
See more details on the proper patch format in the following
references.

10
Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ PIN Numbers
-----------
Each pin has an unique number associated with it in regs-gpio.h,
eg S3C2410_GPA0 or S3C2410_GPF1. These defines are used to tell
eg S3C2410_GPA(0) or S3C2410_GPF(1). These defines are used to tell
the GPIO functions which pin is to be used.
@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ Configuring a pin
Eg:
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPA0, S3C2410_GPA0_ADDR0);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE8, S3C2410_GPE8_SDDAT1);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPA(0), S3C2410_GPA0_ADDR0);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE(8), S3C2410_GPE8_SDDAT1);
which would turn GPA0 into the lowest Address line A0, and set
GPE8 to be connected to the SDIO/MMC controller's SDDAT1 line.
which would turn GPA(0) into the lowest Address line A0, and set
GPE(8) to be connected to the SDIO/MMC controller's SDDAT1 line.
Reading the current configuration

2
Documentation/block/biodoc.txt
View File

@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ a virtual address mapping (unlike the earlier scheme of virtual address
do not have a corresponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and
low-memory pages.
Note: Please refer to Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion
Note: Please refer to Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion
on PCI high mem DMA aspects and mapping of scatter gather lists, and support
for 64 bit PCI.

2
Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt
View File

@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ same criteria as reads.
front_merges (bool)
------------
Sometimes it happens that a request enters the io scheduler that is contigious
Sometimes it happens that a request enters the io scheduler that is contiguous
with a request that is already on the queue. Either it fits in the back of that
request, or it fits at the front. That is called either a back merge candidate
or a front merge candidate. Due to the way files are typically laid out,

2
Documentation/braille-console.txt
View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ parameter.
For simplicity, only one braille console can be enabled, other uses of
console=brl,... will be discarded. Also note that it does not interfere with
the console selection mecanism described in serial-console.txt
the console selection mechanism described in serial-console.txt
For now, only the VisioBraille device is supported.

4
Documentation/dell_rbu.txt
View File

@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ Do the steps below to download the BIOS image.
The /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries will remain till the following is
done.
echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading.
echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
Until this step is completed the driver cannot be unloaded.
Also echoing either mono ,packet or init in to image_type will free up the
Also echoing either mono, packet or init in to image_type will free up the
memory allocated by the driver.
If a user by accident executes steps 1 and 3 above without executing step 2;

31
Documentation/development-process/5.Posting
View File

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ which takes quite a bit of time and thought after the "real work" has been
done. When done properly, though, it is time well spent.
5.4: PATCH FORMATTING
5.4: PATCH FORMATTING AND CHANGELOGS
So now you have a perfect series of patches for posting, but the work is
not done quite yet. Each patch needs to be formatted into a message which
@ -146,8 +146,33 @@ that end, each patch will be composed of the following:
- One or more tag lines, with, at a minimum, one Signed-off-by: line from
the author of the patch. Tags will be described in more detail below.
The above three items should, normally, be the text used when committing
the change to a revision control system. They are followed by:
The items above, together, form the changelog for the patch. Writing good
changelogs is a crucial but often-neglected art; it's worth spending
another moment discussing this issue. When writing a changelog, you should
bear in mind that a number of different people will be reading your words.
These include subsystem maintainers and reviewers who need to decide
whether the patch should be included, distributors and other maintainers
trying to decide whether a patch should be backported to other kernels, bug
hunters wondering whether the patch is responsible for a problem they are
chasing, users who want to know how the kernel has changed, and more. A
good changelog conveys the needed information to all of these people in the
most direct and concise way possible.
To that end, the summary line should describe the effects of and motivation
for the change as well as possible given the one-line constraint. The
detailed description can then amplify on those topics and provide any
needed additional information. If the patch fixes a bug, cite the commit
which introduced the bug if possible. If a problem is associated with
specific log or compiler output, include that output to help others
searching for a solution to the same problem. If the change is meant to
support other changes coming in later patch, say so. If internal APIs are
changed, detail those changes and how other developers should respond. In
general, the more you can put yourself into the shoes of everybody who will
be reading your changelog, the better that changelog (and the kernel as a
whole) will be.
Needless to say, the changelog should be the text used when committing the
change to a revision control system. It will be followed by:
- The patch itself, in the unified ("-u") patch format. Using the "-p"
option to diff will associate function names with changes, making the

2
Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt
View File

@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ For example, you can do something like the following.
void my_midlayer_destroy_something()
{
devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_soemthing);
devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something);
}

8
Documentation/edac.txt
View File

@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ first time, it was renamed to 'EDAC'.
The bluesmoke project at sourceforge.net is now utilized as a 'staging area'
for EDAC development, before it is sent upstream to kernel.org
At the bluesmoke/EDAC project site, is a series of quilt patches against
recent kernels, stored in a SVN respository. For easier downloading, there
At the bluesmoke/EDAC project site is a series of quilt patches against
recent kernels, stored in a SVN repository. For easier downloading, there
is also a tarball snapshot available.
============================================================================
@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ the vendor should tie the parity status bits to 0 if they do not intend
to generate parity. Some vendors do not do this, and thus the parity bit
can "float" giving false positives.
In the kernel there is a pci device attribute located in sysfs that is
In the kernel there is a PCI device attribute located in sysfs that is
checked by the EDAC PCI scanning code. If that attribute is set,
PCI parity/error scannining is skipped for that device. The attribute
PCI parity/error scanning is skipped for that device. The attribute
is:
broken_parity_status

2
Documentation/fb/sh7760fb.txt
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
SH7760/SH7763 integrated LCDC Framebuffer driver
================================================
0. Overwiew
0. Overview
-----------
The SH7760/SH7763 have an integrated LCD Display controller (LCDC) which
supports (in theory) resolutions ranging from 1x1 to 1024x1024,

10
Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
View File

@ -444,3 +444,13 @@ What: CONFIG_RFKILL_INPUT
When: 2.6.33
Why: Should be implemented in userspace, policy daemon.
Who: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
----------------------------
What: CONFIG_X86_OLD_MCE
When: 2.6.32
Why: Remove the old legacy 32bit machine check code. This has been
superseded by the newer machine check code from the 64bit port,
but the old version has been kept around for easier testing. Note this
doesn't impact the old P5 and WinChip machine check handlers.
Who: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>

2
Documentation/filesystems/autofs4-mount-control.txt
View File

@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ The call requires an initialized struct autofs_dev_ioctl. There are two
possible variations. Both use the path field set to the path of the mount
point to check and the size field adjusted appropriately. One uses the
ioctlfd field to identify a specific mount point to check while the other
variation uses the path and optionaly arg1 set to an autofs mount type.
variation uses the path and optionally arg1 set to an autofs mount type.
The call returns 1 if this is a mount point and sets arg1 to the device
number of the mount and field arg2 to the relevant super block magic
number (described below) or 0 if it isn't a mountpoint. In both cases

2
Documentation/filesystems/caching/netfs-api.txt
View File

@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ This has the following fields:
have index children.
If this function is not supplied or if it returns NULL then the first
cache in the parent's list will be chosed, or failing that, the first
cache in the parent's list will be chosen, or failing that, the first
cache in the master list.
(4) A function to retrieve an object's key from the netfs [mandatory].

158
Documentation/filesystems/debugfs.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
Copyright 2009 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Debugfs exists as a simple way for kernel developers to make information
available to user space. Unlike /proc, which is only meant for information
about a process, or sysfs, which has strict one-value-per-file rules,
debugfs has no rules at all. Developers can put any information they want
there. The debugfs filesystem is also intended to not serve as a stable
ABI to user space; in theory, there are no stability constraints placed on
files exported there. The real world is not always so simple, though [1];
even debugfs interfaces are best designed with the idea that they will need
to be maintained forever.
Debugfs is typically mounted with a command like:
mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
(Or an equivalent /etc/fstab line).
Note that the debugfs API is exported GPL-only to modules.
Code using debugfs should include <linux/debugfs.h>. Then, the first order
of business will be to create at least one directory to hold a set of
debugfs files:
struct dentry *debugfs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent);
This call, if successful, will make a directory called name underneath the
indicated parent directory. If parent is NULL, the directory will be
created in the debugfs root. On success, the return value is a struct
dentry pointer which can be used to create files in the directory (and to
clean it up at the end). A NULL return value indicates that something went
wrong. If ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) is returned, that is an indication that the
kernel has been built without debugfs support and none of the functions
described below will work.
The most general way to create a file within a debugfs directory is with:
struct dentry *debugfs_create_file(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, void *data,
const struct file_operations *fops);
Here, name is the name of the file to create, mode describes the access
permissions the file should have, parent indicates the directory which
should hold the file, data will be stored in the i_private field of the
resulting inode structure, and fops is a set of file operations which
implement the file's behavior. At a minimum, the read() and/or write()
operations should be provided; others can be included as needed. Again,
the return value will be a dentry pointer to the created file, NULL for
error, or ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) if debugfs support is missing.
In a number of cases, the creation of a set of file operations is not
actually necessary; the debugfs code provides a number of helper functions
for simple situations. Files containing a single integer value can be
created with any of:
struct dentry *debugfs_create_u8(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_u16(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_u32(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_u64(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
These files support both reading and writing the given value; if a specific
file should not be written to, simply set the mode bits accordingly. The
values in these files are in decimal; if hexadecimal is more appropriate,
the following functions can be used instead:
struct dentry *debugfs_create_x8(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_x16(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_x32(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
Note that there is no debugfs_create_x64().
These functions are useful as long as the developer knows the size of the
value to be exported. Some types can have different widths on different
architectures, though, complicating the situation somewhat. There is a
function meant to help out in one special case:
struct dentry *debugfs_create_size_t(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent,
size_t *value);
As might be expected, this function will create a debugfs file to represent
a variable of type size_t.
Boolean values can be placed in debugfs with:
struct dentry *debugfs_create_bool(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
A read on the resulting file will yield either Y (for non-zero values) or
N, followed by a newline. If written to, it will accept either upper- or
lower-case values, or 1 or 0. Any other input will be silently ignored.
Finally, a block of arbitrary binary data can be exported with:
struct debugfs_blob_wrapper {
void *data;
unsigned long size;
};
struct dentry *debugfs_create_blob(const char *name, mode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent,
struct debugfs_blob_wrapper *blob);
A read of this file will return the data pointed to by the
debugfs_blob_wrapper structure. Some drivers use "blobs" as a simple way
to return several lines of (static) formatted text output. This function
can be used to export binary information, but there does not appear to be
any code which does so in the mainline. Note that all files created with
debugfs_create_blob() are read-only.
There are a couple of other directory-oriented helper functions:
struct dentry *debugfs_rename(struct dentry *old_dir,
struct dentry *old_dentry,
struct dentry *new_dir,
const char *new_name);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_symlink(const char *name,
struct dentry *parent,
const char *target);
A call to debugfs_rename() will give a new name to an existing debugfs
file, possibly in a different directory. The new_name must not exist prior
to the call; the return value is old_dentry with updated information.
Symbolic links can be created with debugfs_create_symlink().
There is one important thing that all debugfs users must take into account:
there is no automatic cleanup of any directories created in debugfs. If a
module is unloaded without explicitly removing debugfs entries, the result
will be a lot of stale pointers and no end of highly antisocial behavior.
So all debugfs users - at least those which can be built as modules - must
be prepared to remove all files and directories they create there. A file
can be removed with:
void debugfs_remove(struct dentry *dentry);
The dentry value can be NULL, in which case nothing will be removed.
Once upon a time, debugfs users were required to remember the dentry
pointer for every debugfs file they created so that all files could be
cleaned up. We live in more civilized times now, though, and debugfs users
can call:
void debugfs_remove_recursive(struct dentry *dentry);
If this function is passed a pointer for the dentry corresponding to the
top-level directory, the entire hierarchy below that directory will be
removed.
Notes:
[1] http://lwn.net/Articles/309298/

