This commit reworks the first loop in sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus()
to avoid doing unnecssary stores to other CPUs' rcu_data
structures. This speeds up that first loop by roughly a factor of
two on an old x86 system. In the case where the system is mostly
idle, this loop incurs a large fraction of the overhead of the
synchronize_rcu_expedited(). There is less benefit on busy systems
because the overhead of the smp_call_function_single() in the second
loop dominates in that case.
However, it is not unusual to do configuration chances involving
RCU grace periods (both expedited and normal) while the system is
mostly idle, so this optimization is worth doing.
While we are in the area, this commit also adds parentheses to arguments
used by the for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu() macro.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If a CPU is transitioning to or from offline state, an expedited
grace period may undergo a timed wait. This timed wait can unduly
delay grace periods, so this commit adds a trace statement to make
it visible.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds more tracing of expedited grace periods to enable
improved debugging of slowdowns.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The srcu_funnel_exp_start() function checks to see if the srcu_struct
structure's expedited grace period counter needs updating to reflect a
newly arrived request for an expedited SRCU grace period. Unfortunately,
the check is backwards, so this commit reverses the sense of the test.
Signed-off-by: Ildar Ismagilov <devix84@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commits c0b334c5bf and ea9b0c8a26 introduced new sparse warnings
by accessing rcu_node->lock directly and ignoring the __private
marker. Introduce a new wrapper and use it. Also fix a similar problem
in srcutree.c introduced by a3883df393.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU's nxttail has been optimized to be a rcu_segcblist, which is
a multi-tailed linked list with macros defined for the indexes for
each tail. The indexes have been defined in linux/rcu_segcblist.h,
so this commit removes the redundant definitions in kernel/rcu/tree.h.
Signed-off-by: Liu Changcheng <changcheng.liu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The kernel/rcu/rcu.h file has a pair of consecutive #ifdefs on
CONFIG_TINY_RCU, so this commit consolidates them, thus saving a few
lines of code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It is not always obvious that the stack dump from a starved grace-period
kthread isn't instead that of a CPU stalling the current grace period.
This commit therefore adds a pr_err() flagging these dumps.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The debugfs interface displayed statistics on RCU-pending checks but
this interface has since been removed. This commit therefore removes the
no-longer-used rcu_state structure's ->n_force_qs_lh and ->n_force_qs_ngp
fields along with their updates. (Though the ->n_force_qs_ngp field
was actually not used at all, embarrassingly enough.)
If this information proves necessary in the future, the corresponding
event traces will be added.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The debugfs interface displayed statistics on RCU-pending checks
but this interface has since been removed. This commit therefore
removes the no-longer-used rcu_data structure's ->n_rcu_pending,
->n_rp_core_needs_qs, ->n_rp_report_qs, ->n_rp_cb_ready,
->n_rp_cpu_needs_gp, ->n_rp_gp_completed, ->n_rp_gp_started,
->n_rp_nocb_defer_wakeup, and ->n_rp_need_nothing fields along with
their updates.
If this information proves necessary in the future, the corresponding
event traces will be added.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The debugfs interface displayed statistics on RCU callback invocation but
this interface has since been removed. This commit therefore removes the
no-longer-used rcu_data structure's ->n_cbs_invoked and ->n_nocbs_invoked
fields along with their updates.
If this information proves necessary in the future, the corresponding
event traces will be added.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The debugfs interface displayed statistics on RCU priority boosting,
but this interface has since been removed. This commit therefore
removes the no-longer-used rcu_data structure's ->n_tasks_boosted,
->n_exp_boosts, and ->n_exp_boosts and their updates.
If this information proves necessary in the future, the corresponding
event traces will be added.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y kernels, if the boot parameters indicate that
none of the CPUs should in fact be offloaded, the following somewhat
obtuse message appears:
Offload RCU callbacks from CPUs: .
This commit therefore makes the message at least grammatically correct
in this case:
Offload RCU callbacks from CPUs: (none)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Since rcu_boot_init_percpu_data() is only called at boot time,
there is no data race and spinlock is not needed.
Signed-off-by: Lihao Liang <lianglihao@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This is mostly updates of the usual driver suspects: arcmsr,
scsi_debug, mpt3sas, lpfc, cxlflash, qla2xxx, aacraid, megaraid_sas,
hisi_sas. We also have a rework of the libsas hotplug handling to
make it more robust, a slew of 32 bit time conversions and fixes, and
a host of the usual minor updates and style changes. The biggest
potential for regressions is the libsas hotplug changes, but so far
they seem stable under testing.
Signed-off-by: James E.J. Bottomley <jejb@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Merge tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi
Pull SCSI updates from James Bottomley:
"This is mostly updates of the usual driver suspects: arcmsr,
scsi_debug, mpt3sas, lpfc, cxlflash, qla2xxx, aacraid, megaraid_sas,
hisi_sas.
