Add a flag which causes page-types to use the kernels's idle page
tracking to mark pages idle. As the tool already prints the idle flag
if set, subsequent runs will show which pages have been accessed since
last run.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify mark_page_idle()]
[chansen3@cisco.com: reorganize mark_page_idle() logic, add docs]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180706172237.21691-1-chansen3@cisco.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180612153223.13174-1-chansen3@cisco.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Hansen <chansen3@cisco.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a new flag that will read kpagecount for each PFN and print out the
number of times the page is mapped along with the flags in the listing
view.
This information is useful in understanding and optimizing memory usage.
Identifying pages which are not shared allows us to focus on adjusting
the memory layout or access patterns for the sole owning process.
Knowing the number of processes that share a page tells us how many
other times we must make the same adjustments or how many processes to
potentially disable.
Truncated sample output:
voffset map-cnt offset len flags
561a3591e 1 15fe8 1 ___U_lA____Ma_b___________________________
561a3591f 1 2b103 1 ___U_lA____Ma_b___________________________
561a36ca4 1 2cc78 1 ___U_lA____Ma_b___________________________
7f588bb4e 14 2273c 1 __RU_lA____M______________________________
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[chansen3@cisco.com: add documentation, tweak whitespace]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180705181204.5529-1-chansen3@cisco.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180612153205.12879-1-chansen3@cisco.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Hansen <chansen3@cisco.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Define a new PageTable bit in the page_type and use it to mark pages in
use as page tables. This can be helpful when debugging crashdumps or
analysing memory fragmentation. Add a KPF flag to report these pages to
userspace and update page-types.c to interpret that flag.
Note that only pages currently accounted as NR_PAGETABLES are tracked as
PageTable; this does not include pgd/p4d/pud/pmd pages. Those will be the
subject of a later patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180518194519.3820-4-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently a number of Makefiles break when used with toolchains that
pass extra flags in CC and other cross-compile related variables (such
as --sysroot).
Thus we get this error when we use a toolchain that puts --sysroot in
the CC var:
~/src/linux/tools$ make iio
[snip]
iio_event_monitor.c:18:10: fatal error: unistd.h: No such file or directory
#include <unistd.h>
^~~~~~~~~~
This occurs because we clobber several env vars related to
cross-compiling with lines like this:
CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
Although this will point to a valid cross-compiler, we lose any extra
flags that might exist in the CC variable, which can break toolchains
that rely on them (for example, those that use --sysroot).
This easily shows up using a Yocto SDK:
$ . [snip]/sdk/environment-setup-cortexa8hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi
$ echo $CC
arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard
-mcpu=cortex-a8
--sysroot=[snip]/sdk/sysroots/cortexa8hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi
$ echo $CROSS_COMPILE
arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-
$ echo ${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc
krm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc
Although arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc is a cross-compiler, we've lost the
--sysroot and other flags that enable us to find the right libraries to
link against, so we can't find unistd.h and other libraries and headers.
Normally with the --sysroot flag we would find unistd.h in the sdk
directory in the sysroot:
$ find [snip]/sdk/sysroots -path '*/usr/include/unistd.h'
[snip]/sdk/sysroots/cortexa8hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi/usr/include/unistd.h
The perf Makefile adds CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc if and only if CC is not
already set, and it compiles correctly with the above toolchain.
So, generalize the logic that perf uses in the common Makefile and
remove the manual CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc lines from each Makefile.
Note that this patch does not fix cross-compile for all the tools (some
have other bugs), but it does fix it for all except usb and acpi, which
still have other unrelated issues.
I tested both with and without the patch on native and cross-build and
there appear to be no regressions.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180107214028.23771-1-martin@martingkelly.com
Signed-off-by: Martin Kelly <martin@martingkelly.com>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
Cc: Jonathan Cameron <jic23@kernel.org>
Cc: Pali Rohar <pali.rohar@gmail.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Jacek Anaszewski <jacek.anaszewski@gmail.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Robert Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Cc: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Valentina Manea <valentina.manea.m@gmail.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@dell.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page-types currently hardcodes /proc/kpageflags as the file to parse.
This works when using the tool to examine the state of pageflags on the
same system, but does not allow storing a snapshot of pageflags at a
given time to debug issues nor on a different system.
This allows the user to specify a saved version of kpageflags with a new
page-types -F option.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add "filename" to fix usage() string]
[rientjes@google.com: fix layout]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1801301840050.140969@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1801301458180.153857@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On some linux distributions, the default link of sh is dash which
deoesn't support split array like "${var//,/ }"
It's better to force to use bash shell directly.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171208093751.GA175471@sofia
Signed-off-by: Liu Changcheng <changcheng.liu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "oom: capture unreclaimable slab info in oom message", v10.
