The nmask argument to set_mempolicy() is const according to the user-space
header numaif.h, and since the kernel does indeed not modify it, it might
as well be declared const in the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The nmask argument to mbind() is const according to the userspace header
numaif.h, and since the kernel does indeed not modify it, it might as well
be declared const in the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace places where __get_cpu_var() is used for an address calculation
with this_cpu_ptr().
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace ((x) >> PAGE_SHIFT) with the pfn macro.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace ((x) >> PAGE_SHIFT) with the pfn macro.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By calling the device driver to write the page directly, we avoid
allocating a BIO, which allows us to free memory without allocating
memory.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix used-uninitialized bug]
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dheeraj Reddy <dheeraj.reddy@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_endio() takes care of updating all the appropriate page flags once
I/O has finished to a page. Switch to using mapping_set_error() instead
of setting AS_EIO directly; this will handle thin-provisioned devices
correctly.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dheeraj Reddy <dheeraj.reddy@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a loopback NFS mount is active and the backing device for the NFS
mount becomes congested, that can impose throttling delays on the nfsd
threads.
These delays significantly reduce throughput and so the NFS mount remains
congested.
This results in a livelock and the reduced throughput persists.
This livelock has been found in testing with the 'wait_iff_congested'
call, and could possibly be caused by the 'congestion_wait' call.
This livelock is similar to the deadlock which justified the introduction
of PF_LESS_THROTTLE, and the same flag can be used to remove this
livelock.
To minimise the impact of the change, we still throttle nfsd when the
filesystem it is writing to is congested, but not when some separate
filesystem (e.g. the NFS filesystem) is congested.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Migration of misplaced transhuge pages uses page_add_new_anon_rmap() when
putting the page back as it avoided an atomic operations and added the new
page to the correct LRU. A side-effect is that the page gets marked
activated as part of the migration meaning that transhuge and base pages
are treated differently from an aging perspective than base page
migration.
This patch uses page_add_anon_rmap() and putback_lru_page() on completion
of a transhuge migration similar to base page migration. It would require
fewer atomic operations to use lru_cache_add without taking an additional
reference to the page. The downside would be that it's still different to
base page migration and unevictable pages may be added to the wrong LRU
for cleaning up later. Testing of the usual workloads did not show any
adverse impact to the change.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
At present, we have the following mutexes protecting data related to per
memcg kmem caches:
- slab_mutex. This one is held during the whole kmem cache creation
and destruction paths. We also take it when updating per root cache
memcg_caches arrays (see memcg_update_all_caches). As a result, taking
it guarantees there will be no changes to any kmem cache (including per
memcg). Why do we need something else then? The point is it is
private to slab implementation and has some internal dependencies with
other mutexes (get_online_cpus). So we just don't want to rely upon it
and prefer to introduce additional mutexes instead.
- activate_kmem_mutex. Initially it was added to synchronize
initializing kmem limit (memcg_activate_kmem). However, since we can
grow per root cache memcg_caches arrays only on kmem limit
initialization (see memcg_update_all_caches), we also employ it to
protect against memcg_caches arrays relocation (e.g. see
__kmem_cache_destroy_memcg_children).
- We have a convention not to take slab_mutex in memcontrol.c, but we
want to walk over per memcg memcg_slab_caches lists there (e.g. for
destroying all memcg caches on offline). So we have per memcg
slab_caches_mutex's protecting those lists.
The mutexes are taken in the following order:
activate_kmem_mutex -> slab_mutex -> memcg::slab_caches_mutex
Such a syncrhonization scheme has a number of flaws, for instance:
- We can't call kmem_cache_{destroy,shrink} while walking over a
memcg::memcg_slab_caches list due to locking order. As a result, in
mem_cgroup_destroy_all_caches we schedule the
memcg_cache_params::destroy work shrinking and destroying the cache.
- We don't have a mutex to synchronize per memcg caches destruction
between memcg offline (mem_cgroup_destroy_all_caches) and root cache
destruction (__kmem_cache_destroy_memcg_children). Currently we just
don't bother about it.
This patch simplifies it by substituting per memcg slab_caches_mutex's
with the global memcg_slab_mutex. It will be held whenever a new per
memcg cache is created or destroyed, so it protects per root cache
memcg_caches arrays and per memcg memcg_slab_caches lists. The locking
order is following:
activate_kmem_mutex -> memcg_slab_mutex -> slab_mutex
This allows us to call kmem_cache_{create,shrink,destroy} under the
memcg_slab_mutex. As a result, we don't need memcg_cache_params::destroy
work any more - we can simply destroy caches while iterating over a per
memcg slab caches list.
Also using the global mutex simplifies synchronization between concurrent
per memcg caches creation/destruction, e.g. mem_cgroup_destroy_all_caches
vs __kmem_cache_destroy_memcg_children.
The downside of this is that we substitute per-memcg slab_caches_mutex's
with a hummer-like global mutex, but since we already take either the
slab_mutex or the cgroup_mutex along with a memcg::slab_caches_mutex, it
shouldn't hurt concurrency a lot.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we have two pairs of kmemcg-related functions that are called on
slab alloc/free. The first is memcg_{bind,release}_pages that count the
total number of pages allocated on a kmem cache. The second is
memcg_{un}charge_slab that {un}charge slab pages to kmemcg resource
counter. Let's just merge them to keep the code clean.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset is a part of preparations for kmemcg re-parenting. It
targets at simplifying kmemcg work-flows and synchronization.
First, it removes async per memcg cache destruction (see patches 1, 2).
Now caches are only destroyed on memcg offline. That means the caches
that are not empty on memcg offline will be leaked. However, they are
already leaked, because memcg_cache_params::nr_pages normally never drops
to 0 so the destruction work is never scheduled except kmem_cache_shrink
is called explicitly. In the future I'm planning reaping such dead caches
on vmpressure or periodically.
Second, it substitutes per memcg slab_caches_mutex's with the global
memcg_slab_mutex, which should be taken during the whole per memcg cache
creation/destruction path before the slab_mutex (see patch 3). This
greatly simplifies synchronization among various per memcg cache
creation/destruction paths.
I'm still not quite sure about the end picture, in particular I don't know
whether we should reap dead memcgs' kmem caches periodically or try to
merge them with their parents (see https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/20/38 for
more details), but whichever way we choose, this set looks like a
reasonable change to me, because it greatly simplifies kmemcg work-flows
and eases further development.
This patch (of 3):
After a memcg is offlined, we mark its kmem caches that cannot be deleted
right now due to pending objects as dead by setting the
memcg_cache_params::dead flag, so that memcg_release_pages will schedule
cache destruction (memcg_cache_params::destroy) as soon as the last slab
of the cache is freed (memcg_cache_params::nr_pages drops to zero).
I guess the idea was to destroy the caches as soon as possible, i.e.
immediately after freeing the last object. However, it just doesn't work
that way, because kmem caches always preserve some pages for the sake of
performance, so that nr_pages never gets to zero unless the cache is
shrunk explicitly using kmem_cache_shrink. Of course, we could account
the total number of objects on the cache or check if all the slabs
allocated for the cache are empty on kmem_cache_free and schedule
destruction if so, but that would be too costly.
Thus we have a piece of code that works only when we explicitly call
kmem_cache_shrink, but complicates the whole picture a lot. Moreover,
it's racy in fact. For instance, kmem_cache_shrink may free the last slab
and thus schedule cache destruction before it finishes checking that the
cache is empty, which can lead to use-after-free.
So I propose to remove this async cache destruction from
memcg_release_pages, and check if the cache is empty explicitly after
calling kmem_cache_shrink instead. This will simplify things a lot w/o
introducing any functional changes.
And regarding dead memcg caches (i.e. those that are left hanging around
after memcg offline for they have objects), I suppose we should reap them
either periodically or on vmpressure as Glauber suggested initially. I'm
going to implement this later.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Eric has reported that he can see task(s) stuck in memcg OOM handler
regularly. The only way out is to
echo 0 > $GROUP/memory.oom_control
His usecase is:
- Setup a hierarchy with memory and the freezer (disable kernel oom and
have a process watch for oom).
- In that memory cgroup add a process with one thread per cpu.
- In one thread slowly allocate once per second I think it is 16M of ram
and mlock and dirty it (just to force the pages into ram and stay
there).
- When oom is achieved loop:
* attempt to freeze all of the tasks.
* if frozen send every task SIGKILL, unfreeze, remove the directory in
cgroupfs.
Eric has then pinpointed the issue to be memcg specific.
All tasks are sitting on the memcg_oom_waitq when memcg oom is disabled.
Those that have received fatal signal will bypass the charge and should
continue on their way out. The tricky part is that the exit path might
trigger a page fault (e.g. exit_robust_list), thus the memcg charge,
while its memcg is still under OOM because nobody has released any charges
yet.
Unlike with the in-kernel OOM handler the exiting task doesn't get
TIF_MEMDIE set so it doesn't shortcut further charges of the killed task
and falls to the memcg OOM again without any way out of it as there are no
fatal signals pending anymore.
