For the x86_model to be greater than 6 or less than 12 is
logically always true.
Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Though the most time we are to panic on irq-pin allocation
fails, for PCI interrupts it's not the case and we could
continue operate even if irq-pin allocation failed.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <20090805200931.GB5319@lenovo>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
KVM would like to provide x2APIC interface to a guest without emulating
interrupt remapping device. The reason KVM prefers guest to use x2APIC
is that x2APIC interface is better virtualizable and provides better
performance than mmio xAPIC interface:
- msr exits are faster than mmio (no page table walk, emulation)
- no need to read back ICR to look at the busy bit
- one 64 bit ICR write instead of two 32 bit writes
- shared code with the Hyper-V paravirt interface
Included patch changes x2APIC enabling logic to enable it even if IR
initialization failed, but kernel runs under KVM and no apic id is
greater than 255 (if there is one spec requires BIOS to move to x2apic
mode before starting an OS).
-v2: fix build
-v3: fix bug causing compiler warning
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Sheng Yang <sheng@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "avi@redhat.com" <avi@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090720122417.GR5638@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
cpu_has_apic has already investigated boot_cpu_data
X86_FEATURE_APIC bit for being clear if condition is
triggered.
So there is no need to clear this bit second time.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcuno v <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@linux-mips.org>
LKML-Reference: <20090722205259.GE15805@lenovo>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Instead of plain NULL deref we better throw error
message with a backtrace. Actually we need more
gracious error handling here. Meanwhile leave it
as is.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: yinghai@kernel.org
LKML-Reference: <20090801075435.769301745@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This allow us to save a few lines of code.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: yinghai@kernel.org
LKML-Reference: <20090801075435.597863129@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This takes care of the following entry from Dan's list:
arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c +3241 destroy_irq(11) warning: variable derefenced before check 'desc'
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Eugene Teo <eteo@redhat.com>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
LKML-Reference: <200907302321.19086.bzolnier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The 32 and 64-bit versions of ioapic_retrigger_irq() are identical
except the 64-bit one takes vector_lock. vector_lock is defined and
used on 32-bit too, so just use a common ioapic_retrigger_irq().
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
There's no need for a control variable in replace_pin_at_irq_node();
it can just return if it finds the old apic/pin to replace.
If the loop terminates, then it didn't find the old apic/pin, so it can
add the new ones.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Rather than duplicating the same alloc/init code twice, restructure
the function to look for duplicates and then add an entry
if none is found.
This function is not performance critical; all but one of its callers
are __init functions, and the non-__init caller is for PCI device setup.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Convert the unconventional loop in io_apic_level_ack_pending() to
a conventional for() loop.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
The comment got separated from its subject, so move it to what
appears to be the right place, and update to describe the current
structure.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
The structure is defined immediately below, so there's no need
to forward declare it.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
While no 64-bit hardware will have a version 0x11 I/O APIC which needs
the level/edge bug workaround, that's not a particular reason to use
CONFIG_X86_32 to #ifdef the code out. Most 32-bit machines will no
longer need the workaround either, so the test to see whether it is
necessary should be more fine-grained than "32-bit=yes, 64-bit=no".
(Also fix formatting of block comment.)
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
The main difference between 32 and 64-bit __mask_IO_APIC_irq() does a
readback from the I/O APIC to synchronize it.
If there's a hardware requirement to do a readback sync after updating
an APIC register, then it will be a hardware requrement regardless of
whether the kernel is compiled 32 or 64-bit.
Unify __mask_IO_APIC_irq() using the 64-bit version which always syncs
with io_apic_sync().
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
If ioapic_modify_irq() is marked inline, it gets inlined several times.