Recently we ran into a oom issue, kernel panic due to no killable
process. The dmesg shows huge unreclaimable slabs used almost 100%
memory, but kdump doesn't capture vmcore due to some reason.
So, it may sound better to capture unreclaimable slab info in oom
message when kernel panic to aid trouble shooting and cover the corner
case. Since kernel already panic, so capturing more information sounds
worthy and doesn't bother normal oom killer.
With the patchset, tools/vm/slabinfo has a new option, "-U", to show
unreclaimable slab only.
And, oom will print all non zero (num_objs * size != 0) unreclaimable
slabs in oom killer message.
This patch (of 3):
Add "-U" option to show unreclaimable slabs only.
"-U" and "-S" together can tell us what unreclaimable slabs use the most
memory to help debug huge unreclaimable slabs issue.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1507152550-46205-2-git-send-email-yang.s@alibaba-inc.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.s@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Currently the tools/vm Makefile has a rather arbitrary implicit build
rule; page-types is the first value in TARGETS so lets just build that
one! Additionally there is no install rule and this is needed for make -C
tools vm_install to work properly.
Provide a more sensible implicit build rule and a new install rule.
Note that the variables names used by the install rule (DESTDIR and
sbindir) are copied from prior-art in tools/power/cpupower.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170113165630.27541-1-daniel.thompson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Page owner will be changed to store more deep stacktrace so current
temporary buffer size isn't enough. Increase it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464230275-25791-5-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The curly braces are missing here so we print stuff unintentionally.
Fixes: 9da4714a2d ('slub: slabinfo update for cmpxchg handling')
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160715211243.GE19522@mwanda
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
trivial fix to spelling mistake
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466672144-831-1-git-send-email-colin.king@canonical.com
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I found that page-types is very slow and my testing shows many timeout
errors. Here's an example with a simple program allocating 1000 thps.
$ time ./page-types -p $(pgrep -f test_alloc)
...
real 0m17.201s
user 0m16.889s
sys 0m0.312s
Most of time is spent in memset(). Currently memset() clears over whole
buffer for every walk_pfn() call, which is inefficient when walk_pfn()
is called from walk_vma(), because in that case walk_pfn() is called for
each pfn. So this patch limits the zero initialization only for the
first element.
$ time ./page-types.patched -p $(pgrep -f test_alloc)
...
real 0m0.182s
user 0m0.046s
sys 0m0.135s
Fixes: 954e95584579 ("tools/vm/page-types.c: add memory cgroup dumping and filtering")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Suggested-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds two command line keys:
-c|--cgroup path|@inode Walk only pages owned by this memory cgroup
-C|--list-cgroup Show memory cgroup inodes
[vdavydov@virtuozzo.com: opt_cgroup should be uint64_t. Fix conflicts with "tools/vm/page-types.c: support swap entry"]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
/proc/pid/pagemap (pte_to_pagemap_entry() internally) already reports
about swap entry, so let's make the in-kernel utility aware of it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLAB_DEBUG_FREE allows expensive consistency checks at free to be turned
on or off. Expand its use to be able to turn off all consistency
checks. This gives a nice speed up if you only want features such as
poisoning or tracing.
Credit to Mathias Krause for the original work which inspired this
series
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
PageIdle is exported in include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h, so let's
make page-types.c tool handle it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
GNUplot `slabinfo -X' stats, collected, for example, using the
following command:
while [ 1 ]; do slabinfo -X >> stats; sleep 1; done
`slabinfo-gnuplot.sh stats' pre-processes collected records
and generate graphs (totals, slabs sorted by size, slabs
sorted by size).
Graphs can be [individually] regenerate with different samples
range and graph width-heigh (-r %d,%d and -s %d,%d options).
To visually compare N `totals' graphs:
slabinfo-gnuplot.sh -t FILE1-totals FILE2-totals ... FILEN-totals
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
checkpatch.pl complains about globals being explicitly zeroed
out: "ERROR: do not initialise globals to 0 or NULL".
New globals, introduced in this patch set, have no explicit 0
initialization; clean up the old ones to make it less hairy.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix mismatches between usage() output and real opts[] options. Add
missing alternative opt names, e.g., '-S' had no '--Size' opts[] entry,
etc.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce opt "-L|--sort-loss" to sort and output slabs by
loss (waste) in slabcache().
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce opt "-N|--lines=K" to limit the number of slabs
being reported in output_slabs().
