[PATCH] per-task-delay-accounting: taskstats interface

Create a "taskstats" interface based on generic netlink (NETLINK_GENERIC
family), for getting statistics of tasks and thread groups during their
lifetime and when they exit.  The interface is intended for use by multiple
accounting packages though it is being created in the context of delay
accounting.

This patch creates the interface without populating the fields of the data
that is sent to the user in response to a command or upon the exit of a task.
Each accounting package interested in using taskstats has to provide an
additional patch to add its stats to the common structure.

[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups, Kconfig fix]
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au>
Cc: Erich Focht <efocht@ess.nec.de>
Cc: Levent Serinol <lserinol@gmail.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This commit is contained in:
Shailabh Nagar 2006-07-14 00:24:40 -07:00 committed by Linus Torvalds
parent fb0ba6bd02
commit c757249af1
8 changed files with 646 additions and 0 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
Per-task statistics interface
-----------------------------
Taskstats is a netlink-based interface for sending per-task and
per-process statistics from the kernel to userspace.
Taskstats was designed for the following benefits:
- efficiently provide statistics during lifetime of a task and on its exit
- unified interface for multiple accounting subsystems
- extensibility for use by future accounting patches
Terminology
-----------
"pid", "tid" and "task" are used interchangeably and refer to the standard
Linux task defined by struct task_struct. per-pid stats are the same as
per-task stats.
"tgid", "process" and "thread group" are used interchangeably and refer to the
tasks that share an mm_struct i.e. the traditional Unix process. Despite the
use of tgid, there is no special treatment for the task that is thread group
leader - a process is deemed alive as long as it has any task belonging to it.
Usage
-----
To get statistics during task's lifetime, userspace opens a unicast netlink
socket (NETLINK_GENERIC family) and sends commands specifying a pid or a tgid.
The response contains statistics for a task (if pid is specified) or the sum of
statistics for all tasks of the process (if tgid is specified).
To obtain statistics for tasks which are exiting, userspace opens a multicast
netlink socket. Each time a task exits, two records are sent by the kernel to
each listener on the multicast socket. The first the per-pid task's statistics
and the second is the sum for all tasks of the process to which the task
belongs (the task does not need to be the thread group leader). The need for
per-tgid stats to be sent for each exiting task is explained in the per-tgid
stats section below.
Interface
---------
The user-kernel interface is encapsulated in include/linux/taskstats.h
To avoid this documentation becoming obsolete as the interface evolves, only
an outline of the current version is given. taskstats.h always overrides the
description here.
struct taskstats is the common accounting structure for both per-pid and
per-tgid data. It is versioned and can be extended by each accounting subsystem
that is added to the kernel. The fields and their semantics are defined in the
taskstats.h file.
The data exchanged between user and kernel space is a netlink message belonging
to the NETLINK_GENERIC family and using the netlink attributes interface.
The messages are in the format
+----------+- - -+-------------+-------------------+
| nlmsghdr | Pad | genlmsghdr | taskstats payload |
+----------+- - -+-------------+-------------------+
The taskstats payload is one of the following three kinds:
1. Commands: Sent from user to kernel. The payload is one attribute, of type
TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID/TGID, containing a u32 pid or tgid in the attribute
payload. The pid/tgid denotes the task/process for which userspace wants
statistics.
2. Response for a command: sent from the kernel in response to a userspace
command. The payload is a series of three attributes of type:
a) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID/TGID : attribute containing no payload but indicates
a pid/tgid will be followed by some stats.
b) TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID/TGID: attribute whose payload is the pid/tgid whose stats
is being returned.
c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: attribute with a struct taskstsats as payload. The
same structure is used for both per-pid and per-tgid stats.
3. New message sent by kernel whenever a task exits. The payload consists of a
series of attributes of the following type:
a) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID: indicates next two attributes will be pid+stats
b) TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID: contains exiting task's pid
c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: contains the exiting task's per-pid stats
d) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID: indicates next two attributes will be tgid+stats
e) TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID: contains tgid of process to which task belongs
f) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: contains the per-tgid stats for exiting task's process
per-tgid stats
--------------
Taskstats provides per-process stats, in addition to per-task stats, since
resource management is often done at a process granularity and aggregating task
stats in userspace alone is inefficient and potentially inaccurate (due to lack
of atomicity).
However, maintaining per-process, in addition to per-task stats, within the
kernel has space and time overheads. Hence the taskstats implementation
dynamically sums up the per-task stats for each task belonging to a process
whenever per-process stats are needed.
Not maintaining per-tgid stats creates a problem when userspace is interested
in getting these stats when the process dies i.e. the last thread of
a process exits. It isn't possible to simply return some aggregated per-process
statistic from the kernel.
The approach taken by taskstats is to return the per-tgid stats *each* time
a task exits, in addition to the per-pid stats for that task. Userspace can
maintain task<->process mappings and use them to maintain the per-process stats
in userspace, updating the aggregate appropriately as the tasks of a process
exit.
Extending taskstats
-------------------
There are two ways to extend the taskstats interface to export more
per-task/process stats as patches to collect them get added to the kernel
in future:
1. Adding more fields to the end of the existing struct taskstats. Backward
compatibility is ensured by the version number within the
structure. Userspace will use only the fields of the struct that correspond
to the version its using.
2. Defining separate statistic structs and using the netlink attributes
interface to return them. Since userspace processes each netlink attribute
independently, it can always ignore attributes whose type it does not
understand (because it is using an older version of the interface).
Choosing between 1. and 2. is a matter of trading off flexibility and
overhead. If only a few fields need to be added, then 1. is the preferable
path since the kernel and userspace don't need to incur the overhead of
processing new netlink attributes. But if the new fields expand the existing
struct too much, requiring disparate userspace accounting utilities to
unnecessarily receive large structures whose fields are of no interest, then
extending the attributes structure would be worthwhile.
----

