If node_load[] is cleared everytime build_zonelists() is
called,node_load[] will have no help to find the next node that should
appear in the given node's fallback list.
Because of the bug, zonelist's node_order is not calculated as expected.
This bug affects on big machine, which has asynmetric node distance.
[synmetric NUMA's node distance]
0 1 2
0 10 12 12
1 12 10 12
2 12 12 10
[asynmetric NUMA's node distance]
0 1 2
0 10 12 20
1 12 10 14
2 20 14 10
This (my bug) is very old but no one has reported this for a long time.
Maybe because the number of asynmetric NUMA is very small and they use
cpuset for customizing node memory allocation fallback.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_NUMA=n build]
Signed-off-by: Bo Liu <bo-liu@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
According to the POSIX (1003.1-2008), the file descriptor shall have been
opened with read permission, regardless of the protection options specified to
mmap(). The ltp test cases mmap06/07 need this.
Signed-off-by: Graff Yang <graff.yang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The commit 2ff05b2b (oom: move oom_adj value) moveed the oom_adj value to
the mm_struct. It was a very good first step for sanitize OOM.
However Paul Menage reported the commit makes regression to his job
scheduler. Current OOM logic can kill OOM_DISABLED process.
Why? His program has the code of similar to the following.
...
set_oom_adj(OOM_DISABLE); /* The job scheduler never killed by oom */
...
if (vfork() == 0) {
set_oom_adj(0); /* Invoked child can be killed */
execve("foo-bar-cmd");
}
....
vfork() parent and child are shared the same mm_struct. then above
set_oom_adj(0) doesn't only change oom_adj for vfork() child, it's also
change oom_adj for vfork() parent. Then, vfork() parent (job scheduler)
lost OOM immune and it was killed.
Actually, fork-setting-exec idiom is very frequently used in userland program.
We must not break this assumption.
Then, this patch revert commit 2ff05b2b and related commit.
Reverted commit list
---------------------
- commit 2ff05b2b4e (oom: move oom_adj value from task_struct to mm_struct)
- commit 4d8b9135c3 (oom: avoid unnecessary mm locking and scanning for OOM_DISABLE)
- commit 8123681022 (oom: only oom kill exiting tasks with attached memory)
- commit 933b787b57 (mm: copy over oom_adj value at fork time)
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLUB does not support writes to /proc/slabinfo so there should not be write
permission to do that either.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Currently SELinux enforcement of controls on the ability to map low memory
is determined by the mmap_min_addr tunable. This patch causes SELinux to
ignore the tunable and instead use a seperate Kconfig option specific to how
much space the LSM should protect.
The tunable will now only control the need for CAP_SYS_RAWIO and SELinux
permissions will always protect the amount of low memory designated by
CONFIG_LSM_MMAP_MIN_ADDR.
This allows users who need to disable the mmap_min_addr controls (usual reason
being they run WINE as a non-root user) to do so and still have SELinux
controls preventing confined domains (like a web server) from being able to
map some area of low memory.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
get_vm_area() only accepts VM_* flags, not GFP_*.
And according to the doc of get_vm_area(), here should be
VM_ALLOC.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
percpu code has been assuming num_possible_cpus() == nr_cpu_ids which
is incorrect if cpu_possible_map contains holes. This causes percpu
code to access beyond allocated memories and vmalloc areas. On a
sparc64 machine with cpus 0 and 2 (u60), this triggers the following
warning or fails boot.
WARNING: at /devel/tj/os/work/mm/vmalloc.c:106 vmap_page_range_noflush+0x1f0/0x240()
Modules linked in:
Call Trace:
[00000000004b17d0] vmap_page_range_noflush+0x1f0/0x240
[00000000004b1840] map_vm_area+0x20/0x60
[00000000004b1950] __vmalloc_area_node+0xd0/0x160
[0000000000593434] deflate_init+0x14/0xe0
[0000000000583b94] __crypto_alloc_tfm+0xd4/0x1e0
[00000000005844f0] crypto_alloc_base+0x50/0xa0
[000000000058b898] alg_test_comp+0x18/0x80
[000000000058dad4] alg_test+0x54/0x180
[000000000058af00] cryptomgr_test+0x40/0x60
[0000000000473098] kthread+0x58/0x80
[000000000042b590] kernel_thread+0x30/0x60
[0000000000472fd0] kthreadd+0xf0/0x160
---[ end trace 429b268a213317ba ]---
This patch fixes generic percpu functions and sparc64
setup_per_cpu_areas() so that they handle sparse cpu_possible_map
properly.
Please note that on x86, cpu_possible_map() doesn't contain holes and
thus num_possible_cpus() == nr_cpu_ids and this patch doesn't cause
any behavior difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
clean up type-casting twice. "size_t" is typedef as "unsigned long" in
64-bit system, and "unsigned int" in 32-bit system, and the intermediate
cast to 'long' is pointless.
Signed-off-by: Figo.zhang <figo1802@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
At first, init_task's mems_allowed is initialized as this.
init_task->mems_allowed == node_state[N_POSSIBLE]
And cpuset's top_cpuset mask is initialized as this
top_cpuset->mems_allowed = node_state[N_HIGH_MEMORY]
Before 2.6.29:
policy's mems_allowed is initialized as this.
1. update tasks->mems_allowed by its cpuset->mems_allowed.
2. policy->mems_allowed = nodes_and(tasks->mems_allowed, user's mask)
Updating task's mems_allowed in reference to top_cpuset's one.
cpuset's mems_allowed is aware of N_HIGH_MEMORY, always.
In 2.6.30: After commit 58568d2a82
("cpuset,mm: update tasks' mems_allowed in time"), policy's mems_allowed
is initialized as this.
1. policy->mems_allowd = nodes_and(task->mems_allowed, user's mask)
Here, if task is in top_cpuset, task->mems_allowed is not updated from
init's one. Assume user excutes command as #numactrl --interleave=all
,....
policy->mems_allowd = nodes_and(N_POSSIBLE, ALL_SET_MASK)
Then, policy's mems_allowd can includes a possible node, which has no pgdat.
MPOL's INTERLEAVE just scans nodemask of task->mems_allowd and access this
directly.
NODE_DATA(nid)->zonelist even if NODE_DATA(nid)==NULL
Then, what's we need is making policy->mems_allowed be aware of
N_HIGH_MEMORY. This patch does that. But to do so, extra nodemask will
be on statck. Because I know cpumask has a new interface of
CPUMASK_ALLOC(), I added it to node.
This patch stands on old behavior. But I feel this fix itself is just a
Band-Aid. But to do fundametal fix, we have to take care of memory
hotplug and it takes time. (task->mems_allowd should be N_HIGH_MEMORY, I
think.)
mpol_set_nodemask() should be aware of N_HIGH_MEMORY and policy's nodemask
should be includes only online nodes.
In old behavior, this is guaranteed by frequent reference to cpuset's
code. Now, most of them are removed and mempolicy has to check it by
itself.