We also have a rework of the libsas hotplug handling to make it more
robust, a slew of 32 bit time conversions and fixes, and a host of the
usual minor updates and style changes. The biggest potential for
regressions is the libsas hotplug changes, but so far they seem stable
under testing"
* tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi: (313 commits)
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix logo flag for qlt_free_session_done()
scsi: arcmsr: avoid do_gettimeofday
scsi: core: Add VENDOR_SPECIFIC sense code definitions
scsi: qedi: Drop cqe response during connection recovery
scsi: fas216: fix sense buffer initialization
scsi: ibmvfc: Remove unneeded semicolons
scsi: hisi_sas: fix a bug in hisi_sas_dev_gone()
scsi: hisi_sas: directly attached disk LED feature for v2 hw
scsi: hisi_sas: devicetree: bindings: add LED feature for v2 hw
scsi: megaraid_sas: NVMe passthrough command support
scsi: megaraid: use ktime_get_real for firmware time
scsi: fnic: use 64-bit timestamps
scsi: qedf: Fix error return code in __qedf_probe()
scsi: devinfo: fix format of the device list
scsi: qla2xxx: Update driver version to 10.00.00.05-k
scsi: qla2xxx: Add XCB counters to debugfs
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix queue ID for async abort with Multiqueue
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix warning for code intentation in __qla24xx_handle_gpdb_event()
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix warning during port_name debug print
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix warning in qla2x00_async_iocb_timeout()
...
The purpose of torture_runnable is to allow rcutorture and locktorture
to be started and stopped via sysfs when they are built into the kernel
(as in not compiled as loadable modules). However, the 0444 permissions
for both instances of torture_runnable prevent this use case from ever
being put into practice. Given that there have been no complaints
about this deficiency, it is reasonable to conclude that no one actually
makes use of this sysfs capability. The perf_runnable module parameter
for rcuperf is in the same situation.
This commit therefore removes both torture_runnable instances as well
as perf_runnable.
Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit attempts to make a very rare rcutorture failure happen
more often by increasing the fraction of RCU-preempt read-side critical
sections that are preempted.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a torture_preempt_schedule() that is nothingness
in !PREEMPT builds and is preempt_schedule() otherwise. Then
torture_preempt_schedule() is used to eliminate several ugly #ifdefs,
both in rcutorture and in locktorture.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently have_rcu_nocb_mask is used to avoid double allocation of
rcu_nocb_mask during boot up. Due to different representation of
cpumask_var_t on different kernel config CPUMASK=y(or n) it was okay.
But now we have a helper cpumask_available(), which can be utilized
to check whether rcu_nocb_mask has been allocated or not without using
a variable.
Removing the variable also reduces vmlinux size.
Unpatched version:
text data bss dec hex filename
13050393 7852470 14543408 35446271 21cddff vmlinux
Patched version:
text data bss dec hex filename
13050390 7852438 14543408 35446236 21cdddc vmlinux
Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The following statement has for some reason proven non-intuitive:
WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_segcblist_empty(&rdp->cblist) != (count == 0));
This commit therefore adds a comment that states that this warning
usually triggers in response to a double call_rcu(), which is sort
of like a double free. The comment also suggests building with
CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y to track down the double call_rcu().
Reported-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Use of init_rcu_head() and destroy_rcu_head() from modules results in
the following build-time error with CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y:
ERROR: "init_rcu_head" [drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko] undefined!
ERROR: "destroy_rcu_head" [drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko] undefined!
This commit therefore adds EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL() for each to allow them to
be used by GPL-licensed kernel modules.
Reported-by: Bart Van Assche <Bart.VanAssche@wdc.com>
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Invoking queue_delayed_work() while holding a raw spinlock is forbidden
in -rt kernels, which is exactly what __call_srcu() does, indirectly via
srcu_funnel_gp_start(). This commit therefore downgrades Tree SRCU's
locking from raw to non-raw spinlocks, which works because call_srcu()
is not ever called while holding a raw spinlock.
Reported-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The code that checks for non-idle non-nohz_idle-usermode tasks invoking
rcu_eqs_enter() and rcu_eqs_exit() prints a considerable quantity of
helpful information. However, these checks fire rarely, so the extra
complexity is no longer worth it. This commit therefore replaces this
debug code with simple WARN_ON_ONCE() statements.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
There is now only one call to rcu_eqs_exit_common() and there is no other
reason to keep it separate. This commit therefore inlines it into its
sole call site, saving a few lines of code in the process.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
There is now only one call to rcu_eqs_enter_common() and there is no other
reason to keep it separate. This commit therefore inlines it into its
sole call site, saving a few lines of code in the process.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although ->dynticks_nesting is updated only by process level, it is
accessed from hardirq to check for interrupt-from-idle quiescent states.
Store tearing is thus possible, so this commit applies WRITE_ONCE()
to ->dynticks_nesting stores.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The three RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN() calls in rcu_eqs_enter_common() are
redundant with other lockdep checks, so this commit removes them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Because the ->dynticks_nesting field now only contains the process-based
nesting level instead of a value encoding both the process nesting level
and the irq "nesting" level, we no longer need a long long, even on
32-bit systems. This commit therefore changes both the ->dynticks_nesting
and ->dynticks_nmi_nesting fields to long.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that the irq path uses the rcu_nmi_{enter,exit}() algorithm,
rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() may be used from any context. There is
thus no need for rcu_irq_enter_disabled() and for the checks using it.
This commit therefore eliminates rcu_irq_enter_disabled().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that ->dynticks_nesting counts only process-level dyntick-idle
entry and exit, there is no need for the elaborate segmented counter
with its guard fields and overflow checking. This commit therefore
makes ->dynticks_nesting be a simple counter.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU currently uses two different mechanisms for tracking irqs and NMIs.
This is unnecessary complexity: Given that NMIs can nest and given that
RCU's tracking handles such nesting, the NMI tracking mechanism can also
be used to track irqs. This commit therefore defines rcu_irq_enter()
in terms of rcu_nmi_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() in terms of rcu_nmi_exit().
