diff --git a/net/ipv4/ip_vti.c b/net/ipv4/ip_vti.c
index afcee51b90ed..13ef00f1e17b 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/ip_vti.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/ip_vti.c
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ static netdev_tx_t vti_tunnel_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
 static int vti4_err(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 info)
 {
 	__be32 spi;
+	__u32 mark;
 	struct xfrm_state *x;
 	struct ip_tunnel *tunnel;
 	struct ip_esp_hdr *esph;
@@ -254,6 +255,8 @@ static int vti4_err(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 info)
 	if (!tunnel)
 		return -1;
 
+	mark = be32_to_cpu(tunnel->parms.o_key);
+
 	switch (protocol) {
 	case IPPROTO_ESP:
 		esph = (struct ip_esp_hdr *)(skb->data+(iph->ihl<<2));
@@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ static int vti4_err(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 info)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	x = xfrm_state_lookup(net, skb->mark, (const xfrm_address_t *)&iph->daddr,
+	x = xfrm_state_lookup(net, mark, (const xfrm_address_t *)&iph->daddr,
 			      spi, protocol, AF_INET);
 	if (!x)
 		return 0;
diff --git a/net/ipv4/xfrm4_output.c b/net/ipv4/xfrm4_output.c
index 40e701f2e1e0..186a8ecf92fa 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/xfrm4_output.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/xfrm4_output.c
@@ -62,10 +62,7 @@ int xfrm4_prepare_output(struct xfrm_state *x, struct sk_buff *skb)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	memset(IPCB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IPCB(skb)));
-	IPCB(skb)->flags |= IPSKB_XFRM_TUNNEL_SIZE | IPSKB_XFRM_TRANSFORMED;
-
-	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);
+	IPCB(skb)->flags |= IPSKB_XFRM_TUNNEL_SIZE;
 
 	return x->outer_mode->output2(x, skb);
 }
@@ -73,27 +70,34 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(xfrm4_prepare_output);
 
 int xfrm4_output_finish(struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
-	if (!skb_dst(skb)->xfrm) {
-		IPCB(skb)->flags |= IPSKB_REROUTED;
-		return dst_output(skb);
-	}
+	memset(IPCB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IPCB(skb)));
+	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
 	IPCB(skb)->flags |= IPSKB_XFRM_TRANSFORMED;
 #endif
 
-	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);
 	return xfrm_output(skb);
 }
 
+static int __xfrm4_output(struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	struct xfrm_state *x = skb_dst(skb)->xfrm;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
+	if (!x) {
+		IPCB(skb)->flags |= IPSKB_REROUTED;
+		return dst_output(skb);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return x->outer_mode->afinfo->output_finish(skb);
+}
+
 int xfrm4_output(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
-	struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb);
-	struct xfrm_state *x = dst->xfrm;
-
 	return NF_HOOK_COND(NFPROTO_IPV4, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, skb,
-			    NULL, dst->dev,
-			    x->outer_mode->afinfo->output_finish,
+			    NULL, skb_dst(skb)->dev, __xfrm4_output,
 			    !(IPCB(skb)->flags & IPSKB_REROUTED));
 }
 
diff --git a/net/ipv4/xfrm4_protocol.c b/net/ipv4/xfrm4_protocol.c
index 7f7b243e8139..a2ce0101eaac 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/xfrm4_protocol.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/xfrm4_protocol.c
@@ -50,8 +50,12 @@ int xfrm4_rcv_cb(struct sk_buff *skb, u8 protocol, int err)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct xfrm4_protocol *handler;
+	struct xfrm4_protocol __rcu **head = proto_handlers(protocol);
 
-	for_each_protocol_rcu(*proto_handlers(protocol), handler)
+	if (!head)
+		return 0;
+
+	for_each_protocol_rcu(*head, handler)
 		if ((ret = handler->cb_handler(skb, err)) <= 0)
 			return ret;
 