To do check, a few nodemask_t will be used for calculating nodemask. But,
size of nodemask_t can be big and it's not good to allocate them on stack.
Now, cpumask_t has CPUMASK_ALLOC/FREE an easy code for get scratch area.
NODEMASK_ALLOC/FREE shoudl be there.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups & tweaks]
Tested-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kmem_cache_init_late() has been declared in slab.h
CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
kmem_cache->align records the original align parameter value specified
by users. Function calculate_alignment might change it based on cache
line size. So change kmem_cache->align correspondingly.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanmin <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
The page allocator warns once when an order >= MAX_ORDER is specified.
This is to catch callers of the allocator that are always falling back to
their worst-case when it was not expected. However, there are cases where
the caller is behaving correctly but cannot suppress the warning. This
patch allows the warning to be suppressed by the callers by specifying
__GFP_NOWARN.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After commit ec64f51545 ("cgroup: fix
frequent -EBUSY at rmdir"), cgroup's rmdir (especially against memcg)
doesn't return -EBUSY by temporary ref counts. That commit expects all
refs after pre_destroy() is temporary but...it wasn't. Then, rmdir can
wait permanently. This patch tries to fix that and change followings.
- set CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR flag before pre_destroy().
- clear CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR flag when the subsys finds racy case.
if there are sleeping ones, wakes them up.
- rmdir() sleeps only when CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR flag is set.
Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reported-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Sigh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As reported in Red Hat bz #509671, i_blocks for files on hugetlbfs get
accounting wrong when doing something like:
$ > foo
$ date > foo
date: write error: Invalid argument
$ /usr/bin/stat foo
File: `foo'
Size: 0 Blocks: 18446744073709547520 IO Block: 2097152 regular
...
This is because hugetlb_unreserve_pages() is unconditionally removing
blocks_per_huge_page(h) on each call rather than using the freed amount.
If there were 0 blocks, it goes negative, resulting in the above.
This is a regression from commit a551643895
("hugetlb: modular state for hugetlb page size")
which did:
- inode->i_blocks -= BLOCKS_PER_HUGEPAGE * freed;
+ inode->i_blocks -= blocks_per_huge_page(h);
so just put back the freed multiplier, and it's all happy again.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a task is oom killed and still cannot find memory when trying with
no watermarks, it's better to fail the allocation attempt than to loop
endlessly. Direct reclaim has already failed and the oom killer will
be a no-op since current has yet to die, so there is no other
alternative for allocations that are not __GFP_NOFAIL.
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a post-2.6.24 performace regression caused by
3dfa5721f1 ("page-allocator: preserve PFN
ordering when __GFP_COLD is set").
Narayanan reports "The regression is around 15%. There is no disk controller
as our setup is based on Samsung OneNAND used as a memory mapped device on a
OMAP2430 based board."
The page allocator tries to preserve contiguous PFN ordering when returning
pages such that repeated callers to the allocator have a strong chance of
getting physically contiguous pages, particularly when external fragmentation
is low. However, of the bulk of the allocations have __GFP_COLD set as they
are due to aio_read() for example, then the PFNs are in reverse PFN order.
This can cause performance degration when used with IO controllers that could
have merged the requests.
This patch attempts to preserve the contiguous ordering of PFNs for users of
__GFP_COLD.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reported-by: Narayananu Gopalakrishnan <narayanan.g@samsung.com>
Tested-by: Narayanan Gopalakrishnan <narayanan.g@samsung.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Objects passed to kmemleak_seq_next() have an incremented reference
count (hence not freed) but they may point via object_list.next to
other freed objects. To avoid this, the whole start/next/stop sequence
must be protected by rcu_read_lock().
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Create bdgrab(). This function copies an existing reference to a
block_device. It is safe to call from any context.
Hibernation code wishes to copy a reference to the active swap device.
Right now it calls bdget() under a spinlock, but this is wrong because
bdget() can sleep. It doesn't need a full bdget() because we already
hold a reference to active swap devices (and the spinlock protects
against swapoff).
Fixes http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13827
Signed-off-by: Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
This patch moves the masking of debugging flags which increase a cache's
min order due to metadata when `slub_debug=O' is used from
kmem_cache_flags() to kmem_cache_open().
Instead of defining the maximum metadata size increase in a preprocessor
macro, this approach uses the cache's ->size and ->objsize members to
determine if the min order increased due to debugging options. If so,
the flags specified in the more appropriately named DEBUG_METADATA_FLAGS
are masked off.
This approach was suggested by Christoph Lameter
<cl@linux-foundation.org>.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
mm: Pass virtual address to [__]p{te,ud,md}_free_tlb()
Upcoming paches to support the new 64-bit "BookE" powerpc architecture
will need to have the virtual address corresponding to PTE page when
freeing it, due to the way the HW table walker works.
Basically, the TLB can be loaded with "large" pages that cover the whole
virtual space (well, sort-of, half of it actually) represented by a PTE
page, and which contain an "indirect" bit indicating that this TLB entry
RPN points to an array of PTEs from which the TLB can then create direct
entries. Thus, in order to invalidate those when PTE pages are deleted,
we need the virtual address to pass to tlbilx or tlbivax instructions.
The old trick of sticking it somewhere in the PTE page struct page sucks
too much, the address is almost readily available in all call sites and
almost everybody implemets these as macros, so we may as well add the
argument everywhere. I added it to the pmd and pud variants for consistency.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> [MN10300 & FRV]
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> [s390]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'kmemleak' of git://linux-arm.org/linux-2.6:
kmemleak: Remove alloc_bootmem annotations introduced in the past
kmemleak: Add callbacks to the bootmem allocator
kmemleak: Allow partial freeing of memory blocks
kmemleak: Trace the kmalloc_large* functions in slub
kmemleak: Scan objects allocated during a scanning episode
kmemleak: Do not acquire scan_mutex in kmemleak_open()
kmemleak: Remove the reported leaks number limitation
kmemleak: Add more cond_resched() calls in the scanning thread
kmemleak: Renice the scanning thread to +10
Commit 1faa16d228 accidentally broke
the bdi congestion wait queue logic, causing us to wait on congestion
for WRITE (== 1) when we really wanted BLK_RW_ASYNC (== 0) instead.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
When debugging is enabled, slub requires that additional metadata be
stored in slabs for certain options: SLAB_RED_ZONE, SLAB_POISON, and
SLAB_STORE_USER.
Consequently, it may require that the minimum possible slab order needed
to allocate a single object be greater when using these options. The
most notable example is for objects that are PAGE_SIZE bytes in size.
Higher minimum slab orders may cause page allocation failures when oom or
under heavy fragmentation.
This patch adds a new slub_debug option, which disables debugging by
default for caches that would have resulted in higher minimum orders:
slub_debug=O
When this option is used on systems with 4K pages, kmalloc-4096, for
example, will not have debugging enabled by default even if
CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON is defined because it would have resulted in a
order-1 minimum slab order.
