Now that the mac80211 is choosing dynamic ps timeouts based on the ps-qos
network latency configuration, configure a default value of -1 as the dynamic
ps timeout in cfg80211. This value allows the mac80211 to determine the value
to be used.
Signed-off-by: Juuso Oikarinen <juuso.oikarinen@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
The most needed command from nl80211, which Wireless Extensions had,
is support for power save mode. Add a simple command to make it possible
to enable and disable power save via nl80211.
I was also planning about extending the interface, for example adding the
timeout value, but after thinking more about this I decided not to do it.
Basically there were three reasons:
Firstly, the parameters for power save are very much hardware dependent.
Trying to find a unified interface which would work with all hardware, and
still make sense to users, will be very difficult.
Secondly, IEEE 802.11 power save implementation in Linux is still in state
of flux. We have a long way to still to go and there is no way to predict
what kind of implementation we will have after few years. And because we
need to support nl80211 interface a long time, practically forever, adding
now parameters to nl80211 might create maintenance problems later on.
Third issue are the users. Power save parameters are mostly used for
debugging, so debugfs is better, more flexible, interface for this.
For example, wpa_supplicant currently doesn't configure anything related
to power save mode. It's better to strive that kernel can automatically
optimise the power save parameters, like with help of pm qos network
and other traffic parameters.
Later on, when we have better understanding of power save, we can extend
this command with more features, if there's a need for that.
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kalle.valo@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This implements a new command to register for action frames
that userspace wants to handle instead of the in-kernel
rejection. It is then responsible for rejecting ones that
it decided not to handle. There is no unregistration, but
the socket can be closed for that.
Frames that are not registered for will not be forwarded
to userspace and will be rejected by the kernel, the
cfg80211 API helps implementing that.
Additionally, this patch adds a new command that allows
doing action frame transmission from userspace. It can be
used either to exchange action frames on the current
operational channel (e.g., with the AP with which we are
currently associated) or to exchange off-channel Public
Action frames with the remain-on-channel command.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni.malinen@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
If a device has multiple MAC addresses, userspace will
need to know about that. Similarly, if it allows the
MAC addresses to vary by a bitmask.
If a driver exports multiple addresses, it is assumed
that it will be able to deal with that many different
addresses, which need not necessarily match the ones
programmed into the device; if a mask is set then the
device should deal addresses within that mask based
on an arbitrary "base address".
To test it all and show how it is used, add support
to hwsim even though it can't actually deal with
addresses different from the default.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Future code will need to look up rdev and wdev
within atomic sections, but currently we need
to lock a mutex for such lookups. Change the
list handling for both to be RCU-safe so that
we can look them up in rcu sections instead in
the future.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
The new attribute NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_COVERAGE_CLASS sets IEEE 802.11
Coverage Class, which depends on maximum distance of nodes in a
wireless network. It's required for long distance links (more than a few
hundred meters).
The attribute is now ignored by two non-mac80211 drivers, rndis and
iwmc3200wifi, together with WIPHY_PARAM_RETRY_SHORT and
WIPHY_PARAM_RETRY_LONG. If it turns out to be a problem, we could split
set_wiphy_params callback or add new capability bits.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Turek <8an@praha12.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When CONFIG_CFG80211_WEXT is not set, there is
a refcount imbalance with rdev->opencount, fix
that by moving it out of the ifdef.
Reported-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This patch moves the works cleanup, scan and events to a cfg80211
dedicated workqueue.
Platform driver like eeepc-laptop ought to use works to rfkill (as
new rfkill does lock in rfkill_unregister and the platform driver is
called from rfkill_switch_all which also lock the same mutex).
This raise a new issue in itself that the work scheduled by the platform
driver to the global worqueue calls wiphy_unregister which flush_work
scan and event works (which thus flush works on the global workqueue inside
a work on the global workqueue) and also put on hold the wdev_cleanup_work
(which prevents the dev_put on netdev thus indefinite Usage count error on
wifi device).