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset adds 'extended' slabinfo mode that provides additional
information:
-- totals summary
-- slabs sorted by size
-- slabs sorted by loss (waste)
The patches also introduces several new slabinfo options to limit the
number of slabs reported, sort slabs by loss (waste); and some fixes.
Extended output example (slabinfo -X -N 2):
Slabcache Totals
----------------
Slabcaches : 91 Aliases : 119->69 Active: 63
Memory used: 199798784 # Loss : 10689376 MRatio: 5%
# Objects : 324301 # PartObj: 18151 ORatio: 5%
Per Cache Average Min Max Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#Objects 5147 1 89068 324301
#Slabs 199 1 3886 12537
#PartSlab 12 0 240 778
%PartSlab 32% 0% 100% 6%
PartObjs 5 0 4569 18151
% PartObj 26% 0% 100% 5%
Memory 3171409 8192 127336448 199798784
Used 3001736 160 121429728 189109408
Loss 169672 0 5906720 10689376
Per Object Average Min Max
-----------------------------------------------------------
Memory 585 8 8192
User 583 8 8192
Loss 2 0 64
Slabs sorted by size
--------------------
Name Objects Objsize Space Slabs/Part/Cpu O/S O %Fr %Ef Flg
ext4_inode_cache 69948 1736 127336448 3871/0/15 18 3 0 95 a
dentry 89068 288 26058752 3164/0/17 28 1 0 98 a
Slabs sorted by loss
--------------------
Name Objects Objsize Loss Slabs/Part/Cpu O/S O %Fr %Ef Flg
ext4_inode_cache 69948 1736 5906720 3871/0/15 18 3 0 95 a
inode_cache 11628 864 537472 642/0/4 18 2 0 94 a
The last patch in the series addresses Linus' comment from
http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=144148518703321&w=2
(well, it's been some time. sorry.)
gnuplot script takes the slabinfo records file, where every record is a `slabinfo -X'
output. So the basic workflow is, for example, as follows:
while [ 1 ]; do slabinfo -X -N 2 >> stats; sleep 1; done
^C
slabinfo-gnuplot.sh stats
The last command will produce 3 png files (and 3 stats files)
-- graph of slabinfo totals
-- graph of slabs by size
-- graph of slabs by loss
It's also possible to select a range of records for plotting (a range of collected
slabinfo outputs) via `-r 10,100` (for example); and compare totals from several
measurements (to visially compare slabs behaviour (10,50 range)) using
pre-parsed totals files:
slabinfo-gnuplot.sh -r 10,50 -t stats-totals1 .. stats-totals2
This also, technically, supports ktest. Upload new slabinfo to target,
collect the stats and give the resulting stats file to slabinfo-gnuplot
This patch (of 8):
Use getopt constants in `struct option' ->has_arg instead of numerical
representations.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There were some changes in how this debugfs mounting helper is
implemented/exported and we forgot to check if there were other users
besides perf, fix it.
Need to do a make -C tools/ everytime we do changes to
tools/{lib,include} and other places where we're moving things from
tools/perf/ to be used by other tools/ living code.
Fixed:
$ make -C tools/vm
make: Entering directory '/home/git/linux/tools/vm'
make -C ../lib/api
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/git/linux/tools/lib/api'
CC fd/array.o
LD fd/libapi-in.o
CC fs/fs.o
CC fs/tracing_path.o
LD fs/libapi-in.o
CC cpu.o
LD libapi-in.o
AR libapi.a
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/git/linux/tools/lib/api'
gcc -Wall -Wextra -I../lib/ -o page-types page-types.c ../lib/api/libapi.a
make: Leaving directory '/home/git/linux/tools/vm'
$
Reported-by: Vinson Lee <vlee@twopensource.com>
Tested-by: Vinson Lee <vlee@twopensource.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Fixes: 60a1133a5b ("tools lib api fs: Remove debugfs, tracefs and findfs objects")
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch sets bit 56 in pagemap if this page is mapped only once. It
allows to detect exclusively used pages without exposing PFN:
present file exclusive state
0 0 0 non-present
1 1 0 file page mapped somewhere else
1 1 1 file page mapped only here
1 0 0 anon non-CoWed page (shared with parent/child)
1 0 1 anon CoWed page (or never forked)
CoWed pages in (MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE) areas are anon in this context.
MMap-exclusive bit doesn't reflect potential page-sharing via swapcache:
page could be mapped once but has several swap-ptes which point to it.
Application could detect that by swap bit in pagemap entry and touch that
pte via /proc/pid/mem to get real information.