Reported-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Tested-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
kmemleak_alloc() calls were added in some places where alloc_bootmem was
called. Since now kmemleak tracks bootmem allocations, these explicit
calls should be run.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
This patch adds kmemleak_alloc/free callbacks to the bootmem allocator.
This would allow scanning of such blocks and help avoiding a whole class
of false positives and more kmemleak annotations.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Functions like free_bootmem() are allowed to free only part of a memory
block. This patch adds support for this via the kmemleak_free_part()
callback which removes the original object and creates one or two
additional objects as a result of the memory block split.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
The kmalloc_large() and kmalloc_large_node() functions were missed when
adding the kmemleak hooks to the slub allocator. However, they should be
traced to avoid false positives.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Many of the false positives in kmemleak happen on busy systems where
objects are allocated during a kmemleak scanning episode. These objects
aren't scanned by default until the next memory scan. When such object
is added, for example, at the head of a list, it is possible that all
the other objects in the list become unreferenced until the next scan.
This patch adds checking for newly allocated objects at the end of the
scan and repeats the scanning on these objects. If Linux allocates
new objects at a higher rate than their scanning, it stops after a
predefined number of passes.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Initially, the scan_mutex was acquired in kmemleak_open() and released
in kmemleak_release() (corresponding to /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
operations). This was causing some lockdep reports when the file was
closed from a different task than the one opening it. This patch moves
the scan_mutex acquiring in kmemleak_write() or kmemleak_seq_start()
with releasing in kmemleak_seq_stop().
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Since the leaks are no longer printed to the syslog, there is no point
in keeping this limitation. All the suspected leaks are shown on
/sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak file.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Following recent fix to no longer reschedule in the scan_block()
function, the system may become unresponsive with !PREEMPT. This patch
re-adds the cond_resched() call to scan_block() but conditioned by the
allow_resched parameter.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6:
SLAB: Fix lockdep annotations
fix RCU-callback-after-kmem_cache_destroy problem in sl[aou]b
These warnings were observed on MIPS32 using 2.6.31-rc1 and gcc-4.2.0:
mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'alloc_pages_exact':
mm/page_alloc.c:1986: warning: passing argument 1 of 'virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast
drivers/usb/mon/mon_bin.c: In function 'mon_alloc_buff':
drivers/usb/mon/mon_bin.c:1264: warning: passing argument 1 of 'virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix kernel/perf_counter.c too]
Signed-off-by: Kevin Cernekee <cernekee@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In testing a backport of the write_begin/write_end AOPs, a 10% re-read
regression was noticed when running iozone. This regression was
introduced because the old AOPs would always do a mark_page_accessed(page)
after the commit_write, but when the new AOPs where introduced, the only
place this was kept was in pagecache_write_end().
This patch does the same thing in the generic case as what is done in
pagecache_write_end(), which is just to mark the page accessed before we
do write_end().
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lethal/sh-2.6:
sh: LCDC dcache flush for deferred io
sh: Fix compiler error and include the definition of IS_ERR_VALUE
sh: re-add LCDC fbdev support to the Migo-R defconfig
sh: fix se7724 ceu names
sh: ms7724se: Enable sh_eth in defconfig.
arch/sh/boards/mach-se/7206/io.c: Remove unnecessary semicolons
sh: ms7724se: Add sh_eth support
nommu: provide follow_pfn().
sh: Kill off unused DEBUG_BOOTMEM symbol.
perf_counter tools: add cpu_relax()/rmb() definitions for sh.
sh64: Hook up page fault events for software perf counters.
sh: Hook up page fault events for software perf counters.
sh: make set_perf_counter_pending() static inline.
clocksource: sh_tmu: Make undefined TCOR behaviour less undefined.
One of the kmemleak changes caused the following
scheduling-while-holding-the-tasklist-lock regression on x86:
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at mm/kmemleak.c:795
in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, pid: 1737, name: kmemleak
2 locks held by kmemleak/1737:
#0: (scan_mutex){......}, at: [<c10c4376>] kmemleak_scan_thread+0x45/0x86
#1: (tasklist_lock){......}, at: [<c10c3bb4>] kmemleak_scan+0x1a9/0x39c
Pid: 1737, comm: kmemleak Not tainted 2.6.31-rc1-tip #59266
Call Trace:
[<c105ac0f>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x1e/0x20
[<c102e490>] __might_sleep+0x10a/0x111
[<c10c38d5>] scan_yield+0x17/0x3b
[<c10c3970>] scan_block+0x39/0xd4
[<c10c3bc6>] kmemleak_scan+0x1bb/0x39c
[<c10c4331>] ? kmemleak_scan_thread+0x0/0x86
[<c10c437b>] kmemleak_scan_thread+0x4a/0x86
[<c104d73e>] kthread+0x6e/0x73
[<c104d6d0>] ? kthread+0x0/0x73
[<c100959f>] kernel_thread_helper+0x7/0x10
kmemleak: 834 new suspected memory leaks (see /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak)
The bit causing it is highly dubious:
static void scan_yield(void)
{
might_sleep();
if (time_is_before_eq_jiffies(next_scan_yield)) {
schedule();
next_scan_yield = jiffies + jiffies_scan_yield;
}
}
It called deep inside the codepath and in a conditional way,
and that is what crapped up when one of the new scan_block()
uses grew a tasklist_lock dependency.
This minimal patch removes that yielding stuff and adds the
proper cond_resched().
The background scanning thread could probably also be reniced
to +10.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'kmemleak' of git://linux-arm.org/linux-2.6:
kmemleak: Inform kmemleak about pid_hash
kmemleak: Do not warn if an unknown object is freed
kmemleak: Do not report new leaked objects if the scanning was stopped
kmemleak: Slightly change the policy on newly allocated objects
kmemleak: Do not trigger a scan when reading the debug/kmemleak file
kmemleak: Simplify the reports logged by the scanning thread
kmemleak: Enable task stacks scanning by default
kmemleak: Allow the early log buffer to be configurable.
Nathan reported that
| commit 73d60b7f74
| Author: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
| Date: Tue Jun 16 15:33:00 2009 -0700
|
| page-allocator: clear N_HIGH_MEMORY map before we set it again
|
| SRAT tables may contains nodes of very small size. The arch code may
| decide to not activate such a node. However, currently the early boot
| code sets N_HIGH_MEMORY for such nodes. These nodes therefore seem to be
| active although these nodes have no present pages.
|
| For 64bit N_HIGH_MEMORY == N_NORMAL_MEMORY, so that works for 64 bit too
unintentionally and incorrectly clears the cpuset.mems cgroup attribute on
an i386 kvm guest, meaning that cpuset.mems can not be used.