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Alban Browaeys <prahal@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
A number of people have tried to add a wireless interface
(in managed mode) to a bridge and then complained that it
doesn't work. It cannot work, however, because in 802.11
networks all packets need to be acknowledged and as such
need to be sent to the right address. Promiscuous doesn't
help here. The wireless address format used for these
links has only space for three addresses, the
* transmitter, which must be equal to the sender (origin)
* receiver (on the wireless medium), which is the AP in
the case of managed mode
* the recipient (destination), which is on the APs local
network segment
In an IBSS, it is similar, but the receiver and recipient
must match and the third address is used as the BSSID.
To avoid such mistakes in the future, disallow adding a
wireless interface to a bridge.
Felix has recently added a four-address mode to the AP
and client side that can be used (after negotiating that
it is possible, which must happen out-of-band by setting
up both sides) for bridging, so allow that case.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Acked-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
We've accumulated a number of options for wiphys
which make more sense as flags as we keep adding
more. Convert the existing ones.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
We can save a lot of code and pointers in the structs
by using debugfs_remove_recursive().
First, change cfg80211 to use debugfs_remove_recursive()
so that drivers do not need to clean up any files they
added to the per-wiphy debugfs (if and only if they are
ok to be accessed until after wiphy_unregister!).
Then also make mac80211 use debugfs_remove_recursive()
where necessary -- it need not remove per-wiphy files
as cfg80211 now removes those, but netdev etc. files
still need to be handled but can now be removed without
needing struct dentry pointers to all of them.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
After m68k's task_thread_info() doesn't refer to current,
it's possible to remove sched.h from interrupt.h and not break m68k!
Many thanks to Heiko Carstens for allowing this.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Refactor wext to
* split out iwpriv handling
* split out iwspy handling
* split out procfs support
* allow cfg80211 to have wireless extensions compat code
w/o CONFIG_WIRELESS_EXT
After this, drivers need to
- select WIRELESS_EXT - for wext support
- select WEXT_PRIV - for iwpriv support
- select WEXT_SPY - for iwspy support
except cfg80211 -- which gets new hooks in wext-core.c
and can then get wext handlers without CONFIG_WIRELESS_EXT.
Wireless extensions procfs support is auto-selected
based on PROC_FS and anything that requires the wext core
(i.e. WIRELESS_EXT or CFG80211_WEXT).
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Instead of having to modify every non-mac80211 for device type assignment,
do this inside the netdev notifier callback of cfg80211. So all drivers
that integrate with cfg80211 will export a proper device type.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When the interface type changes while connected, and the
driver does not require the interface to be down for a
type change, it is currently possible to get very strange
results unless the driver takes special care, which it
shouldn't have to.
To fix this, take care to disconnect/leave IBSS when
changing the interface type -- even if the driver may fail
the call. Also process all events that may be pending to
avoid running into a situation where an event is reported
but only processed after the type has already changed,
which would lead to missing events and warnings.
A side effect of this is that you will have disconnected
or left the IBSS even if the mode change ultimately fails,
but since the intention was to change it and thus leave or
disconnect, this is not a problem.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When we lose a scan, cfg80211 tries to clean up after
the driver. However, it currently does this too early,
it does this in GOING_DOWN already instead of DOWN, so
it may happen with mac80211. Besides fixing this, also
make it more robust by leaking the scan request so if
the driver later actually finishes the scan, it won't
crash. Also check in ___cfg80211_scan_done whether a
scan request is still pending and exit if not.
Reported-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Tested-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
In case of connection failure, the bssid info is not a must have.
Signed-off-by: Zhu Yi <yi.zhu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
My patch "cfg80211: fix deadlock" broke the code it
was supposed to fix, the scan request checking. But
it's not trivial to put it back the way it was, since
the original patch had a deadlock.
Now do it in a completely new way: queue the check
off to a work struct, where we can freely lock. But
that has some more complications, like needing to
wait for it to be done before the wiphy/rdev can be
destroyed, so some code is required to handle that.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When removing an interface with nl80211, cfg80211 will
deadlock in the netdev notifier because we're already
holding rdev->mtx and try to acquire it again to verify
the scan has been done.
This bug was introduced by my patch
"cfg80211: check for and abort dangling scan requests".
To fix this, move the dangling scan request check into
wiphy_unregister(). This will not be able to catch all
cases right away, but if the scan problem happens with
a manual ifdown or so it will be possible to remedy it
by removing the module/device.
Additionally, add comments about the deadlock scenario.