See http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAEVpBa+_RyACkhODZrRvQLs80iy0sqpdrd0AaP_-tgnX3Y9yNQ@mail.gmail.com
Requested by Mark Williamson.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Tested-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch removes page-shift bits (scheduled to remove since 3.11) and
completes migration to the new bit layout. Also it cleans messy macro.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Tested-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
libabikfs.a doesn't exist anymore, so we now need to link with libapi.a.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add KPF_ZERO_PAGE flag for zero_page, so that userspace processes can
detect zero_page in /proc/kpageflags, and then do memory analysis more
accurately.
Signed-off-by: Yalin Wang <yalin.wang@sonymobile.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the page owner tracking code which is introduced so far ago. It
is resident on Andrew's tree, though, nobody tried to upstream so it
remain as is. Our company uses this feature actively to debug memory leak
or to find a memory hogger so I decide to upstream this feature.
This functionality help us to know who allocates the page. When
allocating a page, we store some information about allocation in extra
memory. Later, if we need to know status of all pages, we can get and
analyze it from this stored information.
In previous version of this feature, extra memory is statically defined in
struct page, but, in this version, extra memory is allocated outside of
struct page. It enables us to turn on/off this feature at boottime
without considerable memory waste.
Although we already have tracepoint for tracing page allocation/free,
using it to analyze page owner is rather complex. We need to enlarge the
trace buffer for preventing overlapping until userspace program launched.
And, launched program continually dump out the trace buffer for later
analysis and it would change system behaviour with more possibility rather
than just keeping it in memory, so bad for debug.
Moreover, we can use page_owner feature further for various purposes. For
example, we can use it for fragmentation statistics implemented in this
patch. And, I also plan to implement some CMA failure debugging feature
using this interface.
I'd like to give the credit for all developers contributed this feature,
but, it's not easy because I don't know exact history. Sorry about that.
Below is people who has "Signed-off-by" in the patches in Andrew's tree.
Contributor:
Alexander Nyberg <alexn@dsv.su.se>
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Always mark pages with PageBalloon even if balloon compaction is disabled
and expose this mark in /proc/kpageflags as KPF_BALLOON.
Also this patch adds three counters into /proc/vmstat: "balloon_inflate",
"balloon_deflate" and "balloon_migrate". They accumulate balloon
activity. Current size of balloon is (balloon_inflate - balloon_deflate)
pages.
All generic balloon code now gathered under option CONFIG_MEMORY_BALLOON.
It should be selected by ballooning driver which wants use this feature.
Currently virtio-balloon is the only user.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <k.khlebnikov@samsung.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Recently added page-cache dumping is known to be a little bit racy.
But after race with truncate it just dies due to unhandled SIGBUS
when it tries to poke pages beyond the new end of file.
This patch adds handler for SIGBUS which skips the rest of the file.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After this patch 'page-types' can walk over a file's mappings and
analyze populated page cache pages mostly without disturbing its state.
It maps chunk of file, marks VMA as MADV_RANDOM to turn off readahead,
pokes VMA via mincore() to determine cached pages, triggers page-fault
only for them, and finally gathers information via pagemap/kpageflags.
Before unmap it marks VMA as MADV_SEQUENTIAL for ignoring reference
bits.
usage: page-types -f <path>
If <path> is directory it will analyse all files in all subdirectories.
Symlinks are not followed as well as mount points. Hardlinks aren't
handled, they'll be dumped as many times as they are found. Recursive
walk brings all dentries into dcache and populates page cache of
block-devices aka 'Buffers'.
Probably it's worth to add ioctl for dumping file page cache as array of
PFNs as a replacement for this hackish juggling with
mmap/madvise/mincore/pagemap. Also recursive walk could be replaced
with dumping cached inodes via some ioctl or debugfs interface followed
by openning them via open_by_handle_at, this would fix hardlinks
handling and unneeded population of dcache and buffers. This interface
might be used as data source for constructing readahead plans and for
background optimizations of actively used files.
