Commit 4942642080 ("mm: memcg: handle non-error OOM situations more
gracefully") allowed tasks that already entered a memcg OOM condition to
bypass the memcg limit on subsequent allocation attempts hoping this
would expedite finishing the page fault and executing the kill.
David Rientjes is worried that this breaks memcg isolation guarantees
and since there is no evidence that the bypass actually speeds up fault
processing just change it so that these subsequent charge attempts fail
outright. The notable exception being __GFP_NOFAIL charges which are
required to bypass the limit regardless.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-bt: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a race condition between a memcg being torn down and a swapin
triggered from a different memcg of a page that was recorded to belong
to the exiting memcg on swapout (with CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP extension). The
result is unreclaimable pages pointing to dead memcgs, which can lead to
anything from endless loops in later memcg teardown (the page is charged
to all hierarchical parents but is not on any LRU list) or crashes from
following the dangling memcg pointer.
Memcgs with tasks in them can not be torn down and usually charges don't
show up in memcgs without tasks. Swapin with the CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
extension is the notable exception because it charges the cgroup that
was recorded as owner during swapout, which may be empty and in the
process of being torn down when a task in another memcg triggers the
swapin:
teardown: swapin:
lookup_swap_cgroup_id()
rcu_read_lock()
mem_cgroup_lookup()
css_tryget()
rcu_read_unlock()
disable css_tryget()
call_rcu()
offline_css()
reparent_charges()
res_counter_charge() (hierarchical!)
css_put()
css_free()
pc->mem_cgroup = dead memcg
add page to dead lru
Add a final reparenting step into css_free() to make sure any such raced
charges are moved out of the memcg before it's finally freed.
In the longer term it would be cleaner to have the css_tryget() and the
res_counter charge under the same RCU lock section so that the charge
reparenting is deferred until the last charge whose tryget succeeded is
visible. But this will require more invasive changes that will be
harder to evaluate and backport into stable, so better defer them to a
separate change set.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrey Wagin reported crash on VM_BUG_ON() in pgtable_pmd_page_dtor() with
fallowing backtrace:
free_pgd_range+0x2bf/0x410
free_pgtables+0xce/0x120
unmap_region+0xe0/0x120
do_munmap+0x249/0x360
move_vma+0x144/0x270
SyS_mremap+0x3b9/0x510
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
The crash can be reproduce with this test case:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MB (1024 * 1024UL)
#define GB (1024 * MB)
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *p;
int i;
p = mmap((void *) GB, 10 * MB, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0);
for (i = 0; i < 10 * MB; i += 4096)
p[i] = 1;
mremap(p, 10 * MB, 10 * MB, MREMAP_FIXED | MREMAP_MAYMOVE, 2 * GB);
return 0;
}
Due to split PMD lock, we now store preallocated PTE tables for THP
pages per-PMD table. It means we need to move them to other PMD table
if huge PMD moved there.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Tested-by: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 84235de394 ("fs: buffer: move allocation failure loop into the
allocator") started recognizing __GFP_NOFAIL in memory cgroups but
forgot to disable the OOM killer.
Any task that does not fail allocation will also not enter the OOM
completion path. So don't declare an OOM state in this case or it'll be
leaked and the task be able to bypass the limit until the next
userspace-triggered page fault cleans up the OOM state.
Reported-by: William Dauchy <wdauchy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.12.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have a problem where the big_key key storage implementation uses a
shmem backed inode to hold the key contents. Because of this detail of
implementation LSM checks are being done between processes trying to
read the keys and the tmpfs backed inode. The LSM checks are already
being handled on the key interface level and should not be enforced at
the inode level (since the inode is an implementation detail, not a
part of the security model)
This patch implements a new function shmem_kernel_file_setup() which
returns the equivalent to shmem_file_setup() only the underlying inode
has S_PRIVATE set. This means that all LSM checks for the inode in
question are skipped. It should only be used for kernel internal
operations where the inode is not exposed to userspace without proper
LSM checking. It is possible that some other users of
shmem_file_setup() should use the new interface, but this has not been
explored.
Reproducing this bug is a little bit difficult. The steps I used on
Fedora are:
(1) Turn off selinux enforcing:
setenforce 0
(2) Create a huge key
k=`dd if=/dev/zero bs=8192 count=1 | keyctl padd big_key test-key @s`
(3) Access the key in another context:
runcon system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 keyctl print $k >/dev/null
(4) Examine the audit logs:
ausearch -m AVC -i --subject httpd_t | audit2allow
If the last command's output includes a line that looks like:
allow httpd_t user_tmpfs_t:file { open read };
There was an inode check between httpd and the tmpfs filesystem. With
this patch no such denial will be seen. (NOTE! you should clear your
audit log if you have tested for this previously)
(Please return you box to enforcing)
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Pull SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg:
"The patches from Joonsoo Kim switch mm/slab.c to use 'struct page' for
slab internals similar to mm/slub.c. This reduces memory usage and
improves performance:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/10/16/155
Rest of the changes are bug fixes from various people"
* 'slab/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux: (21 commits)
mm, slub: fix the typo in mm/slub.c
mm, slub: fix the typo in include/linux/slub_def.h
slub: Handle NULL parameter in kmem_cache_flags
slab: replace non-existing 'struct freelist *' with 'void *'
slab: fix to calm down kmemleak warning
slub: proper kmemleak tracking if CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG disabled
slab: rename slab_bufctl to slab_freelist
slab: remove useless statement for checking pfmemalloc
slab: use struct page for slab management
slab: replace free and inuse in struct slab with newly introduced active
slab: remove SLAB_LIMIT
slab: remove kmem_bufctl_t
slab: change the management method of free objects of the slab
slab: use __GFP_COMP flag for allocating slab pages
slab: use well-defined macro, virt_to_slab()
slab: overloading the RCU head over the LRU for RCU free
slab: remove cachep in struct slab_rcu
slab: remove nodeid in struct slab
slab: remove colouroff in struct slab
slab: change return type of kmem_getpages() to struct page
...