Reported-by: Christian Lamparter <chunkeey@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Tested-by: Christian Lamparter <chunkeey@web.de>
Tested-by: Kalle Valo <kalle.valo@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Sometimes drivers might have a good reason to override
the PS default, like iwlwifi right now where it affects
RX performance significantly at this point. This will
allow them to override the default, if desired, in a
way that users can still change it according to their
trade-off choices, not the driver's, like would happen
if the driver just disabled PS completely then.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
If you trigger a scan request on an interface and then
take it down, or rmmod the module or unplug the device
the driver might "forget" to cancel the scan request.
That is a bug in the driver, but the current behaviour
is that we just hang endlessly waiting for the netdev
refcount to become 0 which it never will. To improve
robustness, check for this situation in cfg80211, warn
about it and clean up behind the driver. I don't just
clean up silently because it's likely that the driver
also has some internal state it has now leaked.
Additionally, this fixes a locking bug, clearing the
scan_req pointer should be done under the rdev lock.
Finally, we also need to _wait_ for the scan work and
not just abort it since it might be pending and wanting
to do a cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When calling into the wext code from the NETDEV_UP
notifier, we need to hold the devlist_mtx mutex as
the wext code ends up calling into channel checks.
Reported-by: Kalle Valo <kalle.valo@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Tested-by: Kalle Valo <kalle.valo@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
In order for userspace to be able to figure out whether
it obtained a consistent snapshot of data or not when
using netlink dumps, we need to have a generation number
in each dump message that indicates whether the list has
changed or not -- its value is arbitrary.
This patch adds such a number to all dumps, this needs
some mac80211 involvement to keep track of a generation
number to start with when adding/removing mesh paths or
stations.
The wiphy and netdev lists can be fully handled within
cfg80211, of course, but generation numbers need to be
stored there as well.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
The default of 500ms is pretty high, and leads
to the device being awake at least 50% of the
time under such light traffic conditions as a
simple 1 second interval ping. Reduce to just
100ms -- it should have a similar effect while
providing a better sleep time.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Reviewed-by: Kalle Valo <kalle.valo@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
We change regulatory code to be protected by its own regulatory
mutex and alleviate cfg80211_mutex to only be used to protect
cfg80211_rdev_list, the registered device list.
By doing this we will be able to work on regulatory core components
without having to have hog up the cfg80211_mutex. An example here is
we no longer need to use the cfg80211_mutex during driver specific
wiphy_apply_custom_regulatory(). We also no longer need it for the
the country IE regulatory hint; by doing so we end up curing this
new lockdep warning:
=======================================================
[ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
2.6.31-rc4-wl #12
-------------------------------------------------------
phy1/1709 is trying to acquire lock:
(cfg80211_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffa00af852>] regulatory_hint_11d+0x32/0x3f0 [cfg80211]
but task is already holding lock:
(&ifmgd->mtx){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffa0144228>] ieee80211_sta_work+0x108/0x10f0 [mac80211]
which lock already depends on the new lock.