This patch fixes the issue by checking PF_EXITING early in
mem_cgroup_try_charge and bypass the charge same as if it had fatal
signal pending or TIF_MEMDIE set.
Normally exiting tasks (aka not killed) will bypass the charge now but
this should be OK as the task is leaving and will release memory and
increasing the memory pressure just to release it in a moment seems
dubious wasting of cycles. Besides that charges after exit_signals should
be rare.
I am bringing this patch again (rebased on the current mmotm tree). I
hope we can move forward finally. If there is still an opposition then
I would really appreciate a concurrent approach so that we can discuss
alternatives.
http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.stable/77650 is a reference
to the followup discussion when the patch has been dropped from the mmotm
last time.
Reported-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
throttle_direct_reclaim() is meant to trigger during swap-over-network
during which the min watermark is treated as a pfmemalloc reserve. It
throttes on the first node in the zonelist but this is flawed.
The user-visible impact is that a process running on CPU whose local
memory node has no ZONE_NORMAL will stall for prolonged periods of time,
possibly indefintely. This is due to throttle_direct_reclaim thinking the
pfmemalloc reserves are depleted when in fact they don't exist on that
node.
On a NUMA machine running a 32-bit kernel (I know) allocation requests
from CPUs on node 1 would detect no pfmemalloc reserves and the process
gets throttled. This patch adjusts throttling of direct reclaim to
throttle based on the first node in the zonelist that has a usable
ZONE_NORMAL or lower zone.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the first mapping check for vma_link. Move the mutex_lock into the
braces when vma->vm_file is true.
Signed-off-by: Huang Shijie <b32955@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In mm/swap.c, __lru_cache_add() is exported, but actually there are no
users outside this file.
This patch unexports __lru_cache_add(), and makes it static. It also
exports lru_cache_add_file(), as it is use by cifs and fuse, which can
loaded as modules.
Signed-off-by: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Nobody outputs memory addresses in decimal. PFNs are essentially
addresses, and they're gibberish in decimal. Output them in hex.
Also, add the nid and zone name to give a little more context to the
message.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
isolate_freepages() is currently somewhat hard to follow thanks to many
looks like it is related to the 'low_pfn' variable, but in fact it is not.
This patch renames the 'high_pfn' variable to a hopefully less confusing name,
and slightly changes its handling without a functional change. A comment made
obsolete by recent changes is also updated.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: comment fixes, per Minchan]
[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dongjun Shin <d.j.shin@samsung.com>
Cc: Sunghwan Yun <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For the MIGRATE_RESERVE pages, it is useful when they do not get
misplaced on free_list of other migratetype, otherwise they might get
allocated prematurely and e.g. fragment the MIGRATE_RESEVE pageblocks.
While this cannot be avoided completely when allocating new
MIGRATE_RESERVE pageblocks in min_free_kbytes sysctl handler, we should
prevent the misplacement where possible.
Currently, it is possible for the misplacement to happen when a
MIGRATE_RESERVE page is allocated on pcplist through rmqueue_bulk() as a
fallback for other desired migratetype, and then later freed back
through free_pcppages_bulk() without being actually used. This happens
because free_pcppages_bulk() uses get_freepage_migratetype() to choose
the free_list, and rmqueue_bulk() calls set_freepage_migratetype() with
the *desired* migratetype and not the page's original MIGRATE_RESERVE
migratetype.
This patch fixes the problem by moving the call to
set_freepage_migratetype() from rmqueue_bulk() down to
__rmqueue_smallest() and __rmqueue_fallback() where the actual page's
migratetype (e.g. from which free_list the page is taken from) is used.
Note that this migratetype might be different from the pageblock's
migratetype due to freepage stealing decisions. This is OK, as page
stealing never uses MIGRATE_RESERVE as a fallback, and also takes care
to leave all MIGRATE_CMA pages on the correct freelist.
Therefore, as an additional benefit, the call to
get_pageblock_migratetype() from rmqueue_bulk() when CMA is enabled, can
be removed completely. This relies on the fact that MIGRATE_CMA
pageblocks are created only during system init, and the above. The
related is_migrate_isolate() check is also unnecessary, as memory
isolation has other ways to move pages between freelists, and drain pcp
lists containing pages that should be isolated. The buffered_rmqueue()
can also benefit from calling get_freepage_migratetype() instead of
get_pageblock_migratetype().
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Yong-Taek Lee <ytk.lee@samsung.com>
Reported-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: "Wang, Yalin" <Yalin.Wang@sonymobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we create a sl[au]b cache, we allocate kmem_cache_node structures
for each online NUMA node. To handle nodes taken online/offline, we
register memory hotplug notifier and allocate/free kmem_cache_node
corresponding to the node that changes its state for each kmem cache.
To synchronize between the two paths we hold the slab_mutex during both
the cache creationg/destruction path and while tuning per-node parts of
kmem caches in memory hotplug handler, but that's not quite right,
because it does not guarantee that a newly created cache will have all
kmem_cache_nodes initialized in case it races with memory hotplug. For
instance, in case of slub:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
kmem_cache_create: online_pages:
__kmem_cache_create: slab_memory_callback:
slab_mem_going_online_callback:
lock slab_mutex
for each slab_caches list entry
allocate kmem_cache node
unlock slab_mutex
lock slab_mutex
init_kmem_cache_nodes:
for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY)
allocate kmem_cache node
add kmem_cache to slab_caches list
unlock slab_mutex
online_pages (continued):
node_states_set_node
As a result we'll get a kmem cache with not all kmem_cache_nodes
allocated.
To avoid issues like that we should hold get/put_online_mems() during
the whole kmem cache creation/destruction/shrink paths, just like we
deal with cpu hotplug. This patch does the trick.
Note, that after it's applied, there is no need in taking the slab_mutex
for kmem_cache_shrink any more, so it is removed from there.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kmem_cache_{create,destroy,shrink} need to get a stable value of
cpu/node online mask, because they init/destroy/access per-cpu/node
kmem_cache parts, which can be allocated or destroyed on cpu/mem
hotplug. To protect against cpu hotplug, these functions use
{get,put}_online_cpus. However, they do nothing to synchronize with
memory hotplug - taking the slab_mutex does not eliminate the
possibility of race as described in patch 2.
What we need there is something like get_online_cpus, but for memory.
We already have lock_memory_hotplug, which serves for the purpose, but
it's a bit of a hammer right now, because it's backed by a mutex. As a
result, it imposes some limitations to locking order, which are not
desirable, and can't be used just like get_online_cpus. That's why in
patch 1 I substitute it with get/put_online_mems, which work exactly
like get/put_online_cpus except they block not cpu, but memory hotplug.
[ v1 can be found at https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/6/68. I NAK'ed it by
myself, because it used an rw semaphore for get/put_online_mems,
making them dead lock prune. ]
This patch (of 2):
{un}lock_memory_hotplug, which is used to synchronize against memory
hotplug, is currently backed by a mutex, which makes it a bit of a
hammer - threads that only want to get a stable value of online nodes
mask won't be able to proceed concurrently. Also, it imposes some
strong locking ordering rules on it, which narrows down the set of its
usage scenarios.
This patch introduces get/put_online_mems, which are the same as
get/put_online_cpus, but for memory hotplug, i.e. executing a code
inside a get/put_online_mems section will guarantee a stable value of
online nodes, present pages, etc.
lock_memory_hotplug()/unlock_memory_hotplug() are removed altogether.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is only used in slab and should not be used anywhere else so there is
no need in exporting it.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pgdat->reclaim_nodes tracks if a remote node is allowed to be reclaimed
by zone_reclaim due to its distance. As it is expected that
zone_reclaim_mode will be rarely enabled it is unreasonable for all
machines to take a penalty. Fortunately, the zone_reclaim_mode() path
is already slow and it is the path that takes the hit.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When it was introduced, zone_reclaim_mode made sense as NUMA distances
punished and workloads were generally partitioned to fit into a NUMA
node. NUMA machines are now common but few of the workloads are
NUMA-aware and it's routine to see major performance degradation due to
zone_reclaim_mode being enabled but relatively few can identify the
problem.
Those that require zone_reclaim_mode are likely to be able to detect
when it needs to be enabled and tune appropriately so lets have a
sensible default for the bulk of users.
This patch (of 2):
zone_reclaim_mode causes processes to prefer reclaiming memory from
local node instead of spilling over to other nodes. This made sense
initially when NUMA machines were almost exclusively HPC and the
workload was partitioned into nodes. The NUMA penalties were
sufficiently high to justify reclaiming the memory. On current machines
and workloads it is often the case that zone_reclaim_mode destroys
performance but not all users know how to detect this. Favour the
common case and disable it by default. Users that are sophisticated
enough to know they need zone_reclaim_mode will detect it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
HugeTLB is limited to allocating hugepages whose size are less than
MAX_ORDER order. This is so because HugeTLB allocates hugepages via the
buddy allocator. Gigantic pages (that is, pages whose size is greater
than MAX_ORDER order) have to be allocated at boottime.
However, boottime allocation has at least two serious problems. First,
it doesn't support NUMA and second, gigantic pages allocated at boottime
can't be freed.