@@ -64,15 +68,20 @@ int xfrm4_rcv_encap(struct sk_buff *skb, int nexthdr, __be32 spi,
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct xfrm4_protocol *handler;
+	struct xfrm4_protocol __rcu **head = proto_handlers(nexthdr);
 
 	XFRM_TUNNEL_SKB_CB(skb)->tunnel.ip4 = NULL;
 	XFRM_SPI_SKB_CB(skb)->family = AF_INET;
 	XFRM_SPI_SKB_CB(skb)->daddroff = offsetof(struct iphdr, daddr);
 
-	for_each_protocol_rcu(*proto_handlers(nexthdr), handler)
+	if (!head)
+		goto out;
+
+	for_each_protocol_rcu(*head, handler)
 		if ((ret = handler->input_handler(skb, nexthdr, spi, encap_type)) != -EINVAL)
 			return ret;
 
+out:
 	icmp_send(skb, ICMP_DEST_UNREACH, ICMP_PORT_UNREACH, 0);
 
 	kfree_skb(skb);
@@ -208,6 +217,9 @@ int xfrm4_protocol_register(struct xfrm4_protocol *handler,
 	int ret = -EEXIST;
 	int priority = handler->priority;
 
+	if (!proto_handlers(protocol) || !netproto(protocol))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	mutex_lock(&xfrm4_protocol_mutex);
 
 	if (!rcu_dereference_protected(*proto_handlers(protocol),
@@ -250,6 +262,9 @@ int xfrm4_protocol_deregister(struct xfrm4_protocol *handler,
 	struct xfrm4_protocol *t;
 	int ret = -ENOENT;
 
+	if (!proto_handlers(protocol) || !netproto(protocol))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	mutex_lock(&xfrm4_protocol_mutex);
 
 	for (pprev = proto_handlers(protocol);
diff --git a/net/ipv6/ip6_vti.c b/net/ipv6/ip6_vti.c
index b7c0f827140b..6cc9f9371cc5 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/ip6_vti.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/ip6_vti.c
@@ -511,6 +511,7 @@ static int vti6_err(struct sk_buff *skb, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
 		    u8 type, u8 code, int offset, __be32 info)
 {
 	__be32 spi;
+	__u32 mark;
 	struct xfrm_state *x;
 	struct ip6_tnl *t;
 	struct ip_esp_hdr *esph;
@@ -524,6 +525,8 @@ static int vti6_err(struct sk_buff *skb, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
 	if (!t)
 		return -1;
 
+	mark = be32_to_cpu(t->parms.o_key);
+
 	switch (protocol) {
 	case IPPROTO_ESP:
 		esph = (struct ip_esp_hdr *)(skb->data + offset);
@@ -545,7 +548,7 @@ static int vti6_err(struct sk_buff *skb, struct inet6_skb_parm *opt,
 	    type != NDISC_REDIRECT)
 		return 0;
 
-	x = xfrm_state_lookup(net, skb->mark, (const xfrm_address_t *)&iph->daddr,
+	x = xfrm_state_lookup(net, mark, (const xfrm_address_t *)&iph->daddr,
 			      spi, protocol, AF_INET6);
 	if (!x)
 		return 0;
@@ -1097,7 +1100,6 @@ static int __init vti6_tunnel_init(void)
 
 	err = xfrm6_protocol_register(&vti_esp6_protocol, IPPROTO_ESP);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		unregister_pernet_device(&vti6_net_ops);
 		pr_err("%s: can't register vti6 protocol\n", __func__);
 
 		goto out;
@@ -1106,7 +1108,6 @@ static int __init vti6_tunnel_init(void)
 	err = xfrm6_protocol_register(&vti_ah6_protocol, IPPROTO_AH);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		xfrm6_protocol_deregister(&vti_esp6_protocol, IPPROTO_ESP);
-		unregister_pernet_device(&vti6_net_ops);
 		pr_err("%s: can't register vti6 protocol\n", __func__);
 