Fix this by only clearing node_states[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] for 64bit only.
and need to do save/restore for that in find_zone_movable_pfn
Reported-by: Nathan Lynch <ntl@pobox.com>
Tested-by: Nathan Lynch <ntl@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>,
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
balance_dirty_pages can overreact and move all of the dirty pages to
writeback unnecessarily.
balance_dirty_pages makes its decision to throttle based on the number of
dirty plus writeback pages that are over the calculated limit,so it will
continue to move pages even when there are plenty of pages in writeback
and less than the threshold still dirty.
This allows it to overshoot its limits and move all the dirty pages to
writeback while waiting for the drives to catch up and empty the writeback
list.
A simple fio test easily demonstrates this problem.
fio --name=f1 --directory=/disk1 --size=2G -rw=write --name=f2 --directory=/disk2 --size=1G --rw=write --startdelay=10
This is the simplest fix I could find, but I'm not entirely sure that it
alone will be enough for all cases. But it certainly is an improvement on
my desktop machine writing to 2 disks.
Do we need something more for machines with large arrays where
bdi_threshold * number_of_drives is greater than the dirty_ratio ?
Signed-off-by: Richard Kennedy <richard@rsk.demon.co.uk>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
show_pools() walks the page_list of a pool w/o protection against the list
modifications in alloc/free. Take pool->lock to avoid stomping into
nirvana.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vmap'ed memory blocks are not tracked by kmemleak (yet) but they may be
released with vfree() which is tracked. The corresponding kmemleak
warning is only enabled in debug mode. Future patch will add support for
ioremap and vmap.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
If the scanning was stopped with a signal, it is possible that some
objects are left with a white colour (potential leaks) and reported. Add
a check to avoid reporting such objects.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, delay: tsc based udelay should have rdtsc_barrier
x86, setup: correct include file in <asm/boot.h>
x86, setup: Fix typo "CONFIG_x86_64" in <asm/boot.h>
x86, mce: percpu mcheck_timer should be pinned
x86: Add sysctl to allow panic on IOCK NMI error
x86: Fix uv bau sending buffer initialization
x86, mce: Fix mce resume on 32bit
x86: Move init_gbpages() to setup_arch()
x86: ensure percpu lpage doesn't consume too much vmalloc space
x86: implement percpu_alloc kernel parameter
x86: fix pageattr handling for lpage percpu allocator and re-enable it
x86: reorganize cpa_process_alias()
x86: prepare setup_pcpu_lpage() for pageattr fix
x86: rename remap percpu first chunk allocator to lpage
x86: fix duplicate free in setup_pcpu_remap() failure path
percpu: fix too lazy vunmap cache flushing
x86: Set cpu_llc_id on AMD CPUs
Newly allocated objects are more likely to be reported as false
positives. Kmemleak ignores the reporting of objects younger than 5
seconds. However, this age was calculated after the memory scanning
completed which usually takes longer than 5 seconds. This patch
make the minimum object age calculation in relation to the start of the
memory scanning.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Since there is a kernel thread for automatically scanning the memory, it
makes sense for the debug/kmemleak file to only show its findings. This
patch also adds support for "echo scan > debug/kmemleak" to trigger an
intermediate memory scan and eliminates the kmemleak_mutex (scan_mutex
covers all the cases now).
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Because of false positives, the memory scanning thread may print too
much information. This patch changes the scanning thread to only print
the number of newly suspected leaks. Further information can be read
from the /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak file.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Jesper noted that kmem_cache_destroy() invokes synchronize_rcu() rather than
rcu_barrier() in the SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU case, which could result in RCU
callbacks accessing a kmem_cache after it had been destroyed.
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Reported-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk@comx.dk>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
With the introduction of follow_pfn() as an exported symbol, modules have
begun making use of it. Unfortunately this was not reflected on nommu at
the time, so the in-tree users have subsequently all blown up with link
errors there.
This provides a simple follow_pfn() that just returns addr >> PAGE_SHIFT,
which will do the right thing on nommu. There is no need to do range
checking within the vma, as the find_vma() case will already take care of
this.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Currently the 4th parameter of get_user_pages() is called len, but its
in pages, not bytes. Rename the thing to nr_pages to avoid future
confusion.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
(feature suggested by Sergey Senozhatsky)
Kmemleak needs to track all the memory allocations but some of these
happen before kmemleak is initialised. These are stored in an internal
buffer which may be exceeded in some kernel configurations. This patch
adds a configuration option with a default value of 400 and also removes
the stack dump when the early log buffer is exceeded.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@mail.by>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6:
another race fix in jfs_check_acl()
Get "no acls for this inode" right, fix shmem breakage
inline functions left without protection of ifdef (acl)
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/audit-current:
audit: inode watches depend on CONFIG_AUDIT not CONFIG_AUDIT_SYSCALL
SLUB uses higher order allocations by default but falls back to small
orders under memory pressure. Make sure the GFP mask used in the initial
allocation doesn't include __GFP_NOFAIL.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Traditionally, we never failed small orders (even regardless of any
__GFP_NOFAIL flags), and slab will allocate order-1 allocations even for
small allocations that could fit in a single page (in order to avoid
excessive fragmentation).
Maybe we should remove this warning entirely, but before making that
judgement, at least limit it to bigger allocations.
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After downing/upping a cpu, an attempt to set
/proc/sys/vm/percpu_pagelist_fraction results in an oops in
percpu_pagelist_fraction_sysctl_handler().
If a processor is downed then we need to set the pageset pointer back to
the boot pageset.
Updates of the high water marks should not access pagesets of unpopulated
zones (those pointer go to the boot pagesets which would be no longer
functional if their size would be increased beyond zero).
Signed-off-by: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a kthread happens to use get_user_pages() on an mm (as KSM does),
there's a chance that it will end up trying to read in a swap page, then
oops in grab_swap_token() because the kthread has no mm: GUP passes down
the right mm, so grab_swap_token() ought to be using it.
We have not identified a stronger case than KSM's daemon (not yet in
mainline), but the issue must have come up before, since RHEL has included
a fix for this for years (though a different fix, they just back out of
grab_swap_token if current->mm is unset: which is what we first proposed,
but using the right mm here seems more correct).
Reported-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Indeed FOLL_WRITE matches FAULT_FLAG_WRITE, matches GUP_FLAGS_WRITE,
and it's tempting to devise a set of Grand Unified Paging flags;
but not today. So until then, let's rely upon the compiler to spot
the coincidence, "rather than have that subtle dependency and a
comment for it" - as you remarked in another context yesterday.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
handle_mm_fault() is now passing fault flags rather than write_access
down to hugetlb_fault(), so better recognize that in hugetlb_fault(),
and in hugetlb_no_page().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The isolated page is "cursor_page" not "page".
This could cause LRU list corruption under memory pressure, caught by
CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
According to Andi, it isn't clear whether lpage allocator is worth the
trouble as there are many processors where PMD TLB is far scarcer than
PTE TLB. The advantage or disadvantage probably depends on the actual
size of percpu area and specific processor. As performance
degradation due to TLB pressure tends to be highly workload specific
and subtle, it is difficult to decide which way to go without more
data.
