For counting how long an application has been waiting for
(disk) IO, there currently is only the HZ sample driven
information available, while for all other counters in this
class, a high resolution version is available via
CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS.
In order to make an improved bootchart tool possible, we also
need a higher resolution version of the iowait time.
This patch below adds this scheduler statistic to the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <4A64B813.1080506@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
A frequent mistake appears to be to call task_of() on a
scheduler entity that is not actually a task, which can result
in a wild pointer.
Add a check to catch these mistakes.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reflect "active" cpus in the rq->rd->online field, instead of
the online_map.
The motivation is that things that use the root-domain code
(such as cpupri) only care about cpus classified as "active"
anyway. By synchronizing the root-domain state with the active
map, we allow several optimizations.
For instance, we can remove an extra cpumask_and from the
scheduler hotpath by utilizing rq->rd->online (since it is now
a cached version of cpu_active_map & rq->rd->span).
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <20090730145723.25226.24493.stgit@dev.haskins.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The latencytop and sleep accounting code assumes that any
scheduler entity represents a task, this is not so.
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
I spotted two sites that didn't take vruntime wrap-around into
account. Fix these by creating a comparison helper that does do
so.
Signed-off-by: Fabio Checconi <fabio@gandalf.sssup.it>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
One of the isolation modifications for SCHED_IDLE is the
unitization of sleeper credit. However the check for this
assumes that the sched_entity we're placing always belongs to a
task.
This is potentially not true with group scheduling and leaves
us rummaging randomly when we try to pull the policy.
Signed-off-by: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
LKML-Reference: <alpine.DEB.1.00.0907101649570.29914@kitami.corp.google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Access to local variable lw is aliased by usage of pointer load.
Access to pointer load in calc_delta_mine() happens when lw is
already out of scope.
[ Reported by static code analysis. ]
Signed-off-by: Christian Engelmayer <christian.engelmayer@frequentis.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090616103512.0c846e51@frequentis.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: micro-optimization
Under group scheduling we traverse up until we are at common siblings
to make the wakeup comparison on.
At this point however, they should have the same parent so continuing
to check up the tree is redundant.
Signed-off-by: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <alpine.DEB.1.00.0904081520320.30317@kitami.corp.google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Intel reported a 10% regression (mysql+sysbench) on a 16-way machine
with these patches:
1596e29: sched: symmetric sync vs avg_overlap
d942fb6: sched: fix sync wakeups
Revert them.
Reported-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Bisected-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Similar to the previous patch, by not clearing buddies we can select entities
past their run quota, which can increase latency. This means we have to clear
group buddies as well.
Do not use the group clear for pick_next_task(), otherwise that'll get O(n^2).
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
It was noticed that a task could get re-elected past its run quota due to buddy
affinities. This could increase latency a little. Cure it by more aggresively
clearing buddy state.
We do so in two situations:
- when we force preempt
- when we select a buddy to run
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Pawel Dziekonski reported that the openssl benchmark and his
quantum chemistry application both show slowdowns due to the
scheduler under-parallelizing execution.
The reason are pipe wakeups still doing 'sync' wakeups which
overrides the normal buddy wakeup logic - even if waker and
wakee are loosely coupled.
Fix an inversion of logic in the buddy wakeup code.
Reported-by: Pawel Dziekonski <dzieko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Mike's change: 0a582440f "sched: fix sched_slice())" broke group
scheduling by forgetting to reload cfs_rq on each loop.
This patch fixes aim7 regression and specjbb2005 regression becomes
less than 1.5% on 8-core stokley.
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Tested-by: Jayson King <dev@jaysonking.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: fix SCHED_IDLE latency problems
OK, so we have 1 running task A (which is obviously curr and the tree is
equally obviously empty).
'A' nicely chugs along, doing its thing, carrying min_vruntime along as it
goes.
Then some whacko speed freak SCHED_IDLE task gets inserted due to SMP
balancing, which is very likely far right, in that case
update_curr
update_min_vruntime
cfs_rq->rb_leftmost := true (the crazy task sitting in a tree)
vruntime = se->vruntime
and voila, min_vruntime is waaay right of where it ought to be.
OK, so why did I write it like that to begin with...