6
Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
View File

@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ max_batch_time=usec Maximum amount of time ext4 should wait for
amount of time (on average) that it takes to
finish committing a transaction. Call this time
the "commit time". If the time that the
transactoin has been running is less than the
transaction has been running is less than the
commit time, ext4 will try sleeping for the
commit time to see if other operations will join
the transaction. The commit time is capped by
@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ noauto_da_alloc replacing existing files via patterns such as
journal commit, in the default data=ordered
mode, the data blocks of the new file are forced
to disk before the rename() operation is
commited. This provides roughly the same level
committed. This provides roughly the same level
of guarantees as ext3, and avoids the
"zero-length" problem that can happen when a
system crashes before the delayed allocation
@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ written to the journal first, and then to its final location.
In the event of a crash, the journal can be replayed, bringing both data and
metadata into a consistent state. This mode is the slowest except when data
needs to be read from and written to disk at the same time where it
outperforms all others modes. Curently ext4 does not have delayed
outperforms all others modes. Currently ext4 does not have delayed
allocation support if this data journalling mode is selected.
References

2
Documentation/filesystems/fiemap.txt
View File

@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ fiemap_check_flags() helper:
int fiemap_check_flags(struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo, u32 fs_flags);
The struct fieinfo should be passed in as recieved from ioctl_fiemap(). The
The struct fieinfo should be passed in as received from ioctl_fiemap(). The
set of fiemap flags which the fs understands should be passed via fs_flags. If
fiemap_check_flags finds invalid user flags, it will place the bad values in
fieinfo->fi_flags and return -EBADR. If the file system gets -EBADR, from

2
Documentation/filesystems/gfs2-glocks.txt
View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ go_lock | Called for the first local holder of a lock
go_unlock | Called on the final local unlock of a lock
go_dump | Called to print content of object for debugfs file, or on
| error to dump glock to the log.
go_type; | The type of the glock, LM_TYPE_.....
go_type | The type of the glock, LM_TYPE_.....
go_min_hold_time | The minimum hold time
The minimum hold time for each lock is the time after a remote lock

19
Documentation/filesystems/gfs2.txt
View File

@ -11,18 +11,15 @@ their I/O so file system consistency is maintained. One of the nifty
features of GFS is perfect consistency -- changes made to the file system
on one machine show up immediately on all other machines in the cluster.
GFS uses interchangable inter-node locking mechanisms. Different lock
modules can plug into GFS and each file system selects the appropriate
lock module at mount time. Lock modules include:
GFS uses interchangable inter-node locking mechanisms, the currently
supported mechanisms are:
lock_nolock -- allows gfs to be used as a local file system
lock_dlm -- uses a distributed lock manager (dlm) for inter-node locking
The dlm is found at linux/fs/dlm/
In addition to interfacing with an external locking manager, a gfs lock
module is responsible for interacting with external cluster management
systems. Lock_dlm depends on user space cluster management systems found
Lock_dlm depends on user space cluster management systems found
at the URL above.
To use gfs as a local file system, no external clustering systems are
@ -31,13 +28,19 @@ needed, simply:
$ mkfs -t gfs2 -p lock_nolock -j 1 /dev/block_device
$ mount -t gfs2 /dev/block_device /dir
GFS2 is not on-disk compatible with previous versions of GFS.
If you are using Fedora, you need to install the gfs2-utils package
and, for lock_dlm, you will also need to install the cman package
and write a cluster.conf as per the documentation.
GFS2 is not on-disk compatible with previous versions of GFS, but it
is pretty close.
The following man pages can be found at the URL above:
gfs2_fsck to repair a filesystem
fsck.gfs2 to repair a filesystem
gfs2_grow to expand a filesystem online
gfs2_jadd to add journals to a filesystem online
gfs2_tool to manipulate, examine and tune a filesystem
gfs2_quota to examine and change quota values in a filesystem
gfs2_convert to convert a gfs filesystem to gfs2 in-place
mount.gfs2 to help mount(8) mount a filesystem
mkfs.gfs2 to make a filesystem

2
Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt
View File

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Installation
$ sudo cp utils/mount/mount.nfs /sbin/mount.nfs
In this location, mount.nfs will be invoked automatically for NFS mounts
by the system mount commmand.
by the system mount command.
NOTE: mount.nfs and therefore nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater is only needed
on the NFS client machine. You do not need this specific version of

4
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
View File

@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ just those considered 'most important'. The new vectors are:
RES, CAL, TLB -- rescheduling, call and TLB flush interrupts are
sent from one CPU to another per the needs of the OS. Typically,
their statistics are used by kernel developers and interested users to
determine the occurance of interrupt of the given type.
determine the occurrence of interrupts of the given type.
The above IRQ vectors are displayed only when relevent. For example,
the threshold vector does not exist on x86_64 platforms. Others are
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ Committed_AS: The amount of memory presently allocated on the system.
memory once that memory has been successfully allocated.
VmallocTotal: total size of vmalloc memory area
VmallocUsed: amount of vmalloc area which is used
VmallocChunk: largest contigious block of vmalloc area which is free
VmallocChunk: largest contiguous block of vmalloc area which is free
..............................................................................

2
Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt
View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ The 'rom' file is special in that it provides read-only access to the device's
ROM file, if available. It's disabled by default, however, so applications
should write the string "1" to the file to enable it before attempting a read
call, and disable it following the access by writing "0" to the file. Note
that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data succesfully.
that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data successfully.
In the event a driver is not bound to the device, it can be enabled using the
'enable' file, documented above.

2
Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt
View File

@ -133,4 +133,4 @@ RAM/SWAP in 10240 inodes and it is only accessible by root.
Author:
Christoph Rohland <cr@sap.com>, 1.12.01
Updated:
Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>, 4 June 2007
Hugh Dickins, 4 June 2007

8
Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt
View File

@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ sys_immutable -- If set, ATTR_SYS attribute on FAT is handled as
flush -- If set, the filesystem will try to flush to disk more
early than normal. Not set by default.
rodir -- FAT has the ATTR_RO (read-only) attribute. But on Windows,
the ATTR_RO of the directory will be just ignored actually,
and is used by only applications as flag. E.g. it's setted
for the customized folder.
rodir -- FAT has the ATTR_RO (read-only) attribute. On Windows,
the ATTR_RO of the directory will just be ignored,
and is used only by applications as a flag (e.g. it's set
for the customized folder).
If you want to use ATTR_RO as read-only flag even for
the directory, set this option.

131
Documentation/futex-requeue-pi.txt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
Futex Requeue PI
----------------
Requeueing of tasks from a non-PI futex to a PI futex requires
special handling in order to ensure the underlying rt_mutex is never
left without an owner if it has waiters; doing so would break the PI
boosting logic [see rt-mutex-desgin.txt] For the purposes of
brevity, this action will be referred to as "requeue_pi" throughout
this document. Priority inheritance is abbreviated throughout as
"PI".
Motivation
----------
Without requeue_pi, the glibc implementation of
pthread_cond_broadcast() must resort to waking all the tasks waiting
on a pthread_condvar and letting them try to sort out which task
gets to run first in classic thundering-herd formation. An ideal
implementation would wake the highest-priority waiter, and leave the
rest to the natural wakeup inherent in unlocking the mutex
associated with the condvar.
Consider the simplified glibc calls:
/* caller must lock mutex */
pthread_cond_wait(cond, mutex)
{
lock(cond->__data.__lock);
unlock(mutex);
do {
unlock(cond->__data.__lock);
futex_wait(cond->__data.__futex);
lock(cond->__data.__lock);
} while(...)
unlock(cond->__data.__lock);
lock(mutex);
}
pthread_cond_broadcast(cond)
{
lock(cond->__data.__lock);
unlock(cond->__data.__lock);
futex_requeue(cond->data.__futex, cond->mutex);
}
Once pthread_cond_broadcast() requeues the tasks, the cond->mutex
has waiters. Note that pthread_cond_wait() attempts to lock the
mutex only after it has returned to user space. This will leave the
underlying rt_mutex with waiters, and no owner, breaking the
previously mentioned PI-boosting algorithms.
In order to support PI-aware pthread_condvar's, the kernel needs to
be able to requeue tasks to PI futexes. This support implies that
upon a successful futex_wait system call, the caller would return to
user space already holding the PI futex. The glibc implementation
would be modified as follows:
/* caller must lock mutex */
pthread_cond_wait_pi(cond, mutex)
{
lock(cond->__data.__lock);
unlock(mutex);
do {
unlock(cond->__data.__lock);
futex_wait_requeue_pi(cond->__data.__futex);
lock(cond->__data.__lock);
} while(...)
unlock(cond->__data.__lock);
/* the kernel acquired the the mutex for us */
}
pthread_cond_broadcast_pi(cond)
{
lock(cond->__data.__lock);
unlock(cond->__data.__lock);
futex_requeue_pi(cond->data.__futex, cond->mutex);
}
The actual glibc implementation will likely test for PI and make the
necessary changes inside the existing calls rather than creating new
calls for the PI cases. Similar changes are needed for
pthread_cond_timedwait() and pthread_cond_signal().
Implementation
--------------
In order to ensure the rt_mutex has an owner if it has waiters, it
is necessary for both the requeue code, as well as the waiting code,
to be able to acquire the rt_mutex before returning to user space.
The requeue code cannot simply wake the waiter and leave it to
acquire the rt_mutex as it would open a race window between the
requeue call returning to user space and the waiter waking and
starting to run. This is especially true in the uncontended case.
The solution involves two new rt_mutex helper routines,
rt_mutex_start_proxy_lock() and rt_mutex_finish_proxy_lock(), which
allow the requeue code to acquire an uncontended rt_mutex on behalf
of the waiter and to enqueue the waiter on a contended rt_mutex.
Two new system calls provide the kernel<->user interface to
requeue_pi: FUTEX_WAIT_REQUEUE_PI and FUTEX_REQUEUE_CMP_PI.
FUTEX_WAIT_REQUEUE_PI is called by the waiter (pthread_cond_wait()
and pthread_cond_timedwait()) to block on the initial futex and wait
to be requeued to a PI-aware futex. The implementation is the
result of a high-speed collision between futex_wait() and
futex_lock_pi(), with some extra logic to check for the additional
wake-up scenarios.
FUTEX_REQUEUE_CMP_PI is called by the waker
(pthread_cond_broadcast() and pthread_cond_signal()) to requeue and
possibly wake the waiting tasks. Internally, this system call is
still handled by futex_requeue (by passing requeue_pi=1). Before
requeueing, futex_requeue() attempts to acquire the requeue target
PI futex on behalf of the top waiter. If it can, this waiter is
woken. futex_requeue() then proceeds to requeue the remaining
nr_wake+nr_requeue tasks to the PI futex, calling
rt_mutex_start_proxy_lock() prior to each requeue to prepare the
task as a waiter on the underlying rt_mutex. It is possible that
the lock can be acquired at this stage as well, if so, the next
waiter is woken to finish the acquisition of the lock.
FUTEX_REQUEUE_PI accepts nr_wake and nr_requeue as arguments, but
their sum is all that really matters. futex_requeue() will wake or
requeue up to nr_wake + nr_requeue tasks. It will wake only as many
tasks as it can acquire the lock for, which in the majority of cases
should be 0 as good programming practice dictates that the caller of
either pthread_cond_broadcast() or pthread_cond_signal() acquire the
mutex prior to making the call. FUTEX_REQUEUE_PI requires that
nr_wake=1. nr_requeue should be INT_MAX for broadcast and 0 for
signal.