This patch implements percpu_alloc kernel parameter to allow selecting
which first chunk allocator to use to ease debugging and testing.
While at it, make sure all the failure paths report why something
failed to help determining why certain allocator isn't working. Also,
kill the "Great future plan" comment which had already been realized
quite some time ago.
[ Impact: allow explicit percpu first chunk allocator selection ]
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In pcpu_unmap(), flushing virtual cache on vunmap can't be delayed as
the page is going to be returned to the page allocator. Only TLB
flushing can be put off such that vmalloc code can handle it lazily.
Fix it.
[ Impact: fix subtle virtual cache flush bug ]
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This allows the callers to now pass down the full set of FAULT_FLAG_xyz
flags to handle_mm_fault(). All callers have been (mechanically)
converted to the new calling convention, there's almost certainly room
for architectures to clean up their code and then add FAULT_FLAG_RETRY
when that support is added.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The fault handling routines really want more fine-grained flags than a
single "was it a write fault" boolean - the callers will want to set
flags like "you can return a retry error" etc.
And that's actually how the VM works internally, but right now the
top-level fault handling functions in mm/memory.c all pass just the
'write_access' boolean around.
This switches them over to pass around the FAULT_FLAG_xyzzy 'flags'
variable instead. The 'write_access' calling convention still exists
for the exported 'handle_mm_fault()' function, but that is next.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
da456f1 "page allocator: do not disable interrupts in free_page_mlock()" moved
the PG_mlocked clearing after the flag sanity checking which makes mlocked
pages always trigger 'bad page'. Fix this by clearing the bit up front.
Reported--and-debugged-by: Peter Chubb <peter.chubb@nicta.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Tested-by: Maxim Levitsky <maximlevitsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The page allocator also needs the masking of gfp flags during boot,
so this moves it out of slab/slub and uses it with the page allocator
as well.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Try to fix memcg's lru rotation sanity: make memcg use the same logic as
the global LRU does.
Now, at __isolate_lru_page() retruns -EBUSY, the page is rotated to the
tail of LRU in global LRU's isolate LRU pages. But in memcg, it's not
handled. This makes memcg do the same behavior as global LRU and rotate
LRU in the page is busy.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A user can set memcg.limit_in_bytes == memcg.memsw.limit_in_bytes when the
user just want to limit the total size of applications, in other words,
not very interested in memory usage itself. In this case, swap-out will
be done only by global-LRU.
But, under current implementation, memory.limit_in_bytes is checked at
first and try_to_free_page() may do swap-out. But, that swap-out is
useless for memsw.limit_in_bytes and the thread may hit limit again.
This patch tries to fix the current behavior at memory.limit ==
memsw.limit case. And documentation is updated to explain the behavior of
this special case.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch fixes mis-accounting of swap usage in memcg.
In the current implementation, memcg's swap account is uncharged only when
swap is completely freed. But there are several cases where swap cannot
be freed cleanly. For handling that, this patch changes that memcg
uncharges swap account when swap has no references other than cache.
By this, memcg's swap entry accounting can be fully synchronous with the
application's behavior.
This patch also changes memcg's hooks for swap-out.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't need to check do_swap_account in the case that the function which
checks do_swap_account will never get called if do_swap_account == 0.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add file RSS tracking per memory cgroup
We currently don't track file RSS, the RSS we report is actually anon RSS.
All the file mapped pages, come in through the page cache and get
accounted there. This patch adds support for accounting file RSS pages.
It should
1. Help improve the metrics reported by the memory resource controller
2. Will form the basis for a future shared memory accounting heuristic
that has been proposed by Kamezawa.
Unfortunately, we cannot rename the existing "rss" keyword used in
memory.stat to "anon_rss". We however, add "mapped_file" data and hope to
educate the end user through documentation.
[hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk: fix mem_cgroup_update_mapped_file_stat oops]
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.cn>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix some cgroup messages to read better.
Update MAINTAINERS to include mm/*cgroup* files.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'kmemleak' of git://linux-arm.org/linux-2.6:
kmemleak: Fix some typos in comments
kmemleak: Rename kmemleak_panic to kmemleak_stop
kmemleak: Only use GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ATOMIC for the internal allocations
This is to avoid the confusion created by the "panic" word.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Kmemleak allocates memory for pointer tracking and it tries to avoid
using GFP_ATOMIC if the caller doesn't require it. However other gfp
flags may be passed by the caller which aren't required by kmemleak.
This patch filters the gfp flags so that only GFP_KERNEL | GFP_ATOMIC
are used.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
* akpm: (182 commits)
fbdev: bf54x-lq043fb: use kzalloc over kmalloc/memset
fbdev: *bfin*: fix __dev{init,exit} markings
fbdev: *bfin*: drop unnecessary calls to memset
fbdev: bfin-t350mcqb-fb: drop unused local variables
fbdev: blackfin has __raw I/O accessors, so use them in fb.h
fbdev: s1d13xxxfb: add accelerated bitblt functions
tcx: use standard fields for framebuffer physical address and length
fbdev: add support for handoff from firmware to hw framebuffers
intelfb: fix a bug when changing video timing
fbdev: use framebuffer_release() for freeing fb_info structures
radeon: P2G2CLK_ALWAYS_ONb tested twice, should 2nd be P2G2CLK_DAC_ALWAYS_ONb?
s3c-fb: CPUFREQ frequency scaling support
s3c-fb: fix resource releasing on error during probing
carminefb: fix possible access beyond end of carmine_modedb[]
acornfb: remove fb_mmap function
mb862xxfb: use CONFIG_OF instead of CONFIG_PPC_OF
mb862xxfb: restrict compliation of platform driver to PPC
Samsung SoC Framebuffer driver: add Alpha Channel support
atmel-lcdc: fix pixclock upper bound detection
offb: use framebuffer_alloc() to allocate fb_info struct
...
Manually fix up conflicts due to kmemcheck in mm/slab.c
At lumpy reclaim, a page failed to be taken by __isolate_lru_page() can be
pushed back to "src" list by list_move(). But the page may not be from
"src" list. This pushes the page back to wrong LRU. And list_move()
itself is unnecessary because the page is not on top of LRU. Then, leave
it as it is if __isolate_lru_page() fails.
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On NUMA machines, the administrator can configure zone_reclaim_mode that
is a more targetted form of direct reclaim. On machines with large NUMA
distances for example, a zone_reclaim_mode defaults to 1 meaning that
clean unmapped pages will be reclaimed if the zone watermarks are not
being met.