84
include/linux/taskstats.h Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
/* taskstats.h - exporting per-task statistics
*
* Copyright (C) Shailabh Nagar, IBM Corp. 2006
* (C) Balbir Singh, IBM Corp. 2006
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
#ifndef _LINUX_TASKSTATS_H
#define _LINUX_TASKSTATS_H
/* Format for per-task data returned to userland when
* - a task exits
* - listener requests stats for a task
*
* The struct is versioned. Newer versions should only add fields to
* the bottom of the struct to maintain backward compatibility.
*
*
* To add new fields
* a) bump up TASKSTATS_VERSION
* b) add comment indicating new version number at end of struct
* c) add new fields after version comment; maintain 64-bit alignment
*/
#define TASKSTATS_VERSION 1
struct taskstats {
/* Version 1 */
__u64 version;
};
#define TASKSTATS_LISTEN_GROUP 0x1
/*
* Commands sent from userspace
* Not versioned. New commands should only be inserted at the enum's end
* prior to __TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX
*/
enum {
TASKSTATS_CMD_UNSPEC = 0, /* Reserved */
TASKSTATS_CMD_GET, /* user->kernel request/get-response */
TASKSTATS_CMD_NEW, /* kernel->user event */
__TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX,
};
#define TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX (__TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX - 1)
enum {
TASKSTATS_TYPE_UNSPEC = 0, /* Reserved */
TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID, /* Process id */
TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID, /* Thread group id */
TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS, /* taskstats structure */
TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID, /* contains pid + stats */
TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID, /* contains tgid + stats */
__TASKSTATS_TYPE_MAX,
};
#define TASKSTATS_TYPE_MAX (__TASKSTATS_TYPE_MAX - 1)
enum {
TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_UNSPEC = 0,
TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID,
TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID,
__TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX,
};
#define TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX (__TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX - 1)
/* NETLINK_GENERIC related info */
#define TASKSTATS_GENL_NAME "TASKSTATS"
#define TASKSTATS_GENL_VERSION 0x1
#endif /* _LINUX_TASKSTATS_H */