Unfortunately, callers must still distinguish between the irq and NMI
functions because additional actions are taken when an irq interrupts
idle or nohz_full usermode execution, and these actions cannot always
be taken from NMI handlers.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In preparation for merging dyntick-idle irq handling into the NMI
algorithm, clamp ->dynticks_nmi_nesting value to allow for interrupts
that enter but never leave and vice versa.
It is important that the clamping happen outside of the extended quiescent
state. Otherwise, there will be short windows where irqs and NMIs fail
to convince RCU to start watching.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This is a code-motion-only commit that prepares to define rcu_irq_enter()
in terms of rcu_nmi_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() in terms of rcu_irq_exit().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Both extended-quiescent-state entry and exit first update the nesting
counter and then adjust the dyntick-idle state. This means that there
are four states: (1) Both nesting and dyntick idle indicate idle,
(2) Nesting indicates idle but dyntick idle does not, (3) Nesting indicates
non-idle and dyntick idle does not, and (4) Both nesting and dyntick
idle indicate non-idle. This commit simplifies the state space by
eliminating #3, reversing the order of updates on exit from extended
quiescent state.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
NMIs can nest, and store tearing could in theory happen on carries
from one byte to the next. This commit therefore adds the WRITE_ONCE()
macros preventing this.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Pull timer updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"Yet another big pile of changes:
- More year 2038 work from Arnd slowly reaching the point where we
need to think about the syscalls themself.
- A new timer function which allows to conditionally (re)arm a timer
only when it's either not running or the new expiry time is sooner
than the armed expiry time. This allows to use a single timer for
multiple timeout requirements w/o caring about the first expiry
time at the call site.
- A new NMI safe accessor to clock real time for the printk timestamp
work. Can be used by tracing, perf as well if required.
- A large number of timer setup conversions from Kees which got
collected here because either maintainers requested so or they
simply got ignored. As Kees pointed out already there are a few
trivial merge conflicts and some redundant commits which was
unavoidable due to the size of this conversion effort.
- Avoid a redundant iteration in the timer wheel softirq processing.
- Provide a mechanism to treat RTC implementations depending on their
hardware properties, i.e. don't inflict the write at the 0.5
seconds boundary which originates from the PC CMOS RTC to all RTCs.
No functional change as drivers need to be updated separately.
- The usual small updates to core code clocksource drivers. Nothing
really exciting"
* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (111 commits)
timers: Add a function to start/reduce a timer
pstore: Use ktime_get_real_fast_ns() instead of __getnstimeofday()
timer: Prepare to change all DEFINE_TIMER() callbacks
netfilter: ipvs: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
scsi: qla2xxx: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
block/aoe: discover_timer: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
ide: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drbd: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
mailbox: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
crypto: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/pcmcia: omap1: Fix error in automated timer conversion
ARM: footbridge: Fix typo in timer conversion
drivers/sgi-xp: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/pcmcia: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/memstick: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
drivers/macintosh: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
hwrng/xgene-rng: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
auxdisplay: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
sparc/led: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
mips: ip22/32: Convert timers to use timer_setup()
...
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main updates in this cycle were:
- Group balancing enhancements and cleanups (Brendan Jackman)
- Move CPU isolation related functionality into its separate
kernel/sched/isolation.c file, with related 'housekeeping_*()'
namespace and nomenclature et al. (Frederic Weisbecker)
- Improve the interactive/cpu-intense fairness calculation (Josef
Bacik)
- Improve the PELT code and related cleanups (Peter Zijlstra)
- Improve the logic of pick_next_task_fair() (Uladzislau Rezki)
- Improve the RT IPI based balancing logic (Steven Rostedt)
- Various micro-optimizations:
- better !CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG optimizations (Patrick Bellasi)
- better idle loop (Cheng Jian)
- ... plus misc fixes, cleanups and updates"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (54 commits)
sched/core: Optimize sched_feat() for !CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG builds
sched/sysctl: Fix attributes of some extern declarations
sched/isolation: Document isolcpus= boot parameter flags, mark it deprecated
sched/isolation: Add basic isolcpus flags
sched/isolation: Move isolcpus= handling to the housekeeping code
sched/isolation: Handle the nohz_full= parameter
sched/isolation: Introduce housekeeping flags
sched/isolation: Split out new CONFIG_CPU_ISOLATION=y config from CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL
sched/isolation: Rename is_housekeeping_cpu() to housekeeping_cpu()
sched/isolation: Use its own static key
sched/isolation: Make the housekeeping cpumask private
sched/isolation: Provide a dynamic off-case to housekeeping_any_cpu()
sched/isolation, watchdog: Use housekeeping_cpumask() instead of ad-hoc version
sched/isolation: Move housekeeping related code to its own file
sched/idle: Micro-optimize the idle loop
sched/isolcpus: Fix "isolcpus=" boot parameter handling when !CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK
x86/tsc: Append the 'tsc=' description for the 'tsc=unstable' boot parameter
sched/rt: Simplify the IPI based RT balancing logic
block/ioprio: Use a helper to check for RT prio
sched/rt: Add a helper to test for a RT task
...