This commit solves both issues by adding support for allocating gigantic
pages during runtime. It works just like regular sized hugepages,
meaning that the interface in sysfs is the same, it supports NUMA, and
gigantic pages can be freed.
For example, on x86_64 gigantic pages are 1GB big. To allocate two 1G
gigantic pages on node 1, one can do:
# echo 2 > \
/sys/devices/system/node/node1/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
And to free them all:
# echo 0 > \
/sys/devices/system/node/node1/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
The one problem with gigantic page allocation at runtime is that it
can't be serviced by the buddy allocator. To overcome that problem,
this commit scans all zones from a node looking for a large enough
contiguous region. When one is found, it's allocated by using CMA, that
is, we call alloc_contig_range() to do the actual allocation. For
example, on x86_64 we scan all zones looking for a 1GB contiguous
region. When one is found, it's allocated by alloc_contig_range().
One expected issue with that approach is that such gigantic contiguous
regions tend to vanish as runtime goes by. The best way to avoid this
for now is to make gigantic page allocations very early during system
boot, say from a init script. Other possible optimization include using
compaction, which is supported by CMA but is not explicitly used by this
commit.
It's also important to note the following:
1. Gigantic pages allocated at boottime by the hugepages= command-line
option can be freed at runtime just fine
2. This commit adds support for gigantic pages only to x86_64. The
reason is that I don't have access to nor experience with other archs.
The code is arch indepedent though, so it should be simple to add
support to different archs
3. I didn't add support for hugepage overcommit, that is allocating
a gigantic page on demand when
/proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages > 0. The reason is that I don't
think it's reasonable to do the hard and long work required for
allocating a gigantic page at fault time. But it should be simple
to add this if wanted
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Next commit will add new code which will want to call
for_each_node_mask_to_alloc() macro. Move it, its buddy
for_each_node_mask_to_free() and their dependencies up in the file so the
new code can use them. This is just code movement, no logic change.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hugepages pages never get the PG_reserved bit set, so don't clear it.
However, note that if the bit gets mistakenly set free_pages_check() will
catch it.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The HugeTLB subsystem uses the buddy allocator to allocate hugepages
during runtime. This means that hugepages allocation during runtime is
limited to MAX_ORDER order. For archs supporting gigantic pages (that
is, page sizes greater than MAX_ORDER), this in turn means that those
pages can't be allocated at runtime.
HugeTLB supports gigantic page allocation during boottime, via the boot
allocator. To this end the kernel provides the command-line options
hugepagesz= and hugepages=, which can be used to instruct the kernel to
allocate N gigantic pages during boot.
For example, x86_64 supports 2M and 1G hugepages, but only 2M hugepages
can be allocated and freed at runtime. If one wants to allocate 1G
gigantic pages, this has to be done at boot via the hugepagesz= and
hugepages= command-line options.
Now, gigantic page allocation at boottime has two serious problems:
1. Boottime allocation is not NUMA aware. On a NUMA machine the kernel
evenly distributes boottime allocated hugepages among nodes.
For example, suppose you have a four-node NUMA machine and want
to allocate four 1G gigantic pages at boottime. The kernel will
allocate one gigantic page per node.
On the other hand, we do have users who want to be able to specify
which NUMA node gigantic pages should allocated from. So that they
can place virtual machines on a specific NUMA node.
2. Gigantic pages allocated at boottime can't be freed
At this point it's important to observe that regular hugepages allocated
at runtime don't have those problems. This is so because HugeTLB
interface for runtime allocation in sysfs supports NUMA and runtime
allocated pages can be freed just fine via the buddy allocator.
This series adds support for allocating gigantic pages at runtime. It
does so by allocating gigantic pages via CMA instead of the buddy
allocator. Releasing gigantic pages is also supported via CMA. As this
series builds on top of the existing HugeTLB interface, it makes gigantic
page allocation and releasing just like regular sized hugepages. This
also means that NUMA support just works.
For example, to allocate two 1G gigantic pages on node 1, one can do:
# echo 2 > \
/sys/devices/system/node/node1/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
And, to release all gigantic pages on the same node:
# echo 0 > \
/sys/devices/system/node/node1/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
Please, refer to patch 5/5 for full technical details.
Finally, please note that this series is a follow up for a previous series
that tried to extend the command-line options set to be NUMA aware:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=139593335312191&w=2
During the discussion of that series it was agreed that having runtime
allocation support for gigantic pages was a better solution.
This patch (of 5):
This function is going to be used by non-init code in a future
commit.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a coccinelle error regarding usage of IS_ERR and PTR_ERR instead of
PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO.
Signed-off-by: Duan Jiong <duanj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Per-memcg swappiness and oom killing can currently not be tweaked on a
memcg that is part of a hierarchy, but not the root of that hierarchy.
Users have complained that they can't configure this when they turned on
hierarchy mode. In fact, with hierarchy mode becoming the default, this
restriction disables the tunables entirely.
But there is no good reason for this restriction. The settings for
swappiness and OOM killing are taken from whatever memcg whose limit
triggered reclaim and OOM invocation, regardless of its position in the
hierarchy tree.
Allow setting swappiness on any group. The knob on the root memcg
already reads the global VM swappiness, make it writable as well.
Allow disabling the OOM killer on any non-root memcg.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory obtained via mempool_alloc is not always zeroed even when
called with __GFP_ZERO. Add a note and VM_BUG_ON statement to make
that clear.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use VM_WARN_ON_ONCE]
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It was using a mix of pr_foo() and printk(KERN_ERR ...).
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It doesn't make sense to have two assert checks for each invariant: one
for printing and one for BUG().
Let's trigger BUG() if we print error message.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This introduces memblock_alloc_range() which allocates memblock from the
specified range of physical address. I would like to use this function
to specify the location of CMA.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Don Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For single threaded workloads, we can avoid flushing and iterating through
the entire list of tasks, making the whole function a lot faster,
requiring only a single atomic read for the mm_users.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_VMACACHE option to enable counting the cache
hit rate -- exported in /proc/vmstat.
Any updates to the caching scheme needs this kind of data, thus it can
save some work re-implementing the counting all the time.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Prior to this change, we would decide whether to force scan a LRU during
reclaim if that LRU itself was too small for the current priority.
However, this can lead to the file LRU getting force scanned even if
there are a lot of anonymous pages we can reclaim, leading to hot file
pages getting needlessly reclaimed.
To address this, we instead only force scan when none of the reclaimable
LRUs are big enough.
Gives huge improvements with zswap. For example, when doing -j20 kernel
build in a 500MB container with zswap enabled, runtime (in seconds) is
greatly reduced:
x without this change
+ with this change
N Min Max Median Avg Stddev
x 5 700.997 790.076 763.928 754.05 39.59493
+ 5 141.634 197.899 155.706 161.9 21.270224
Difference at 95.0% confidence
-592.15 +/- 46.3521
-78.5293% +/- 6.14709%
(Student's t, pooled s = 31.7819)
Should also give some improvements in regular (non-zswap) swap cases.
Yes, hughd found significant speedup using regular swap, with several
memcgs under pressure; and it should also be effective in the non-memcg
case, whenever one or another zone LRU is forced too small.
Signed-off-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Yuanhan Liu <yuanhan.liu@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pte_file_mksoft_dirty operates with argument passed by a value and
returns modified result thus we need to assign @ptfile here, otherwise
itis a no-op which may lead to loss of the softdirty bit.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hugh reported:
| I noticed your soft_dirty work in install_file_pte(): which looked
| good at first, until I realized that it's propagating the soft_dirty
| of a pte it's about to zap completely, to the unrelated entry it's
| about to insert in its place. Which seems very odd to me.
Indeed this code ends up being nop in result -- pte_file_mksoft_dirty()
operates with pte_t argument and returns new pte_t which were never used
after. After looking more I think what we need is to soft-dirtify all
newely remapped file pages because it should look like a new mapping for
memory tracker.
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently to allocate a page that should be charged to kmemcg (e.g.
threadinfo), we pass __GFP_KMEMCG flag to the page allocator. The page
allocated is then to be freed by free_memcg_kmem_pages. Apart from
looking asymmetrical, this also requires intrusion to the general
allocation path. So let's introduce separate functions that will
alloc/free pages charged to kmemcg.
The new functions are called alloc_kmem_pages and free_kmem_pages. They
should be used when the caller actually would like to use kmalloc, but
has to fall back to the page allocator for the allocation is large.
They only differ from alloc_pages and free_pages in that besides
allocating or freeing pages they also charge them to the kmem resource
counter of the current memory cgroup.
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: export kmalloc_order() to modules]
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have only a few places where we actually want to charge kmem so
instead of intruding into the general page allocation path with
__GFP_KMEMCG it's better to explictly charge kmem there. All kmem
charges will be easier to follow that way.
This is a step towards removing __GFP_KMEMCG. It removes __GFP_KMEMCG
from memcg caches' allocflags. Instead it makes slab allocation path
call memcg_charge_kmem directly getting memcg to charge from the cache's
memcg params.