Aah, yes.
Say we've just dequeued current
schedule
deactivate_task(prev)
dequeue_entity
update_min_vruntime
Then we'll set
vruntime = cfs_rq->min_vruntime;
we find !cfs_rq->curr, but do find someone in the tree. Then we _must_
do vruntime = se->vruntime, because
vruntime = min_vruntime(vruntime := cfs_rq->min_vruntime, se->vruntime)
will not advance vruntime, and cause lags the other way around (which we
fixed with that initial patch: 1af5f730fc
(sched: more accurate min_vruntime accounting).
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Stronger SCHED_IDLE isolation:
- no SCHED_IDLE buddies
- never let SCHED_IDLE preempt on wakeup
- always preempt SCHED_IDLE on wakeup
- limit SLEEPER fairness for SCHED_IDLE.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Prefer tasks that wake other tasks to preempt quickly. This improves
performance because more work is available sooner.
The workload that prompted this patch was a kernel build over NFS4 (for some
curious and not understood reason we had to revert commit:
18de973530 to make any progress at all)
Without this patch a make -j8 bzImage (of x86-64 defconfig) would take
3m30-ish, with this patch we're down to 2m50-ish.
psql-sysbench/mysql-sysbench show a slight improvement in peak performance as
well, tbench and vmark seemed to not care.
It is possible to improve upon the build time (to 2m20-ish) but that seriously
destroys other benchmarks (just shows that there's more room for tinkering).
Much thanks to Mike who put in a lot of effort to benchmark things and proved
a worthy opponent with a competing patch.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'cpus4096-for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (66 commits)
x86: export vector_used_by_percpu_irq
x86: use logical apicid in x2apic_cluster's x2apic_cpu_mask_to_apicid_and()
sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu, fix
x86: fix lguest used_vectors breakage, -v2
x86: fix warning in arch/x86/kernel/io_apic.c
sched: fix warning in kernel/sched.c
sched: move test_sd_parent() to an SMP section of sched.h
sched: add SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE at MC and CPU level for sched_mc>0
sched: activate active load balancing in new idle cpus
sched: bias task wakeups to preferred semi-idle packages
sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu
sched: favour lower logical cpu number for sched_mc balance
sched: framework for sched_mc/smt_power_savings=N
sched: convert BALANCE_FOR_xx_POWER to inline functions
x86: use possible_cpus=NUM to extend the possible cpus allowed
x86: fix cpu_mask_to_apicid_and to include cpu_online_mask
x86: update io_apic.c to the new cpumask code
x86: Introduce topology_core_cpumask()/topology_thread_cpumask()
x86: xen: use smp_call_function_many()
x86: use work_on_cpu in x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_amd_64.c
...
Fixed up trivial conflict in kernel/time/tick-sched.c manually
Impact: fix bad-interactivity buglet
Fix sched_slice() to emit a sane result whether a task is currently
enqueued or not.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Tested-by: Jayson King <dev@jaysonking.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
kernel/sched_fair.c | 30 ++++++++++++------------------
1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
Impact: tweak task wakeup to save power more agressively
Preferred wakeup cpu (from a semi idle package) has been
nominated in find_busiest_group() in the previous patch. Use
this information in sched_mc_preferred_wakeup_cpu in function
wake_idle() to bias task wakeups if the following conditions
are satisfied:
- The present cpu that is trying to wakeup the process is
idle and waking the target process on this cpu will
potentially wakeup a completely idle package
- The previous cpu on which the target process ran is
also idle and hence selecting the previous cpu may
wakeup a semi idle cpu package
- The task being woken up is allowed to run in the
nominated cpu (cpu affinity and restrictions)
Basically if both the current cpu and the previous cpu on
which the task ran is idle, select the nominated cpu from semi
idle cpu package for running the new task that is waking up.
Cache hotness is considered since the actual biasing happens
in wake_idle() only if the application is cache cold.
This technique will effectively move short running bursty jobs in
a mostly idle system.
Wakeup biasing for power savings gets automatically disabled if
system utilisation increases due to the fact that the probability
of finding both this_cpu and prev_cpu idle decreases.
Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: micro-optimization
Skip the hard work when there is none.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: sharpen the wakeup-granularity to always be against current scheduler time
It was possible to do the preemption check against an old time stamp.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: Trivial API conversion
NR_CPUS -> nr_cpu_ids
cpumask_t -> struct cpumask
sizeof(cpumask_t) -> cpumask_size()
cpumask_a = cpumask_b -> cpumask_copy(&cpumask_a, &cpumask_b)
cpu_set() -> cpumask_set_cpu()
first_cpu() -> cpumask_first()
cpumask_of_cpu() -> cpumask_of()
cpus_* -> cpumask_*
There are some FIXMEs where we all archs to complete infrastructure
(patches have been sent):
cpu_coregroup_map -> cpu_coregroup_mask
node_to_cpumask* -> cpumask_of_node
There is also one FIXME where we pass an array of cpumasks to
partition_sched_domains(): this implies knowing the definition of
'struct cpumask' and the size of a cpumask. This will be fixed in a
future patch.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: trivial wrap of member accesses
This eases the transition in the next patch.
We also get rid of a temporary cpumask in find_idlest_cpu() thanks to
for_each_cpu_and, and sched_balance_self() due to getting weight before
setting sd to NULL.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Clear buddies on yield, so that the buddy rules don't schedule them
despite them being placed right-most.
This fixed a performance regression with yield-happy binary JVMs.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Tested-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Impact: scheduling order fix for group scheduling
For each level in the hierarchy, set the buddy to point to the right entity.
Therefore, when we do the hierarchical schedule, we have a fair chance of
ending up where we meant to.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: improve/change/fix wakeup-buddy scheduling
Currently we only have a forward looking buddy, that is, we prefer to
schedule to the task we last woke up, under the presumption that its
going to consume the data we just produced, and therefore will have
cache hot benefits.
This allows co-waking producer/consumer task pairs to run ahead of the
pack for a little while, keeping their cache warm. Without this, we
would interleave all pairs, utterly trashing the cache.
This patch introduces a backward looking buddy, that is, suppose that
in the above scenario, the consumer preempts the producer before it
can go to sleep, we will therefore miss the wakeup from consumer to
producer (its already running, after all), breaking the cycle and
reverting to the cache-trashing interleaved schedule pattern.
The backward buddy will try to schedule back to the task that woke us
up in case the forward buddy is not available, under the assumption
that the last task will be the one with the most cache hot task around
barring current.
This will basically allow a task to continue after it got preempted.
In order to avoid starvation, we allow either buddy to get wakeup_gran
ahead of the pack.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: fix cross-class preemption
Inter-class wakeup preemptions should go on class order.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since we moved wakeup preemption back to virtual time, it makes sense to move
the buddy stuff back as well. The purpose of the buddy scheduling is to allow
a quickly scheduling pair of tasks to run away from the group as far as a
regular busy task would be allowed under wakeup preemption.
This has the advantage that the pair can ping-pong for a while, enjoying
cache-hotness. Without buddy scheduling other tasks would interleave destroying
the cache.
Also, it saves a word in cfs_rq.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The advantage is that vruntime based wakeup preemption has a better
conceptual model. Here wakeup_gran = 0 means: preempt when 'fair'.
Therefore wakeup_gran is the granularity of unfairness we allow in order
to make progress.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Mysql+oltp and pgsql+oltp peaks are still shifted right. The below puts
the peaks back to 1 client/server pair per core.
Use the avg_overlap information to weaken the sync hint.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Mike noticed the current min_vruntime tracking can go wrong and skip the
current task. If the only remaining task in the tree is a nice 19 task
with huge vruntime, new tasks will be inserted too far to the right too,
causing some interactibity issues.
min_vruntime can only change due to the leftmost entry disappearing
(dequeue_entity()), or by the leftmost entry being incremented past the
next entry, which elects a new leftmost (__update_curr())
Due to the current entry not being part of the actual tree, we have to
compare the leftmost tree entry with the current entry, and take the
leftmost of these two.
So create a update_min_vruntime() function that takes computes the
leftmost vruntime in the system (either tree of current) and increases
the cfs_rq->min_vruntime if the computed value is larger than the
previously found min_vruntime. And call this from the two sites we've
identified that can change min_vruntime.
Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: disable the hrtick for now
sched: revert back to per-rq vruntime
sched: fair scheduler should not resched rt tasks
sched: optimize group load balancer
sched: minor fast-path overhead reduction
sched: fix the wrong mask_len, cleanup
sched: kill unused scheduler decl.
sched: fix the wrong mask_len
sched: only update rq->clock while holding rq->lock
a patch from Henrik Austad did this:
>> Do not declare select_task_rq as part of sched_class when CONFIG_SMP is
>> not set.
Peter observed:
> While a proper cleanup, could you do it by re-arranging the methods so
> as to not create an additional ifdef?
Do not declare select_task_rq and some other methods as part of sched_class
when CONFIG_SMP is not set.
Also gather those methods to avoid CONFIG_SMP mess.
Idea-by: Henrik Austad <henrik.austad@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Henrik Austad <henrik@austad.us>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Vatsa rightly points out that having the runqueue weight in the vruntime
calculations can cause unfairness in the face of task joins/leaves.
Suppose: dv = dt * rw / w
Then take 10 tasks t_n, each of similar weight. If the first will run 1
then its vruntime will increase by 10. Now, if the next 8 tasks leave after
having run their 1, then the last task will get a vruntime increase of 2
after having run 1.
Which will leave us with 2 tasks of equal weight and equal runtime, of which
one will not be scheduled for 8/2=4 units of time.
Ergo, we cannot do that and must use: dv = dt / w.
This means we cannot have a global vruntime based on effective priority, but
must instead go back to the vruntime per rq model we started out with.
This patch was lightly tested by doing starting while loops on each nice level
and observing their execution time, and a simple group scenario of 1:2:3 pinned
to a single cpu.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
With use of ftrace Steven noticed that some RT tasks got rescheduled due
to sched_fair interaction.
What happens is that we reprogram the hrtick from enqueue/dequeue_fair_task()
because that can change nr_running, and thus a current tasks ideal runtime.
However, its possible the current task isn't a fair_sched_class task, and thus
doesn't have a hrtick set to change.
Fix this by wrapping those hrtick_start_fair() calls in a hrtick_update()
function, which will check for the right conditions.
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Greetings,
103638d added a bit of avoidable overhead to the fast-path.
Use sysctl_sched_min_granularity instead of sched_slice() to restrict buddy wakeups.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
While looking at the code I wondered why we always do:
sync && avg_overlap < migration_cost
Which is a bit odd, since the overlap test was meant to detect sync wakeups
so using it to specialize sync wakeups doesn't make much sense.
Hence change the code to do:
sync || avg_overlap < migration_cost
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch does following:
o Removes unused variable and argument "rq".
o Optimizes one of the "if" conditions in wake_affine() - i.e. if
"balanced" is true, we need not do rest of the calculations in the
condition.
o If this cpu is same as the previous cpu (on which woken up task
was running when it went to sleep), no need to call wake_affine at all.
Signed-off-by: Amit K Arora <aarora@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
cfs_rq->tasks list is used by the load balancer to iterate
over all the tasks. Currently it holds all the entities
(both task and group entities) because of which there is
a need to check for group entities explicitly during load
balancing. This patch changes the cfs_rq->tasks list to
hold only task entities.
Signed-off-by: Bharata B Rao <bharata@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We should set the buddy even though we might already have the
TIF_RESCHED flag set.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We should not only correct the increment for the initial group, but should
be consistent and do so for all the groups we encounter.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Rework the wakeup preemption to work on real runtime instead of
the virtual runtime. This greatly simplifies the code.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
load_balance_fair() calls rcu_read_lock() but then traverses the list
using the regular list traversal routine. This patch converts the
list traversal to use the _rcu version.
Signed-off-by: Chris Friesen <cfriesen@nortel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Arjan van de Ven
Peter Zijlstra
Gregory Haskins
Fabio Checconi
Paul Turner
Christian Engelmayer
Ingo Molnar
Mike Galbraith
Lin Ming
Wu Fengguang
Linus Torvalds
Vaidyanathan Srinivasan
Rusty Russell
Peter Zijlstra
Li Zefan
Thomas Gleixner
Amit K. Arora
Bharata B Rao
Chris Friesen