Pull core locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle are:
- Another attempt at enabling cross-release lockdep dependency
tracking (automatically part of CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=y), this time
with better performance and fewer false positives. (Byungchul Park)
- Introduce lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled()/disabled() and convert
open-coded equivalents to lockdep variants. (Frederic Weisbecker)
- Add down_read_killable() and use it in the VFS's iterate_dir()
method. (Kirill Tkhai)
- Convert remaining uses of ACCESS_ONCE() to
READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE(). Most of the conversion was Coccinelle
driven. (Mark Rutland, Paul E. McKenney)
- Get rid of lockless_dereference(), by strengthening Alpha atomics,
strengthening READ_ONCE() with smp_read_barrier_depends() and thus
being able to convert users of lockless_dereference() to
READ_ONCE(). (Will Deacon)
- Various micro-optimizations:
- better PV qspinlocks (Waiman Long),
- better x86 barriers (Michael S. Tsirkin)
- better x86 refcounts (Kees Cook)
- ... plus other fixes and enhancements. (Borislav Petkov, Juergen
Gross, Miguel Bernal Marin)"
* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (70 commits)
locking/x86: Use LOCK ADD for smp_mb() instead of MFENCE
rcu: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
netpoll: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
timers/posix-cpu-timers: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
sched/clock, sched/cputime: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
irq_work: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
irq/timings: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
perf/core: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
x86: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
smp/core: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
timers/hrtimer: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
timers/nohz: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
workqueue: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
irq/softirqs: Use lockdep to assert IRQs are disabled/enabled
locking/lockdep: Add IRQs disabled/enabled assertion APIs: lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled()/disabled()
locking/pvqspinlock: Implement hybrid PV queued/unfair locks
locking/rwlocks: Fix comments
x86/paravirt: Set up the virt_spin_lock_key after static keys get initialized
block, locking/lockdep: Assign a lock_class per gendisk used for wait_for_completion()
workqueue: Remove now redundant lock acquisitions wrt. workqueue flushes
...
Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle are:
- Documentation updates
- RCU CPU stall-warning updates
- Torture-test updates
- Miscellaneous fixes
Size wise the biggest updates are to documentation. Excluding
documentation most of the code increase comes from a single commit
which expands debugging"
* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits)
srcu: Add parameters to SRCU docbook comments
doc: Rewrite confusing statement about memory barriers
memory-barriers.txt: Fix typo in pairing example
rcu/segcblist: Include rcupdate.h
rcu: Add extended-quiescent-state testing advice
rcu: Suppress lockdep false-positive ->boost_mtx complaints
rcu: Do not include rtmutex_common.h unconditionally
torture: Provide TMPDIR environment variable to specify tmpdir
rcutorture: Dump writer stack if stalled
rcutorture: Add interrupt-disable capability to stall-warning tests
rcu: Suppress RCU CPU stall warnings while dumping trace
rcu: Turn off tracing before dumping trace
rcu: Make RCU CPU stall warnings check for irq-disabled CPUs
sched,rcu: Make cond_resched() provide RCU quiescent state
sched: Make resched_cpu() unconditional
irq_work: Map irq_work_on_queue() to irq_work_on() in !SMP
rcu: Create call_rcu_tasks() kthread at boot time
rcu: Fix up pending cbs check in rcu_prepare_for_idle
memory-barriers: Rework multicopy-atomicity section
memory-barriers: Replace uses of "transitive"
...
Lockdep now has an integrated IRQs disabled/enabled sanity check. Just
use it instead of the ad-hoc RCU version.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David S . Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509980490-4285-15-git-send-email-frederic@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In preparation for unconditionally passing the struct timer_list pointer to
all timer callbacks, switch to using the new timer_setup() and from_timer()
to pass the timer pointer explicitly.
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Before we implement isolcpus under housekeeping, we need the isolation
features to be more finegrained. For example some people want NOHZ_FULL
without the full scheduler isolation, others want full scheduler
isolation without NOHZ_FULL.
So let's cut all these isolation features piecewise, at the risk of
overcutting it right now. We can still merge some flags later if they
always make sense together.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <kernellwp@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509072159-31808-9-git-send-email-frederic@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The housekeeping code is currently tied to the NOHZ code. As we are
planning to make housekeeping independent from it, start with moving
the relevant code to its own file.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <kernellwp@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509072159-31808-2-git-send-email-frederic@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Because many of RCU's files have not been included into docbook, a
number of errors have accumulated. This commit fixes them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The RT build on ARM complains about non-existing ULONG_CMP_LT.
This commit therefore includes rcupdate.h into rcu_segcblist.c.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If you add or remove calls to rcu_idle_enter(), rcu_user_enter(),
rcu_irq_exit(), rcu_irq_exit_irqson(), rcu_idle_exit(), rcu_user_exit(),
rcu_irq_enter(), rcu_irq_enter_irqson(), rcu_nmi_enter(), or
rcu_nmi_exit(), you should run a full set of tests on a kernel built
with CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU priority boosting uses rt_mutex_init_proxy_locked() to initialize an
rt_mutex structure in locked state held by some other task. When that
other task releases it, lockdep complains (quite accurately, but a bit
uselessly) that the other task never acquired it. This complaint can
suppress other, more helpful, lockdep complaints, and in any case it is
a false positive.
This commit therefore switches from rt_mutex_unlock() to
rt_mutex_futex_unlock(), thereby avoiding the lockdep annotations.
Of course, if lockdep ever learns about rt_mutex_init_proxy_locked(),
addtional adjustments will be required.
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adjusts include files and provides definitions in preparation
for suppressing lockdep false-positive ->boost_mtx complaints. Without
this preparation, architectures not supporting rt_mutex will get build
failures.
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Right now, rcutorture warns if an rcu_torture_writer() kthread stalls,
but this warning is not always all that helpful. This commit therefore
makes the first such warning include a stack dump.