Fengguang Wu reports that compiling mm/mempolicy.c results in a warning:
mm/mempolicy.c: In function 'mpol_to_str':
mm/mempolicy.c:2878:2: error: format not a string literal and no format arguments
Kees says this is because he is using -Wformat-security.
Silence the warning.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 7cb2ef56e6 ("mm: fix aio performance regression for database
caused by THP") can cause dereference of a dangling pointer if
split_huge_page runs during PageHuge() if there are updates to the
tail_page->private field.
Also it is repeating compound_head twice for hugetlbfs and it is running
compound_head+compound_trans_head for THP when a single one is needed in
both cases.
The new code within the PageSlab() check doesn't need to verify that the
THP page size is never bigger than the smallest hugetlbfs page size, to
avoid memory corruption.
A longstanding theoretical race condition was found while fixing the
above (see the change right after the skip_unlock label, that is
relevant for the compound_lock path too).
By re-establishing the _mapcount tail refcounting for all compound
pages, this also fixes the below problem:
echo 0 >/sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages
BUG: Bad page state in process bash pfn:59a01
page:ffffea000139b038 count:0 mapcount:10 mapping: (null) index:0x0
page flags: 0x1c00000000008000(tail)
Modules linked in:
CPU: 6 PID: 2018 Comm: bash Not tainted 3.12.0+ #25
Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x55/0x76
bad_page+0xd5/0x130
free_pages_prepare+0x213/0x280
__free_pages+0x36/0x80
update_and_free_page+0xc1/0xd0
free_pool_huge_page+0xc2/0xe0
set_max_huge_pages.part.58+0x14c/0x220
nr_hugepages_store_common.isra.60+0xd0/0xf0
nr_hugepages_store+0x13/0x20
kobj_attr_store+0xf/0x20
sysfs_write_file+0x189/0x1e0
vfs_write+0xc5/0x1f0
SyS_write+0x55/0xb0
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Signed-off-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pravin Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Right now, the migration code in migrate_page_copy() uses copy_huge_page()
for hugetlbfs and thp pages:
if (PageHuge(page) || PageTransHuge(page))
copy_huge_page(newpage, page);
So, yay for code reuse. But:
void copy_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src)
{
struct hstate *h = page_hstate(src);
and a non-hugetlbfs page has no page_hstate(). This works 99% of the
time because page_hstate() determines the hstate from the page order
alone. Since the page order of a THP page matches the default hugetlbfs
page order, it works.
But, if you change the default huge page size on the boot command-line
(say default_hugepagesz=1G), then we might not even *have* a 2MB hstate
so page_hstate() returns null and copy_huge_page() oopses pretty fast
since copy_huge_page() dereferences the hstate:
void copy_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src)
{
struct hstate *h = page_hstate(src);
if (unlikely(pages_per_huge_page(h) > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES)) {
...
Mel noticed that the migration code is really the only user of these
functions. This moves all the copy code over to migrate.c and makes
copy_huge_page() work for THP by checking for it explicitly.
I believe the bug was introduced in commit b32967ff10 ("mm: numa: Add
THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case")
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix coding-style and comment text, per Naoya Horiguchi]
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit ea1e7ed337.
Al points out that while the commit *does* actually create a separate
slab for the page->ptl allocation, that slab is never actually used, and
the code continues to use kmalloc/kfree.
Damien Wyart points out that the original patch did have the conversion
to use kmem_cache_alloc/free, so it got lost somewhere on its way to me.
Revert the half-arsed attempt that didn't do anything. If we really do
want the special slab (remember: this is all relevant just for debug
builds, so it's not necessarily all that critical) we might as well redo
the patch fully.
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Kirill A Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull trivial tree updates from Jiri Kosina:
"Usual earth-shaking, news-breaking, rocket science pile from
trivial.git"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (23 commits)
doc: usb: Fix typo in Documentation/usb/gadget_configs.txt
doc: add missing files to timers/00-INDEX
timekeeping: Fix some trivial typos in comments
mm: Fix some trivial typos in comments
irq: Fix some trivial typos in comments
NUMA: fix typos in Kconfig help text
mm: update 00-INDEX
doc: Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt fix typo
DRM: comment: `halve' -> `half'
Docs: Kconfig: `devlopers' -> `developers'
doc: typo on word accounting in kprobes.c in mutliple architectures
treewide: fix "usefull" typo
treewide: fix "distingush" typo
mm/Kconfig: Grammar s/an/a/
kexec: Typo s/the/then/
Documentation/kvm: Update cpuid documentation for steal time and pv eoi
treewide: Fix common typo in "identify"
__page_to_pfn: Fix typo in comment
Correct some typos for word frequency
clk: fixed-factor: Fix a trivial typo
...