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #3 (&ifmgd->mtx){+.+.+.}:
[<ffffffff810857b6>] __lock_acquire+0xd76/0x12b0
[<ffffffff81085dd3>] lock_acquire+0xe3/0x120
[<ffffffff814eeae4>] mutex_lock_nested+0x44/0x350
[<ffffffffa0141bb8>] ieee80211_mgd_auth+0x108/0x1f0 [mac80211]
[<ffffffffa0148563>] ieee80211_auth+0x13/0x20 [mac80211]
[<ffffffffa00bc3a1>] __cfg80211_mlme_auth+0x1b1/0x2a0 [cfg80211]
[<ffffffffa00bc516>] cfg80211_mlme_auth+0x86/0xc0 [cfg80211]
[<ffffffffa00b368d>] nl80211_authenticate+0x21d/0x230 [cfg80211]
[<ffffffff81416ba6>] genl_rcv_msg+0x1b6/0x1f0
[<ffffffff81415c39>] netlink_rcv_skb+0x89/0xb0
[<ffffffff814169d9>] genl_rcv+0x29/0x40
[<ffffffff8141591d>] netlink_unicast+0x29d/0x2b0
[<ffffffff81416514>] netlink_sendmsg+0x214/0x300
[<ffffffff813e4407>] sock_sendmsg+0x107/0x130
[<ffffffff813e45b9>] sys_sendmsg+0x189/0x320
[<ffffffff81011f82>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
-> #2 (&wdev->mtx){+.+.+.}:
[<ffffffff810857b6>] __lock_acquire+0xd76/0x12b0
[<ffffffff81085dd3>] lock_acquire+0xe3/0x120
[<ffffffff814eeae4>] mutex_lock_nested+0x44/0x350
[<ffffffffa00ab304>] cfg80211_netdev_notifier_call+0x1a4/0x390 [cfg80211]
[<ffffffff814f3dff>] notifier_call_chain+0x3f/0x80
[<ffffffff81075a91>] raw_notifier_call_chain+0x11/0x20
[<ffffffff813f665a>] dev_open+0x10a/0x120
[<ffffffff813f59bd>] dev_change_flags+0x9d/0x1e0
[<ffffffff8144eb6e>] devinet_ioctl+0x6fe/0x760
[<ffffffff81450204>] inet_ioctl+0x94/0xc0
[<ffffffff813e25fa>] sock_ioctl+0x6a/0x290
[<ffffffff8111e911>] vfs_ioctl+0x31/0xa0
[<ffffffff8111ea9a>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x8a/0x5c0
[<ffffffff8111f069>] sys_ioctl+0x99/0xa0
[<ffffffff81011f82>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
-> #1 (&rdev->mtx){+.+.+.}:
[<ffffffff810857b6>] __lock_acquire+0xd76/0x12b0
[<ffffffff81085dd3>] lock_acquire+0xe3/0x120
[<ffffffff814eeae4>] mutex_lock_nested+0x44/0x350
[<ffffffffa00ac4d0>] cfg80211_get_dev_from_ifindex+0x60/0x90 [cfg80211]
[<ffffffffa00b21ff>] get_rdev_dev_by_info_ifindex+0x6f/0xa0 [cfg80211]
[<ffffffffa00b51eb>] nl80211_set_interface+0x3b/0x260 [cfg80211]
[<ffffffff81416ba6>] genl_rcv_msg+0x1b6/0x1f0
[<ffffffff81415c39>] netlink_rcv_skb+0x89/0xb0
[<ffffffff814169d9>] genl_rcv+0x29/0x40
[<ffffffff8141591d>] netlink_unicast+0x29d/0x2b0
[<ffffffff81416514>] netlink_sendmsg+0x214/0x300
[<ffffffff813e4407>] sock_sendmsg+0x107/0x130
[<ffffffff813e45b9>] sys_sendmsg+0x189/0x320
[<ffffffff81011f82>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
other info that might help us debug this:
3 locks held by phy1/1709:
#0: ((wiphy_name(local->hw.wiphy))){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8106b45d>] worker_thread+0x19d/0x340
#1: (&ifmgd->work){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8106b45d>] worker_thread+0x19d/0x340
#2: (&ifmgd->mtx){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffa0144228>] ieee80211_sta_work+0x108/0x10f0 [mac80211]
Reported-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
It's possible to get the NETDEV_UNREGISTER callback multiple
times (see net/core/dev.c:netdev_wait_allrefs) and this will
completely mess up our cleanup code. To avoid that, clean up
only when the interface is still on the wiphy interface list
from which it's removed on the first NETDEV_UNREGISTER call.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When a userspace SME is active, we're currently not
keeping track of the BSS properly for reporting the
current link and for internal use. Additionally, it
looks like there is a possible BSS leak in that the
BSS never gets removed from auth_bsses[]. To fix it,
pass the BSS struct to __cfg80211_connect_result in
this case.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Finally! This is what you've all been waiting for!
This patch makes cfg80211 take care of wext emulation
_completely_ by itself, drivers that don't need things
cfg80211 doesn't do yet don't even need to be aware of
wireless extensions.
This means we can also clean up mac80211's and iwm's
Kconfig and make it possible to build them w/o wext
now!