This in turn requires that sched_show_task() be exported to GPL modules,
so this commit makes that change as well.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When rcutorture sees the rcutorture.stall_cpu kernel boot parameter,
it loops with preemption disabled, which does in fact normally
generate an RCU CPU stall warning message. However, there are test
scenarios that need the stalling CPU to have interrupts disabled.
This commit therefore adds an rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff kernel
boot parameter that causes the stalling CPU to disable interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, RCU emits Suppress RCU CPU stall warnings during its
automatically initiated ftrace_dump() calls after detecting an error
condition, which can result in excessively excessive console output
and lost trace events. This commit therefore suppresses RCU CPU stall
warnings across any of these ftrace_dump() calls.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, RCU allows tracing to continue when it automatically does
ftrace_dump() after detecting an error condition, which can result in
excessively large traces and lost trace events. This commit therefore
does a tracing_off() before any of these ftrace_dump() calls.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
One common question upon seeing an RCU CPU stall warning is "did
the stalled CPUs have interrupts disabled?" However, the current
stall warnings are silent on this point. This commit therefore
uses irq_work to check whether stalled CPUs still respond to IPIs,
and flags this state in the RCU CPU stall warning console messages.
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
There is some confusion as to which of cond_resched() or
cond_resched_rcu_qs() should be added to long in-kernel loops.
This commit therefore eliminates the decision by adding RCU quiescent
states to cond_resched(). This commit also simplifies the code that
used to interact with cond_resched_rcu_qs(), and that now interacts with
cond_resched(), to reduce its overhead. This reduction is necessary to
allow the heavier-weight cond_resched_rcu_qs() mechanism to be invoked
everywhere that cond_resched() is invoked.
Part of that reduction in overhead converts the jiffies_till_sched_qs
kernel parameter to read-only at runtime, thus eliminating the need for
bounds checking.
Reported-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
[ paulmck: Keep PREEMPT=n cond_resched a no-op, per Peter Zijlstra. ]
Currently the call_rcu_tasks() kthread is created upon first
invocation of call_rcu_tasks(). This has the advantage of avoiding
creation if there are never any invocations of call_rcu_tasks() and of
synchronize_rcu_tasks(), but it requires an unreliable heuristic to
determine when it is safe to create the kthread. For example, it is
not safe to create the kthread when call_rcu_tasks() is invoked with
a spinlock held, but there is no good way to detect this in !PREEMPT
kernels.
This commit therefore creates this kthread unconditionally at
core_initcall() time. If you don't want this kthread created, then
build with CONFIG_TASKS_RCU=n.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The pending-callbacks check in rcu_prepare_for_idle() is backwards.
It should accelerate if there are pending callbacks, but the check
rather uselessly accelerates only if there are no callbacks. This commit
therefore inverts this check.
Fixes: 15fecf89e4 ("srcu: Abstract multi-tail callback list handling")
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.12.x
- A memory fix with left over code from spliting out ftrace_ops
and function graph tracer, where the function graph tracer could
reset the trampoline pointer, leaving the old trampoline not to
be freed (memory leak).
- The update to Paul's patch that added the unnecessary READ_ONCE().
This removes the unnecessary READ_ONCE() instead of having to rebase
the branch to update the patch that added it.
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Merge tag 'trace-v4.14-rc1-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing fixlets from Steven Rostedt:
"Two updates:
- A memory fix with left over code from spliting out ftrace_ops and
function graph tracer, where the function graph tracer could reset
the trampoline pointer, leaving the old trampoline not to be freed
(memory leak).
- The update to Paul's patch that added the unnecessary READ_ONCE().
This removes the unnecessary READ_ONCE() instead of having to
rebase the branch to update the patch that added it"
* tag 'trace-v4.14-rc1-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
rcu: Remove extraneous READ_ONCE()s from rcu_irq_{enter,exit}()
ftrace: Fix kmemleak in unregister_ftrace_graph
The read of ->dynticks_nmi_nesting in rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit()
is currently protected with READ_ONCE(). However, this protection is
unnecessary because (1) ->dynticks_nmi_nesting is updated only by the
current CPU, (2) Although NMI handlers can update this field, they reset
it back to its old value before return, and (3) Interrupts are disabled,
so nothing else can modify it. The value of ->dynticks_nmi_nesting is
thus effectively constant, and so no protection is required.
This commit therefore removes the READ_ONCE() protection from these
two accesses.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170926031902.GA2074@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
has been pointing out constant problems. The changes have been going into
the stack tracer, but it has been discovered that the problem isn't
with the stack tracer itself, but it is with calling save_stack_trace()
from within the internals of RCU. The stack tracer is the one that
can trigger the issue the easiest, but examining the problem further,
it could also happen from a WARN() in the wrong place, or even if
an NMI happened in this area and it did an rcu_read_lock().
The critical area is where RCU is not watching. Which can happen while
going to and from idle, or bringing up or taking down a CPU.
The final fix was to put the protection in kernel_text_address() as it
is the one that requires RCU to be watching while doing the stack trace.
To make this work properly, Paul had to allow rcu_irq_enter() happen after
rcu_nmi_enter(). This should have been done anyway, since an NMI can
page fault (reading vmalloc area), and a page fault triggers rcu_irq_enter().
One patch is just a consolidation of code so that the fix only needed
to be done in one location.
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Merge tag 'trace-v4.14-rc1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:
"Stack tracing and RCU has been having issues with each other and
lockdep has been pointing out constant problems.