This patch enhances the type safety for the kfifo API. It is now safe
to put const data into a non const FIFO and the API will now generate a
compiler warning when reading from the fifo where the destination
address is pointing to a const variable.
As a side effect the kfifo_put() does now expect the value of an element
instead a pointer to the element. This was suggested Russell King. It
make the handling of the kfifo_put easier since there is no need to
create a helper variable for getting the address of a pointer or to pass
integers of different sizes.
IMHO the API break is okay, since there are currently only six users of
kfifo_put().
The code is also cleaner by kicking out the "if (0)" expressions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC are enabled spinlock_t on x86_64
is 72 bytes. For page->ptl they will be allocated from kmalloc-96 slab,
so we loose 24 on each. An average system can easily allocate few tens
thousands of page->ptl and overhead is significant.
Let's create a separate slab for page->ptl allocation to solve this.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use kernel/bounds.c to convert build-time spinlock_t size check into a
preprocessor symbol and apply that to properly separate the page::ptl
situation.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If split page table lock is in use, we embed the lock into struct page
of table's page. We have to disable split lock, if spinlock_t is too
big be to be embedded, like when DEBUG_SPINLOCK or DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
enabled.
This patch add support for dynamic allocation of split page table lock
if we can't embed it to struct page.
page->ptl is unsigned long now and we use it as spinlock_t if
sizeof(spinlock_t) <= sizeof(long), otherwise it's pointer to spinlock_t.
The spinlock_t allocated in pgtable_page_ctor() for PTE table and in
pgtable_pmd_page_ctor() for PMD table. All other helpers converted to
support dynamically allocated page->ptl.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The basic idea is the same as with PTE level: the lock is embedded into
struct page of table's page.
We can't use mm->pmd_huge_pte to store pgtables for THP, since we don't
take mm->page_table_lock anymore. Let's reuse page->lru of table's page
for that.
pgtable_pmd_page_ctor() returns true, if initialization is successful
and false otherwise. Current implementation never fails, but assumption
that constructor can fail will help to port it to -rt where spinlock_t
is rather huge and cannot be embedded into struct page -- dynamic
allocation is required.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently mm->pmd_huge_pte protected by page table lock. It will not
work with split lock. We have to have per-pmd pmd_huge_pte for proper
access serialization.
For now, let's just introduce wrapper to access mm->pmd_huge_pte.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With split ptlock it's important to know which lock
pmd_trans_huge_lock() took. This patch adds one more parameter to the
function to return the lock.
In most places migration to new api is trivial. Exception is
move_huge_pmd(): we need to take two locks if pmd tables are different.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's only one caller of do_generic_file_read() and the only actor is
file_read_actor(). No reason to have a callback parameter.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull core locking changes from Ingo Molnar:
"The biggest changes:
- add lockdep support for seqcount/seqlocks structures, this
unearthed both bugs and required extra annotation.
- move the various kernel locking primitives to the new
kernel/locking/ directory"
* 'core-locking-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (21 commits)
block: Use u64_stats_init() to initialize seqcounts
locking/lockdep: Mark __lockdep_count_forward_deps() as static
lockdep/proc: Fix lock-time avg computation
locking/doc: Update references to kernel/mutex.c
ipv6: Fix possible ipv6 seqlock deadlock
cpuset: Fix potential deadlock w/ set_mems_allowed
seqcount: Add lockdep functionality to seqcount/seqlock structures
net: Explicitly initialize u64_stats_sync structures for lockdep
locking: Move the percpu-rwsem code to kernel/locking/
locking: Move the lglocks code to kernel/locking/
locking: Move the rwsem code to kernel/locking/
locking: Move the rtmutex code to kernel/locking/
locking: Move the semaphore core to kernel/locking/
locking: Move the spinlock code to kernel/locking/
locking: Move the lockdep code to kernel/locking/
locking: Move the mutex code to kernel/locking/
hung_task debugging: Add tracepoint to report the hang
x86/locking/kconfig: Update paravirt spinlock Kconfig description
lockstat: Report avg wait and hold times
lockdep, x86/alternatives: Drop ancient lockdep fixup message
...
Pull block IO core updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the pull request for the core changes in the block layer for
3.13. It contains:
- The new blk-mq request interface.
This is a new and more scalable queueing model that marries the
best part of the request based interface we currently have (which
is fully featured, but scales poorly) and the bio based "interface"
which the new drivers for high IOPS devices end up using because
it's much faster than the request based one.
The bio interface has no block layer support, since it taps into
the stack much earlier. This means that drivers end up having to
implement a lot of functionality on their own, like tagging,
timeout handling, requeue, etc. The blk-mq interface provides all
these. Some drivers even provide a switch to select bio or rq and
has code to handle both, since things like merging only works in
the rq model and hence is faster for some workloads. This is a
huge mess. Conversion of these drivers nets us a substantial code
reduction. Initial results on converting SCSI to this model even
shows an 8x improvement on single queue devices. So while the
model was intended to work on the newer multiqueue devices, it has
substantial improvements for "classic" hardware as well. This code
has gone through extensive testing and development, it's now ready
to go. A pull request is coming to convert virtio-blk to this
model will be will be coming as well, with more drivers scheduled
for 3.14 conversion.