This also eliminates any possibility of misaccounting an allocation
going from one memcg's cache to another memcg, because now we always
charge slabs against the memcg the cache belongs to. That's why this
patch removes the big comment to memcg_kmem_get_cache.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There used to be only one path out of __slab_alloc(), and ALLOC_SLOWPATH
got bumped in that exit path. Now there are two, and a bunch of gotos.
ALLOC_SLOWPATH can now get set more than once during a single call to
__slab_alloc() which is pretty bogus. Here's the sequence:
1. Enter __slab_alloc(), fall through all the way to the
stat(s, ALLOC_SLOWPATH);
2. hit 'if (!freelist)', and bump DEACTIVATE_BYPASS, jump to
new_slab (goto #1)
3. Hit 'if (c->partial)', bump CPU_PARTIAL_ALLOC, goto redo
(goto #2)
4. Fall through in the same path we did before all the way to
stat(s, ALLOC_SLOWPATH)
5. bump ALLOC_REFILL stat, then return
Doing this is obviously bogus. It keeps us from being able to
accurately compare ALLOC_SLOWPATH vs. ALLOC_FASTPATH. It also means
that the total number of allocs always exceeds the total number of
frees.
This patch moves stat(s, ALLOC_SLOWPATH) to be called from the same
place that __slab_alloc() is. This makes it much less likely that
ALLOC_SLOWPATH will get botched again in the spaghetti-code inside
__slab_alloc().
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the slab or slub allocators cannot allocate additional slab pages,
they emit diagnostic information to the kernel log such as current
number of slabs, number of objects, active objects, etc. This is always
coupled with a page allocation failure warning since it is controlled by
!__GFP_NOWARN.
Suppress this out of memory warning if the allocator is configured
without debug supported. The page allocation failure warning will
indicate it is a failed slab allocation, the order, and the gfp mask, so
this is only useful to diagnose allocator issues.
Since CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG is already enabled by default for the slub
allocator, there is no functional change with this patch. If debug is
disabled, however, the warnings are now suppressed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Inspired by Joe Perches suggestion in ntfs logging clean-up.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All printk(KERN_foo converted to pr_foo()
Default printk converted to pr_warn()
Coalesce format fragments
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
_PAGE_NUMA is currently an alias of _PROT_PROTNONE to trap NUMA hinting
faults on x86. Care is taken such that _PAGE_NUMA is used only in
situations where the VMA flags distinguish between NUMA hinting faults
and prot_none faults. This decision was x86-specific and conceptually
it is difficult requiring special casing to distinguish between PROTNONE
and NUMA ptes based on context.
Fundamentally, we only need the _PAGE_NUMA bit to tell the difference
between an entry that is really unmapped and a page that is protected
for NUMA hinting faults as if the PTE is not present then a fault will
be trapped.
Swap PTEs on x86-64 use the bits after _PAGE_GLOBAL for the offset.
This patch shrinks the maximum possible swap size and uses the bit to
uniquely distinguish between NUMA hinting ptes and swap ptes.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently hugepage migration is available for all archs which support
pmd-level hugepage, but testing is done only for x86_64 and there're
bugs for other archs. So to avoid breaking such archs, this patch
limits the availability strictly to x86_64 until developers of other
archs get interested in enabling this feature.
Simply disabling hugepage migration on non-x86_64 archs is not enough to
fix the reported problem where sys_move_pages() hits the BUG_ON() in
follow_page(FOLL_GET), so let's fix this by checking if hugepage
migration is supported in vma_migratable().
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Tested-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.12+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Trinity reports BUG:
sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/rwsem.c:47
in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 0, pid: 5787, name: trinity-c27
__might_sleep < down_write < __put_anon_vma < page_get_anon_vma <
migrate_pages < compact_zone < compact_zone_order < try_to_compact_pages ..
Right, since conversion to mutex then rwsem, we should not put_anon_vma()
from inside an rcu_read_lock()ed section: fix the two places that did so.
And add might_sleep() to anon_vma_free(), as suggested by Peter Zijlstra.
Fixes: 88c22088bf ("mm: optimize page_lock_anon_vma() fast-path")
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull trivial tree changes from Jiri Kosina:
"Usual pile of patches from trivial tree that make the world go round"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (23 commits)
staging: go7007: remove reference to CONFIG_KMOD
aic7xxx: Remove obsolete preprocessor define
of: dma: doc fixes
doc: fix incorrect formula to calculate CommitLimit value
doc: Note need of bc in the kernel build from 3.10 onwards
mm: Fix printk typo in dmapool.c
modpost: Fix comment typo "Modules.symvers"
Kconfig.debug: Grammar s/addition/additional/
wimax: Spelling s/than/that/, wording s/destinatary/recipient/
aic7xxx: Spelling s/termnation/termination/
arm64: mm: Remove superfluous "the" in comment
of: Spelling s/anonymouns/anonymous/
dma: imx-sdma: Spelling s/determnine/determine/
ath10k: Improve grammar in comments
ath6kl: Spelling s/determnine/determine/
of: Improve grammar for of_alias_get_id() documentation
drm/exynos: Spelling s/contro/control/
radio-bcm2048.c: fix wrong overflow check
doc: printk-formats: do not mention casts for u64/s64
doc: spelling error changes
...
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main scheduling related changes in this cycle were:
- various sched/numa updates, for better performance
- tree wide cleanup of open coded nice levels
- nohz fix related to rq->nr_running use
- cpuidle changes and continued consolidation to improve the
kernel/sched/idle.c high level idle scheduling logic. As part of
this effort I pulled cpuidle driver changes from Rafael as well.
- standardized idle polling amongst architectures
- continued work on preparing better power/energy aware scheduling
- sched/rt updates
- misc fixlets and cleanups"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (49 commits)
sched/numa: Decay ->wakee_flips instead of zeroing
sched/numa: Update migrate_improves/degrades_locality()
sched/numa: Allow task switch if load imbalance improves
sched/rt: Fix 'struct sched_dl_entity' and dl_task_time() comments, to match the current upstream code
sched: Consolidate open coded implementations of nice level frobbing into nice_to_rlimit() and rlimit_to_nice()
sched: Initialize rq->age_stamp on processor start
sched, nohz: Change rq->nr_running to always use wrappers
sched: Fix the rq->next_balance logic in rebalance_domains() and idle_balance()
sched: Use clamp() and clamp_val() to make sys_nice() more readable
sched: Do not zero sg->cpumask and sg->sgp->power in build_sched_groups()
sched/numa: Fix initialization of sched_domain_topology for NUMA
sched: Call select_idle_sibling() when not affine_sd
sched: Simplify return logic in sched_read_attr()
sched: Simplify return logic in sched_copy_attr()
sched: Fix exec_start/task_hot on migrated tasks
arm64: Remove TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG
metag: Remove TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG
sched/idle: Make cpuidle_idle_call() void
sched/idle: Reflow cpuidle_idle_call()
sched/idle: Delay clearing the polling bit
...
Pull first set of s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:
"The biggest change in this patchset is conversion from the bootmem
bitmaps to the memblock code. This conversion requires two common
code patches to introduce the 'physmem' memblock list.
We experimented with ticket spinlocks but in the end decided against
them as they perform poorly on virtualized systems. But the spinlock
cleanup and some small improvements are included.
The uaccess code got another optimization, the get_user/put_user calls
are now inline again for kernel compiles targeted at z10 or newer
machines. This makes the text segment shorter and the code gets a
little bit faster.
And as always some bug fixes"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (31 commits)
s390/lowcore: replace lowcore irb array with a per-cpu variable
s390/lowcore: reserve 96 bytes for IRB in lowcore
s390/facilities: remove extract-cpu-time facility check
s390: require mvcos facility for z10 and newer machines
s390/boot: fix boot of compressed kernel built with gcc 4.9
s390/cio: remove weird assignment during argument evaluation
s390/time: cast tv_nsec to u64 prior to shift in update_vsyscall
s390/oprofile: make return of 0 explicit
s390/spinlock: refactor arch_spin_lock_wait[_flags]
s390/rwlock: add missing local_irq_restore calls
s390/spinlock,rwlock: always to a load-and-test first
s390/cio: fix multiple structure definitions
s390/spinlock: fix system hang with spin_retry <= 0
s390/appldata: add slab.h for kzalloc/kfree
s390/uaccess: provide inline variants of get_user/put_user
s390/pci: add some new arch specific pci attributes
s390/pci: use pdev->dev.groups for attribute creation
s390/pci: use macro for attribute creation
s390/pci: improve state check when processing hotplug events
s390: split TIF bits into CIF, PIF and TIF bits
...
Pull block core updates from Jens Axboe:
"It's a big(ish) round this time, lots of development effort has gone
into blk-mq in the last 3 months. Generally we're heading to where
3.16 will be a feature complete and performant blk-mq. scsi-mq is
progressing nicely and will hopefully be in 3.17. A nvme port is in
progress, and the Micron pci-e flash driver, mtip32xx, is converted
and will be sent in with the driver pull request for 3.16.