The changes have been going into the stack tracer, but it has been
discovered that the problem isn't with the stack tracer itself, but it
is with calling save_stack_trace() from within the internals of RCU.
The stack tracer is the one that can trigger the issue the easiest,
but examining the problem further, it could also happen from a WARN()
in the wrong place, or even if an NMI happened in this area and it did
an rcu_read_lock().
The critical area is where RCU is not watching. Which can happen while
going to and from idle, or bringing up or taking down a CPU.
The final fix was to put the protection in kernel_text_address() as it
is the one that requires RCU to be watching while doing the stack
trace.
To make this work properly, Paul had to allow rcu_irq_enter() happen
after rcu_nmi_enter(). This should have been done anyway, since an NMI
can page fault (reading vmalloc area), and a page fault triggers
rcu_irq_enter().
One patch is just a consolidation of code so that the fix only needed
to be done in one location"
* tag 'trace-v4.14-rc1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
tracing: Remove RCU work arounds from stack tracer
extable: Enable RCU if it is not watching in kernel_text_address()
extable: Consolidate *kernel_text_address() functions
rcu: Allow for page faults in NMI handlers
A number of architecture invoke rcu_irq_enter() on exception entry in
order to allow RCU read-side critical sections in the exception handler
when the exception is from an idle or nohz_full CPU. This works, at
least unless the exception happens in an NMI handler. In that case,
rcu_nmi_enter() would already have exited the extended quiescent state,
which would mean that rcu_irq_enter() would (incorrectly) cause RCU
to think that it is again in an extended quiescent state. This will
in turn result in lockdep splats in response to later RCU read-side
critical sections.
This commit therefore causes rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() to
take no action if there is an rcu_nmi_enter() in effect, thus avoiding
the unscheduled return to RCU quiescent state. This in turn should
make the kernel safe for on-demand RCU voyeurism.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170922211022.GA18084@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 0be964be0 ("module: Sanitize RCU usage and locking")
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
First, number of CPUs can't be negative number.
Second, different signnnedness leads to suboptimal code in the following
cases:
1)
kmalloc(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(X));
"int" has to be sign extended to size_t.
2)
while (loff_t *pos < nr_cpu_ids)
MOVSXD is 1 byte longed than the same MOV.
Other cases exist as well. Basically compiler is told that nr_cpu_ids
can't be negative which can't be deduced if it is "int".
Code savings on allyesconfig kernel: -3KB
add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 25/264 up/down: 261/-3631 (-3370)
function old new delta
coretemp_cpu_online 450 512 +62
rcu_init_one 1234 1272 +38
pci_device_probe 374 399 +25
...
pgdat_reclaimable_pages 628 556 -72
select_fallback_rq 446 369 -77
task_numa_find_cpu 1923 1807 -116
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170819114959.GA30580@avx2
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The rcu_idle_exit() and rcu_idle_enter() functions are exported because
they were originally used by RCU_NONIDLE(), which was intended to
be usable from modules. However, RCU_NONIDLE() now instead uses
rcu_irq_enter_irqson() and rcu_irq_exit_irqson(), which are not
exported, and there have been no complaints.
This commit therefore removes the exports from rcu_idle_exit() and
rcu_idle_enter().
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
All current callers of rcu_idle_enter() have irqs disabled, and
rcu_idle_enter() relies on this, but doesn't check. This commit
therefore adds a RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN() to add some verification to the trust.
While we are there, pass "true" rather than "1" to rcu_eqs_enter().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
All callers to rcu_idle_enter() have irqs disabled, so there is no
point in rcu_idle_enter disabling them again. This commit therefore
replaces the irq disabling with a RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN().
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds assertions verifying the consistency of the rcu_node
structure's ->blkd_tasks list and its ->gp_tasks, ->exp_tasks, and
->boost_tasks pointers. In particular, the ->blkd_tasks lists must be
empty except for leaf rcu_node structures.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Set disable_rcu_irq_enter on not only rcu_eqs_enter_common() but also
rcu_eqs_exit(), since rcu_eqs_exit() suffers from the same issue as was
fixed for rcu_eqs_enter_common() by commit 03ecd3f48e ("rcu/tracing:
Add rcu_disabled to denote when rcu_irq_enter() will not work").
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The _rcu_barrier_trace() function is a wrapper for trace_rcu_barrier(),
which needs TPS() protection for strings passed through the second
argument. However, it has escaped prior TPS()-ification efforts because
it _rcu_barrier_trace() does not start with "trace_". This commit
therefore adds the needed TPS() protection
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
These RCU waits were set to use interruptible waits to avoid the kthreads
contributing to system load average, even though they are not interruptible
as they are spawned from a kthread. Use the new TASK_IDLE swaits which makes
our goal clear, and removes confusion about these paths possibly being
interruptible -- they are not.
When the system is idle the RCU grace-period kthread will spend all its time
blocked inside the swait_event_interruptible(). If the interruptible() was
not used, then this kthread would contribute to the load average. This means
that an idle system would have a load average of 2 (or 3 if PREEMPT=y),
rather than the load average of 0 that almost fifty years of UNIX has
conditioned sysadmins to expect.
The same argument applies to swait_event_interruptible_timeout() use. The
RCU grace-period kthread spends its time blocked inside this call while
waiting for grace periods to complete. In particular, if there was only one
busy CPU, but that CPU was frequently invoking call_rcu(), then the RCU
grace-period kthread would spend almost all its time blocked inside the
swait_event_interruptible_timeout(). This would mean that the load average
would be 2 rather than the expected 1 for the single busy CPU.