- Two blktrace fixes from Jan and Chen Gang.
- A plug merge fix from Alireza Haghdoost.
- Conversion of __get_cpu_var() from Christoph Lameter.
- Fix for sector_div() with 64-bit divider from Geert Uytterhoeven.
- A fix for a race between request completion and the timeout
handling from Jeff Moyer. This is what caused the merge conflict
with blk-mq/core, in case you are looking at that.
- A dm stacking fix from Mike Snitzer.
- A code consolidation fix and duplicated code removal from Kent
Overstreet.
- A handful of block bug fixes from Mikulas Patocka, fixing a loop
crash and memory corruption on blk cg.
- Elevator switch bug fix from Tomoki Sekiyama.
A heads-up that I had to rebase this branch. Initially the immutable
bio_vecs had been queued up for inclusion, but a week later, it became
clear that it wasn't fully cooked yet. So the decision was made to
pull this out and postpone it until 3.14. It was a straight forward
rebase, just pruning out the immutable series and the later fixes of
problems with it. The rest of the patches applied directly and no
further changes were made"
* 'for-3.13/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (31 commits)
block: replace IS_ERR and PTR_ERR with PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO
block: replace IS_ERR and PTR_ERR with PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO
block: Do not call sector_div() with a 64-bit divisor
kernel: trace: blktrace: remove redundent memcpy() in compat_blk_trace_setup()
block: Consolidate duplicated bio_trim() implementations
block: Use rw_copy_check_uvector()
block: Enable sysfs nomerge control for I/O requests in the plug list
block: properly stack underlying max_segment_size to DM device
elevator: acquire q->sysfs_lock in elevator_change()
elevator: Fix a race in elevator switching and md device initialization
block: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
bdi: test bdi_init failure
block: fix a probe argument to blk_register_region
loop: fix crash if blk_alloc_queue fails
blk-core: Fix memory corruption if blkcg_init_queue fails
block: fix race between request completion and timeout handling
blktrace: Send BLK_TN_PROCESS events to all running traces
blk-mq: don't disallow request merges for req->special being set
blk-mq: mq plug list breakage
blk-mq: fix for flush deadlock
...
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
1) The addition of nftables. No longer will we need protocol aware
firewall filtering modules, it can all live in userspace.
At the core of nftables is a, for lack of a better term, virtual
machine that executes byte codes to inspect packet or metadata
(arriving interface index, etc.) and make verdict decisions.
Besides support for loading packet contents and comparing them, the
interpreter supports lookups in various datastructures as
fundamental operations. For example sets are supports, and
therefore one could create a set of whitelist IP address entries
which have ACCEPT verdicts attached to them, and use the appropriate
byte codes to do such lookups.
Since the interpreted code is composed in userspace, userspace can
do things like optimize things before giving it to the kernel.
Another major improvement is the capability of atomically updating
portions of the ruleset. In the existing netfilter implementation,
one has to update the entire rule set in order to make a change and
this is very expensive.
Userspace tools exist to create nftables rules using existing
netfilter rule sets, but both kernel implementations will need to
co-exist for quite some time as we transition from the old to the
new stuff.
Kudos to Patrick McHardy, Pablo Neira Ayuso, and others who have
worked so hard on this.
2) Daniel Borkmann and Hannes Frederic Sowa made several improvements
to our pseudo-random number generator, mostly used for things like
UDP port randomization and netfitler, amongst other things.
In particular the taus88 generater is updated to taus113, and test
cases are added.
3) Support 64-bit rates in HTB and TBF schedulers, from Eric Dumazet
and Yang Yingliang.
4) Add support for new 577xx tigon3 chips to tg3 driver, from Nithin
Sujir.
5) Fix two fatal flaws in TCP dynamic right sizing, from Eric Dumazet,
Neal Cardwell, and Yuchung Cheng.
6) Allow IP_TOS and IP_TTL to be specified in sendmsg() ancillary
control message data, much like other socket option attributes.
From Francesco Fusco.
7) Allow applications to specify a cap on the rate computed
automatically by the kernel for pacing flows, via a new
SO_MAX_PACING_RATE socket option. From Eric Dumazet.
8) Make the initial autotuned send buffer sizing in TCP more closely
reflect actual needs, from Eric Dumazet.
9) Currently early socket demux only happens for TCP sockets, but we
can do it for connected UDP sockets too. Implementation from Shawn
Bohrer.
10) Refactor inet socket demux with the goal of improving hash demux
performance for listening sockets. With the main goals being able
to use RCU lookups on even request sockets, and eliminating the
listening lock contention. From Eric Dumazet.
11) The bonding layer has many demuxes in it's fast path, and an RCU
conversion was started back in 3.11, several changes here extend the
RCU usage to even more locations. From Ding Tianhong and Wang
Yufen, based upon suggestions by Nikolay Aleksandrov and Veaceslav
Falico.
12) Allow stackability of segmentation offloads to, in particular, allow
segmentation offloading over tunnels. From Eric Dumazet.
13) Significantly improve the handling of secret keys we input into the
various hash functions in the inet hashtables, TCP fast open, as
well as syncookies. From Hannes Frederic Sowa. The key fundamental
operation is "net_get_random_once()" which uses static keys.