This pull request contains:
- Lots of prep and support patches for scsi-mq have been integrated.
All from Christoph.
- API and code cleanups for blk-mq from Christoph.
- Lots of good corner case and error handling cleanup fixes for
blk-mq from Ming Lei.
- A flew of blk-mq updates from me:
* Provide strict mappings so that the driver can rely on the CPU
to queue mapping. This enables optimizations in the driver.
* Provided a bitmap tagging instead of percpu_ida, which never
really worked well for blk-mq. percpu_ida relies on the fact
that we have a lot more tags available than we really need, it
fails miserably for cases where we exhaust (or are close to
exhausting) the tag space.
* Provide sane support for shared tag maps, as utilized by scsi-mq
* Various fixes for IO timeouts.
* API cleanups, and lots of perf tweaks and optimizations.
- Remove 'buffer' from struct request. This is ancient code, from
when requests were always virtually mapped. Kill it, to reclaim
some space in struct request. From me.
- Remove 'magic' from blk_plug. Since we store these on the stack
and since we've never caught any actual bugs with this, lets just
get rid of it. From me.
- Only call part_in_flight() once for IO completion, as includes two
atomic reads. Hopefully we'll get a better implementation soon, as
the part IO stats are now one of the more expensive parts of doing
IO on blk-mq. From me.
- File migration of block code from {mm,fs}/ to block/. This
includes bio.c, bio-integrity.c, bounce.c, and ioprio.c. From me,
from a discussion on lkml.
That should describe the meat of the pull request. Also has various
little fixes and cleanups from Dave Jones, Shaohua Li, Duan Jiong,
Fengguang Wu, Fabian Frederick, Randy Dunlap, Robert Elliott, and Sam
Bradshaw"
* 'for-3.16/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (100 commits)
blk-mq: push IPI or local end_io decision to __blk_mq_complete_request()
blk-mq: remember to start timeout handler for direct queue
block: ensure that the timer is always added
blk-mq: blk_mq_unregister_hctx() can be static
blk-mq: make the sysfs mq/ layout reflect current mappings
blk-mq: blk_mq_tag_to_rq should handle flush request
block: remove dead code in scsi_ioctl:blk_verify_command
blk-mq: request initialization optimizations
block: add queue flag for disabling SG merging
block: remove 'magic' from struct blk_plug
blk-mq: remove alloc_hctx and free_hctx methods
blk-mq: add file comments and update copyright notices
blk-mq: remove blk_mq_alloc_request_pinned
blk-mq: do not use blk_mq_alloc_request_pinned in blk_mq_map_request
blk-mq: remove blk_mq_wait_for_tags
blk-mq: initialize request in __blk_mq_alloc_request
blk-mq: merge blk_mq_alloc_reserved_request into blk_mq_alloc_request
blk-mq: add helper to insert requests from irq context
blk-mq: remove stale comment for blk_mq_complete_request()
blk-mq: allow non-softirq completions
...
When a memory error happens on an in-use page or (free and in-use)
hugepage, the victim page is isolated with its refcount set to one.
When you try to unpoison it later, unpoison_memory() calls put_page()
for it twice in order to bring the page back to free page pool (buddy or
free hugepage list). However, if another memory error occurs on the
page which we are unpoisoning, memory_failure() returns without
releasing the refcount which was incremented in the same call at first,
which results in memory leak and unconsistent num_poisoned_pages
statistics. This patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.32+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 284f39afea ("mm: memcg: push !mm handling out to page cache
charge function") explicitly checks for page cache charges without any
mm context (from kernel thread context[1]).
This seemed to be the only possible case where memory could be charged
without mm context so commit 03583f1a63 ("memcg: remove unnecessary
!mm check from try_get_mem_cgroup_from_mm()") removed the mm check from
get_mem_cgroup_from_mm(). This however caused another NULL ptr
dereference during early boot when loopback kernel thread splices to
tmpfs as reported by Stephan Kulow:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000360
IP: get_mem_cgroup_from_mm.isra.42+0x2b/0x60
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: btrfs dm_multipath dm_mod scsi_dh multipath raid10 raid456 async_raid6_recov async_memcpy async_pq raid6_pq async_xor xor async_tx raid1 raid0 md_mod parport_pc parport nls_utf8 isofs usb_storage iscsi_ibft iscsi_boot_sysfs arc4 ecb fan thermal nfs lockd fscache nls_iso8859_1 nls_cp437 sg st hid_generic usbhid af_packet sunrpc sr_mod cdrom ata_generic uhci_hcd virtio_net virtio_blk ehci_hcd usbcore ata_piix floppy processor button usb_common virtio_pci virtio_ring virtio edd squashfs loop ppa]
CPU: 0 PID: 97 Comm: loop1 Not tainted 3.15.0-rc5-5-default #1
Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
__mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin+0x40/0xe0
mem_cgroup_charge_file+0x8b/0xd0
shmem_getpage_gfp+0x66b/0x7b0
shmem_file_splice_read+0x18f/0x430
splice_direct_to_actor+0xa2/0x1c0
do_lo_receive+0x5a/0x60 [loop]
loop_thread+0x298/0x720 [loop]
kthread+0xc6/0xe0
ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
Also Branimir Maksimovic reported the following oops which is tiggered
for the swapcache charge path from the accounting code for kernel threads:
CPU: 1 PID: 160 Comm: kworker/u8:5 Tainted: P OE 3.15.0-rc5-core2-custom #159
Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/MAXIMUSV GENE, BIOS 1903 08/19/2013
task: ffff880404e349b0 ti: ffff88040486a000 task.ti: ffff88040486a000
RIP: get_mem_cgroup_from_mm.isra.42+0x2b/0x60
Call Trace:
__mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin+0x45/0xf0
mem_cgroup_charge_file+0x9c/0xe0
shmem_getpage_gfp+0x62c/0x770
shmem_write_begin+0x38/0x40
generic_perform_write+0xc5/0x1c0
__generic_file_aio_write+0x1d1/0x3f0
generic_file_aio_write+0x4f/0xc0
do_sync_write+0x5a/0x90
do_acct_process+0x4b1/0x550
acct_process+0x6d/0xa0
do_exit+0x827/0xa70
kthread+0xc3/0xf0
This patch fixes the issue by reintroducing mm check into
get_mem_cgroup_from_mm. We could do the same trick in
__mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin as we do for the regular page cache path
but it is not worth troubles. The check is not that expensive and it is
better to have get_mem_cgroup_from_mm more robust.
[1] - http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=139463617808941&w=2
Fixes: 03583f1a63 ("memcg: remove unnecessary !mm check from try_get_mem_cgroup_from_mm()")
Reported-and-tested-by: Stephan Kulow <coolo@suse.com>
Reported-by: Branimir Maksimovic <branimir.maksimovic@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MADV_WILLNEED currently does not read swapped out shmem pages back in.
Commit 0cd6144aad ("mm + fs: prepare for non-page entries in page
cache radix trees") made find_get_page() filter exceptional radix tree
entries but failed to convert all find_get_page() callers that WANT
exceptional entries over to find_get_entry(). One of them is shmem swap
readahead in madvise, which now skips over any swap-out records.
Convert it to find_get_entry().
Fixes: 0cd6144aad ("mm + fs: prepare for non-page entries in page cache radix trees")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In some testing I ran today (some fio jobs that spread over two nodes),
we end up spending 40% of the time in filemap_check_errors(). That
smells fishy. Looking further, this is basically what happens:
blkdev_aio_read()
generic_file_aio_read()
filemap_write_and_wait_range()
if (!mapping->nr_pages)
filemap_check_errors()
and filemap_check_errors() always attempts two test_and_clear_bit() on
the mapping flags, thus dirtying it for every single invocation. The
patch below tests each of these bits before clearing them, avoiding this
issue. In my test case (4-socket box), performance went from 1.7M IOPS
to 4.0M IOPS.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For handling a free hugepage in memory failure, the race will happen if
another thread hwpoisoned this hugepage concurrently. So we need to
check PageHWPoison instead of !PageHWPoison.
If hwpoison_filter(p) returns true or a race happens, then we need to
unlock_page(hpage).
Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Tested-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.36+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge x86/espfix into x86/vdso, due to changes in the vdso setup code
that otherwise cause conflicts.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Using arch_vma_name to give special mappings a name is awkward. x86
currently implements it by comparing the start address of the vma to
the expected address of the vdso. This requires tracking the start
address of special mappings and is probably buggy if a special vma
is split or moved.
Improve _install_special_mapping to just name the vma directly. Use
it to give the x86 vvar area a name, which should make CRIU's life
easier.
As a side effect, the vvar area will show up in core dumps. This
could be considered weird and is fixable.
[hpa: I say we accept this as-is but be prepared to deal with knocking
out the vvars from core dumps if this becomes a problem.]
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/276b39b6b645fb11e345457b503f17b83c2c6fd0.1400538962.git.luto@amacapital.net
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Add the physmem list to the memblock structure. This list only exists
if HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP is selected and contains the unmodified
list of physically available memory. It differs from the memblock
memory list as it always contains all memory ranges even if the
memory has been restricted, e.g. by use of the mem= kernel parameter.