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
There is currently event tracing to track when a task is preempted
within a preemptible RCU read-side critical section, and also when that
task subsequently reaches its outermost rcu_read_unlock(), but none
indicating when a new grace period starts when that grace period must
wait on pre-existing readers that have been been preempted at least once
since the beginning of their current RCU read-side critical sections.
This commit therefore adds an event trace at grace-period start in
the case where there are such readers. Note that only the first
reader in the list is traced.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This commit saves a few lines in kernel/rcu/rcu.h by moving to single-line
definitions for trivial functions, instead of the old style where the
two curly braces each get their own line.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Strings used in event tracing need to be specially handled, for example,
using the TPS() macro. Without the TPS() macro, although output looks
fine from within a running kernel, extracting traces from a crash dump
produces garbage instead of strings. This commit therefore adds the TPS()
macro to some unadorned strings that were passed to event-tracing macros.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Currently, the exit-time support for TASKS_RCU is open-coded in do_exit().
This commit creates exit_tasks_rcu_start() and exit_tasks_rcu_finish()
APIs for do_exit() use. This has the benefit of confining the use of the
tasks_rcu_exit_srcu variable to one file, allowing it to become static.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The actual use of TASKS_RCU is only when PREEMPT, otherwise RCU-sched
is used instead. This commit therefore makes synchronize_rcu_tasks()
and call_rcu_tasks() available always, but mapped to synchronize_sched()
and call_rcu_sched(), respectively, when !PREEMPT. This approach also
allows some #ifdefs to be removed from rcutorture.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tree RCU guarantees that every online CPU has a memory barrier between
any given grace period and any of that CPU's RCU read-side sections that
must be ordered against that grace period. Since RCU doesn't always
know where read-side critical sections are, the actual implementation
guarantees order against prior and subsequent non-idle non-offline code,
whether in an RCU read-side critical section or not. As a result, there
does not need to be a memory barrier at the end of synchronize_rcu()
and friends because the ordering internal to the grace period has
ordered every CPU's post-grace-period execution against each CPU's
pre-grace-period execution, again for all non-idle online CPUs.
In contrast, SRCU can have non-idle online CPUs that are completely
uninvolved in a given SRCU grace period, for example, a CPU that
never runs any SRCU read-side critical sections and took no part in
the grace-period processing. It is in theory possible for a given
synchronize_srcu()'s wakeup to be delivered to a CPU that was completely
uninvolved in the prior SRCU grace period, which could mean that the
code following that synchronize_srcu() would end up being unordered with
respect to both the grace period and any pre-existing SRCU read-side
critical sections.
This commit therefore adds an smp_mb() to the end of __synchronize_srcu(),
which prevents this scenario from occurring.
Reported-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.12.x
After adopting callbacks from a newly offlined CPU, the adopting CPU
checks to make sure that its callback list's count is zero only if the
list has no callbacks and vice versa. Unfortunately, it does so after
enabling interrupts, which means that false positives are possible due to
interrupt handlers invoking call_rcu(). Although these false positives
are improbable, rcutorture did make it happen once.
This commit therefore moves this check to an irq-disabled region of code,
thus suppressing the false positive.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Given changes to callback migration, rcu_cblist_head(),
rcu_cblist_tail(), rcu_cblist_count_cbs(), rcu_segcblist_segempty(),
rcu_segcblist_dequeued_lazy(), and rcu_segcblist_new_cbs() are
no longer used. This commit therefore removes them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Given that the rcu_state structure's >orphan_pend and ->orphan_done
fields are used only during migration of callbacks from the recently
offlined CPU to a surviving CPU, if rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage() and
rcu_adopt_orphan_cbs() are combined, these fields can become local
variables in the combined function. This commit therefore combines
rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage() and rcu_adopt_orphan_cbs() into a new
rcu_segcblist_merge() function and removes the ->orphan_pend and
->orphan_done fields.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When migrating callbacks from a newly offlined CPU, we are already
holding the root rcu_node structure's lock, so it costs almost nothing
to advance and accelerate the newly migrated callbacks. This patch
therefore makes this advancing and acceleration happen.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The ->orphan_lock is acquired and released only within the
rcu_migrate_callbacks() function, which now acquires the root rcu_node
structure's ->lock. This commit therefore eliminates the ->orphan_lock
in favor of the root rcu_node structure's ->lock.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It is possible that the outgoing CPU is unaware of recent grace periods,
and so it is also possible that some of its pending callbacks are actually
ready to be invoked. The current callback-migration code would needlessly
force these callbacks to pass through another grace period. This commit
therefore invokes rcu_advance_cbs() on the outgoing CPU's callbacks in
order to give them full credit for having passed through any recent
grace periods.