2
Documentation/gpio.txt
View File

@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ debugfs interface, since it provides control over GPIO direction and
value instead of just showing a gpio state summary. Plus, it could be
present on production systems without debugging support.
Given approprate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
Given appropriate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
know for example that GPIO #23 controls the write protect line used to
protect boot loader segments in flash memory. System upgrade procedures
may need to temporarily remove that protection, first importing a GPIO,

6
Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface
View File

@ -150,6 +150,11 @@ fan[1-*]_min Fan minimum value
Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
RW
fan[1-*]_max Fan maximum value
Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
Only rarely supported by the hardware.
RW
fan[1-*]_input Fan input value.
Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
RO
@ -390,6 +395,7 @@ OR
in[0-*]_min_alarm
in[0-*]_max_alarm
fan[1-*]_min_alarm
fan[1-*]_max_alarm
temp[1-*]_min_alarm
temp[1-*]_max_alarm
temp[1-*]_crit_alarm

17
Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-ocores
View File

@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ platform_device with the base address and interrupt number. The
dev.platform_data of the device should also point to a struct
ocores_i2c_platform_data (see linux/i2c-ocores.h) describing the
distance between registers and the input clock speed.
There is also a possibility to attach a list of i2c_board_info which
the i2c-ocores driver will add to the bus upon creation.
E.G. something like:
@ -36,9 +38,24 @@ static struct resource ocores_resources[] = {
},
};
/* optional board info */
struct i2c_board_info ocores_i2c_board_info[] = {
{
I2C_BOARD_INFO("tsc2003", 0x48),
.platform_data = &tsc2003_platform_data,
.irq = TSC_IRQ
},
{
I2C_BOARD_INFO("adv7180", 0x42 >> 1),
.irq = ADV_IRQ
}
};
static struct ocores_i2c_platform_data myi2c_data = {
.regstep = 2, /* two bytes between registers */
.clock_khz = 50000, /* input clock of 50MHz */
.devices = ocores_i2c_board_info, /* optional table of devices */
.num_devices = ARRAY_SIZE(ocores_i2c_board_info), /* table size */
};
static struct platform_device myi2c = {

2
Documentation/ide/ide.txt
View File

@ -216,6 +216,8 @@ Other kernel parameters for ide_core are:
* "noflush=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable flush requests
* "nohpa=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable Host Protected Area
* "noprobe=[interface_number.device_number]" to skip probing
* "nowerr=[interface_number.device_number]" to ignore the WRERR_STAT bit

103
Documentation/input/multi-touch-protocol.txt
View File

@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ Usage
Anonymous finger details are sent sequentially as separate packets of ABS
events. Only the ABS_MT events are recognized as part of a finger
packet. The end of a packet is marked by calling the input_mt_sync()
function, which generates a SYN_MT_REPORT event. The end of multi-touch
transfer is marked by calling the usual input_sync() function.
function, which generates a SYN_MT_REPORT event. This instructs the
receiver to accept the data for the current finger and prepare to receive
another. The end of a multi-touch transfer is marked by calling the usual
input_sync() function. This instructs the receiver to act upon events
accumulated since last EV_SYN/SYN_REPORT and prepare to receive a new
set of events/packets.
A set of ABS_MT events with the desired properties is defined. The events
are divided into categories, to allow for partial implementation. The
@ -27,11 +31,26 @@ minimum set consists of ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, ABS_MT_POSITION_X and
ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, which allows for multiple fingers to be tracked. If the
device supports it, the ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR may be used to provide the size
of the approaching finger. Anisotropy and direction may be specified with
ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR and ABS_MT_ORIENTATION. Devices with
more granular information may specify general shapes as blobs, i.e., as a
sequence of rectangular shapes grouped together by an
ABS_MT_BLOB_ID. Finally, the ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE may be used to specify
whether the touching tool is a finger or a pen or something else.
ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR, ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR and ABS_MT_ORIENTATION. The
ABS_MT_TOOL_TYPE may be used to specify whether the touching tool is a
finger or a pen or something else. Devices with more granular information
may specify general shapes as blobs, i.e., as a sequence of rectangular
shapes grouped together by an ABS_MT_BLOB_ID. Finally, for the few devices
that currently support it, the ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID event may be used to
report finger tracking from hardware [5].
Here is what a minimal event sequence for a two-finger touch would look
like:
ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR
ABS_MT_POSITION_X
ABS_MT_POSITION_Y
SYN_MT_REPORT
ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR
ABS_MT_POSITION_X
ABS_MT_POSITION_Y
SYN_MT_REPORT
SYN_REPORT
Event Semantics
@ -44,24 +63,24 @@ ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR
The length of the major axis of the contact. The length should be given in
surface units. If the surface has an X times Y resolution, the largest
possible value of ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR is sqrt(X^2 + Y^2), the diagonal.
possible value of ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR is sqrt(X^2 + Y^2), the diagonal [4].
ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR
The length, in surface units, of the minor axis of the contact. If the
contact is circular, this event can be omitted.
contact is circular, this event can be omitted [4].
ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR
The length, in surface units, of the major axis of the approaching
tool. This should be understood as the size of the tool itself. The
orientation of the contact and the approaching tool are assumed to be the
same.
same [4].
ABS_MT_WIDTH_MINOR
The length, in surface units, of the minor axis of the approaching
tool. Omit if circular.
tool. Omit if circular [4].
The above four values can be used to derive additional information about
the contact. The ratio ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR / ABS_MT_WIDTH_MAJOR approximates
@ -70,14 +89,17 @@ different characteristic widths [1].
ABS_MT_ORIENTATION
The orientation of the ellipse. The value should describe half a revolution
clockwise around the touch center. The scale of the value is arbitrary, but
zero should be returned for an ellipse aligned along the Y axis of the
surface. As an example, an index finger placed straight onto the axis could
return zero orientation, something negative when twisted to the left, and
something positive when twisted to the right. This value can be omitted if
the touching object is circular, or if the information is not available in
the kernel driver.
The orientation of the ellipse. The value should describe a signed quarter
of a revolution clockwise around the touch center. The signed value range
is arbitrary, but zero should be returned for a finger aligned along the Y
axis of the surface, a negative value when finger is turned to the left, and
a positive value when finger turned to the right. When completely aligned with
the X axis, the range max should be returned. Orientation can be omitted
if the touching object is circular, or if the information is not available
in the kernel driver. Partial orientation support is possible if the device
can distinguish between the two axis, but not (uniquely) any values in
between. In such cases, the range of ABS_MT_ORIENTATION should be [0, 1]
[4].
ABS_MT_POSITION_X
@ -98,8 +120,35 @@ ABS_MT_BLOB_ID
The BLOB_ID groups several packets together into one arbitrarily shaped
contact. This is a low-level anonymous grouping, and should not be confused
with the high-level contactID, explained below. Most kernel drivers will
not have this capability, and can safely omit the event.
with the high-level trackingID [5]. Most kernel drivers will not have blob
capability, and can safely omit the event.
ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID
The TRACKING_ID identifies an initiated contact throughout its life cycle
[5]. There are currently only a few devices that support it, so this event
should normally be omitted.
Event Computation
-----------------
The flora of different hardware unavoidably leads to some devices fitting
better to the MT protocol than others. To simplify and unify the mapping,
this section gives recipes for how to compute certain events.
For devices reporting contacts as rectangular shapes, signed orientation
cannot be obtained. Assuming X and Y are the lengths of the sides of the
touching rectangle, here is a simple formula that retains the most
information possible:
ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR := max(X, Y)
ABS_MT_TOUCH_MINOR := min(X, Y)
ABS_MT_ORIENTATION := bool(X > Y)
The range of ABS_MT_ORIENTATION should be set to [0, 1], to indicate that
the device can distinguish between a finger along the Y axis (0) and a
finger along the X axis (1).
Finger Tracking
@ -109,14 +158,18 @@ The kernel driver should generate an arbitrary enumeration of the set of
anonymous contacts currently on the surface. The order in which the packets
appear in the event stream is not important.
The process of finger tracking, i.e., to assign a unique contactID to each
The process of finger tracking, i.e., to assign a unique trackingID to each
initiated contact on the surface, is left to user space; preferably the
multi-touch X driver [3]. In that driver, the contactID stays the same and
multi-touch X driver [3]. In that driver, the trackingID stays the same and
unique until the contact vanishes (when the finger leaves the surface). The
problem of assigning a set of anonymous fingers to a set of identified
fingers is a euclidian bipartite matching problem at each event update, and
relies on a sufficiently rapid update rate.
There are a few devices that support trackingID in hardware. User space can
make use of these native identifiers to reduce bandwidth and cpu usage.
Notes
-----
@ -136,5 +189,7 @@ could be used to derive tilt.
time of writing (April 2009), the MT protocol is not yet merged, and the
prototype implements finger matching, basic mouse support and two-finger
scrolling. The project aims at improving the quality of current multi-touch
functionality available in the synaptics X driver, and in addition
functionality available in the Synaptics X driver, and in addition
implement more advanced gestures.
[4] See the section on event computation.
[5] See the section on finger tracking.