RIP wext.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
In order to make cfg80211/nl80211 aware of network namespaces,
we have to do the following things:
* del_virtual_intf method takes an interface index rather
than a netdev pointer - simply change this
* nl80211 uses init_net a lot, it changes to use the sender's
network namespace
* scan requests use the interface index, hold a netdev pointer
and reference instead
* we want a wiphy and its associated virtual interfaces to be
in one netns together, so
- we need to be able to change ns for a given interface, so
export dev_change_net_namespace()
- for each virtual interface set the NETIF_F_NETNS_LOCAL
flag, and clear that flag only when the wiphy changes ns,
to disallow breaking this invariant
* when a network namespace goes away, we need to reparent the
wiphy to init_net
* cfg80211 users that support creating virtual interfaces must
create them in the wiphy's namespace, currently this affects
only mac80211
The end result is that you can now switch an entire wiphy into
a different network namespace with the new command
iw phy#<idx> set netns <pid>
and all virtual interfaces will follow (or the operation fails).
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
The work that we cancel there requires the cfg80211_mutex,
so we can't cancel it under the mutex, which is fine, we
can just move it to after the locked section.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This reworks the key operation in cfg80211, and now only
allows, from userspace, configuring keys (via nl80211)
after the connection has been established (in managed
mode), the IBSS been joined (in IBSS mode), at any time
(in AP[_VLAN] modes) or never for all the other modes.
In order to do shared key authentication correctly, it
is now possible to give a WEP key to the AUTH command.
To configure static WEP keys, these are given to the
CONNECT or IBSS_JOIN command directly, for a userspace
SME it is assumed it will configure it properly after
the connection has been established.
Since mac80211 used to check the default key in IBSS
mode to see whether or not the network is protected,
it needs an update in that area, as well as an update
to make use of the WEP key passed to auth() for shared
key authentication.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
In order to force drivers to advertise their interface
types, don't just disallow creating new interfaces with
unadvertised types but also disallow setting them UP.
Additionally, add some validation on the operations the
drivers support.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
We've named the registered devices 'drv' sometimes,
thinking of "driver", which is not what it is, it's
the internal representation of a wiphy, i.e. a
device. Let's clean up the naming once and and use
'rdev' aka 'registered device' everywhere.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Over time, a lot of locking issues have crept into
the smarts of cfg80211, so e.g. scan completion can
race against a new scan, IBSS join can race against
leaving an IBSS, etc.
Introduce a new per-interface lock that protects
most of the per-interface data that we need to keep
track of, and sprinkle assertions about that lock
everywhere. Some things now need to be offloaded to
work structs so that we don't require being able to
sleep in functions the drivers call. The exception
to that are the MLME callbacks (rx_auth etc.) that
currently only mac80211 calls because it was easier
to do that there instead of in cfg80211, and future
drivers implementing those calls will, if they ever
exist, probably need to use a similar scheme like
mac80211 anyway...
In order to be able to handle _deauth and _disassoc
properly, introduce a cookie passed to it that will
determine locking requirements.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Currently we call that cfg80211_put_dev(), but that is
misleading. With the new convention of using 'rdev' for
registered_device variables, also call that function
cfg80211_unlock_rdev().
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
We shouldn't be looking at the ssid_len for non-IBSS,
and for IBSS we should also return an error on trying
to leave an IBSS while not in or joining an IBSS.
This fixes an issue where we wouldn't disconnect() on
an interface being taken down since there's no SSID
configured this way.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
In order to avoid problems with BSS structs going away
while they're in use, I've long wanted to make cfg80211
keep track of them. Without the SME, that wasn't doable
but now that we have the SME we can do this too. It can
keep track of up to four separate authentications and
one association, regardless of whether it's controlled
by the cfg80211 SME or the userspace SME.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When the interface is brought down, we need to
reset the auth algorithm because wpa_supplicant
doesn't reset it, and then we fail to use shared
key auth when required later.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Just on/off and timeout, and with a hacky cfg80211 method
until we figure out what we want, though this is probably
sufficient as we want to use pm_qos for wifi everywhere.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This adds code to make it possible to use the cfg80211
connect() API with wireless extensions, and because the
previous patch added emulation of that API with auth()
and assoc(), by extension also supports wext on that.
At the same time, removes code from mac80211 for wext,
but doesn't yet clean up mac80211's mlme code more.
Signed-off-by: Samuel Ortiz <samuel.ortiz@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This adds code to cfg80211 so that drivers (mac80211 right
now) that don't implement connect but rather auth/assoc can
still be used with the nl80211 connect command. This will
also be necessary for the wext compat code.