There is a heuristic that determines if the scan is worthwhile but it is
possible that the heuristic will fail and the CPU gets tied up scanning
uselessly. Detecting the situation requires some guesswork and
experimentation so this patch adds a counter "zreclaim_failed" to
/proc/vmstat. If during high CPU utilisation this counter is increasing
rapidly, then the resolution to the problem may be to set
/proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode to 0.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: name things consistently]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On NUMA machines, the administrator can configure zone_reclaim_mode that
is a more targetted form of direct reclaim. On machines with large NUMA
distances for example, a zone_reclaim_mode defaults to 1 meaning that
clean unmapped pages will be reclaimed if the zone watermarks are not
being met. The problem is that zone_reclaim() failing at all means the
zone gets marked full.
This can cause situations where a zone is usable, but is being skipped
because it has been considered full. Take a situation where a large tmpfs
mount is occuping a large percentage of memory overall. The pages do not
get cleaned or reclaimed by zone_reclaim(), but the zone gets marked full
and the zonelist cache considers them not worth trying in the future.
This patch makes zone_reclaim() return more fine-grained information about
what occured when zone_reclaim() failued. The zone only gets marked full
if it really is unreclaimable. If it's a case that the scan did not occur
or if enough pages were not reclaimed with the limited reclaim_mode, then
the zone is simply skipped.
There is a side-effect to this patch. Currently, if zone_reclaim()
successfully reclaimed SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, an allocation attempt would go
ahead. With this patch applied, zone watermarks are rechecked after
zone_reclaim() does some work.
This bug was introduced by commit 9276b1bc96
("memory page_alloc zonelist caching speedup") way back in 2.6.19 when the
zonelist_cache was introduced. It was not intended that zone_reclaim()
aggressively consider the zone to be full when it failed as full direct
reclaim can still be an option. Due to the age of the bug, it should be
considered a -stable candidate.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A bug was brought to my attention against a distro kernel but it affects
mainline and I believe problems like this have been reported in various
guises on the mailing lists although I don't have specific examples at the
moment.
The reported problem was that malloc() stalled for a long time (minutes in
some cases) if a large tmpfs mount was occupying a large percentage of
memory overall. The pages did not get cleaned or reclaimed by
zone_reclaim() because the zone_reclaim_mode was unsuitable, but the lists
are uselessly scanned frequencly making the CPU spin at near 100%.
This patchset intends to address that bug and bring the behaviour of
zone_reclaim() more in line with expectations which were noticed during
investigation. It is based on top of mmotm and takes advantage of
Kosaki's work with respect to zone_reclaim().
Patch 1 fixes the heuristics that zone_reclaim() uses to determine if the
scan should go ahead. The broken heuristic is what was causing the
malloc() stall as it uselessly scanned the LRU constantly. Currently,
zone_reclaim is assuming zone_reclaim_mode is 1 and historically it
could not deal with tmpfs pages at all. This fixes up the heuristic so
that an unnecessary scan is more likely to be correctly avoided.
Patch 2 notes that zone_reclaim() returning a failure automatically means
the zone is marked full. This is not always true. It could have
failed because the GFP mask or zone_reclaim_mode were unsuitable.
Patch 3 introduces a counter zreclaim_failed that will increment each
time the zone_reclaim scan-avoidance heuristics fail. If that
counter is rapidly increasing, then zone_reclaim_mode should be
set to 0 as a temporarily resolution and a bug reported because
the scan-avoidance heuristic is still broken.
This patch:
On NUMA machines, the administrator can configure zone_reclaim_mode that
is a more targetted form of direct reclaim. On machines with large NUMA
distances for example, a zone_reclaim_mode defaults to 1 meaning that
clean unmapped pages will be reclaimed if the zone watermarks are not
being met.
There is a heuristic that determines if the scan is worthwhile but the
problem is that the heuristic is not being properly applied and is
basically assuming zone_reclaim_mode is 1 if it is enabled. The lack of
proper detection can manfiest as high CPU usage as the LRU list is scanned
uselessly.
Historically, once enabled it was depending on NR_FILE_PAGES which may
include swapcache pages that the reclaim_mode cannot deal with. Patch
vmscan-change-the-number-of-the-unmapped-files-in-zone-reclaim.patch by
Kosaki Motohiro noted that zone_page_state(zone, NR_FILE_PAGES) included
pages that were not file-backed such as swapcache and made a calculation
based on the inactive, active and mapped files. This is far superior when
zone_reclaim==1 but if RECLAIM_SWAP is set, then NR_FILE_PAGES is a
reasonable starting figure.
This patch alters how zone_reclaim() works out how many pages it might be
able to reclaim given the current reclaim_mode. If RECLAIM_SWAP is set in
the reclaim_mode it will either consider NR_FILE_PAGES as potential
candidates or else use NR_{IN}ACTIVE}_PAGES-NR_FILE_MAPPED to discount
swapcache and other non-file-backed pages. If RECLAIM_WRITE is not set,
then NR_FILE_DIRTY number of pages are not candidates. If RECLAIM_SWAP is
not set, then NR_FILE_MAPPED are not.
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: Estimate unmapped pages minus tmpfs pages]
[fengguang.wu@intel.com: Fix underflow problem in Kosaki's estimate]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a task is chosen for oom kill and is found to be PF_EXITING,
__oom_kill_task() is called to elevate the task's timeslice and give it
access to memory reserves so that it may quickly exit.
This privilege is unnecessary, however, if the task has already detached
its mm. Although its possible for the mm to become detached later since
task_lock() is not held, __oom_kill_task() will simply be a no-op in such
circumstances.
Subsequently, it is no longer necessary to warn about killing mm-less
tasks since it is a no-op.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 2e2e425989 ("vmscan,memcg:
reintroduce sc->may_swap) add may_swap flag and handle it at
get_scan_ratio().
But the result of get_scan_ratio() is ignored when priority == 0, so anon
lru is scanned even if may_swap == 0 or nr_swap_pages == 0. IMHO, this is
not an expected behavior.
As for memcg especially, because of this behavior many and many pages are
swapped-out just in vain when oom is invoked by mem+swap limit.
This patch is for handling may_swap flag more strictly.
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The "move pages to active list" and "move pages to inactive list" code
blocks are mostly identical and can be served by a function.
Thanks to Andrew Morton for pointing this out.
Note that buffer_heads_over_limit check will also be carried out for
re-activated pages, which is slightly different from pre-2.6.28 kernels.
Also, Rik's "vmscan: evict use-once pages first" patch could totally stop
scans of active file list when memory pressure is low. So the net effect
could be, the number of buffer heads is now more likely to grow large.
However that's fine according to Johannes' comments:
I don't think that this could be harmful. We just preserve the buffer
mappings of what we consider the working set and with low memory
pressure, as you say, this set is not big.
As to stripping of reactivated pages: the only pages we re-activate
for now are those VM_EXEC mapped ones. Since we don't expect IO from
or to these pages, removing the buffer mappings in case they grow too
large should be okay, I guess.
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Protect referenced PROT_EXEC mapped pages from being deactivated.
PROT_EXEC(or its internal presentation VM_EXEC) pages normally belong to some
currently running executables and their linked libraries, they shall really be
cached aggressively to provide good user experiences.