Signed-off-by: Philipp Hachtmann <phacht@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Refactor the memblock code and extend the memblock API to make it
more flexible. With the extended API it is simple to define and
work with additional memory lists.
The static functions memblock_add_region and __memblock_remove are
renamed to memblock_add_range and meblock_remove_range and added to
the memblock API.
The __next_free_mem_range and __next_free_mem_range_rev functions
are replaced with calls to the more generic list walkers
__next_mem_range and __next_mem_range_rev.
To walk an arbitrary memory list two new macros for_each_mem_range
and for_each_mem_range_rev are added. These new macros are used
to define for_each_free_mem_range and for_each_free_mem_range_reverse.
Signed-off-by: Philipp Hachtmann <phacht@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Mostly fixes for metag and parisc relating to upgrowing stacks.
* Fix missing compiler barriers in metag memory barriers.
* Fix BUG_ON on metag when RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is increased beyond
safe value.
* Make maximum stack size configurable. This reduces the default user
stack size back to 80MB (especially on parisc after their removal of
_STK_LIM_MAX override). This only affects metag and parisc.
* Remove metag _STK_LIM_MAX override to match other arches and follow
parisc, now that it is safe to do so (due to the BUG_ON fix mentioned
above).
* Finally now that both metag and parisc _STK_LIM_MAX overrides have
been removed, it makes sense to remove _STK_LIM_MAX altogether.
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Merge tag 'metag-for-v3.15-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jhogan/metag
Pull Metag architecture and related fixes from James Hogan:
"Mostly fixes for metag and parisc relating to upgrowing stacks.
- Fix missing compiler barriers in metag memory barriers.
- Fix BUG_ON on metag when RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is increased
beyond safe value.
- Make maximum stack size configurable. This reduces the default
user stack size back to 80MB (especially on parisc after their
removal of _STK_LIM_MAX override). This only affects metag and
parisc.
- Remove metag _STK_LIM_MAX override to match other arches and follow
parisc, now that it is safe to do so (due to the BUG_ON fix
mentioned above).
- Finally now that both metag and parisc _STK_LIM_MAX overrides have
been removed, it makes sense to remove _STK_LIM_MAX altogether"
* tag 'metag-for-v3.15-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jhogan/metag:
asm-generic: remove _STK_LIM_MAX
metag: Remove _STK_LIM_MAX override
parisc,metag: Do not hardcode maximum userspace stack size
metag: Reduce maximum stack size to 256MB
metag: fix memory barriers
Continue moving some of the block files that are scattered around.
bounce.c contains only code for bouncing the contents of a bio.
It's block proper code, not mm code.
Suggested-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, memcg_has_children() and mem_cgroup_hierarchy_write()
directly test cgroup->children for list emptiness. It's semantically
correct in traditional hierarchies as it actually wants to test for
any children dead or alive; however, cgroup->children is not a
published field and scheduled to go away.
This patch moves out .use_hierarchy test out of memcg_has_children()
and updates it to use css_next_child() to test whether there exists
any children. With .use_hierarchy test moved out, it can also be used
by mem_cgroup_hierarchy_write().
A side note: As .use_hierarchy is going away, it doesn't really matter
but I'm not sure about how it's used in __memcg_activate_kmem(). The
condition tested by memcg_has_children() is mushy when seen from
userland as its result is affected by dead csses which aren't visible
from userland. I think the rule would be a lot clearer if we have a
dedicated "freshly minted" flag which gets cleared when the first task
is migrated into it or the first child is created and then gate
activation with that.
v2: Added comment noting that testing use_hierarchy is the
responsibility of the callers of memcg_has_children() as suggested
by Michal Hocko.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tejun has correctly pointed out that tasks/children test in
mem_cgroup_force_empty is not correct because there is no other locking
which preserves this state throughout the rest of the function so both
new tasks can join the group or new children groups can be added while
somebody is writing to memory.force_empty. A new task would break
mem_cgroup_reparent_charges expectation that all failures as described
by mem_cgroup_force_empty_list are temporal and there is no way out.
The main use case for the knob as described by
Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt is to:
"
The typical use case for this interface is before calling rmdir().
Because rmdir() moves all pages to parent, some out-of-use page caches can be
moved to the parent. If you want to avoid that, force_empty will be useful.
"
This means that reparenting is not really required as rmdir will
reparent pages implicitly from the safe context. If we remove it from
mem_cgroup_force_empty then we are safe even with existing tasks because
the number of reclaim attempts is bounded. Moreover the knob still does
what the documentation claims (modulo reparenting which doesn't make any
difference) and users might expect. Longterm we want to deprecate the
whole knob and put the reparented pages to the tail of parent LRU during
cgroup removal.
tj: Removed unused variable @cgrp from mem_cgroup_force_empty()
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
cgroup in general is moving towards using cgroup_subsys_state as the
fundamental structural component and css_parent() was introduced to
convert from using cgroup->parent to css->parent. It was quite some
time ago and we're moving forward with making css more prominent.
This patch drops the trivial wrapper css_parent() and let the users
dereference css->parent. While at it, explicitly mark fields of css
which are public and immutable.
v2: New usage from device_cgroup.c converted.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Acked-by: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
This patch affects only architectures where the stack grows upwards
(currently parisc and metag only). On those do not hardcode the maximum
initial stack size to 1GB for 32-bit processes, but make it configurable
via a config option.
The main problem with the hardcoded stack size is, that we have two
memory regions which grow upwards: stack and heap. To keep most of the
memory available for heap in a flexmap memory layout, it makes no sense
to hard allocate up to 1GB of the memory for stack which can't be used
as heap then.
This patch makes the stack size for 32-bit processes configurable and
uses 80MB as default value which has been in use during the last few
years on parisc and which hasn't showed any problems yet.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-metag@vger.kernel.org
Cc: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
cftype->trigger() is pointless. It's trivial to ignore the input
buffer from a regular ->write() operation. Convert all ->trigger()
users to ->write() and remove ->trigger().
This patch doesn't introduce any visible behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Convert all cftype->write_string() users to the new cftype->write()
which maps directly to kernfs write operation and has full access to
kernfs and cgroup contexts. The conversions are mostly mechanical.
* @css and @cft are accessed using of_css() and of_cft() accessors
respectively instead of being specified as arguments.
* Should return @nbytes on success instead of 0.
* @buf is not trimmed automatically. Trim if necessary. Note that
blkcg and netprio don't need this as the parsers already handle
whitespaces.
cftype->write_string() has no user left after the conversions and
removed.
While at it, remove unnecessary local variable @p in
cgroup_subtree_control_write() and stale comment about
CGROUP_LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE in cgroup_freezer.c.
This patch doesn't introduce any visible behavior changes.
v2: netprio was missing from conversion. Converted.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Aristeu Rozanski <arozansk@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Unlike the more usual refcnting, what css_tryget() provides is the
distinction between online and offline csses instead of protection
against upping a refcnt which already reached zero. cgroup is
planning to provide actual tryget which fails if the refcnt already
reached zero. Let's rename the existing trygets so that they clearly
indicate that they're onliness.
I thought about keeping the existing names as-are and introducing new
names for the planned actual tryget; however, given that each
controller participates in the synchronization of the online state, it
seems worthwhile to make it explicit that these functions are about
on/offline state.
Rename css_tryget() to css_tryget_online() and css_tryget_from_dir()
to css_tryget_online_from_dir(). This is pure rename.
v2: cgroup_freezer grew new usages of css_tryget(). Update
accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Pull a percpu fix from Tejun Heo:
"Fix for a percpu allocator bug where it could try to kfree() a memory
region allocated using vmalloc(). The bug has been there for years
now and is unlikely to have ever triggered given the size of struct
pcpu_chunk. It's still theoretically possible and the fix is simple
and safe enough, so the patch is marked with -stable"
* 'for-3.15-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
percpu: make pcpu_alloc_chunk() use pcpu_mem_free() instead of kfree()
When we perform a data integrity sync we tag all the dirty pages with
PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE at start of ext4_da_writepages. Later we check
for this tag in write_cache_pages_da and creates a struct
mpage_da_data containing contiguously indexed pages tagged with this
tag and sync these pages with a call to mpage_da_map_and_submit. This
process is done in while loop until all the PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE
pages are synced. We also do journal start and stop in each iteration.
journal_stop could initiate journal commit which would call
ext4_writepage which in turn will call ext4_bio_write_page even for
delayed OR unwritten buffers. When ext4_bio_write_page is called for
such buffers, even though it does not sync them but it clears the
PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE of the corresponding page and hence these pages
are also not synced by the currently running data integrity sync. We
will end up with dirty pages although sync is completed.
This could cause a potential data loss when the sync call is followed
by a truncate_pagecache call, which is exactly the case in
collapse_range. (It will cause generic/127 failure in xfstests)
To avoid this issue, we can use set_page_writeback_keepwrite instead of
set_page_writeback, which doesn't clear TOWRITE tag.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
It's critical for split_huge_page() (and migration) to catch and freeze
all PMDs on rmap walk. It gets tricky if there's concurrent fork() or
mremap() since usually we copy/move page table entries on dup_mm() or
move_page_tables() without rmap lock taken. To get it work we rely on
rmap walk order to not miss any entry. We expect to see destination VMA
after source one to work correctly.