Un-inlining it saves around 200 bytes in .text for me.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
* 'core-fixes-for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
dma-debug: Fix the overlap() function to be correct and readable
oprofile: reset bt_lost_no_mapping with other stats
x86/oprofile: rename kernel parameter for architectural perfmon to arch_perfmon
signals: declare sys_rt_tgsigqueueinfo in syscalls.h
rcu: Mark Hierarchical RCU no longer experimental
dma-debug: Put all hash-chain locks into the same lock class
dma-debug: fix off-by-one error in overlap function
* 'perfcounters-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (50 commits)
perf report: Add "Fractal" mode output - support callchains with relative overhead rate
perf_counter tools: callchains: Manage the cumul hits on the fly
perf report: Change default callchain parameters
perf report: Use a modifiable string for default callchain options
perf report: Warn on callchain output request from non-callchain file
x86: atomic64: Inline atomic64_read() again
x86: atomic64: Clean up atomic64_sub_and_test() and atomic64_add_negative()
x86: atomic64: Improve atomic64_xchg()
x86: atomic64: Export APIs to modules
x86: atomic64: Improve atomic64_read()
x86: atomic64: Code atomic(64)_read and atomic(64)_set in C not CPP
x86: atomic64: Fix unclean type use in atomic64_xchg()
x86: atomic64: Make atomic_read() type-safe
x86: atomic64: Reduce size of functions
x86: atomic64: Improve atomic64_add_return()
x86: atomic64: Improve cmpxchg8b()
x86: atomic64: Improve atomic64_read()
x86: atomic64: Move the 32-bit atomic64_t implementation to a .c file
x86: atomic64: The atomic64_t data type should be 8 bytes aligned on 32-bit too
perf report: Annotate variable initialization
...
Pull the initial preempt_count value into a single
definition site.
Maintainers for: alpha, ia64 and m68k, please have a look,
your arch code is funny.
The header magic is a bit odd, but similar to the KERNEL_DS
one, CPP waits with expanding these macros until the
INIT_THREAD_INFO macro itself is expanded, which is in
arch/*/kernel/init_task.c where we've already included
sched.h so we're good.
Cc: tony.luck@intel.com
Cc: rth@twiddle.net
Cc: geert@linux-m68k.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 1faa16d228 accidentally broke
the bdi congestion wait queue logic, causing us to wait on congestion
for WRITE (== 1) when we really wanted BLK_RW_ASYNC (== 0) instead.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (29 commits)
cxgb3: Fix crash caused by stashing wrong netdev_queue
ixgbe: Fix coexistence of FCoE and Flow Director in 82599
memory barrier: adding smp_mb__after_lock
net: adding memory barrier to the poll and receive callbacks
netpoll: Fix carrier detection for drivers that are using phylib
includecheck fix: include/linux, rfkill.h
p54: tx refused but queue active
Atheros Kconfig needs to be dependent on WLAN_80211
mac80211: fix docbook
mac80211_hwsim: avoid NULL access
ssb: Add support for 4318E
b43: Add support for 4318E
zd1211rw: adding SONY IFU-WLM2 (054c:0257) as a zd1211b device
zd1211rw: 07b8:6001 is a ZD1211B
r6040: bump driver version to 0.24 and date to 08 July 2009
r6040: restore MIER register correctly when IRQ line is shared
ipv4: Fix fib_trie rebalancing, part 4 (root thresholds)
davinci_emac: fix kernel oops when changing MAC address while interface is down
igb: set lan id prior to configuring phy
mac80211: minstrel: avoid accessing negative indices in rix_to_ndx()
...
The short name of the achitecture is 'arch_perfmon'. This patch
changes the kernel parameter to use this name.
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Adding smp_mb__after_lock define to be used as a smp_mb call after
a lock.
Making it nop for x86, since {read|write|spin}_lock() on x86 are
full memory barriers.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Alex found that specjbb2005 still can not run with hugepages on an
x86-64 machine. This only happens when numa is not compiled in.
The root cause: node_set_state will not set it back for us in that case,
so don't clear that when numa is not select in config
[ v2: use node_clear_state instead ]
Reported-and-Tested-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 5fd29d6ccb ("printk: clean up
handling of log-levels and newlines") changed printk semantics. printk
lines with multiple KERN_<level> prefixes are no longer emitted as
before the patch.