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@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
/* taskstats_kern.h - kernel header for per-task statistics interface
*
* Copyright (C) Shailabh Nagar, IBM Corp. 2006
* (C) Balbir Singh, IBM Corp. 2006
*/
#ifndef _LINUX_TASKSTATS_KERN_H
#define _LINUX_TASKSTATS_KERN_H
#include <linux/taskstats.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
enum {
TASKSTATS_MSG_UNICAST, /* send data only to requester */
TASKSTATS_MSG_MULTICAST, /* send data to a group */
};
#ifdef CONFIG_TASKSTATS
extern kmem_cache_t *taskstats_cache;
static inline void taskstats_exit_alloc(struct taskstats **ptidstats,
struct taskstats **ptgidstats)
{
*ptidstats = kmem_cache_zalloc(taskstats_cache, SLAB_KERNEL);
*ptgidstats = kmem_cache_zalloc(taskstats_cache, SLAB_KERNEL);
}
static inline void taskstats_exit_free(struct taskstats *tidstats,
struct taskstats *tgidstats)
{
if (tidstats)
kmem_cache_free(taskstats_cache, tidstats);
if (tgidstats)
kmem_cache_free(taskstats_cache, tgidstats);
}
extern void taskstats_exit_send(struct task_struct *, struct taskstats *,
struct taskstats *);
extern void taskstats_init_early(void);
#else
static inline void taskstats_exit_alloc(struct taskstats **ptidstats,
struct taskstats **ptgidstats)
{}
static inline void taskstats_exit_free(struct taskstats *ptidstats,
struct taskstats *ptgidstats)
{}
static inline void taskstats_exit_send(struct task_struct *tsk,
struct taskstats *tidstats,
struct taskstats *tgidstats)
{}
static inline void taskstats_init_early(void)
{}
#endif /* CONFIG_TASKSTATS */
#endif

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@ -158,6 +158,19 @@ config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT_V3
for processing it. A preliminary version of these tools is available
at <http://www.physik3.uni-rostock.de/tim/kernel/utils/acct/>.
config TASKSTATS
bool "Export task/process statistics through netlink (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on NET
default n
help
Export selected statistics for tasks/processes through the
generic netlink interface. Unlike BSD process accounting, the
statistics are available during the lifetime of tasks/processes as
responses to commands. Like BSD accounting, they are sent to user
space on task exit.
Say N if unsure.
config TASK_DELAY_ACCT
bool "Enable per-task delay accounting (EXPERIMENTAL)"
help

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@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
@ -575,6 +576,7 @@ asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
proc_root_init();
#endif
cpuset_init();
taskstats_init_early();
delayacct_init();
check_bugs();

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@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECCOMP) += seccomp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) += rcutorture.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RELAY) += relay.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT) += delayacct.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TASKSTATS) += taskstats.o
ifneq ($(CONFIG_SCHED_NO_NO_OMIT_FRAME_POINTER),y)
# According to Alan Modra <alan@linuxcare.com.au>, the -fno-omit-frame-pointer is

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@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
@ -844,6 +845,7 @@ static void exit_notify(struct task_struct *tsk)
fastcall NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long code)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
struct taskstats *tidstats, *tgidstats;
int group_dead;
profile_task_exit(tsk);
@ -882,6 +884,8 @@ fastcall NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long code)
current->comm, current->pid,
preempt_count());
taskstats_exit_alloc(&tidstats, &tgidstats);
acct_update_integrals(tsk);
if (tsk->mm) {
update_hiwater_rss(tsk->mm);
@ -901,7 +905,10 @@ fastcall NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long code)
#endif
if (unlikely(tsk->audit_context))
audit_free(tsk);
taskstats_exit_send(tsk, tidstats, tgidstats);
taskstats_exit_free(tidstats, tgidstats);
delayacct_tsk_exit(tsk);
exit_mm(tsk);
if (group_dead)