152
Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt
View File

@ -35,6 +35,79 @@ new .config files to see the differences:
(Yes, we need something better here.)
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for '*config'
KCONFIG_CONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
file name to override the default name of ".config".
KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------
If this environment variable exists and is non-null, the timestamp line
in generated .config files is omitted.
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for '{allyes/allmod/allno/rand}config'
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
--------------------------------------------------
The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a
filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be
set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a
filename, "make *config" checks for a file named
"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command
that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file
is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced
values.
This enables you to create "miniature" config (miniconfig) or custom
config files containing just the config symbols that you are interested
in. Then the kernel config system generates the full .config file,
including symbols of your miniconfig file.
This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols. These variable
settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
Examples:
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
or
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
or
make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
mini-config files.
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for 'silentoldconfig'
KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
--------------------------------------------------
If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
config udpates (requires explicit updates).
KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"auto.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"autoconf.h" (header) file. Its default value is "include/linux/autoconf.h".
======================================================================
menuconfig
@ -60,10 +133,11 @@ Searching in menuconfig:
/^hotplug
______________________________________________________________________
Color Themes for 'menuconfig'
User interface options for 'menuconfig'
MENUCONFIG_COLOR
--------------------------------------------------
It is possible to select different color themes using the variable
MENUCONFIG_COLOR. To select a theme use:
@ -75,83 +149,13 @@ Available themes are:
classic => theme with blue background. The classic look
bluetitle => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables in 'menuconfig'
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
--------------------------------------------------
The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a
filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be
set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a
filename, "make *config" checks for a file named
"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command
that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file
is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced
values.
This enables you to create "miniature" config (miniconfig) or custom
config files containing just the config symbols that you are interested
in. Then the kernel config system generates the full .config file,
including dependencies of your miniconfig file, based on the miniconfig
file.
This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols. These variable
settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
Examples:
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
or
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
or
make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
mini-config files.
KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
--------------------------------------------------
If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
config udpates (requires explicit updates).
KCONFIG_CONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
file name to override the default name of ".config".
KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------
If this environment variable exists and is non-null, the timestamp line
in generated .config files is omitted.
KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"auto.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"autoconf.h" (header) file. Its default value is "include/linux/autoconf.h".
______________________________________________________________________
menuconfig User Interface Options
----------------------------------------------------------------------
MENUCONFIG_MODE
--------------------------------------------------
This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
Example:
MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu make menuconfig
make MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu menuconfig
======================================================================
xconfig

2
Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt
View File

@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ following files:
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build
all::
$(MAKE) -C $KERNELDIR M=`pwd` $@
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=`pwd` $@
# Module specific targets
genbin:

4
Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt
View File

@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ There are two possible methods of using Kdump.
2) Or use the system kernel binary itself as dump-capture kernel and there is
no need to build a separate dump-capture kernel. This is possible
only with the architecutres which support a relocatable kernel. As
only with the architectures which support a relocatable kernel. As
of today, i386, x86_64, ppc64 and ia64 architectures support relocatable
kernel.
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Dump-capture kernel config options (Arch Dependent, ia64)
----------------------------------------------------------
- No specific options are required to create a dump-capture kernel
for ia64, other than those specified in the arch idependent section
for ia64, other than those specified in the arch independent section
above. This means that it is possible to use the system kernel
as a dump-capture kernel if desired.

75
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
View File

@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ parameter is applicable:
ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
KMEMTRACE kmemtrace is enabled.
LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
LP Printer support is enabled.
LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
@ -329,11 +328,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
flushed before they will be reused, which
is a lot of faster
amd_iommu_size= [HW,X86-64]
Define the size of the aperture for the AMD IOMMU
driver. Possible values are:
'32M', '64M' (default), '128M', '256M', '512M', '1G'
amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
Format: <a>,<b>
@ -646,6 +640,13 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
architectural default is too low.
dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
The filter can be disabled or changed to another
driver later using sysfs.
dscc4.setup= [NET]
dtc3181e= [HW,SCSI]
@ -752,12 +753,25 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
ftrace=[tracer]
[ftrace] will set and start the specified tracer
[FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
as early as possible in order to facilitate early
boot debugging.
ftrace_dump_on_oops
[ftrace] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
[FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
ftrace_filter=[function-list]
[FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
list of functions. This list can be changed at run
time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
tracing directory.
ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
[FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
function-list. This list can be changed at run time
by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
tracing directory.
gamecon.map[2|3]=
[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
@ -873,11 +887,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
.vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .noprobe .nowerr .cdrom
.chs .ignore_cable are additional options
See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
.vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
.cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
@ -914,6 +925,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
Formt: { "sha1" | "md5" }
default: "sha1"
ima_tcb [IMA]
Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
opened for read by uid=0.
in2000= [HW,SCSI]
See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
@ -1054,24 +1071,19 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
zone if it does not.
kmemtrace.enable= [KNL,KMEMTRACE] Format: { yes | no }
Controls whether kmemtrace is enabled
at boot-time.
kmemtrace.subbufs=n [KNL,KMEMTRACE] Overrides the number of
subbufs kmemtrace's relay channel has. Set this
higher than default (KMEMTRACE_N_SUBBUFS in code) if
you experience buffer overruns.
kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles.
Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
(only serial suported for now)
(only serial supported for now)
Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
Ethernet adapter MAC address.
kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
Valid arguments: on, off
Default: on
kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
in oops dumps.
@ -1390,7 +1402,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continous chunk
used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
@ -1535,6 +1547,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
register save and restore. The kernel will only save
legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
@ -1571,6 +1587,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
initial RAM disk.
nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
remapping.
nointroute [IA-64]
nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
@ -1656,6 +1675,14 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
oprofile.timer= [HW]
Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
userland or if you want common events.
Format: { archperfmon }
archperfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
CPU specific event set.
osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.

142
Documentation/kmemleak.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
Kernel Memory Leak Detector
===========================
Introduction
------------
Kmemleak provides a way of detecting possible kernel memory leaks in a
way similar to a tracing garbage collector
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29#Tracing_garbage_collectors),
with the difference that the orphan objects are not freed but only
reported via /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak. A similar method is used by the
Valgrind tool (memcheck --leak-check) to detect the memory leaks in
user-space applications.
Usage
-----
CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK in "Kernel hacking" has to be enabled. A kernel
thread scans the memory every 10 minutes (by default) and prints any new
unreferenced objects found. To trigger an intermediate scan and display
all the possible memory leaks:
# mount -t debugfs nodev /sys/kernel/debug/
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
Note that the orphan objects are listed in the order they were allocated
and one object at the beginning of the list may cause other subsequent
objects to be reported as orphan.
Memory scanning parameters can be modified at run-time by writing to the
/sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak file. The following parameters are supported:
off - disable kmemleak (irreversible)
stack=on - enable the task stacks scanning
stack=off - disable the tasks stacks scanning
scan=on - start the automatic memory scanning thread
scan=off - stop the automatic memory scanning thread
scan=<secs> - set the automatic memory scanning period in seconds (0
to disable it)
Kmemleak can also be disabled at boot-time by passing "kmemleak=off" on
the kernel command line.
Basic Algorithm
---------------
The memory allocations via kmalloc, vmalloc, kmem_cache_alloc and
friends are traced and the pointers, together with additional
information like size and stack trace, are stored in a prio search tree.
The corresponding freeing function calls are tracked and the pointers
removed from the kmemleak data structures.
An allocated block of memory is considered orphan if no pointer to its
start address or to any location inside the block can be found by
scanning the memory (including saved registers). This means that there
might be no way for the kernel to pass the address of the allocated
block to a freeing function and therefore the block is considered a
memory leak.
The scanning algorithm steps:
1. mark all objects as white (remaining white objects will later be
considered orphan)
2. scan the memory starting with the data section and stacks, checking
the values against the addresses stored in the prio search tree. If
a pointer to a white object is found, the object is added to the
gray list
3. scan the gray objects for matching addresses (some white objects
can become gray and added at the end of the gray list) until the
gray set is finished
4. the remaining white objects are considered orphan and reported via
/sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
Some allocated memory blocks have pointers stored in the kernel's
internal data structures and they cannot be detected as orphans. To
avoid this, kmemleak can also store the number of values pointing to an
address inside the block address range that need to be found so that the
block is not considered a leak. One example is __vmalloc().
Kmemleak API
------------
See the include/linux/kmemleak.h header for the functions prototype.
kmemleak_init - initialize kmemleak
kmemleak_alloc - notify of a memory block allocation
kmemleak_free - notify of a memory block freeing
kmemleak_not_leak - mark an object as not a leak
kmemleak_ignore - do not scan or report an object as leak
kmemleak_scan_area - add scan areas inside a memory block
kmemleak_no_scan - do not scan a memory block
kmemleak_erase - erase an old value in a pointer variable
kmemleak_alloc_recursive - as kmemleak_alloc but checks the recursiveness
kmemleak_free_recursive - as kmemleak_free but checks the recursiveness
Dealing with false positives/negatives
--------------------------------------
The false negatives are real memory leaks (orphan objects) but not
reported by kmemleak because values found during the memory scanning
point to such objects. To reduce the number of false negatives, kmemleak
provides the kmemleak_ignore, kmemleak_scan_area, kmemleak_no_scan and
kmemleak_erase functions (see above). The task stacks also increase the
amount of false negatives and their scanning is not enabled by default.
The false positives are objects wrongly reported as being memory leaks
(orphan). For objects known not to be leaks, kmemleak provides the
kmemleak_not_leak function. The kmemleak_ignore could also be used if
the memory block is known not to contain other pointers and it will no
longer be scanned.
Some of the reported leaks are only transient, especially on SMP
systems, because of pointers temporarily stored in CPU registers or
stacks. Kmemleak defines MSECS_MIN_AGE (defaulting to 1000) representing
the minimum age of an object to be reported as a memory leak.
Limitations and Drawbacks
-------------------------
The main drawback is the reduced performance of memory allocation and
freeing. To avoid other penalties, the memory scanning is only performed
when the /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak file is read. Anyway, this tool is
intended for debugging purposes where the performance might not be the
most important requirement.
To keep the algorithm simple, kmemleak scans for values pointing to any
address inside a block's address range. This may lead to an increased
number of false negatives. However, it is likely that a real memory leak
will eventually become visible.
Another source of false negatives is the data stored in non-pointer
values. In a future version, kmemleak could only scan the pointer
members in the allocated structures. This feature would solve many of
the false negative cases described above.
The tool can report false positives. These are cases where an allocated
block doesn't need to be freed (some cases in the init_call functions),
the pointer is calculated by other methods than the usual container_of
macro or the pointer is stored in a location not scanned by kmemleak.
Page allocations and ioremap are not tracked. Only the ARM and x86
architectures are currently supported.