Signed-off-by: Samuel Ortiz <samuel.ortiz@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This patch introduces the cfg80211 connect/disconnect API.
The goal here is to run the AUTH and ASSOC steps in one call.
This is needed for some fullmac cards that run both steps
directly from the target, after the host driver sends a
connect command.
Additionally, all the new crypto parameters for connect()
are now also valid for associate() -- although associate
requires the IEs to be used, the information can be useful
for drivers and should be given.
Signed-off-by: Samuel Ortiz <samuel.ortiz@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Move a break statement to the correct place _after_ the
#endif, otherwise w/o WIRELESS_EXT things break badly.
Also, while touching this code, do a cleanup and assign
dev->ieee80211_ptr to a new variable.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David Kilroy <kilroyd@googlemail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
rfkill currently requires a global lock within the
rfkill_register() function, and holds that lock over
calls to the set_block() methods. This means that we
cannot hold a lock around rfkill_register() that we
also require in set_block(), directly or indirectly.
Fix cfg80211 to register rfkill outside the block
locked by its global lock. Much of what cfg80211 does
in the locked block doesn't need to be locked anyway.
Reported-by: Vasanthakumar Thiagarajan <vasanth@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
To be easier on drivers and users, have cfg80211 register an
rfkill structure that drivers can access. When soft-killed,
simply take down all interfaces; when hard-killed the driver
needs to notify us and we will take down the interfaces
after the fact. While rfkilled, interfaces cannot be set UP.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This allows drivers to mark their cfg80211_ops tables const.
Signed-off-by: David Kilroy <kilroyd@googlemail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This moves the cfg80211 specific stuff to new cfg80211 debugfs
entries. Non-mac80211 will also get these entries now. There were
only 4 which we take:
rts_threshold
fragmentation_threshold
short_retry_limit
long_retry_limit
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Move key handling wireless extension ioctls from mac80211 to cfg80211
so that all drivers that implement the cfg80211 operations get wext
compatibility.
Note that this drops the SIOCGIWENCODE ioctl support for getting
IW_ENCODE_RESTRICTED/IW_ENCODE_OPEN. This means that iwconfig will
no longer report "Security mode:open" or "Security mode:restricted"
for mac80211. However, what we displayed there (the authentication
algo used) was actually wrong -- linux/wireless.h states that this
setting is meant to differentiate between "Refuse non-encoded packets"
and "Accept non-encoded packets".
(Combined with "cfg80211: fix a couple of bugs with key ioctls". -- JWL)
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
To make it more apparent in the code what is for wext
only (and needs to be #ifdef'ed) put all the info for
wext into a substruct in each wireless_dev.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When we leave an IBSS, we should clear the SSID and not just the
BSSID, but since WEXT allows configuring while the interface is
down we must not clear it when leaving due to taking the iface
down, so some complications are needed.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Add new nl80211 attributes that can be used with NL80211_CMD_SET_WIPHY
and NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY to manage fragmentation/RTS threshold and
retry limits.
Since these values are stored in struct wiphy, remove the local copy
from mac80211 where feasible (frag & rts threshold). The retry limits
are currently needed in struct ieee80211_conf, but these could be
eventually removed since the driver should have access to the values
in struct wiphy.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Trying to separate header files into net/wireless.h and
net/cfg80211.h has been a source of confusion. Remove
net/wireless.h (because there also is the linux/wireless.h)
and subsume everything into net/cfg80211.h -- except the
definitions for regulatory structures which get moved to
a new header net/regulatory.h.
The "new" net/cfg80211.h is now divided into sections.
There are no real changes in this patch but code shuffling
and some very minor documentation fixes.
I have also, to make things reflect reality, put in a
copyright line for Luis to net/regulatory.h since that
is probably exclusively written by him but was formerly
in a file that only had my copyright line.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This adds IBSS API along with (preliminary) wext handlers.
The wext handlers can only do IBSS so you need to call them
from your own wext handlers if the mode is IBSS.