336
kernel/taskstats.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
/*
* taskstats.c - Export per-task statistics to userland
*
* Copyright (C) Shailabh Nagar, IBM Corp. 2006
* (C) Balbir Singh, IBM Corp. 2006
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
#include <net/genetlink.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(__u32, taskstats_seqnum) = { 0 };
static int family_registered;
kmem_cache_t *taskstats_cache;
static DEFINE_MUTEX(taskstats_exit_mutex);
static struct genl_family family = {
.id = GENL_ID_GENERATE,
.name = TASKSTATS_GENL_NAME,
.version = TASKSTATS_GENL_VERSION,
.maxattr = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX,
};
static struct nla_policy taskstats_cmd_get_policy[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX+1]
__read_mostly = {
[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID] = { .type = NLA_U32 },
[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID] = { .type = NLA_U32 },
};
static int prepare_reply(struct genl_info *info, u8 cmd, struct sk_buff **skbp,
void **replyp, size_t size)
{
struct sk_buff *skb;
void *reply;
/*
* If new attributes are added, please revisit this allocation
*/
skb = nlmsg_new(size);
if (!skb)
return -ENOMEM;
if (!info) {
int seq = get_cpu_var(taskstats_seqnum)++;
put_cpu_var(taskstats_seqnum);
reply = genlmsg_put(skb, 0, seq,
family.id, 0, 0,
cmd, family.version);
} else
reply = genlmsg_put(skb, info->snd_pid, info->snd_seq,
family.id, 0, 0,
cmd, family.version);
if (reply == NULL) {
nlmsg_free(skb);
return -EINVAL;
}
*skbp = skb;
*replyp = reply;
return 0;
}
static int send_reply(struct sk_buff *skb, pid_t pid, int event)
{
struct genlmsghdr *genlhdr = nlmsg_data((struct nlmsghdr *)skb->data);
void *reply;
int rc;
reply = genlmsg_data(genlhdr);
rc = genlmsg_end(skb, reply);
if (rc < 0) {
nlmsg_free(skb);
return rc;
}
if (event == TASKSTATS_MSG_MULTICAST)
return genlmsg_multicast(skb, pid, TASKSTATS_LISTEN_GROUP);
return genlmsg_unicast(skb, pid);
}
static int fill_pid(pid_t pid, struct task_struct *pidtsk,
struct taskstats *stats)
{
int rc;
struct task_struct *tsk = pidtsk;
if (!pidtsk) {
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
tsk = find_task_by_pid(pid);
if (!tsk) {
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
return -ESRCH;
}
get_task_struct(tsk);
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
} else
get_task_struct(tsk);
/*
* Each accounting subsystem adds calls to its functions to
* fill in relevant parts of struct taskstsats as follows
*
* rc = per-task-foo(stats, tsk);
* if (rc)
* goto err;
*/
err:
put_task_struct(tsk);
return rc;
}
static int fill_tgid(pid_t tgid, struct task_struct *tgidtsk,
struct taskstats *stats)
{
int rc;
struct task_struct *tsk, *first;
first = tgidtsk;
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
if (!first) {
first = find_task_by_pid(tgid);
if (!first) {
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
return -ESRCH;
}
}
tsk = first;
do {
/*
* Each accounting subsystem adds calls its functions to
* fill in relevant parts of struct taskstsats as follows
*
* rc = per-task-foo(stats, tsk);
* if (rc)
* break;
*/
} while_each_thread(first, tsk);
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
/*
* Accounting subsytems can also add calls here if they don't
* wish to aggregate statistics for per-tgid stats
*/
return rc;
}
static int taskstats_send_stats(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
{
int rc = 0;
struct sk_buff *rep_skb;
struct taskstats stats;
void *reply;
size_t size;
struct nlattr *na;
/*
* Size includes space for nested attributes
*/
size = nla_total_size(sizeof(u32)) +
nla_total_size(sizeof(struct taskstats)) + nla_total_size(0);
memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
rc = prepare_reply(info, TASKSTATS_CMD_NEW, &rep_skb, &reply, size);
if (rc < 0)
return rc;
if (info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID]) {