Hannes even extended this to ipv4/ipv6 fragmentation handling and
our generic flow dissector.
14) The generic driver layer takes care now to set the driver data to
NULL on device removal, so it's no longer necessary for drivers to
explicitly set it to NULL any more. Many drivers have been cleaned
up in this way, from Jingoo Han.
15) Add a BPF based packet scheduler classifier, from Daniel Borkmann.
16) Improve CRC32 interfaces and generic SKB checksum iterators so that
SCTP's checksumming can more cleanly be handled. Also from Daniel
Borkmann.
17) Add a new PMTU discovery mode, IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE, which forces
using the interface MTU value. This helps avoid PMTU attacks,
particularly on DNS servers. From Hannes Frederic Sowa.
18) Use generic XPS for transmit queue steering rather than internal
(re-)implementation in virtio-net. From Jason Wang.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1622 commits)
random32: add test cases for taus113 implementation
random32: upgrade taus88 generator to taus113 from errata paper
random32: move rnd_state to linux/random.h
random32: add prandom_reseed_late() and call when nonblocking pool becomes initialized
random32: add periodic reseeding
random32: fix off-by-one in seeding requirement
PHY: Add RTL8201CP phy_driver to realtek
xtsonic: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in xtsonic_probe()
macmace: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in mace_probe()
ethernet/arc/arc_emac: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in arc_emac_probe()
ipv6: protect for_each_sk_fl_rcu in mem_check with rcu_read_lock_bh
vlan: Implement vlan_dev_get_egress_qos_mask as an inline.
ixgbe: add warning when max_vfs is out of range.
igb: Update link modes display in ethtool
netfilter: push reasm skb through instead of original frag skbs
ip6_output: fragment outgoing reassembled skb properly
MAINTAINERS: mv643xx_eth: take over maintainership from Lennart
net_sched: tbf: support of 64bit rates
ixgbe: deleting dfwd stations out of order can cause null ptr deref
ixgbe: fix build err, num_rx_queues is only available with CONFIG_RPS
...
Merge first patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
"Quite a lot of other stuff is banked up awaiting further
next->mainline merging, but this batch contains:
- Lots of random misc patches
- OCFS2
- Most of MM
- backlight updates
- lib/ updates
- printk updates
- checkpatch updates
- epoll tweaking
- rtc updates
- hfs
- hfsplus
- documentation
- procfs
- update gcov to gcc-4.7 format
- IPC"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (269 commits)
ipc, msg: fix message length check for negative values
ipc/util.c: remove unnecessary work pending test
devpts: plug the memory leak in kill_sb
./Makefile: export initial ramdisk compression config option
init/Kconfig: add option to disable kernel compression
drivers: w1: make w1_slave::flags long to avoid memory corruption
drivers/w1/masters/ds1wm.cuse dev_get_platdata()
drivers/memstick/core/ms_block.c: fix unreachable state in h_msb_read_page()
drivers/memstick/core/mspro_block.c: fix attributes array allocation
drivers/pps/clients/pps-gpio.c: remove redundant of_match_ptr
kernel/panic.c: reduce 1 byte usage for print tainted buffer
gcov: reuse kbasename helper
kernel/gcov/fs.c: use pr_warn()
kernel/module.c: use pr_foo()
gcov: compile specific gcov implementation based on gcc version
gcov: add support for gcc 4.7 gcov format
gcov: move gcov structs definitions to a gcc version specific file
kernel/taskstats.c: return -ENOMEM when alloc memory fails in add_del_listener()
kernel/taskstats.c: add nla_nest_cancel() for failure processing between nla_nest_start() and nla_nest_end()
kernel/sysctl_binary.c: use scnprintf() instead of snprintf()
...
Pull vfs updates from Al Viro:
"All kinds of stuff this time around; some more notable parts:
- RCU'd vfsmounts handling
- new primitives for coredump handling
- files_lock is gone
- Bruce's delegations handling series
- exportfs fixes
plus misc stuff all over the place"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (101 commits)
ecryptfs: ->f_op is never NULL
locks: break delegations on any attribute modification
locks: break delegations on link
locks: break delegations on rename
locks: helper functions for delegation breaking
locks: break delegations on unlink
namei: minor vfs_unlink cleanup
locks: implement delegations
locks: introduce new FL_DELEG lock flag
vfs: take i_mutex on renamed file
vfs: rename I_MUTEX_QUOTA now that it's not used for quotas
vfs: don't use PARENT/CHILD lock classes for non-directories
vfs: pull ext4's double-i_mutex-locking into common code
exportfs: fix quadratic behavior in filehandle lookup
exportfs: better variable name
exportfs: move most of reconnect_path to helper function
exportfs: eliminate unused "noprogress" counter
exportfs: stop retrying once we race with rename/remove
exportfs: clear DISCONNECTED on all parents sooner
exportfs: more detailed comment for path_reconnect
...