<level> is now included in the output on each additional use.
Remove all uses of multiple KERN_<level>s in formats.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davej/cpufreq:
[CPUFREQ] Powernow-k8: support family 0xf with 2 low p-states
[CPUFREQ] fix (utter) cpufreq_add_dev mess
[CPUFREQ] Cleanup locking in conservative governor
[CPUFREQ] Cleanup locking in ondemand governor
[CPUFREQ] Mark policy_rwsem as going static in cpufreq.c wont be exported
[CPUFREQ] Eliminate the recent lockdep warnings in cpufreq
Patch 08687aec71bc9134fe336e561f6did877bacf74fc0a (x86: unify
power/cpu_(32|64).c) renamed cpu_32.c to cpu.c, but did not update
the special compilation flags for the file for the new name.
This patch fixes the compilation flags, and therefore fixes resume
from suspend on my Acer Aspire One.
[rjw: The regression from 2.6.30 fixed by this patch is tracked as
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13661]
Signed-off-by: Peter Chubb <peterc@nicta.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Provide support for family 0xf processors with 2 P-states
below the elevator voltage. Remove the checks that prevent
this configuration from being supported and increase the
transition voltage to prevent errors during the transition.
Signed-off-by: Mark Langsdorf <mark.langsdorf@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86: fix usage of bios intcall()
x86: Remove unused function lapic_watchdog_ok()
x86: Remove unused variable disable_x2apic
x86, kvm: Fix section mismatches in kvm.c
x86: Add missing annotation to arch/x86/lib/copy_user_64.S::copy_to_user
x86: Fix fixmap page order for FIX_TEXT_POKE0,1
amd-iommu: set evt_buf_size correctly
amd-iommu: handle alias entries correctly in init code
x86: Fix printk call in print_local_apic()
x86: Declare check_efer() before it gets used
x86: Mark device_nb as static and fix NULL noise
x86: Remove double declaration of MSR_P6_EVNTSEL0 and MSR_P6_EVNTSEL1
xen: Use kcalloc() in xen_init_IRQ()
x86: Fix fixmap ordering
x86: Fix symbol annotation for arch/x86/lib/clear_page_64.S::clear_page_c
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci-2.6:
PCI: Fix IRQ swizzling for ARI-enabled devices
ia64/PCI: adjust section annotation for pcibios_setup()
x86/PCI: get root CRS before scanning children
x86/PCI: fix boundary checking when using root CRS
PCI MSI: Fix restoration of MSI/MSI-X mask states in suspend/resume
PCI MSI: Unmask MSI if setup failed
PCI MSI: shorten PCI_MSIX_ENTRY_* symbol names
PCI: make pci_name() take const argument
PCI: More PATA quirks for not entering D3
PCI: fix kernel-doc warnings
PCI: check if bus has a proper bridge device before triggering SBR
PCI: remove pci_dac_dma_... APIs on mn10300
PCI ECRC: Remove unnecessary semicolons
PCI MSI: Return if alloc_msi_entry for MSI-X failed
* git://git.infradead.org/iommu-2.6:
intel-iommu: Don't use identity mapping for PCI devices behind bridges
intel-iommu: Use iommu_should_identity_map() at startup time too.
intel-iommu: No mapping for non-PCI devices
intel-iommu: Restore DMAR_BROKEN_GFX_WA option for broken graphics drivers
intel-iommu: Add iommu_should_identity_map() function
intel-iommu: Fix reattaching of devices to identity mapping domain
intel-iommu: Don't set identity mapping for bypassed graphics devices
intel-iommu: Fix dma vs. mm page confusion with aligned_nrpages()
Some intcall() misuses the input biosregs as output in
cf06de7b9c
This fixes the problem vga=ask boot option doesn't show enough modes.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090701021307.GA3127@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
We need to give people a little more time to fix the broken drivers.
Re-introduce this, but tied in properly with the 'iommu=pt' support this
time. Change the config option name and make it default to 'no' too.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Now atomic64_read() is light weight (no register pressure and
small icache), we can inline it again.