2
Documentation/kobject.txt
View File

@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ kobject_name():
const char *kobject_name(const struct kobject * kobj);
There is a helper function to both initialize and add the kobject to the
kernel at the same time, called supprisingly enough kobject_init_and_add():
kernel at the same time, called surprisingly enough kobject_init_and_add():
int kobject_init_and_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_type *ktype,
struct kobject *parent, const char *fmt, ...);

2
Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ NOTE: The Acer Aspire One is not supported hardware. It cannot work with
acer-wmi until Acer fix their ACPI-WMI implementation on them, so has been
blacklisted until that happens.
Please see the website for the current list of known working hardare:
Please see the website for the current list of known working hardware:
http://code.google.com/p/aceracpi/wiki/SupportedHardware

2
Documentation/laptops/sony-laptop.txt
View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ If your laptop model supports it, you will find sysfs files in the
/sys/class/backlight/sony/
directory. You will be able to query and set the current screen
brightness:
brightness get/set screen brightness (an iteger
brightness get/set screen brightness (an integer
between 0 and 7)
actual_brightness reading from this file will query the HW
to get real brightness value

2
Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt
View File

@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ generate input device EV_KEY events.
In addition to the EV_KEY events, thinkpad-acpi may also issue EV_SW
events for switches:
SW_RFKILL_ALL T60 and later hardare rfkill rocker switch
SW_RFKILL_ALL T60 and later hardware rfkill rocker switch
SW_TABLET_MODE Tablet ThinkPads HKEY events 0x5009 and 0x500A
Non hot-key ACPI HKEY event map:

3
Documentation/lguest/Makefile
View File

@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
# This creates the demonstration utility "lguest" which runs a Linux guest.
CFLAGS:=-Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE
LDLIBS:=-lz
CFLAGS:=-m32 -Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE
all: lguest

1016
Documentation/lguest/lguest.c
View File

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

1
Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt
View File

@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ Running Lguest:
"Paravirtualized guest support" = Y
"Lguest guest support" = Y
"High Memory Support" = off/4GB
"PAE (Physical Address Extension) Support" = N
"Alignment value to which kernel should be aligned" = 0x100000
(CONFIG_PARAVIRT=y, CONFIG_LGUEST_GUEST=y, CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G=n and
CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN=0x100000)

2
Documentation/local_ops.txt
View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ out of order wrt other memory writes by the owner CPU.
It can be done by slightly modifying the standard atomic operations : only
their UP variant must be kept. It typically means removing LOCK prefix (on
i386 and x86_64) and any SMP sychronization barrier. If the architecture does
i386 and x86_64) and any SMP synchronization barrier. If the architecture does
not have a different behavior between SMP and UP, including asm-generic/local.h
in your architecture's local.h is sufficient.

129
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Contents:
- Locking functions.
- Interrupt disabling functions.
- Sleep and wake-up functions.
- Miscellaneous functions.
(*) Inter-CPU locking barrier effects.
@ -1217,6 +1218,132 @@ barriers are required in such a situation, they must be provided from some
other means.
SLEEP AND WAKE-UP FUNCTIONS
---------------------------
Sleeping and waking on an event flagged in global data can be viewed as an
interaction between two pieces of data: the task state of the task waiting for
the event and the global data used to indicate the event. To make sure that
these appear to happen in the right order, the primitives to begin the process
of going to sleep, and the primitives to initiate a wake up imply certain
barriers.
Firstly, the sleeper normally follows something like this sequence of events:
for (;;) {
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
if (event_indicated)
break;
schedule();
}
A general memory barrier is interpolated automatically by set_current_state()
after it has altered the task state:
CPU 1
===============================
set_current_state();
set_mb();
STORE current->state
<general barrier>
LOAD event_indicated
set_current_state() may be wrapped by:
prepare_to_wait();
prepare_to_wait_exclusive();
which therefore also imply a general memory barrier after setting the state.
The whole sequence above is available in various canned forms, all of which
interpolate the memory barrier in the right place:
wait_event();
wait_event_interruptible();
wait_event_interruptible_exclusive();
wait_event_interruptible_timeout();
wait_event_killable();
wait_event_timeout();
wait_on_bit();
wait_on_bit_lock();
Secondly, code that performs a wake up normally follows something like this:
event_indicated = 1;
wake_up(&event_wait_queue);
or:
event_indicated = 1;
wake_up_process(event_daemon);
A write memory barrier is implied by wake_up() and co. if and only if they wake
something up. The barrier occurs before the task state is cleared, and so sits
between the STORE to indicate the event and the STORE to set TASK_RUNNING:
CPU 1 CPU 2
=============================== ===============================
set_current_state(); STORE event_indicated
set_mb(); wake_up();
STORE current->state <write barrier>
<general barrier> STORE current->state
LOAD event_indicated
The available waker functions include:
complete();
wake_up();
wake_up_all();
wake_up_bit();
wake_up_interruptible();
wake_up_interruptible_all();
wake_up_interruptible_nr();
wake_up_interruptible_poll();
wake_up_interruptible_sync();
wake_up_interruptible_sync_poll();
wake_up_locked();
wake_up_locked_poll();
wake_up_nr();
wake_up_poll();
wake_up_process();
[!] Note that the memory barriers implied by the sleeper and the waker do _not_
order multiple stores before the wake-up with respect to loads of those stored
values after the sleeper has called set_current_state(). For instance, if the
sleeper does:
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
if (event_indicated)
break;
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
do_something(my_data);
and the waker does:
my_data = value;
event_indicated = 1;
wake_up(&event_wait_queue);
there's no guarantee that the change to event_indicated will be perceived by
the sleeper as coming after the change to my_data. In such a circumstance, the
code on both sides must interpolate its own memory barriers between the
separate data accesses. Thus the above sleeper ought to do:
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
if (event_indicated) {
smp_rmb();
do_something(my_data);
}
and the waker should do:
my_data = value;
smp_wmb();
event_indicated = 1;
wake_up(&event_wait_queue);
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
-----------------------
@ -1366,7 +1493,7 @@ WHERE ARE MEMORY BARRIERS NEEDED?
Under normal operation, memory operation reordering is generally not going to
be a problem as a single-threaded linear piece of code will still appear to
work correctly, even if it's in an SMP kernel. There are, however, three
work correctly, even if it's in an SMP kernel. There are, however, four
circumstances in which reordering definitely _could_ be a problem:
(*) Interprocessor interaction.

8
Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt
View File

@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ this phase is triggered automatically. ACPI can notify this event. If not,
(see Section 4.).
Logical Memory Hotplug phase is to change memory state into
avaiable/unavailable for users. Amount of memory from user's view is
available/unavailable for users. Amount of memory from user's view is
changed by this phase. The kernel makes all memory in it as free pages
when a memory range is available.
In this document, this phase is described as online/offline.
Logical Memory Hotplug phase is triggred by write of sysfs file by system
Logical Memory Hotplug phase is triggered by write of sysfs file by system
administrator. For the hot-add case, it must be executed after Physical Hotplug
phase by hand.
(However, if you writes udev's hotplug scripts for memory hotplug, these
@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ MEMORY_CANCEL_ONLINE
Generated if MEMORY_GOING_ONLINE fails.
MEMORY_ONLINE
Generated when memory has succesfully brought online. The callback may
Generated when memory has successfully brought online. The callback may
allocate pages from the new memory.
MEMORY_GOING_OFFLINE
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ The third argument is passed by pointer of struct memory_notify.
struct memory_notify {
unsigned long start_pfn;
unsigned long nr_pages;
int status_cahnge_nid;
int status_change_nid;
}
start_pfn is start_pfn of online/offline memory.

2
Documentation/mn10300/ABI.txt
View File

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ registers and the stack. If the first argument is a 64-bit value, it will be
passed in D0:D1. If the first argument is not a 64-bit value, but the second
is, the second will be passed entirely on the stack and D1 will be unused.
Arguments smaller than 32-bits are not coelesced within a register or a stack
Arguments smaller than 32-bits are not coalesced within a register or a stack
word. For example, two byte-sized arguments will always be passed in separate
registers or word-sized stack slots.

12
Documentation/mtd/nand_ecc.txt
View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ byte 255: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 rp1 rp3 rp5 ... rp15
cp5 cp5 cp5 cp5 cp4 cp4 cp4 cp4
This figure represents a sector of 256 bytes.
cp is my abbreviaton for column parity, rp for row parity.
cp is my abbreviation for column parity, rp for row parity.
Let's start to explain column parity.
cp0 is the parity that belongs to all bit0, bit2, bit4, bit6.
@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Measuring this code again showed big gain. When executing the original
linux code 1 million times, this took about 1 second on my system.
(using time to measure the performance). After this iteration I was back
to 0.075 sec. Actually I had to decide to start measuring over 10
million interations in order not to loose too much accuracy. This one
million iterations in order not to lose too much accuracy. This one
definitely seemed to be the jackpot!
There is a little bit more room for improvement though. There are three
@ -571,8 +571,8 @@ loop; This eliminates 3 statements per loop. Of course after the loop we
need to correct by adding:
rp4 ^= rp4_6;
rp6 ^= rp4_6
Furthermore there are 4 sequential assingments to rp8. This can be
encoded slightly more efficient by saving tmppar before those 4 lines
Furthermore there are 4 sequential assignments to rp8. This can be
encoded slightly more efficiently by saving tmppar before those 4 lines
and later do rp8 = rp8 ^ tmppar ^ notrp8;
(where notrp8 is the value of rp8 before those 4 lines).
Again a use of the commutative property of xor.
@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ Not a big change, but every penny counts :-)
Analysis 7
==========
Acutally this made things worse. Not very much, but I don't want to move
Actually this made things worse. Not very much, but I don't want to move
into the wrong direction. Maybe something to investigate later. Could
have to do with caching again.
@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ Analysis 8
This makes things worse. Let's stick with attempt 6 and continue from there.
Although it seems that the code within the loop cannot be optimised
further there is still room to optimize the generation of the ecc codes.
We can simply calcualate the total parity. If this is 0 then rp4 = rp5
We can simply calculate the total parity. If this is 0 then rp4 = rp5
etc. If the parity is 1, then rp4 = !rp5;
But if rp4 = rp5 we do not need rp5 etc. We can just write the even bits
in the result byte and then do something like

6
Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
View File

@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ ad_select
- Any slave's 802.3ad association state changes
- The bond's adminstrative state changes to up
- The bond's administrative state changes to up
count or 2
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ fail_over_mac
When this policy is used in conjuction with the mii
monitor, devices which assert link up prior to being
able to actually transmit and receive are particularly
susecptible to loss of the gratuitous ARP, and an
susceptible to loss of the gratuitous ARP, and an
appropriate updelay setting may be required.
follow or 2
@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ target to query.
generally referred to as "trunk failover." This is a feature of the
switch that causes the link state of a particular switch port to be set
down (or up) when the state of another switch port goes down (or up).
It's purpose is to propogate link failures from logically "exterior" ports
Its purpose is to propagate link failures from logically "exterior" ports
to the logically "interior" ports that bonding is able to monitor via
miimon. Availability and configuration for trunk failover varies by
switch, but this can be a viable alternative to the ARP monitor when using

2
Documentation/networking/can.txt
View File

@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
return 1;
}
/* paraniod check ... */
/* paranoid check ... */
if (nbytes < sizeof(struct can_frame)) {
fprintf(stderr, "read: incomplete CAN frame\n");
return 1;

2
Documentation/networking/dm9000.txt
View File

@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ PHY Link state polling
----------------------
The driver keeps track of the link state and informs the network core
about link (carrier) availablilty. This is managed by several methods
about link (carrier) availability. This is managed by several methods
depending on the version of the chip and on which PHY is being used.
For the internal PHY, the original (and currently default) method is

2
Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt
View File

@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Sample Userspace Code
}
return 0;
Miscellanous
Miscellaneous
============
The PPPoL2TP driver was developed as part of the OpenL2TP project by

2
Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt
View File

@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ dev->hard_start_xmit:
for this and return NETDEV_TX_LOCKED when the spin lock fails.
The locking there should also properly protect against
set_multicast_list. Note that the use of NETIF_F_LLTX is deprecated.
Dont use it for new drivers.
Don't use it for new drivers.
Context: Process with BHs disabled or BH (timer),
will be called with interrupts disabled by netconsole.