Pull cgroup changes from Tejun Heo:
"Not too much activity this time around. css_id is finally killed and
a minor update to device_cgroup"
* 'for-3.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
device_cgroup: remove can_attach
cgroup: kill css_id
memcg: stop using css id
memcg: fail to create cgroup if the cgroup id is too big
memcg: convert to use cgroup id
memcg: convert to use cgroup_is_descendant()
Pull percpu changes from Tejun Heo:
"Two smallish changes for percpu. Two patches to remove unused
this_cpu_xor() and one to fix a bug in percpu init failure path so
that it can reach the proper BUG() instead of oopsing earlier"
* 'for-3.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
x86: remove this_cpu_xor() implementation
percpu: remove this_cpu_xor() implementation
percpu: fix bootmem error handling in pcpu_page_first_chunk()
Commit 0255d49184 ("mm: Account for a THP NUMA hinting update as one
PTE update") was added to account for the number of PTE updates when
marking pages prot_numa. task_numa_work was using the old return value
to track how much address space had been updated. Altering the return
value causes the scanner to do more work than it is configured or
documented to in a single unit of work.
This patch reverts that commit and accounts for the number of THP
updates separately in vmstat. It is up to the administrator to
interpret the pair of values correctly. This is a straight-forward
operation and likely to only be of interest when actively debugging NUMA
balancing problems.
The impact of this patch is that the NUMA PTE scanner will scan slower
when THP is enabled and workloads may converge slower as a result. On
the flip size system CPU usage should be lower than recent tests
reported. This is an illustrative example of a short single JVM specjbb
test
specjbb
3.12.0 3.12.0
vanilla acctupdates
TPut 1 26143.00 ( 0.00%) 25747.00 ( -1.51%)
TPut 7 185257.00 ( 0.00%) 183202.00 ( -1.11%)
TPut 13 329760.00 ( 0.00%) 346577.00 ( 5.10%)
TPut 19 442502.00 ( 0.00%) 460146.00 ( 3.99%)
TPut 25 540634.00 ( 0.00%) 549053.00 ( 1.56%)
TPut 31 512098.00 ( 0.00%) 519611.00 ( 1.47%)
TPut 37 461276.00 ( 0.00%) 474973.00 ( 2.97%)
TPut 43 403089.00 ( 0.00%) 414172.00 ( 2.75%)
3.12.0 3.12.0
vanillaacctupdates
User 5169.64 5184.14
System 100.45 80.02
Elapsed 252.75 251.85
Performance is similar but note the reduction in system CPU time. While
this showed a performance gain, it will not be universal but at least
it'll be behaving as documented. The vmstats are obviously different but
here is an obvious interpretation of them from mmtests.
3.12.0 3.12.0
vanillaacctupdates
NUMA page range updates 1408326 11043064
NUMA huge PMD updates 0 21040
NUMA PTE updates 1408326 291624
"NUMA page range updates" == nr_pte_updates and is the value returned to
the NUMA pte scanner. NUMA huge PMD updates were the number of THP
updates which in combination can be used to calculate how many ptes were
updated from userspace.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The same calculation is currently done in three differents places.
Factor that code so future changes has to be made at only one place.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: uninline vm_commit_limit()]
Signed-off-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The refcount routine was not fit the kernel get/put semantic exactly,
There were too many judgement statements on refcount and it could be
minus.
This patch does the following:
- move refcount judgement to zswap_entry_put() to hide resource free function.
- add a new function zswap_entry_find_get(), so that callers can use
easily in the following pattern:
zswap_entry_find_get
.../* do something */
zswap_entry_put
- to eliminate compile error, move some functions declaration
This patch is based on Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> 's idea and suggestion.
Signed-off-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Consider the following scenario:
thread 0: reclaim entry x (get refcount, but not call zswap_get_swap_cache_page)
thread 1: call zswap_frontswap_invalidate_page to invalidate entry x.
finished, entry x and its zbud is not freed as its refcount != 0
now, the swap_map[x] = 0
thread 0: now call zswap_get_swap_cache_page
swapcache_prepare return -ENOENT because entry x is not used any more
zswap_get_swap_cache_page return ZSWAP_SWAPCACHE_NOMEM
zswap_writeback_entry do nothing except put refcount
Now, the memory of zswap_entry x and its zpage leak.
Modify:
- check the refcount in fail path, free memory if it is not referenced.
- use ZSWAP_SWAPCACHE_FAIL instead of ZSWAP_SWAPCACHE_NOMEM as the fail path
can be not only caused by nomem but also by invalidate.
Signed-off-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can't see the relationship with memcg from the parameters,
so the name with memcg_idx would be more reasonable.
Signed-off-by: Qiang Huang <h.huangqiang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch fixes the problem that get_unmapped_area() can return illegal
address and result in failing mmap(2) etc.
In case that the address higher than PAGE_SIZE is set to
/proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr, the address lower than mmap_min_addr can be
returned by get_unmapped_area(), even if you do not pass any virtual
address hint (i.e. the second argument).
This is because the current get_unmapped_area() code does not take into
account mmap_min_addr.
This leads to two actual problems as follows:
1. mmap(2) can fail with EPERM on the process without CAP_SYS_RAWIO,
although any illegal parameter is not passed.
2. The bottom-up search path after the top-down search might not work in
arch_get_unmapped_area_topdown().
Note: The first and third chunk of my patch, which changes "len" check,
are for more precise check using mmap_min_addr, and not for solving the
above problem.