But after switching rmap implementation to interval tree it's not always
possible to preserve expected walk order.
It works fine for dup_mm() since new VMA has the same vma_start_pgoff()
/ vma_last_pgoff() and explicitly insert dst VMA after src one with
vma_interval_tree_insert_after().
But on move_vma() destination VMA can be merged into adjacent one and as
result shifted left in interval tree. Fortunately, we can detect the
situation and prevent race with rmap walk by moving page table entries
under rmap lock. See commit 38a76013ad.
Problem is that we miss the lock when we move transhuge PMD. Most
likely this bug caused the crash[1].
[1] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/96473
Fixes: 108d6642ad ("mm anon rmap: remove anon_vma_moveto_tail")
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.7+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 8910ae896c ("kmemleak: change some global variables to int"),
in addition to the atomic -> int conversion, moved the disabling of
kmemleak_early_log to the beginning of the kmemleak_init() function,
before the full kmemleak tracing is actually enabled. In this small
window, kmem_cache_create() is called by kmemleak which triggers
additional memory allocation that are not traced. This patch restores
the original logic with kmemleak_early_log disabling when kmemleak is
fully functional.
Fixes: 8910ae896c (kmemleak: change some global variables to int)
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Changing PTEs and PMDs to pte_numa & pmd_numa is done with the
mmap_sem held for reading, which means a pmd can be instantiated
and turned into a numa one while __handle_mm_fault() is examining
the value of old_pmd.
If that happens, __handle_mm_fault() should just return and let
the page fault retry, instead of throwing an oops. This is
handled by the test for pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) below.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reported-by: Sunil Pandey <sunil.k.pandey@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: lwoodman@redhat.com
Cc: dave.hansen@intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140429153615.2d72098e@annuminas.surriel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
New variant of iov_iter - ITER_BVEC in iter->type, backed with
bio_vec array instead of iovec one. Primitives taught to deal
with such beasts, __swap_write() switched to using that kind
of iov_iter.
Note that bio_vec is just a <page, offset, length> triple - there's
nothing block-specific about it. I've left the definition where it
was, but took it from under ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK.
Next target: ->splice_write()...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
if we'd ended up in the end of a segment, jump to the
beginning of the next one (iov_offset = 0, iov++),
rather than having the next primitive deal with that.
Ought to be folded back...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Now It Can Be Done(tm) - we don't need to do iov_shorten() in
generic_file_direct_write() anymore, now that all ->direct_IO()
instances are converted to proper iov_iter methods and honour
iter->count and iter->iov_offset properly.
Get rid of count/ocount arguments of generic_file_direct_write(),
while we are at it.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
same as iov_iter_get_pages(), except that pages array is allocated
(kmalloc if possible, vmalloc if that fails) and left for caller to
free. Lustre and NFS ->direct_IO() switched to it.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
counts the pages covered by iov_iter, up to given limit.
do_block_direct_io() and fuse_iter_npages() switched to
it.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
iov_iter_get_pages(iter, pages, maxsize, &start) grabs references pinning
the pages of up to maxsize of (contiguous) data from iter. Returns the
amount of memory grabbed or -error. In case of success, the requested
area begins at offset start in pages[0] and runs through pages[1], etc.
Less than requested amount might be returned - either because the contiguous
area in the beginning of iterator is smaller than requested, or because
the kernel failed to pin that many pages.
direct-io.c switched to using iov_iter_get_pages()
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
For now, just use the same thing we pass to ->direct_IO() - it's all
iovec-based at the moment. Pass it explicitly to iov_iter_init() and
account for kvec vs. iovec in there, by the same kludge NFS ->direct_IO()
uses.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
iov_iter-using variant of generic_file_aio_read(). Some callers
converted. Note that it's still not quite there for use as ->read_iter() -
we depend on having zero iter->iov_offset in O_DIRECT case. Fortunately,
that's true for all converted callers (and for generic_file_aio_read() itself).
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
returns the value aligned as badly as the worst remaining segment
in iov_iter is. Use instead of open-coded equivalents.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
the thing is, we want to advance what's given to ->direct_IO() as we
are forming the request; however, the callers care about the amount
of data actually transferred, not the amount we tried to transfer.
It's more convenient to allow ->direct_IO() instances do use
iov_iter_advance() on the copy of iov_iter, leaving the actual
advancing of the original to caller.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
all callers of ->aio_read() and ->aio_write() have iov/nr_segs already
checked - generic_segment_checks() done after that is just an odd way
to spell iov_length().
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
"13 fixes"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
agp: info leak in agpioc_info_wrap()
fs/affs/super.c: bugfix / double free
fanotify: fix -EOVERFLOW with large files on 64-bit
slub: use sysfs'es release mechanism for kmem_cache
revert "mm: vmscan: do not swap anon pages just because free+file is low"
autofs: fix lockref lookup
mm: filemap: update find_get_pages_tag() to deal with shadow entries
mm/compaction: make isolate_freepages start at pageblock boundary
MAINTAINERS: zswap/zbud: change maintainer email address
mm/page-writeback.c: fix divide by zero in pos_ratio_polynom
hugetlb: ensure hugepage access is denied if hugepages are not supported
slub: fix memcg_propagate_slab_attrs
drivers/rtc/rtc-pcf8523.c: fix month definition
This reverts commit 0bf1457f0c ("mm: vmscan: do not swap anon pages
just because free+file is low") because it introduced a regression in
mostly-anonymous workloads, where reclaim would become ineffective and
trap every allocating task in direct reclaim.
The problem is that there is a runaway feedback loop in the scan balance
between file and anon, where the balance tips heavily towards a tiny
thrashing file LRU and anonymous pages are no longer being looked at.
The commit in question removed the safe guard that would detect such
situations and respond with forced anonymous reclaim.
This commit was part of a series to fix premature swapping in loads with
relatively little cache, and while it made a small difference, the cure
is obviously worse than the disease. Revert it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [3.12+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Dave Jones reports the following crash when find_get_pages_tag() runs
into an exceptional entry:
kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:1347!
RIP: find_get_pages_tag+0x1cb/0x220
Call Trace:
find_get_pages_tag+0x36/0x220
pagevec_lookup_tag+0x21/0x30
filemap_fdatawait_range+0xbe/0x1e0
filemap_fdatawait+0x27/0x30
sync_inodes_sb+0x204/0x2a0
sync_inodes_one_sb+0x19/0x20
iterate_supers+0xb2/0x110
sys_sync+0x44/0xb0
ia32_do_call+0x13/0x13
1343 /*
1344 * This function is never used on a shmem/tmpfs
1345 * mapping, so a swap entry won't be found here.
1346 */
1347 BUG();
After commit 0cd6144aad ("mm + fs: prepare for non-page entries in
page cache radix trees") this comment and BUG() are out of date because
exceptional entries can now appear in all mappings - as shadows of
recently evicted pages.
However, as Hugh Dickins notes,
"it is truly surprising for a PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK (and probably
any other PAGECACHE_TAG_*) to appear on an exceptional entry.
I expect it comes down to an occasional race in RCU lookup of the
radix_tree: lacking absolute synchronization, we might sometimes
catch an exceptional entry, with the tag which really belongs with
the unexceptional entry which was there an instant before."
And indeed, not only is the tree walk lockless, the tags are also read
in chunks, one radix tree node at a time. There is plenty of time for
page reclaim to swoop in and replace a page that was already looked up
as tagged with a shadow entry.
Remove the BUG() and update the comment. While reviewing all other
lookup sites for whether they properly deal with shadow entries of
evicted pages, update all the comments and fix memcg file charge moving
to not miss shmem/tmpfs swapcache pages.
Fixes: 0cd6144aad ("mm + fs: prepare for non-page entries in page cache radix trees")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compaction freepage scanner implementation in isolate_freepages()
starts by taking the current cc->free_pfn value as the first pfn. In a
for loop, it scans from this first pfn to the end of the pageblock, and
then subtracts pageblock_nr_pages from the first pfn to obtain the first
pfn for the next for loop iteration.
This means that when cc->free_pfn starts at offset X rather than being
aligned on pageblock boundary, the scanner will start at offset X in all
scanned pageblock, ignoring potentially many free pages. Currently this
can happen when
a) zone's end pfn is not pageblock aligned, or
b) through zone->compact_cached_free_pfn with CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
enabled and a hole spanning the beginning of a pageblock
This patch fixes the problem by aligning the initial pfn in
isolate_freepages() to pageblock boundary. This also permits replacing
the end-of-pageblock alignment within the for loop with a simple
pageblock_nr_pages increment.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Heesub Shin <heesub.shin@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dongjun Shin <d.j.shin@samsung.com>
Cc: Sunghwan Yun <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is possible for "limit - setpoint + 1" to equal zero, after getting
truncated to a 32 bit variable, and resulting in a divide by zero error.