2
Documentation/networking/phonet.txt
View File

@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Phonet packets have a common header as follows:
On Linux, the link-layer header includes the pn_media byte (see below).
The next 7 bytes are part of the network-layer header.
The device ID is split: the 6 higher-order bits consitute the device
The device ID is split: the 6 higher-order bits constitute the device
address, while the 2 lower-order bits are used for multiplexing, as are
the 8-bit object identifiers. As such, Phonet can be considered as a
network layer with 6 bits of address space and 10 bits for transport

2
Documentation/networking/regulatory.txt
View File

@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ added to this document when its support is enabled.
Device drivers who provide their own built regulatory domain
do not need a callback as the channels registered by them are
the only ones that will be allowed and therefore *additional*
cannels cannot be enabled.
channels cannot be enabled.
Example code - drivers hinting an alpha2:
------------------------------------------

34
Documentation/power/devices.txt
View File

@ -75,9 +75,6 @@ may need to apply in domain-specific ways to their devices:
struct bus_type {
...
int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*suspend_late)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume_early)(struct device *dev);
int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
};
@ -226,20 +223,7 @@ The phases are seen by driver notifications issued in this order:
This call should handle parts of device suspend logic that require
sleeping. It probably does work to quiesce the device which hasn't
been abstracted into class.suspend() or bus.suspend_late().
3 bus.suspend_late(dev, message) is called with IRQs disabled, and
with only one CPU active. Until the bus.resume_early() phase
completes (see later), IRQs are not enabled again. This method
won't be exposed by all busses; for message based busses like USB,
I2C, or SPI, device interactions normally require IRQs. This bus
call may be morphed into a driver call with bus-specific parameters.
This call might save low level hardware state that might otherwise
be lost in the upcoming low power state, and actually put the
device into a low power state ... so that in some cases the device
may stay partly usable until this late. This "late" call may also
help when coping with hardware that behaves badly.
been abstracted into class.suspend().
The pm_message_t parameter is currently used to refine those semantics
(described later).
@ -351,19 +335,11 @@ devices processing each phase's calls before the next phase begins.
The phases are seen by driver notifications issued in this order:
1 bus.resume_early(dev) is called with IRQs disabled, and with
only one CPU active. As with bus.suspend_late(), this method
won't be supported on busses that require IRQs in order to
interact with devices.
1 bus.resume(dev) reverses the effects of bus.suspend(). This may
be morphed into a device driver call with bus-specific parameters;
implementations may sleep.
This reverses the effects of bus.suspend_late().
2 bus.resume(dev) is called next. This may be morphed into a device
driver call with bus-specific parameters; implementations may sleep.
This reverses the effects of bus.suspend().
3 class.resume(dev) is called for devices associated with a class
2 class.resume(dev) is called for devices associated with a class
that has such a method. Implementations may sleep.
This reverses the effects of class.suspend(), and would usually

2
Documentation/power/regulator/consumer.txt
View File

@ -178,5 +178,5 @@ Consumers can uregister interest by calling :-
int regulator_unregister_notifier(struct regulator *regulator,
struct notifier_block *nb);
Regulators use the kernel notifier framework to send event to thier interested
Regulators use the kernel notifier framework to send event to their interested
consumers.

2
Documentation/power/regulator/overview.txt
View File

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Some terms used in this document:-
battery power, USB power)
Regulator Domains: is the new current limit within the
regulator operating parameters for input/ouput voltage.
regulator operating parameters for input/output voltage.
If the regulator request passes all the constraint tests
then the new regulator value is applied.

2
Documentation/power/s2ram.txt
View File

@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ hardware during resume operations where a value can be set that will
survive a reboot.
Consequence is that after a resume (even if it is successful) your system
clock will have a value corresponding to the magic mumber instead of the
clock will have a value corresponding to the magic number instead of the
correct date/time! It is therefore advisable to use a program like ntp-date
or rdate to reset the correct date/time from an external time source when
using this trace option.

2
Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt
View File

@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ unfreeze user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE if they are
still frozen when the device is being closed).
Currently it is assumed that the userland utilities reading/writing the
snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap parition, called the resume
snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap partition, called the resume
partition, or a swap file as storage space (if a swap file is used, the resume
partition is the partition that holds this file). However, this is not really
required, as they can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or

4
Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt
View File

@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model.
- phy-map : 1 cell, optional, bitmap of addresses to probe the PHY
for, used if phy-address is absent. bit 0x00000001 is
MDIO address 0.
For Axon it can be absent, thouugh my current driver
For Axon it can be absent, though my current driver
doesn't handle phy-address yet so for now, keep
0x00ffffff in it.
- rx-fifo-size-gige : 1 cell, Rx fifo size in bytes for 1000 Mb/sec
@ -1438,7 +1438,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model.
The Xilinx EDK toolchain ships with a set of IP cores (devices) for use
in Xilinx Spartan and Virtex FPGAs. The devices cover the whole range
of standard device types (network, serial, etc.) and miscellanious
of standard device types (network, serial, etc.) and miscellaneous
devices (gpio, LCD, spi, etc). Also, since these devices are
implemented within the fpga fabric every instance of the device can be
synthesised with different options that change the behaviour.

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/board.txt
View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Required properities:
- reg : Should contain the address and the length of the GPIO bank
register.
- #gpio-cells : Should be two. The first cell is the pin number and the
second cell is used to specify optional paramters (currently unused).
second cell is used to specify optional parameters (currently unused).
- gpio-controller : Marks the port as GPIO controller.
Example:

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/cpm_qe/cpm.txt
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Example:
reg = <119c0 30>;
}
* Properties common to mulitple CPM/QE devices
* Properties common to multiple CPM/QE devices
- fsl,cpm-command : This value is ORed with the opcode and command flag
to specify the device on which a CPM command operates.

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/cpm_qe/gpio.txt
View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Required properties:
"fsl,cpm1-pario-bank-c", "fsl,cpm1-pario-bank-d",
"fsl,cpm1-pario-bank-e", "fsl,cpm2-pario-bank"
- #gpio-cells : Should be two. The first cell is the pin number and the
second cell is used to specify optional paramters (currently unused).
second cell is used to specify optional parameters (currently unused).
- gpio-controller : Marks the port as GPIO controller.
Example of three SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes:

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/msi-pic.txt
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
* Freescale MSI interrupt controller
Reguired properities:
Required properties:
- compatible : compatible list, contains 2 entries,
first is "fsl,CHIP-msi", where CHIP is the processor(mpc8610, mpc8572,
etc.) and the second is "fsl,mpic-msi" or "fsl,ipic-msi" depending on

4
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/pmc.txt
View File

@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ Properties:
compatible; all statements below that apply to "fsl,mpc8548-pmc" also
apply to "fsl,mpc8641d-pmc".
Compatibility does not include bit assigments in SCCR/PMCDR/DEVDISR; these
bit assigments are indicated via the sleep specifier in each device's
Compatibility does not include bit assignments in SCCR/PMCDR/DEVDISR; these
bit assignments are indicated via the sleep specifier in each device's
sleep property.
- reg: For devices compatible with "fsl,mpc8349-pmc", the first resource

2
Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt
View File

@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ For example, to match the 8323, revision 1.0:
soc.major = 1
soc.minor = 0
'padding' is neccessary for structure alignment. This field ensures that the
'padding' is necessary for structure alignment. This field ensures that the
'extended_modes' field is aligned on a 64-bit boundary.
'extended_modes' is a bitfield that defines special functionality which has an

10
Documentation/rbtree.txt
View File

@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ Example:
}
/* Add new node and rebalance tree. */
rb_link_node(data->node, parent, new);
rb_insert_color(data->node, root);
rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, new);
rb_insert_color(&data->node, root);
return TRUE;
}
@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ To remove an existing node from a tree, call:
Example:
struct mytype *data = mysearch(mytree, "walrus");
struct mytype *data = mysearch(&mytree, "walrus");
if (data) {
rb_erase(data->node, mytree);
rb_erase(&data->node, &mytree);
myfree(data);
}
@ -188,5 +188,5 @@ Example:
struct rb_node *node;
for (node = rb_first(&mytree); node; node = rb_next(node))
printk("key=%s\n", rb_entry(node, int, keystring));
printk("key=%s\n", rb_entry(node, struct mytype, node)->keystring);

4
Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt
View File

@ -1984,7 +1984,7 @@ break *$pc
break *0x400618
heres a really useful one for large programs
Here's a really useful one for large programs
rbr
Set a breakpoint for all functions matching REGEXP
e.g.
@ -2211,7 +2211,7 @@ Breakpoint 2 at 0x4d87a4: file top.c, line 2609.
#5 0x51692c in readline_internal () at readline.c:521
#6 0x5164fe in readline (prompt=0x7ffff810 "\177ÿøx\177ÿ÷Ø\177ÿøxÀ")
at readline.c:349
#7 0x4d7a8a in command_line_input (prrompt=0x564420 "(gdb) ", repeat=1,
#7 0x4d7a8a in command_line_input (prompt=0x564420 "(gdb) ", repeat=1,
annotation_suffix=0x4d6b44 "prompt") at top.c:2091
#8 0x4d6cf0 in command_loop () at top.c:1345
#9 0x4e25bc in main (argc=1, argv=0x7ffffdf4) at main.c:635

2
Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt
View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ To sum it up: we always wanted to make nice levels more consistent, but
within the constraints of HZ and jiffies and their nasty design level
coupling to timeslices and granularity it was not really viable.
The second (less frequent but still periodically occuring) complaint
The second (less frequent but still periodically occurring) complaint
about Linux's nice level support was its assymetry around the origo
(which you can see demonstrated in the picture above), or more
accurately: the fact that nice level behavior depended on the _absolute_

20
Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt
View File

@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
CONTENTS
========
0. WARNING
1. Overview
1.1 The problem
1.2 The solution
@ -14,6 +15,23 @@ CONTENTS
3. Future plans
0. WARNING
==========
Fiddling with these settings can result in an unstable system, the knobs are
root only and assumes root knows what he is doing.
Most notable:
* very small values in sched_rt_period_us can result in an unstable
system when the period is smaller than either the available hrtimer
resolution, or the time it takes to handle the budget refresh itself.
* very small values in sched_rt_runtime_us can result in an unstable
system when the runtime is so small the system has difficulty making
forward progress (NOTE: the migration thread and kstopmachine both
are real-time processes).
1. Overview
===========
@ -169,7 +187,7 @@ get their allocated time.
Implementing SCHED_EDF might take a while to complete. Priority Inheritance is
the biggest challenge as the current linux PI infrastructure is geared towards
the limited static priority levels 0-139. With deadline scheduling you need to
the limited static priority levels 0-99. With deadline scheduling you need to
do deadline inheritance (since priority is inversely proportional to the
deadline delta (deadline - now).