This also fixes an odd theoretical bug where there are no callbacks in
the system except for those on the outgoing CPU, none of those callbacks
have yet been associated with a grace-period number, there is never again
another callback registered, and the surviving CPU never again takes a
scheduling-clock interrupt, never goes idle, and never enters nohz_full
userspace execution. Yes, this is (just barely) possible. It requires
that the surviving CPU be a nohz_full CPU, that its scheduler-clock
interrupt be shut off, and that it loop forever in the kernel. You get
bonus points if you can make this one happen! ;-)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU's CPU-hotplug callback-migration code first moves the outgoing
CPU's callbacks to ->orphan_done and ->orphan_pend, and only then
moves them to the NOCB callback list. This commit avoids the
extra step (and simplifies the code) by moving the callbacks directly
from the outgoing CPU's callback list to the NOCB callback list.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current CPU-hotplug RCU-callback-migration code checks
for the source (newly offlined) CPU being a NOCBs CPU down in
rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage(). This commit simplifies callback migration a
bit by moving this check up to rcu_migrate_callbacks(). This commit also
adds a check for the source CPU having no callbacks, which eases analysis
of the rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage() and rcu_adopt_orphan_cbs() functions.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_node structure's ->n_cbs_orphaned and ->n_cbs_adopted fields
are updated, but never read. This commit therefore removes them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The update of the ->expmaskinitnext and of ->ncpus are unsynchronized,
with the value of ->ncpus being incremented long before the corresponding
->expmaskinitnext mask is updated. If an RCU expedited grace period
sees ->ncpus change, it will update the ->expmaskinit masks from the new
->expmaskinitnext masks. But it is possible that ->ncpus has already
been updated, but the ->expmaskinitnext masks still have their old values.
For the current expedited grace period, no harm done. The CPU could not
have been online before the grace period started, so there is no need to
wait for its non-existent pre-existing readers.
But the next RCU expedited grace period is in a world of hurt. The value
of ->ncpus has already been updated, so this grace period will assume
that the ->expmaskinitnext masks have not changed. But they have, and
they won't be taken into account until the next never-been-online CPU
comes online. This means that RCU will be ignoring some CPUs that it
should be paying attention to.
The solution is to update ->ncpus and ->expmaskinitnext while holding
the ->lock for the rcu_node structure containing the ->expmaskinitnext
mask. Because smp_store_release() is now used to update ->ncpus and
smp_load_acquire() is now used to locklessly read it, if the expedited
grace period sees ->ncpus change, then the updating CPU has to
already be holding the corresponding ->lock. Therefore, when the
expedited grace period later acquires that ->lock, it is guaranteed
to see the new value of ->expmaskinitnext.
On the other hand, if the expedited grace period loads ->ncpus just
before an update, earlier full memory barriers guarantee that
the incoming CPU isn't far enough along to be running any RCU readers.
This commit therefore makes the required change.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU callbacks must be migrated away from an outgoing CPU, and this is
done near the end of the CPU-hotplug operation, after the outgoing CPU is
long gone. Unfortunately, this means that other CPU-hotplug callbacks
can execute while the outgoing CPU's callbacks are still immobilized
on the long-gone CPU's callback lists. If any of these CPU-hotplug
callbacks must wait, either directly or indirectly, for the invocation
of any of the immobilized RCU callbacks, the system will hang.
This commit avoids such hangs by migrating the callbacks away from the
outgoing CPU immediately upon its departure, shortly after the return
from __cpu_die() in takedown_cpu(). Thus, RCU is able to advance these
callbacks and invoke them, which allows all the after-the-fact CPU-hotplug
callbacks to wait on these RCU callbacks without risk of a hang.
While in the neighborhood, this commit also moves rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage()
and rcu_adopt_orphan_cbs() under a pre-existing #ifdef to avoid including
dead code on the one hand and to avoid define-without-use warnings on the
other hand.
Reported-by: Jeffrey Hugo <jhugo@codeaurora.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/db9c91f6-1b17-6136-84f0-03c3c2581ab4@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Anna-Maria Gleixner <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
The handling of RCU's no-CBs CPUs has a maintenance headache, namely
that if call_rcu() is invoked with interrupts disabled, the rcuo kthread
wakeup must be defered to a point where we can be sure that scheduler
locks are not held. Of course, there are a lot of code paths leading
from an interrupts-disabled invocation of call_rcu(), and missing any
one of these can result in excessive callback-invocation latency, and
potentially even system hangs.
This commit therefore uses a timer to guarantee that the wakeup will
eventually occur. If one of the deferred-wakeup points kicks in, then
the timer is simply cancelled.
This commit also fixes up an incomplete removal of commits that were
intended to plug remaining exit paths, which should have the added
benefit of reducing the overhead of RCU's context-switch hooks. In
addition, it simplifies leader-to-follower callback-list handoff by
introducing locking. The call_rcu()-to-leader handoff continues to
use atomic operations in order to maintain good real-time latency for
common-case use of call_rcu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Dan Carpenter fix for mod_timer() usage bug found by smatch. ]
The Linux kernel invokes call_rcu() from various interrupt/softirq
handlers, but rcutorture does not. This commit therefore adds this
behavior to rcutorture's repertoire.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit augments the grace-period-kthread starvation debugging
messages by adding the last CPU that ran the kthread.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit removes an unused local variable named ts_rem that is
marked __maybe_unused. Yes, the variable was assigned to, but it
was never used beyond that point, hence not needed.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It appears that at least some of the rcutorture writer stall messages
coincide with unusually long CPU-online operations, for example, no
fewer than 205 seconds in a recent test. It is of course possible that
the writer stall is not unrelated to this unusually long CPU-hotplug
operation, and so this commit adds the rcutorture writer task's CPU to
the stall message to gain more information about this possible connection.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Paul E. McKenney
Ildar Ismagilov
Matthew Wilcox
Liu, Changcheng
Tejun Heo
Lihao Liang
Linus Torvalds
Rakib Mullick
Frederic Weisbecker
Ingo Molnar
Kees Cook
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
Neeraj Upadhyay
Alexey Dobriyan
Peter Zijlstra (Intel)
Masami Hiramatsu
Luis R. Rodriguez