Also use "=&A" constraint instead of "+A" to avoid warning
about unitialized 'res' variable. (gcc had to force 0 in eax/edx)
$ size vmlinux.prev vmlinux.after
text data bss dec hex filename
4908667 451676 1684868 7045211 6b805b vmlinux.prev
4908651 451676 1684868 7045195 6b804b vmlinux.after
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
LKML-Reference: <4A4E1AA2.30002@gmail.com>
[ Also fix typo in atomic64_set() export ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Linus noticed that the variable name 'old_val' is
confusingly named in these functions - the correct
naming is 'new_val'.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
LKML-Reference: <alpine.LFD.2.01.0907030942260.3210@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Remove the read-first logic from atomic64_xchg() and simplify
the loop.
This function was the last user of __atomic64_read() - remove it.
Also, change the 'real_val' assumption from the somewhat quirky
1ULL << 32 value to the (just as arbitrary, but simpler) value
of 0.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
LKML-Reference: <tip-05118ab8859492ac9ddda0154cf90e37b0a4a0b0@git.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
atomic64_t primitives are used by a handful of drivers,
so export the APIs consistently. These were inlined
before.
Also mark atomic64_32.o a core object, so that the symbols
are available even if not linked to core kernel pieces.
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
LKML-Reference: <tip-05118ab8859492ac9ddda0154cf90e37b0a4a0b0@git.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Occasionally we get bugs where atomic_read or atomic_set are
used on atomic64_t variables or vice versa. These bugs don't
generate warnings on x86 because atomic_read and atomic_set are
coded as macros rather than C functions, so we don't get any
type-checking on their arguments; similarly for atomic64_read
and atomic64_set in 64-bit kernels.
This converts them to C functions so that the arguments are
type-checked and bugs like this will get caught more easily. It
also converts atomic_cmpxchg and atomic_xchg, and
atomic64_cmpxchg and atomic64_xchg on 64-bit, so we get
type-checking on their arguments too.
Compiling a typical 64-bit x86 config, this generates no new
warnings, and the vmlinux text is 86 bytes smaller.
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
LKML-Reference: <alpine.LFD.2.01.0907021653030.3210@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
lapic_watchdog_ok() is a global function but no one is using it.
Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <1246554335.2242.29.camel@jaswinder.satnam>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
setup_nox2apic() is writing 1 to disable_x2apic but no one is reading it.
Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1246554239.2242.27.camel@jaswinder.satnam>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The function paravirt_ops_setup() has been refering the
variable no_timer_check, which is a __initdata. Thus generates
the following warning. paravirt_ops_setup() function is called
from kvm_guest_init() which is a __init function. So to fix
this we mark paravirt_ops_setup as __init.
The sections-check output that warned us about this was:
LD arch/x86/built-in.o
WARNING: arch/x86/built-in.o(.text+0x166ce): Section mismatch in
reference from the function paravirt_ops_setup() to the variable
.init.data:no_timer_check
The function paravirt_ops_setup() references
the variable __initdata no_timer_check.
This is often because paravirt_ops_setup lacks a __initdata
annotation or the annotation of no_timer_check is wrong.
Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <b9df5fa10907012240y356427b8ta4bd07f0efc6a049@mail.gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
While examining symbol generation in perf_counter tools, I
noticed that copy_to_user() had no size in vmlinux's symtab.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm>
Acked-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
LKML-Reference: <1246512440.13293.3.camel@marge.simson.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Roel Kluin
Yinghai Lu
Cyrill Gorcunov
Gleb Natapov
Cyrill Gorcunov
Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz
Jeremy Fitzhardinge
Linus Torvalds
Peter Zijlstra
Jens Axboe
Robert Richter
Jiri Olsa
Joe Perches
Peter Chubb
Mark Langsdorf
Peter Oberparleiter
Akinobu Mita
David Woodhouse
Eric Dumazet
Ingo Molnar
Paul Mackerras
Jaswinder Singh Rajput
Rakib Mullick
Mike Galbraith