The nl80211 API requires
* an SSID
* a channel (frequency) for the case that a new IBSS
has to be created
It optionally supports
* a flag to fix the channel
* a fixed BSSID
The cfg80211 code also takes care to leave the IBSS before
the netdev is set down. If wireless extensions are used, it
also caches values when the interface is down and instructs
the driver to join when the interface is set up.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Luis reports that there's a circular locking dependency;
this is because cfg80211_dev_rename() will acquire the
cfg80211_mutex while the device mutex is held, while
this normally is done the other way around. The solution
is to open-code the device-getting in nl80211_set_wiphy
and require holding the mutex around cfg80211_dev_rename
rather than acquiring it within.
Also fix a bug -- rtnl locking is expected by drivers so
we need to provide it.
Reported-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This allows us to send to userspace "regulatory" events.
For now we just send an event when we change regulatory domains.
We also notify userspace when devices are using their own custom
world roaming regulatory domains.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
We do this so we can later inform userspace who set the
regulatory domain and provide details of the request.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When devices are world roaming they cannot beacon or do active scan
on 5 GHz or on channels 12, 13 and 14 on the 2 GHz band. Although
we have a good regulatory API some cards may _always_ world roam, this
is also true when a system does not have CRDA present. Devices doing world
roaming can still passive scan, if they find a beacon from an AP on
one of the world roaming frequencies we make the assumption we can do
the same and we also remove the passive scan requirement.
This adds support for providing beacon regulatory hints based on scans.
This works for devices that do either hardware or software scanning.
If a channel has not yet been marked as having had a beacon present
on it we queue the beacon hint processing into the workqueue.
All wireless devices will benefit from beacon regulatory hints from
any wireless device on a system including new devices connected to
the system at a later time.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
We do this so later on we can move the pending requests onto a
workqueue. By using the wiphy_idx instead of the wiphy we can
later easily check if the wiphy has disappeared or not.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
cfg80211_drv_mutex is protecting more than the driver list,
this renames it and documents what its currently supposed to
protect.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This will later be used by others, for now make use of it in
cfg80211_drv_by_wiphy_idx() to return early if an invalid
wiphy_idx has been provided.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Makes it clearer to read when comparing to ifidx
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When cfg80211 users have their own allocated data in the per-BSS
private data, they will need to free this when the BSS struct is
destroyed. Add a free_priv method and fix one place where the BSS
was kfree'd rather than released properly.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This patch adds basic scan capability to cfg80211/nl80211 and
changes mac80211 to use it. The BSS list that cfg80211 maintains
is made driver-accessible with a private area in each BSS struct,
but mac80211 doesn't yet use it. That's another large project.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Since the standards only define 12 legacy rates, 32 is certainly
a sane upper limit and we don't need to use u64 everywhere. Add
sanity checking that no more than 32 rates are registered and
change the variables to u32 throughout.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This adds country IE parsing to mac80211 and enables its usage
within the new regulatory infrastructure in cfg80211. We parse
the country IEs only on management beacons for the BSSID you are
associated to and disregard the IEs when the country and environment
(indoor, outdoor, any) matches the already processed country IE.
To avoid following misinformed or outdated APs we build and use
a regulatory domain out of the intersection between what the AP
provides us on the country IE and what CRDA is aware is allowed
on the same country.
A secondary device is allowed to follow only the same country IE
as it make no sense for two devices on a system to be in two
different countries.
In the case the AP is using country IEs for an incorrect country
the user may help compliance further by setting the regulatory
domain before or after the IE is parsed and in that case another
intersection will be performed.
CONFIG_WIRELESS_OLD_REGULATORY is supported but requires CRDA
present.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Acked-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This mutex is wrong, we use cfg80211_drv_mutex (which should
possibly be renamed to just cfg80211_mutex) everywhere except
in one place, fix that and get rid of the extra mutex.
Also get rid of a spurious regulatory_requests list definition.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
If something goes wrong creating the debugfs dir or when
debugfs is not compiled in, the current code might lead to
trouble; make it more robust.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Removed duplicated include <linux/list.h> in
net/wireless/core.c.