Thanks to Johannes Weiner for the advice to reuse the VMA walk in
page_referenced() to get the PROT_EXEC bit.
[more details]
( The consequences of this patch will have to be discussed together with
Rik van Riel's recent patch "vmscan: evict use-once pages first". )
( Some of the good points and insights are taken into this changelog.
Thanks to all the involved people for the great LKML discussions. )
the problem
===========
For a typical desktop, the most precious working set is composed of
*actively accessed*
(1) memory mapped executables
(2) and their anonymous pages
(3) and other files
(4) and the dcache/icache/.. slabs
while the least important data are
(5) infrequently used or use-once files
For a typical desktop, one major problem is busty and large amount of (5)
use-once files flushing out the working set.
Inside the working set, (4) dcache/icache have already been too sticky ;-)
So we only have to care (2) anonymous and (1)(3) file pages.
anonymous pages
===============
Anonymous pages are effectively immune to the streaming IO attack, because we
now have separate file/anon LRU lists. When the use-once files crowd into the
file LRU, the list's "quality" is significantly lowered. Therefore the scan
balance policy in get_scan_ratio() will choose to scan the (low quality) file
LRU much more frequently than the anon LRU.
file pages
==========
Rik proposed to *not* scan the active file LRU when the inactive list grows
larger than active list. This guarantees that when there are use-once streaming
IO, and the working set is not too large(so that active_size < inactive_size),
the active file LRU will *not* be scanned at all. So the not-too-large working
set can be well protected.
But there are also situations where the file working set is a bit large so that
(active_size >= inactive_size), or the streaming IOs are not purely use-once.
In these cases, the active list will be scanned slowly. Because the current
shrink_active_list() policy is to deactivate active pages regardless of their
referenced bits. The deactivated pages become susceptible to the streaming IO
attack: the inactive list could be scanned fast (500MB / 50MBps = 10s) so that
the deactivated pages don't have enough time to get re-referenced. Because a
user tend to switch between windows in intervals from seconds to minutes.
This patch holds mapped executable pages in the active list as long as they
are referenced during each full scan of the active list. Because the active
list is normally scanned much slower, they get longer grace time (eg. 100s)
for further references, which better matches the pace of user operations.
Therefore this patch greatly prolongs the in-cache time of executable code,
when there are moderate memory pressures.
before patch: guaranteed to be cached if reference intervals < I
after patch: guaranteed to be cached if reference intervals < I+A
(except when randomly reclaimed by the lumpy reclaim)
where
A = time to fully scan the active file LRU
I = time to fully scan the inactive file LRU
Note that normally A >> I.
side effects
============
This patch is safe in general, it restores the pre-2.6.28 mmap() behavior
but in a much smaller and well targeted scope.
One may worry about some one to abuse the PROT_EXEC heuristic. But as
Andrew Morton stated, there are other tricks to getting that sort of boost.
Another concern is the PROT_EXEC mapped pages growing large in rare cases,
and therefore hurting reclaim efficiency. But a sane application targeted for
large audience will never use PROT_EXEC for data mappings. If some home made
application tries to abuse that bit, it shall be aware of the consequences.
If it is abused to scale of 2/3 total memory, it gains nothing but overheads.
benchmarks
==========
1) memory tight desktop
1.1) brief summary
- clock time and major faults are reduced by 50%;
- pswpin numbers are reduced to ~1/3.
That means X desktop responsiveness is doubled under high memory/swap pressure.
1.2) test scenario
- nfsroot gnome desktop with 512M physical memory
- run some programs, and switch between the existing windows
after starting each new program.
1.3) progress timing (seconds)
before after programs
0.02 0.02 N xeyes
0.75 0.76 N firefox
2.02 1.88 N nautilus
3.36 3.17 N nautilus --browser
5.26 4.89 N gthumb
7.12 6.47 N gedit
9.22 8.16 N xpdf /usr/share/doc/shared-mime-info/shared-mime-info-spec.pdf
13.58 12.55 N xterm
15.87 14.57 N mlterm
18.63 17.06 N gnome-terminal
21.16 18.90 N urxvt
26.24 23.48 N gnome-system-monitor
28.72 26.52 N gnome-help
32.15 29.65 N gnome-dictionary
39.66 36.12 N /usr/games/sol
43.16 39.27 N /usr/games/gnometris
48.65 42.56 N /usr/games/gnect
53.31 47.03 N /usr/games/gtali
58.60 52.05 N /usr/games/iagno
65.77 55.42 N /usr/games/gnotravex
70.76 61.47 N /usr/games/mahjongg
76.15 67.11 N /usr/games/gnome-sudoku
86.32 75.15 N /usr/games/glines
92.21 79.70 N /usr/games/glchess
103.79 88.48 N /usr/games/gnomine
113.84 96.51 N /usr/games/gnotski
124.40 102.19 N /usr/games/gnibbles
137.41 114.93 N /usr/games/gnobots2
155.53 125.02 N /usr/games/blackjack
179.85 135.11 N /usr/games/same-gnome
224.49 154.50 N /usr/bin/gnome-window-properties
248.44 162.09 N /usr/bin/gnome-default-applications-properties
282.62 173.29 N /usr/bin/gnome-at-properties
323.72 188.21 N /usr/bin/gnome-typing-monitor
363.99 199.93 N /usr/bin/gnome-at-visual
394.21 206.95 N /usr/bin/gnome-sound-properties
435.14 224.49 N /usr/bin/gnome-at-mobility
463.05 234.11 N /usr/bin/gnome-keybinding-properties
503.75 248.59 N /usr/bin/gnome-about-me
554.00 276.27 N /usr/bin/gnome-display-properties
615.48 304.39 N /usr/bin/gnome-network-preferences
693.03 342.01 N /usr/bin/gnome-mouse-properties
759.90 388.58 N /usr/bin/gnome-appearance-properties
937.90 508.47 N /usr/bin/gnome-control-center
1109.75 587.57 N /usr/bin/gnome-keyboard-properties
1399.05 758.16 N : oocalc
1524.64 830.03 N : oodraw
1684.31 900.03 N : ooimpress
1874.04 993.91 N : oomath
2115.12 1081.89 N : ooweb
2369.02 1161.99 N : oowriter
Note that the last ": oo*" commands are actually commented out.