2
Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt
View File

@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ The following information is available in this file:
- Packetized SCSI Protocol at 160MB/s and 320MB/s
- Quick Arbitration Selection (QAS)
- Retained Training Information (Rev B. ASIC only)
- Interrupt Coalessing
- Interrupt Coalescing
- Initiator Mode (target mode not currently
supported)
- Support for the PCI-X standard up to 133MHz

4
Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt
View File

@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ of MOVE MEMORY instructions.
The 896 and the 895A allows handling of the phase mismatch context from
SCRIPTS (avoids the phase mismatch interrupt that stops the SCSI processor
until the C code has saved the context of the transfer).
Implementing this without using LOAD/STORE instructions would be painfull
Implementing this without using LOAD/STORE instructions would be painful
and I didn't even want to try it.
The 896 chip supports 64 bit PCI transactions and addressing, while the
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ characteristics. This feature may also reduce average command latency.
In order to really gain advantage of this feature, devices must have
a reasonable cache size (No miracle is to be expected for a low-end
hard disk with 128 KB or less).
Some kown SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Some known SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Generally, firmware revisions that fix this kind of problems are available
at respective vendor web/ftp sites.
All I can say is that the hard disks I use on my machines behave well with

2
Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt
View File

@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ characteristics. This feature may also reduce average command latency.
In order to really gain advantage of this feature, devices must have
a reasonable cache size (No miracle is to be expected for a low-end
hard disk with 128 KB or less).
Some kown old SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Some known old SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Generally, firmware revisions that fix this kind of problems are available
at respective vendor web/ftp sites.
All I can say is that I never have had problem with tagged queuing using

38
Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
View File

@ -460,6 +460,25 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
The power-management is supported.
Module snd-ctxfi
----------------
Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
reference_rate - reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
multiple - multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-darla20
------------------
@ -754,7 +773,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
single_cmd - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
codecs (for debugging only)
enable_msi - Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
power_save - Automatic power-saving timtout (in second, 0 =
power_save - Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 =
disable)
power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
(default = on)
@ -925,6 +944,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
* Onkyo SE-90PCI
* Onkyo SE-200PCI
* ESI Juli@
* ESI Maya44
* Hercules Fortissimo IV
* EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
@ -933,7 +953,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M
fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
@ -1093,6 +1113,13 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
This module supports multiple cards.
The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
Module snd-lx6464es
-------------------
Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
This module supports multiple cards.
Module snd-maestro3
-------------------
@ -1543,13 +1570,15 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
Module snd-sc6000
-----------------
Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard.
Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600
and SC-7000.
port - Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
mss_port - MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
irq - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
mpu_irq - MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
dma - DMA # (1,3,0)
joystick - Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
This module supports multiple cards.
@ -1859,7 +1888,8 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
-------------------
Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV100/AV200 chips,
i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and Essence STX.
i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), Essence ST
(Deluxe) and Essence STX.
This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.

19
Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt
View File

@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ ALC260
acer Acer TravelMate
will Will laptops (PB V7900)
replacer Replacer 672V
favorit100 Maxdata Favorit 100XS
basic fixed pin assignment (old default model)
test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can
adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with
@ -85,10 +86,11 @@ ALC269
eeepc-p703 ASUS Eeepc P703 P900A
eeepc-p901 ASUS Eeepc P901 S101
fujitsu FSC Amilo
lifebook Fujitsu Lifebook S6420
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
ALC662/663
==========
ALC662/663/272
==============
3stack-dig 3-stack (2-channel) with SPDIF
3stack-6ch 3-stack (6-channel)
3stack-6ch-dig 3-stack (6-channel) with SPDIF
@ -107,6 +109,9 @@ ALC662/663
asus-mode4 ASUS
asus-mode5 ASUS
asus-mode6 ASUS
dell Dell with ALC272
dell-zm1 Dell ZM1 with ALC272
samsung-nc10 Samsung NC10 mini notebook
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
ALC882/885
@ -118,6 +123,7 @@ ALC882/885
asus-a7j ASUS A7J
asus-a7m ASUS A7M
macpro MacPro support
mb5 Macbook 5,1
mbp3 Macbook Pro rev3
imac24 iMac 24'' with jack detection
w2jc ASUS W2JC
@ -133,10 +139,12 @@ ALC883/888
acer Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)
acer-aspire Acer Aspire 9810
acer-aspire-4930g Acer Aspire 4930G
acer-aspire-8930g Acer Aspire 8930G
medion Medion Laptops
medion-md2 Medion MD2
targa-dig Targa/MSI
targa-2ch-dig Targs/MSI with 2-channel
targa-2ch-dig Targa/MSI with 2-channel
targa-8ch-dig Targa/MSI with 8-channel (MSI GX620)
laptop-eapd 3-jack with SPDIF I/O and EAPD (Clevo M540JE, M550JE)
lenovo-101e Lenovo 101E
lenovo-nb0763 Lenovo NB0763
@ -150,6 +158,9 @@ ALC883/888
fujitsu-pi2515 Fujitsu AMILO Pi2515
fujitsu-xa3530 Fujitsu AMILO XA3530
3stack-6ch-intel Intel DG33* boards
asus-p5q ASUS P5Q-EM boards
mb31 MacBook 3,1
sony-vaio-tt Sony VAIO TT
auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)
ALC861/660
@ -334,6 +345,7 @@ STAC9227/9228/9229/927x
ref-no-jd Reference board without HP/Mic jack detection
3stack D965 3stack
5stack D965 5stack + SPDIF
5stack-no-fp D965 5stack without front panel
dell-3stack Dell Dimension E520
dell-bios Fixes with Dell BIOS setup
auto BIOS setup (default)
@ -347,6 +359,7 @@ STAC92HD71B*
hp-m4 HP mini 1000
hp-dv5 HP dv series
hp-hdx HP HDX series
hp-dv4-1222nr HP dv4-1222nr (with LED support)
auto BIOS setup (default)
STAC92HD73*

2
Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt
View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ methods for the HD-audio hardware.
The HD-audio component consists of two parts: the controller chip and
the codec chips on the HD-audio bus. Linux provides a single driver
for all controllers, snd-hda-intel. Although the driver name contains
a word of a well-known harware vendor, it's not specific to it but for
a word of a well-known hardware vendor, it's not specific to it but for
all controller chips by other companies. Since the HD-audio
controllers are supposed to be compatible, the single snd-hda-driver
should work in most cases. But, not surprisingly, there are known

35
Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt
View File

@ -88,21 +88,34 @@ card*/pcm*/info
substreams, etc.
card*/pcm*/xrun_debug
This file appears when CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y.
This shows the status of xrun (= buffer overrun/xrun) debug of
ALSA PCM middle layer, as an integer from 0 to 2. The value
can be changed by writing to this file, such as
This file appears when CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y and
CONFIG_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG=y.
This shows the status of xrun (= buffer overrun/xrun) and
invalid PCM position debug/check of ALSA PCM middle layer.
It takes an integer value, can be changed by writing to this
file, such as
# cat 2 > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/xrun_debug
# cat 5 > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/xrun_debug
When this value is greater than 0, the driver will show the
messages to kernel log when an xrun is detected. The debug
message is shown also when the invalid H/W pointer is detected
at the update of periods (usually called from the interrupt
The value consists of the following bit flags:
bit 0 = Enable XRUN/jiffies debug messages
bit 1 = Show stack trace at XRUN / jiffies check
bit 2 = Enable additional jiffies check
When the bit 0 is set, the driver will show the messages to
kernel log when an xrun is detected. The debug message is
shown also when the invalid H/W pointer is detected at the
update of periods (usually called from the interrupt
handler).
When this value is greater than 1, the driver will show the
stack trace additionally. This may help the debugging.
When the bit 1 is set, the driver will show the stack trace
additionally. This may help the debugging.
Since 2.6.30, this option can enable the hwptr check using
jiffies. This detects spontaneous invalid pointer callback
values, but can be lead to too much corrections for a (mostly
buggy) hardware that doesn't give smooth pointer updates.
This feature is enabled via the bit 2.
card*/pcm*/sub*/info
The general information of this PCM sub-stream.