Signed-off-by: Huang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
There are two improvements in this simple patch:
1. wiphy_counter is a static var only used in one function, so
can use local static instead of global static;
2. wiphy_counter wrap handling killed one comparision;
Signed-off-by: Denis ChengRq <crquan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This patch makes cfg80211 show the interface in the nl80211
information about a specific interface. API users are required
to keep the type updated (everything else is fairly complicated)
but you will get a warning if you fail to keep it updated.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
The recent code from Luis is an #ifdef hell and contains lots of
code that's stuffed into the wrong file making a whole bunch of
things needlessly non-static, and besides, what is it doing in
core.c??
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
When Luis added the static regdomains back he used +/-20
of the centre frequencies to account for 40MHz bandwidth
neglecting the fact that 40MHz bandwidth cannot be used
on the channels close to the allowed band edges.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This adds the new wireless regulatory infrastructure. The
main motiviation behind this was to centralize regulatory
code as each driver was implementing their own regulatory solution,
and to replace the initial centralized code we have where:
* only 3 regulatory domains are supported: US, JP and EU
* regulatory domains can only be changed through module parameter
* all rules were built statically in the kernel
We now have support for regulatory domains for many countries
and regulatory domains are now queried through a userspace agent
through udev allowing distributions to update regulatory rules
without updating the kernel.
Each driver can regulatory_hint() a regulatory domain
based on either their EEPROM mapped regulatory domain value to a
respective ISO/IEC 3166-1 country code or pass an internally built
regulatory domain. We also add support to let the user set the
regulatory domain through userspace in case of faulty EEPROMs to
further help compliance.
Support for world roaming will be added soon for cards capable of
this.
For more information see:
http://wireless.kernel.org/en/developers/Regulatory/CRDA
For now we leave an option to enable the old module parameter,
ieee80211_regdom, and to build the 3 old regdomains statically
(US, JP and EU). This option is CONFIG_WIRELESS_OLD_REGULATORY.
These old static definitions and the module parameter is being
scheduled for removal for 2.6.29. Note that if you use this
you won't make use of a world regulatory domain as its pointless.
If you leave this option enabled and if CRDA is present and you
use US or JP we will try to ask CRDA to update us a regulatory
domain for us.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
It is obviously good for userspace to know up front which
interface modes a given piece of hardware might support (even
if adding such an interface might fail later because of
concurrency issues), so let's make cfg80211 aware of that.
For good measure, disallow adding interfaces in all other
modes so drivers don't forget to announce support for one mode
when they add it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Blackheath <tramp.enshrine.stephen@blacksapphire.com>
Signed-off-by: Ivo van Doorn <IvDoorn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
device_rename only performs useful and race free validity
checking at the optional sysfs level so depending on it
for all of the validity checking in cfg80211_dev_rename
is racy.
Instead implement all of the needed validity checking
and locking in cfg80211_dev_rename.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This patch creates new cfg80211 wiphy API for channel and bitrate
registration and converts mac80211 and drivers to the new API. The
old mac80211 API is completely ripped out. All drivers (except ath5k)
are updated to the new API, in many cases I expect that optimisations
can be done.
Along with the regulatory code I've also ripped out the
IEEE80211_HW_DEFAULT_REG_DOMAIN_CONFIGURED flag, I believe it to be
unnecessary if the hardware simply gives us whatever channels it wants
to support and we then enable/disable them as required, which is pretty
much required for travelling.
Additionally, the patch adds proper "basic" rate handling for STA
mode interface, AP mode interface will have to have new API added
to allow userspace to set the basic rate set, currently it'll be
empty... However, the basic rate handling will need to be moved to
the BSS conf stuff.
I do expect there to be bugs in this, especially wrt. transmit
power handling where I'm basically clueless about how it should work.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This introduces key handling to cfg80211/nl80211. Default
and group keys can be added, changed and removed; sequence
counters for each key can be retrieved.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When cfg80211 is built into the kernel it needs to init earlier
so that device registrations are run after it has initialised.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
This patch clarifies the comment about locking in wiphy_unregister.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch fixes the locking in wiphy new. Ingo Oeser
<netdev@axxeo.de> noticed that locking in the error case was wrong and
also suggested this fix.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch creates the core cfg80211 code along with some sysfs bits.
This is a stripped down version to allow mac80211 to function, but
doesn't include any configuration yet except for creating and removing
virtual interfaces.
This patch includes the nl80211 header file but it only contains the
interface types which the cfg80211 interface for creating virtual
interfaces relies on.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
John W. Linville