collateral changes:
+ fix 64-bit LFS: define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS instead of _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
+ replace lseek + read with single pread
+ make show_page_range() reusable after flush
usage example:
~/src/linux/tools/vm$ sudo ./page-types -L -f page-types
foffset offset flags
page-types Inode: 2229277 Size: 89065 (22 pages)
Modify: Tue Feb 25 12:00:59 2014 (162 seconds ago)
Access: Tue Feb 25 12:01:00 2014 (161 seconds ago)
0 3cbf3b __RU_lA____M________________________
1 38946a __RU_lA____M________________________
2 1a3cec __RU_lA____M________________________
3 1a8321 __RU_lA____M________________________
4 3af7cc __RU_lA____M________________________
5 1ed532 __RU_lA_____________________________
6 2e436a __RU_lA_____________________________
7 29a35e ___U_lA_____________________________
8 2de86e ___U_lA_____________________________
9 3bdfb4 ___U_lA_____________________________
10 3cd8a3 ___U_lA_____________________________
11 2afa50 ___U_lA_____________________________
12 2534c2 ___U_lA_____________________________
13 1b7a40 ___U_lA_____________________________
14 17b0be ___U_lA_____________________________
15 392b0c ___U_lA_____________________________
16 3ba46a __RU_lA_____________________________
17 397dc8 ___U_lA_____________________________
18 1f2a36 ___U_lA_____________________________
19 21fd30 __RU_lA_____________________________
20 2c35ba __RU_l______________________________
21 20f181 __RU_l______________________________
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x000000000000002c 2 0 __RU_l______________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
0x0000000000000068 11 0 ___U_lA_____________________________ uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000006c 4 0 __RU_lA_____________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000086c 5 0 __RU_lA____M________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
total 22 0
~/src/linux/tools/vm$ sudo ./page-types -f /
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000000000028 21761 85 ___U_l______________________________ uptodate,lru
0x000000000000002c 127279 497 __RU_l______________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
0x0000000000000068 74160 289 ___U_lA_____________________________ uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000006c 84469 329 __RU_lA_____________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000007c 1 0 __RUDlA_____________________________ referenced,uptodate,dirty,lru,active
0x0000000000000228 370 1 ___U_l___I__________________________ uptodate,lru,reclaim
0x0000000000000828 49 0 ___U_l_____M________________________ uptodate,lru,mmap
0x000000000000082c 126 0 __RU_l_____M________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap
0x0000000000000868 137 0 ___U_lA____M________________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x000000000000086c 12890 50 __RU_lA____M________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
total 321242 1254
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move debugfs.* to api/fs/. We have a common tools/lib/api/ place where
the Makefile lives and then we place the headers in subdirs.
For example, all the fs-related stuff goes to tools/lib/api/fs/ from
which we get libapikfs.a (acme got almost the naming he wanted :-)) and
we link it into the tools which need it - in this case perf and
tools/vm/page-types.
acme:
"Looking at the implementation, I think some tools can even link
directly to the .o files, avoiding the .a file altogether.
But that is just an optimization/finer granularity tools/lib/
cherrypicking that toolers can make use of."
Fixup documentation cleaning target while at it.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <stfomichev@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1386605664-24041-2-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Soft dirty bit allows us to track which pages are written since the last
clear_ref (by "echo 4 > /proc/pid/clear_refs".) This is useful for
userspace applications to know their memory footprints.
Note that the kernel exposes this flag via bit[55] of /proc/pid/pagemap,
and the semantics is not a default one (scheduled to be the default in the
near future.) However, it shifts to the new semantics at the first
clear_ref, and the users of soft dirty bit always do it before utilizing
the bit, so that's not a big deal. Users must avoid relying on the bit in
page-types before the first clear_ref.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page-flags.c had some older version of debugfs_mount copied from perf so
convert it to using the version in the tools library.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1361374353-30385-8-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
There is no .gitignore in tools/vm, so 'git status' always show built
binaries. To ignore this, add .gitignore.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix tools/vm/page-types.c to use the UAPI variant of linux/kernel-page-flags.h
lest the following error appear:
In file included from page-types.c:38:0:
../../include/linux/kernel-page-flags.h:4:42: fatal error:
uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h: No such file or directory
Reported-by: Daniel Hazelton <dshadowwolf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Hazelton <dshadowwolf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
In function slab_stats(), if total_free is equal zero, it will error.
So fix it.
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: majianpeng <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Compiling page-type.c with a recent compiler produces many warnings,
mostly related to signed/unsigned comparisons. This patch cleans up most
of them.
One remaining warning is about an unused parameter. The <compiler.h> file
doesn't define a __unused macro (or the like) yet. This can be addressed
later.
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Programs using /proc/kpageflags need to know about the various flags. The
<linux/kernel-page-flags.h> provides them and the comments in the file
indicate that it is supposed to be used by user-level code. But the file
is not installed.
Install the headers and mark the unstable flags as out-of-bounds. The
page-type tool is also adjusted to not duplicate the definitions
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have tools/vm/ folder for vm tools, so move slabinfo.c from tools/slub/
to tools/vm/
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
tools/ is the better place for vm tools which are used by many people.
Moving them to tools also make them open to more users instead of hide in
Documentation folder.
This patch moves page-types.c to tools/vm/page-types.c. Also add a
Makefile in tools/vm and fix two coding style problems: a) change const
arrary to 'const char * const', b) change a space to tab for indent.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Christian Hansen