163
Documentation/sound/alsa/README.maya44 Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
NOTE: The following is the original document of Rainer's patch that the
current maya44 code based on. Some contents might be obsoleted, but I
keep here as reference -- tiwai
----------------------------------------------------------------
STATE OF DEVELOPMENT:
This driver is being developed on the initiative of Piotr Makowski (oponek@gmail.com) and financed by Lars Bergmann.
Development is carried out by Rainer Zimmermann (mail@lightshed.de).
ESI provided a sample Maya44 card for the development work.
However, unfortunately it has turned out difficult to get detailed programming information, so I (Rainer Zimmermann) had to find out some card-specific information by experiment and conjecture. Some information (in particular, several GPIO bits) is still missing.
This is the first testing version of the Maya44 driver released to the alsa-devel mailing list (Feb 5, 2008).
The following functions work, as tested by Rainer Zimmermann and Piotr Makowski:
- playback and capture at all sampling rates
- input/output level
- crossmixing
- line/mic switch
- phantom power switch
- analogue monitor a.k.a bypass
The following functions *should* work, but are not fully tested:
- Channel 3+4 analogue - S/PDIF input switching
- S/PDIF output
- all inputs/outputs on the M/IO/DIO extension card
- internal/external clock selection
*In particular, we would appreciate testing of these functions by anyone who has access to an M/IO/DIO extension card.*
Things that do not seem to work:
- The level meters ("multi track") in 'alsamixer' do not seem to react to signals in (if this is a bug, it would probably be in the existing ICE1724 code).
- Ardour 2.1 seems to work only via JACK, not using ALSA directly or via OSS. This still needs to be tracked down.
DRIVER DETAILS:
the following files were added:
pci/ice1724/maya44.c - Maya44 specific code
pci/ice1724/maya44.h
pci/ice1724/ice1724.patch
pci/ice1724/ice1724.h.patch - PROPOSED patch to ice1724.h (see SAMPLING RATES)
i2c/other/wm8776.c - low-level access routines for Wolfson WM8776 codecs
include/wm8776.h
Note that the wm8776.c code is meant to be card-independent and does not actually register the codec with the ALSA infrastructure.
This is done in maya44.c, mainly because some of the WM8776 controls are used in Maya44-specific ways, and should be named appropriately.
the following files were created in pci/ice1724, simply #including the corresponding file from the alsa-kernel tree:
wtm.h
vt1720_mobo.h
revo.h
prodigy192.h
pontis.h
phase.h
maya44.h
juli.h
aureon.h
amp.h
envy24ht.h
se.h
prodigy_hifi.h
*I hope this is the correct way to do things.*
SAMPLING RATES:
The Maya44 card (or more exactly, the Wolfson WM8776 codecs) allow a maximum sampling rate of 192 kHz for playback and 92 kHz for capture.
As the ICE1724 chip only allows one global sampling rate, this is handled as follows:
* setting the sampling rate on any open PCM device on the maya44 card will always set the *global* sampling rate for all playback and capture channels.
* In the current state of the driver, setting rates of up to 192 kHz is permitted even for capture devices.
*AVOID CAPTURING AT RATES ABOVE 96kHz*, even though it may appear to work. The codec cannot actually capture at such rates, meaning poor quality.
I propose some additional code for limiting the sampling rate when setting on a capture pcm device. However because of the global sampling rate, this logic would be somewhat problematic.
The proposed code (currently deactivated) is in ice1712.h.patch, ice1724.c and maya44.c (in pci/ice1712).
SOUND DEVICES:
PCM devices correspond to inputs/outputs as follows (assuming Maya44 is card #0):
hw:0,0 input - stereo, analog input 1+2
hw:0,0 output - stereo, analog output 1+2
hw:0,1 input - stereo, analog input 3+4 OR S/PDIF input
hw:0,1 output - stereo, analog output 3+4 (and SPDIF out)
NAMING OF MIXER CONTROLS:
(for more information about the signal flow, please refer to the block diagram on p.24 of the ESI Maya44 manual, or in the ESI windows software).
PCM: (digital) output level for channel 1+2
PCM 1: same for channel 3+4
Mic Phantom+48V: switch for +48V phantom power for electrostatic microphones on input 1/2.
Make sure this is not turned on while any other source is connected to input 1/2.
It might damage the source and/or the maya44 card.
Mic/Line input: if switch is is on, input jack 1/2 is microphone input (mono), otherwise line input (stereo).
Bypass: analogue bypass from ADC input to output for channel 1+2. Same as "Monitor" in the windows driver.
Bypass 1: same for channel 3+4.
Crossmix: cross-mixer from channels 1+2 to channels 3+4
Crossmix 1: cross-mixer from channels 3+4 to channels 1+2
IEC958 Output: switch for S/PDIF output.
This is not supported by the ESI windows driver.
S/PDIF should output the same signal as channel 3+4. [untested!]
Digitial output selectors:
These switches allow a direct digital routing from the ADCs to the DACs.
Each switch determines where the digital input data to one of the DACs comes from.
They are not supported by the ESI windows driver.
For normal operation, they should all be set to "PCM out".
H/W: Output source channel 1
H/W 1: Output source channel 2
H/W 2: Output source channel 3
H/W 3: Output source channel 4
H/W 4 ... H/W 9: unknown function, left in to enable testing.
Possibly some of these control S/PDIF output(s).
If these turn out to be unused, they will go away in later driver versions.
Selectable values for each of the digital output selectors are:
"PCM out" -> DAC output of the corresponding channel (default setting)
"Input 1"...
"Input 4" -> direct routing from ADC output of the selected input channel
--------
Feb 14, 2008
Rainer Zimmermann
mail@lightshed.de

2
Documentation/sound/alsa/hda_codec.txt
View File

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ For writing a sequence of verbs, use snd_hda_sequence_write().
There are variants of cached read/write, snd_hda_codec_write_cache(),
snd_hda_sequence_write_cache(). These are used for recording the
register states for the power-mangement resume. When no PM is needed,
register states for the power-management resume. When no PM is needed,
these are equivalent with non-cached version.
To retrieve the number of sub nodes connected to the given node, use

1
Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt
View File

@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ Audio DAPM widgets fall into a number of types:-
o Mic - Mic (and optional Jack)
o Line - Line Input/Output (and optional Jack)
o Speaker - Speaker
o Supply - Power or clock supply widget used by other widgets.
o Pre - Special PRE widget (exec before all others)
o Post - Special POST widget (exec after all others)

11
Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
View File

@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ show up in /proc/sys/kernel:
- kstack_depth_to_print [ X86 only ]
- l2cr [ PPC only ]
- modprobe ==> Documentation/debugging-modules.txt
- modules_disabled
- msgmax
- msgmnb
- msgmni
@ -184,6 +185,16 @@ kernel stack.
==============================================================
modules_disabled:
A toggle value indicating if modules are allowed to be loaded
in an otherwise modular kernel. This toggle defaults to off
(0), but can be set true (1). Once true, modules can be
neither loaded nor unloaded, and the toggle cannot be set back
to false.
==============================================================
osrelease, ostype & version:
# cat osrelease

4
Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
View File

@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ nr_pdflush_threads
The current number of pdflush threads. This value is read-only.
The value changes according to the number of dirty pages in the system.
When neccessary, additional pdflush threads are created, one per second, up to
When necessary, additional pdflush threads are created, one per second, up to
nr_pdflush_threads_max.
==============================================================
@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ swappiness
This control is used to define how aggressive the kernel will swap
memory pages. Higher values will increase agressiveness, lower values
descrease the amount of swap.
decrease the amount of swap.
The default value is 60.

2
Documentation/timers/hpet.txt
View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ by Intel and Microsoft which can be found at
Each HPET has one fixed-rate counter (at 10+ MHz, hence "High Precision")
and up to 32 comparators. Normally three or more comparators are provided,
each of which can generate oneshot interupts and at least one of which has
each of which can generate oneshot interrupts and at least one of which has
additional hardware to support periodic interrupts. The comparators are
also called "timers", which can be misleading since usually timers are
independent of each other ... these share a counter, complicating resets.

2
Documentation/timers/timer_stats.txt
View File

@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Timerstats sample period: 3.888770 s
The first column is the number of events, the second column the pid, the third
column is the name of the process. The forth column shows the function which
initialized the timer and in parantheses the callback function which was
initialized the timer and in parenthesis the callback function which was
executed on expiry.
Thomas, Ingo

90
Documentation/trace/events.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
Event Tracing
Documentation written by Theodore Ts'o
Updated by Li Zefan
1. Introduction
===============
Tracepoints (see Documentation/trace/tracepoints.txt) can be used
without creating custom kernel modules to register probe functions
using the event tracing infrastructure.
Not all tracepoints can be traced using the event tracing system;
the kernel developer must provide code snippets which define how the
tracing information is saved into the tracing buffer, and how the
tracing information should be printed.
2. Using Event Tracing
======================
2.1 Via the 'set_event' interface
---------------------------------
The events which are available for tracing can be found in the file
/debug/tracing/available_events.
To enable a particular event, such as 'sched_wakeup', simply echo it
to /debug/tracing/set_event. For example:
# echo sched_wakeup >> /debug/tracing/set_event
[ Note: '>>' is necessary, otherwise it will firstly disable
all the events. ]
To disable an event, echo the event name to the set_event file prefixed
with an exclamation point:
# echo '!sched_wakeup' >> /debug/tracing/set_event
To disable all events, echo an empty line to the set_event file:
# echo > /debug/tracing/set_event
To enable all events, echo '*:*' or '*:' to the set_event file:
# echo *:* > /debug/tracing/set_event
The events are organized into subsystems, such as ext4, irq, sched,
etc., and a full event name looks like this: <subsystem>:<event>. The
subsystem name is optional, but it is displayed in the available_events
file. All of the events in a subsystem can be specified via the syntax
"<subsystem>:*"; for example, to enable all irq events, you can use the
command:
# echo 'irq:*' > /debug/tracing/set_event
2.2 Via the 'enable' toggle
---------------------------
The events available are also listed in /debug/tracing/events/ hierarchy
of directories.
To enable event 'sched_wakeup':
# echo 1 > /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/enable
To disable it:
# echo 0 > /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/enable
To enable all events in sched subsystem:
# echo 1 > /debug/tracing/events/sched/enable
To eanble all events:
# echo 1 > /debug/tracing/events/enable
When reading one of these enable files, there are four results:
0 - all events this file affects are disabled
1 - all events this file affects are enabled
X - there is a mixture of events enabled and disabled
? - this file does not affect any event
3. Defining an event-enabled tracepoint
=======================================
See The example provided in samples/trace_events

19
Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt
View File

@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Here is the list of current tracers that may be configured.
Function call tracer to trace all kernel functions.
"function_graph_tracer"
"function_graph"
Similar to the function tracer except that the
function tracer probes the functions on their entry
@ -518,9 +518,18 @@ priority with zero (0) being the highest priority and the nice
values starting at 100 (nice -20). Below is a quick chart to map
the kernel priority to user land priorities.
Kernel priority: 0 to 99 ==> user RT priority 99 to 0
Kernel priority: 100 to 139 ==> user nice -20 to 19
Kernel priority: 140 ==> idle task priority
Kernel Space User Space
===============================================================
0(high) to 98(low) user RT priority 99(high) to 1(low)
with SCHED_RR or SCHED_FIFO
---------------------------------------------------------------
99 sched_priority is not used in scheduling
decisions(it must be specified as 0)
---------------------------------------------------------------
100(high) to 139(low) user nice -20(high) to 19(low)
---------------------------------------------------------------
140 idle task priority
---------------------------------------------------------------
The task states are:
@ -1825,4 +1834,4 @@ an error.
-----------
More details can be found in the source code, in the
kernel/tracing/*.c files.
kernel/trace/*.c files.

2
Documentation/trace/kmemtrace.txt
View File

@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ III. Quick usage guide
CONFIG_KMEMTRACE).
2) Get the userspace tool and build it:
$ git-clone git://repo.or.cz/kmemtrace-user.git # current repository
$ git clone git://repo.or.cz/kmemtrace-user.git # current repository
$ cd kmemtrace-user/
$ ./autogen.sh
$ ./configure

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