[How to reproduce]
--- test.c -------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
void *ret = NULL, *last_map;
size_t pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
do {
last_map = ret;
ret = mmap(0, pagesize, PROT_NONE,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
// printf("ret=%p\n", ret);
} while (ret != MAP_FAILED);
if (errno != ENOMEM) {
printf("ERR: unexpected errno: %d (last map=%p)\n",
errno, last_map);
}
return 0;
}
---------------------------------------------------------------
$ gcc -m32 -o test test.c
$ sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_min_addr=65536
vm.mmap_min_addr = 65536
$ ./test (run as non-priviledge user)
ERR: unexpected errno: 1 (last map=0x10000)
Signed-off-by: Akira Takeuchi <takeuchi.akr@jp.panasonic.com>
Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Owada <owada.kiyoshi@jp.panasonic.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When __rmqueue_fallback() doesn't find a free block with the required size
it splits a larger page and puts the rest of the page onto the free list.
But it has one serious mistake. When putting back, __rmqueue_fallback()
always use start_migratetype if type is not CMA. However,
__rmqueue_fallback() is only called when all of the start_migratetype
queue is empty. That said, __rmqueue_fallback always puts back memory to
the wrong queue except try_to_steal_freepages() changed pageblock type
(i.e. requested size is smaller than half of page block). The end result
is that the antifragmentation framework increases fragmenation instead of
decreasing it.
Mel's original anti fragmentation does the right thing. But commit
47118af076 ("mm: mmzone: MIGRATE_CMA migration type added") broke it.
This patch restores sane and old behavior. It also removes an incorrect
comment which was introduced by commit fef903efcf ("mm/page_alloc.c:
restructure free-page stealing code and fix a bug").
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In general, every tracepoint should be zero overhead if it is disabled.
However, trace_mm_page_alloc_extfrag() is one of exception. It evaluate
"new_type == start_migratetype" even if tracepoint is disabled.
However, the code can be moved into tracepoint's TP_fast_assign() and
TP_fast_assign exist exactly such purpose. This patch does it.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, set_pageblock_migratetype() screws up MIGRATE_CMA and
MIGRATE_ISOLATE if page_group_by_mobility_disabled is true. It rewrites
the argument to MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE and we lost these attribute.
The problem was introduced by commit 49255c619f ("page allocator: move
check for disabled anti-fragmentation out of fastpath"). So a 4 year
old issue may mean that nobody uses page_group_by_mobility_disabled.
But anyway, this patch fixes the problem.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kernel's readahead algorithm sometimes interprets random read
accesses as sequential and triggers unnecessary data prefecthing from
storage device (impacting random read average latency).
In order to identify sequential cache read misses, the readahead
algorithm intends to check whether offset - previous offset == 1
(trivial sequential reads) or offset - previous offset == 0 (sequential
reads not aligned on page boundary):
if (offset - (ra->prev_pos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) <= 1UL)
The current offset is stored in the "offset" variable of type "pgoff_t"
(unsigned long), while previous offset is stored in "ra->prev_pos" of
type "loff_t" (long long). Therefore, operands of the if statement are
implicitly converted to type long long. Consequently, when previous
offset > current offset (which happens on random pattern), the if
condition is true and access is wrongly interpeted as sequential. An
unnecessary data prefetching is triggered, impacting the average random
read latency.
Storing the previous offset value in a "pgoff_t" variable (unsigned
long) fixes the sequential read detection logic.
Signed-off-by: Damien Ramonda <damien.ramonda@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Pierre Tardy <pierre.tardy@intel.com>
Acked-by: David Cohen <david.a.cohen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vmstat_cpuup_callback() is a CPU notifier callback, which marks N_CPU to a
node at CPU online event. However, it does not update this N_CPU info at
CPU offline event.
Changed vmstat_cpuup_callback() to clear N_CPU when the last CPU in the
node is put into offline, i.e. the node no longer has any online CPU.
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After a system booted, N_CPU is not set to any node as has_cpu shows an
empty line.
# cat /sys/devices/system/node/has_cpu
(show-empty-line)
setup_vmstat() registers its CPU notifier callback,
vmstat_cpuup_callback(), which marks N_CPU to a node when a CPU is put
into online. However, setup_vmstat() is called after all CPUs are
launched in the boot sequence.
Changed setup_vmstat() to mark N_CPU to the nodes with online CPUs at
boot, which is consistent with other operations in
vmstat_cpuup_callback(), i.e. start_cpu_timer() and
refresh_zone_stat_thresholds().
Also added get_online_cpus() to protect the for_each_online_cpu() loop.
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The hot-Pluggable field in SRAT specifies which memory is hotpluggable.
As we mentioned before, if hotpluggable memory is used by the kernel, it
cannot be hot-removed. So memory hotplug users may want to set all
hotpluggable memory in ZONE_MOVABLE so that the kernel won't use it.
Memory hotplug users may also set a node as movable node, which has
ZONE_MOVABLE only, so that the whole node can be hot-removed.
But the kernel cannot use memory in ZONE_MOVABLE. By doing this, the
kernel cannot use memory in movable nodes. This will cause NUMA
performance down. And other users may be unhappy.
So we need a way to allow users to enable and disable this functionality.
In this patch, we introduce movable_node boot option to allow users to
choose to not to consume hotpluggable memory at early boot time and later
we can set it as ZONE_MOVABLE.