1.4) vmstat numbers (some relevant ones are marked with *)
before after
nr_free_pages 1293 3898
nr_inactive_anon 59956 53460
nr_active_anon 26815 30026
nr_inactive_file 2657 3218
nr_active_file 2019 2806
nr_unevictable 4 4
nr_mlock 4 4
nr_anon_pages 26706 27859
*nr_mapped 3542 4469
nr_file_pages 72232 67681
nr_dirty 1 0
nr_writeback 123 19
nr_slab_reclaimable 3375 3534
nr_slab_unreclaimable 11405 10665
nr_page_table_pages 8106 7864
nr_unstable 0 0
nr_bounce 0 0
*nr_vmscan_write 394776 230839
nr_writeback_temp 0 0
numa_hit 6843353 3318676
numa_miss 0 0
numa_foreign 0 0
numa_interleave 1719 1719
numa_local 6843353 3318676
numa_other 0 0
*pgpgin 5954683 2057175
*pgpgout 1578276 922744
*pswpin 1486615 512238
*pswpout 394568 230685
pgalloc_dma 277432 56602
pgalloc_dma32 6769477 3310348
pgalloc_normal 0 0
pgalloc_movable 0 0
pgfree 7048396 3371118
pgactivate 2036343 1471492
pgdeactivate 2189691 1612829
pgfault 3702176 3100702
*pgmajfault 452116 201343
pgrefill_dma 12185 7127
pgrefill_dma32 334384 653703
pgrefill_normal 0 0
pgrefill_movable 0 0
pgsteal_dma 74214 22179
pgsteal_dma32 3334164 1638029
pgsteal_normal 0 0
pgsteal_movable 0 0
pgscan_kswapd_dma 1081421 1216199
pgscan_kswapd_dma32 58979118 46002810
pgscan_kswapd_normal 0 0
pgscan_kswapd_movable 0 0
pgscan_direct_dma 2015438 1086109
pgscan_direct_dma32 55787823 36101597
pgscan_direct_normal 0 0
pgscan_direct_movable 0 0
pginodesteal 3461 7281
slabs_scanned 564864 527616
kswapd_steal 2889797 1448082
kswapd_inodesteal 14827 14835
pageoutrun 43459 21562
allocstall 9653 4032
pgrotated 384216 228631
1.5) free numbers at the end of the tests
before patch:
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 474 467 7 0 0 236
-/+ buffers/cache: 230 243
Swap: 1023 418 605
after patch:
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 474 457 16 0 0 236
-/+ buffers/cache: 221 253
Swap: 1023 404 619
2) memory flushing in a file server
2.1) brief summary
The number of major faults from 50 to 3 during 10% cache hot reads.
That means this patch successfully stops major faults when the active file
list is slowly scanned when there are partially cache hot streaming IO.
2.2) test scenario
Do 100000 pread(size=110 pages, offset=(i*100) pages), where 10% of the
pages will be activated:
for i in `seq 0 100 10000000`; do echo $i 110; done > pattern-hot-10
iotrace.rb --load pattern-hot-10 --play /b/sparse
vmmon nr_mapped nr_active_file nr_inactive_file pgmajfault pgdeactivate pgfree
and monitor /proc/vmstat during the time. The test box has 2G memory.
I carried out tests on fresh booted console as well as X desktop, and
fetched the vmstat numbers on
(1) begin: shortly after the big read IO starts;
(2) end: just before the big read IO stops;
(3) restore: the big read IO stops and the zsh working set restored
(4) restore X: after IO, switch back and forth between the urxvt and firefox
windows to restore their working set.
2.3) console mode results
nr_mapped nr_active_file nr_inactive_file pgmajfault pgdeactivate pgfree
2.6.29 VM_EXEC protection ON:
begin: 2481 2237 8694 630 0 574299
end: 275 231976 233914 633 776271 20933042
restore: 370 232154 234524 691 777183 20958453
2.6.29 VM_EXEC protection ON (second run):
begin: 2434 2237 8493 629 0 574195
end: 284 231970 233536 632 771918 20896129
restore: 399 232218 234789 690 774526 20957909
2.6.30-rc4-mm VM_EXEC protection OFF:
begin: 2479 2344 9659 210 0 579643
end: 284 232010 234142 260 772776 20917184
restore: 379 232159 234371 301 774888 20967849
The above console numbers show that
- The startup pgmajfault of 2.6.30-rc4-mm is merely 1/3 that of 2.6.29.
I'd attribute that improvement to the mmap readahead improvements :-)
- The pgmajfault increment during the file copy is 633-630=3 vs 260-210=50.
That's a huge improvement - which means with the VM_EXEC protection logic,
active mmap pages is pretty safe even under partially cache hot streaming IO.
- when active:inactive file lru size reaches 1:1, their scan rates is 1:20.8
under 10% cache hot IO. (computed with formula Dpgdeactivate:Dpgfree)
That roughly means the active mmap pages get 20.8 more chances to get
re-referenced to stay in memory.
- The absolute nr_mapped drops considerably to 1/9 during the big IO, and the
dropped pages are mostly inactive ones. The patch has almost no impact in
this aspect, that means it won't unnecessarily increase memory pressure.
(In contrast, your 20% mmap protection ratio will keep them all, and
therefore eliminate the extra 41 major faults to restore working set
of zsh etc.)
The iotrace.rb read throughput is
151.194384MB/s 284.198252s 100001x 450560b --load pattern-hot-10 --play /b/sparse
which means the inactive list is rotated at the speed of 250MB/s,
so a full scan of which takes about 3.5 seconds, while a full scan
of active file list takes about 77 seconds.
2.4) X mode results
We can reach roughly the same conclusions for X desktop:
nr_mapped nr_active_file nr_inactive_file pgmajfault pgdeactivate pgfree
2.6.30-rc4-mm VM_EXEC protection ON:
begin: 9740 8920 64075 561 0 678360
end: 768 218254 220029 565 798953 21057006
restore: 857 218543 220987 606 799462 21075710
restore X: 2414 218560 225344 797 799462 21080795
2.6.30-rc4-mm VM_EXEC protection OFF:
begin: 9368 5035 26389 554 0 633391
end: 770 218449 221230 661 646472 17832500
restore: 1113 218466 220978 710 649881 17905235
restore X: 2687 218650 225484 947 802700 21083584
- the absolute nr_mapped drops considerably (to 1/13 of the original size)
during the streaming IO.
- the delta of pgmajfault is 3 vs 107 during IO, or 236 vs 393
during the whole process.
Cc: Elladan <elladan@eskimo.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Collect vma->vm_flags of the VMAs that actually referenced the page.
This is preparing for more informed reclaim heuristics, eg. to protect
executable file pages more aggressively. For now only the VM_EXEC bit
will be used by the caller.
Thanks to Johannes, Peter and Minchan for all the good tips.
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As function shmem_file_setup does not modify/allocate/free/pass given
filename - mark it as const.
Signed-off-by: Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox@inbox.ru>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The file argument resulted from address_space's readpage long time ago.
We don't use it any more. Let's remove unnecessary argement.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hugh removed add_to_swap's gfp_mask argument. (mm: remove gfp_mask from
add_to_swap) So we have to remove annotation of gfp_mask of the function.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SRAT tables may contains nodes of very small size. The arch code may
decide to not activate such a node. However, currently the early boot
code sets N_HIGH_MEMORY for such nodes. These nodes therefore seem to be
active although these nodes have no present pages.
For 64bit N_HIGH_MEMORY == N_NORMAL_MEMORY, so that works for 64 bit too
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <Yinghai@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>