u32 pid = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID]);
rc = fill_pid(pid, NULL, &stats);
if (rc < 0)
goto err;
na = nla_nest_start(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID);
NLA_PUT_U32(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID, pid);
NLA_PUT_TYPE(rep_skb, struct taskstats, TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS,
stats);
} else if (info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID]) {
u32 tgid = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID]);
rc = fill_tgid(tgid, NULL, &stats);
if (rc < 0)
goto err;
na = nla_nest_start(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID);
NLA_PUT_U32(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID, tgid);
NLA_PUT_TYPE(rep_skb, struct taskstats, TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS,
stats);
} else {
rc = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
nla_nest_end(rep_skb, na);
return send_reply(rep_skb, info->snd_pid, TASKSTATS_MSG_UNICAST);
nla_put_failure:
return genlmsg_cancel(rep_skb, reply);
err:
nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
return rc;
}
/* Send pid data out on exit */
void taskstats_exit_send(struct task_struct *tsk, struct taskstats *tidstats,
struct taskstats *tgidstats)
{
int rc;
struct sk_buff *rep_skb;
void *reply;
size_t size;
int is_thread_group;
struct nlattr *na;
if (!family_registered || !tidstats)
return;
mutex_lock(&taskstats_exit_mutex);
is_thread_group = !thread_group_empty(tsk);
rc = 0;
/*
* Size includes space for nested attributes
*/
size = nla_total_size(sizeof(u32)) +
nla_total_size(sizeof(struct taskstats)) + nla_total_size(0);
if (is_thread_group)
size = 2 * size; /* PID + STATS + TGID + STATS */
rc = prepare_reply(NULL, TASKSTATS_CMD_NEW, &rep_skb, &reply, size);
if (rc < 0)
goto ret;
rc = fill_pid(tsk->pid, tsk, tidstats);
if (rc < 0)
goto err_skb;
na = nla_nest_start(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID);
NLA_PUT_U32(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID, (u32)tsk->pid);
NLA_PUT_TYPE(rep_skb, struct taskstats, TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS,
*tidstats);
nla_nest_end(rep_skb, na);
if (!is_thread_group || !tgidstats) {
send_reply(rep_skb, 0, TASKSTATS_MSG_MULTICAST);
goto ret;
}
rc = fill_tgid(tsk->pid, tsk, tgidstats);
/*
* If fill_tgid() failed then one probable reason could be that the
* thread group leader has exited. fill_tgid() will fail, send out
* the pid statistics collected earlier.
*/
if (rc < 0) {
send_reply(rep_skb, 0, TASKSTATS_MSG_MULTICAST);
goto ret;
}
na = nla_nest_start(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID);
NLA_PUT_U32(rep_skb, TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID, (u32)tsk->tgid);
NLA_PUT_TYPE(rep_skb, struct taskstats, TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS,
*tgidstats);
nla_nest_end(rep_skb, na);
send_reply(rep_skb, 0, TASKSTATS_MSG_MULTICAST);
goto ret;
nla_put_failure:
genlmsg_cancel(rep_skb, reply);
goto ret;
err_skb:
nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
ret:
mutex_unlock(&taskstats_exit_mutex);
return;
}
static struct genl_ops taskstats_ops = {
.cmd = TASKSTATS_CMD_GET,
.doit = taskstats_send_stats,
.policy = taskstats_cmd_get_policy,
};
/* Needed early in initialization */
void __init taskstats_init_early(void)
{
taskstats_cache = kmem_cache_create("taskstats_cache",
sizeof(struct taskstats),
0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);
}
static int __init taskstats_init(void)
{
int rc;
rc = genl_register_family(&family);
if (rc)
return rc;
rc = genl_register_ops(&family, &taskstats_ops);
if (rc < 0)
goto err;
family_registered = 1;
return 0;
err:
genl_unregister_family(&family);
return rc;
}
/*
* late initcall ensures initialization of statistics collection
* mechanisms precedes initialization of the taskstats interface
*/
late_initcall(taskstats_init);