To achieve this, the movable_node boot option will control the memblock
allocation direction. That said, after memblock is ready, before SRAT is
parsed, we should allocate memory near the kernel image as we explained in
the previous patches. So if movable_node boot option is set, the kernel
does the following:
1. After memblock is ready, make memblock allocate memory bottom up.
2. After SRAT is parsed, make memblock behave as default, allocate memory
top down.
Users can specify "movable_node" in kernel commandline to enable this
functionality. For those who don't use memory hotplug or who don't want
to lose their NUMA performance, just don't specify anything. The kernel
will work as before.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Suggested-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The Linux kernel cannot migrate pages used by the kernel. As a result,
kernel pages cannot be hot-removed. So we cannot allocate hotpluggable
memory for the kernel.
ACPI SRAT (System Resource Affinity Table) contains the memory hotplug
info. But before SRAT is parsed, memblock has already started to allocate
memory for the kernel. So we need to prevent memblock from doing this.
In a memory hotplug system, any numa node the kernel resides in should be
unhotpluggable. And for a modern server, each node could have at least
16GB memory. So memory around the kernel image is highly likely
unhotpluggable.
So the basic idea is: Allocate memory from the end of the kernel image and
to the higher memory. Since memory allocation before SRAT is parsed won't
be too much, it could highly likely be in the same node with kernel image.
The current memblock can only allocate memory top-down. So this patch
introduces a new bottom-up allocation mode to allocate memory bottom-up.
And later when we use this allocation direction to allocate memory, we
will limit the start address above the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
[Problem]
The current Linux cannot migrate pages used by the kernel because of the
kernel direct mapping. In Linux kernel space, va = pa + PAGE_OFFSET.
When the pa is changed, we cannot simply update the pagetable and keep the
va unmodified. So the kernel pages are not migratable.
There are also some other issues will cause the kernel pages not
migratable. For example, the physical address may be cached somewhere and
will be used. It is not to update all the caches.
When doing memory hotplug in Linux, we first migrate all the pages in one
memory device somewhere else, and then remove the device. But if pages
are used by the kernel, they are not migratable. As a result, memory used
by the kernel cannot be hot-removed.
Modifying the kernel direct mapping mechanism is too difficult to do. And
it may cause the kernel performance down and unstable. So we use the
following way to do memory hotplug.
[What we are doing]
In Linux, memory in one numa node is divided into several zones. One of
the zones is ZONE_MOVABLE, which the kernel won't use.
In order to implement memory hotplug in Linux, we are going to arrange all
hotpluggable memory in ZONE_MOVABLE so that the kernel won't use these
memory. To do this, we need ACPI's help.
In ACPI, SRAT(System Resource Affinity Table) contains NUMA info. The
memory affinities in SRAT record every memory range in the system, and
also, flags specifying if the memory range is hotpluggable. (Please refer
to ACPI spec 5.0 5.2.16)
With the help of SRAT, we have to do the following two things to achieve our
goal:
1. When doing memory hot-add, allow the users arranging hotpluggable as
ZONE_MOVABLE.
(This has been done by the MOVABLE_NODE functionality in Linux.)
2. when the system is booting, prevent bootmem allocator from allocating
hotpluggable memory for the kernel before the memory initialization
finishes.
The problem 2 is the key problem we are going to solve. But before solving it,
we need some preparation. Please see below.
[Preparation]
Bootloader has to load the kernel image into memory. And this memory must
be unhotpluggable. We cannot prevent this anyway. So in a memory hotplug
system, we can assume any node the kernel resides in is not hotpluggable.
Before SRAT is parsed, we don't know which memory ranges are hotpluggable.
But memblock has already started to work. In the current kernel,
memblock allocates the following memory before SRAT is parsed:
setup_arch()
|->memblock_x86_fill() /* memblock is ready */
|......
|->early_reserve_e820_mpc_new() /* allocate memory under 1MB */
|->reserve_real_mode() /* allocate memory under 1MB */
|->init_mem_mapping() /* allocate page tables, about 2MB to map 1GB memory */
|->dma_contiguous_reserve() /* specified by user, should be low */
|->setup_log_buf() /* specified by user, several mega bytes */
|->relocate_initrd() /* could be large, but will be freed after boot, should reorder */
|->acpi_initrd_override() /* several mega bytes */
|->reserve_crashkernel() /* could be large, should reorder */
|......
|->initmem_init() /* Parse SRAT */
According to Tejun's advice, before SRAT is parsed, we should try our best
to allocate memory near the kernel image. Since the whole node the kernel
resides in won't be hotpluggable, and for a modern server, a node may have
at least 16GB memory, allocating several mega bytes memory around the
kernel image won't cross to hotpluggable memory.
[About this patchset]
So this patchset is the preparation for the problem 2 that we want to
solve. It does the following:
1. Make memblock be able to allocate memory bottom up.
1) Keep all the memblock APIs' prototype unmodified.
2) When the direction is bottom up, keep the start address greater than the
end of kernel image.
2. Improve init_mem_mapping() to support allocate page tables in
bottom up direction.
3. Introduce "movable_node" boot option to enable and disable this
functionality.
This patch (of 6):
Create a new function __memblock_find_range_top_down to factor out of
top-down allocation from memblock_find_in_range_node. This is a
preparation because we will introduce a new bottom-up allocation mode in
the following patch.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Johannes Weiner