 		goto out;
@@ -1116,7 +1117,6 @@ static int __init vti6_tunnel_init(void)
 	if (err < 0) {
 		xfrm6_protocol_deregister(&vti_ah6_protocol, IPPROTO_AH);
 		xfrm6_protocol_deregister(&vti_esp6_protocol, IPPROTO_ESP);
-		unregister_pernet_device(&vti6_net_ops);
 		pr_err("%s: can't register vti6 protocol\n", __func__);
 
 		goto out;
diff --git a/net/ipv6/xfrm6_output.c b/net/ipv6/xfrm6_output.c
index 19ef329bdbf8..b930d080c66f 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/xfrm6_output.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/xfrm6_output.c
@@ -114,12 +114,6 @@ int xfrm6_prepare_output(struct xfrm_state *x, struct sk_buff *skb)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	memset(IP6CB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IP6CB(skb)));
-#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
-	IP6CB(skb)->flags |= IP6SKB_XFRM_TRANSFORMED;
-#endif
-
-	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6);
 	skb->local_df = 1;
 
 	return x->outer_mode->output2(x, skb);
@@ -128,11 +122,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(xfrm6_prepare_output);
 
 int xfrm6_output_finish(struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
+	memset(IP6CB(skb), 0, sizeof(*IP6CB(skb)));
+	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
 	IP6CB(skb)->flags |= IP6SKB_XFRM_TRANSFORMED;
 #endif
 
-	skb->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6);
 	return xfrm_output(skb);
 }
 
@@ -142,6 +138,13 @@ static int __xfrm6_output(struct sk_buff *skb)
 	struct xfrm_state *x = dst->xfrm;
 	int mtu;
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
+	if (!x) {
+		IP6CB(skb)->flags |= IP6SKB_REROUTED;
+		return dst_output(skb);
+	}
+#endif
+
 	if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6))
 		mtu = ip6_skb_dst_mtu(skb);
 	else
@@ -165,6 +168,7 @@ static int __xfrm6_output(struct sk_buff *skb)
 
 int xfrm6_output(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
-	return NF_HOOK(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, skb, NULL,
-		       skb_dst(skb)->dev, __xfrm6_output);
+	return NF_HOOK_COND(NFPROTO_IPV6, NF_INET_POST_ROUTING, skb,
+			    NULL, skb_dst(skb)->dev, __xfrm6_output,
+			    !(IP6CB(skb)->flags & IP6SKB_REROUTED));
 }
diff --git a/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c b/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c
index 6ab989c486f7..54d13f8dbbae 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ int xfrm6_rcv_cb(struct sk_buff *skb, u8 protocol, int err)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct xfrm6_protocol *handler;
+	struct xfrm6_protocol __rcu **head = proto_handlers(protocol);
+
+	if (!head)
+		return 0;
 
 	for_each_protocol_rcu(*proto_handlers(protocol), handler)
 		if ((ret = handler->cb_handler(skb, err)) <= 0)
@@ -184,10 +188,12 @@ int xfrm6_protocol_register(struct xfrm6_protocol *handler,
 	struct xfrm6_protocol __rcu **pprev;
 	struct xfrm6_protocol *t;
 	bool add_netproto = false;
-
 	int ret = -EEXIST;
 	int priority = handler->priority;
 
+	if (!proto_handlers(protocol) || !netproto(protocol))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	mutex_lock(&xfrm6_protocol_mutex);
 
 	if (!rcu_dereference_protected(*proto_handlers(protocol),
@@ -230,6 +236,9 @@ int xfrm6_protocol_deregister(struct xfrm6_protocol *handler,
 	struct xfrm6_protocol *t;
 	int ret = -ENOENT;
 
+	if (!proto_handlers(protocol) || !netproto(protocol))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	mutex_lock(&xfrm6_protocol_mutex);
 
 	for (pprev = proto_handlers(protocol);