Using the fully 64 bit divide functions avoids this problem. It also
will cause pos_ratio_polynom() to return the correct value when
(setpoint - limit) exceeds 2^32.
Also uninline pos_ratio_polynom, at Andrew's request.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Cc: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, I am seeing the following when I `mount -t hugetlbfs /none
/dev/hugetlbfs`, and then simply do a `ls /dev/hugetlbfs`. I think it's
related to the fact that hugetlbfs is properly not correctly setting
itself up in this state?:
Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000031
Faulting instruction address: 0xc000000000245710
Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1]
SMP NR_CPUS=2048 NUMA pSeries
....
In KVM guests on Power, in a guest not backed by hugepages, we see the
following:
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 64 kB
HPAGE_SHIFT == 0 in this configuration, which indicates that hugepages
are not supported at boot-time, but this is only checked in
hugetlb_init(). Extract the check to a helper function, and use it in a
few relevant places.
This does make hugetlbfs not supported (not registered at all) in this
environment. I believe this is fine, as there are no valid hugepages
and that won't change at runtime.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use pr_info(), per Mel]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build when HPAGE_SHIFT is undefined]
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After creating a cache for a memcg we should initialize its sysfs attrs
with the values from its parent. That's what memcg_propagate_slab_attrs
is for. Currently it's broken - we clearly muddled root-vs-memcg caches
there. Let's fix it up.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull vfs fixes from Al Viro:
"dcache fixes + kvfree() (uninlined, exported by mm/util.c) + posix_acl
bugfix from hch"
The dcache fixes are for a subtle LRU list corruption bug reported by
Miklos Szeredi, where people inside IBM saw list corruptions with the
LTP/host01 test.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
nick kvfree() from apparmor
posix_acl: handle NULL ACL in posix_acl_equiv_mode
dcache: don't need rcu in shrink_dentry_list()
more graceful recovery in umount_collect()
don't remove from shrink list in select_collect()
dentry_kill(): don't try to remove from shrink list
expand the call of dentry_lru_del() in dentry_kill()
new helper: dentry_free()
fold try_prune_one_dentry()
fold d_kill() and d_free()
fix races between __d_instantiate() and checks of dentry flags
If freelist_idx_t is a byte, SLAB_OBJ_MAX_NUM should be 255 not 256, and
likewise if freelist_idx_t is a short, then it should be 65535 not
65536.
This was leading to all kinds of random crashes on sparc64 where
PAGE_SIZE is 8192. One problem shown was that if spinlock debugging was
enabled, we'd get deadlocks in copy_pte_range() or do_wp_page() with the
same cpu already holding a lock it shouldn't hold, or the lock belonging
to a completely unrelated process.
Fixes: a41adfaa23 ("slab: introduce byte sized index for the freelist of a slab")
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit a41adfaa23 ("slab: introduce byte sized index for the freelist
of a slab") changes the size of freelist index and also changes
prototype of accessor function to freelist index. And there was a
mistake.
The mistake is that although it changes the size of freelist index
correctly, it changes the size of the index of freelist index
incorrectly. With patch, freelist index can be 1 byte or 2 bytes, that
means that num of object on on a slab can be more than 255. So we need
more than 1 byte for the index to find the index of free object on
freelist. But, above patch makes this index type 1 byte, so slab which
have more than 255 objects cannot work properly and in consequence of
it, the system cannot boot.
This issue was reported by Steven King on m68knommu which would use
2 bytes freelist index:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/16/433
To fix is easy. To change the type of the index of freelist index on
accessor functions is enough to fix this bug. Although 2 bytes is
enough, I use 4 bytes since it have no bad effect and make things more
easier. This fix was suggested and tested by Steven in his original
report.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reported-and-acked-by: Steven King <sfking@fdwdc.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Tested-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Tested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Until now, cgroup->id has been used to identify all the associated
csses and css_from_id() takes cgroup ID and returns the matching css
by looking up the cgroup and then dereferencing the css associated
with it; however, now that the lifetimes of cgroup and css are
separate, this is incorrect and breaks on the unified hierarchy when a
controller is disabled and enabled back again before the previous
instance is released.
This patch adds css->id which is a subsystem-unique ID and converts
css_from_id() to look up by the new css->id instead. memcg is the
only user of css_from_id() and also converted to use css->id instead.
For traditional hierarchies, this shouldn't make any functional
difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Currently, cgroup->id is allocated from 0, which is always assigned to
the root cgroup; unfortunately, memcg wants to use ID 0 to indicate
invalid IDs and ends up incrementing all IDs by one.
It's reasonable to reserve 0 for special purposes. This patch updates
cgroup core so that ID 0 is not used and the root cgroups get ID 1.
The ID incrementing is removed form memcg.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
BUG_ON() is a big hammer, and should be used _only_ if there is some
major corruption that you cannot possibly recover from, making it
imperative that the current process (and possibly the whole machine) be
terminated with extreme prejudice.
The trivial sanity check in the vmacache code is *not* such a fatal
error. Recovering from it is absolutely trivial, and using BUG_ON()
just makes it harder to debug for no actual advantage.
To make matters worse, the placement of the BUG_ON() (only if the range
check matched) actually makes it harder to hit the sanity check to begin
with, so _if_ there is a bug (and we just got a report from Srivatsa
Bhat that this can indeed trigger), it is harder to debug not just
because the machine is possibly dead, but because we don't have better
coverage.
BUG_ON() must *die*. Maybe we should add a checkpatch warning for it,
because it is simply just about the worst thing you can ever do if you
hit some "this cannot happen" situation.
Reported-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The mmu-gather operation 'tlb_flush_mmu()' has done two things: the
actual tlb flush operation, and the batched freeing of the pages that
the TLB entries pointed at.
This splits the operation into separate phases, so that the forced
batched flushing done by zap_pte_range() can now do the actual TLB flush
while still holding the page table lock, but delay the batched freeing
of all the pages to after the lock has been dropped.
This in turn allows us to avoid a race condition between
set_page_dirty() (as called by zap_pte_range() when it finds a dirty
shared memory pte) and page_mkclean(): because we now flush all the
dirty page data from the TLB's while holding the pte lock,
page_mkclean() will be held up walking the (recently cleaned) page
tables until after the TLB entries have been flushed from all CPU's.
Reported-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Tested-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fixup_user_fault() is used by the futex code when the direct user access
fails, and the futex code wants it to either map in the page in a usable
form or return an error. It relied on handle_mm_fault() to map the
page, and correctly checked the error return from that, but while that
does map the page, it doesn't actually guarantee that the page will be
mapped with sufficient permissions to be then accessed.
So do the appropriate tests of the vma access rights by hand.
[ Side note: arguably handle_mm_fault() could just do that itself, but
we have traditionally done it in the caller, because some callers -
notably get_user_pages() - have been able to access pages even when
they are mapped with PROT_NONE. Maybe we should re-visit that design
decision, but in the meantime this is the minimal patch. ]
Found by Dave Jones running his trinity tool.
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sasha Levin has reported two THP BUGs[1][2]. I believe both of them
have the same root cause. Let's look to them one by one.
The first bug[1] is "kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1829!". It's
BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page)) in __split_huge_page(). From my
testing I see that page_mapcount() is higher than mapcount here.
I think it happens due to race between zap_huge_pmd() and
page_check_address_pmd(). page_check_address_pmd() misses PMD which is
under zap:
CPU0 CPU1
zap_huge_pmd()
pmdp_get_and_clear()
__split_huge_page()
anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach()
__split_huge_page_splitting()
page_check_address_pmd()
mm_find_pmd()
/*
* We check if PMD present without taking ptl: no
* serialization against zap_huge_pmd(). We miss this PMD,
* it's not accounted to 'mapcount' in __split_huge_page().
*/
pmd_present(pmd) == 0
BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page)) // CRASH!!!
page_remove_rmap(page)
atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount)
The second bug[2] is "kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1371!".
It's VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page) in zap_huge_pmd().
This happens in similar way:
CPU0 CPU1
zap_huge_pmd()
pmdp_get_and_clear()
page_remove_rmap(page)
atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount)
__split_huge_page()
anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach()
__split_huge_page_splitting()
page_check_address_pmd()
mm_find_pmd()
pmd_present(pmd) == 0 /* The same comment as above */
/*
* No crash this time since we already decremented page->_mapcount in
* zap_huge_pmd().
*/
BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
/*
* We split the compound page here into small pages without
* serialization against zap_huge_pmd()
*/
__split_huge_page_refcount()
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page); // CRASH!!!
So my understanding the problem is pmd_present() check in mm_find_pmd()
without taking page table lock.
The bug was introduced by me commit with commit 117b0791ac. Sorry for
that. :(
Let's open code mm_find_pmd() in page_check_address_pmd() and do the
check under page table lock.
Note that __page_check_address() does the same for PTE entires
if sync != 0.
I've stress tested split and zap code paths for 36+ hours by now and
don't see crashes with the patch applied. Before it took <20 min to
trigger the first bug and few hours for second one (if we ignore
first).
[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/g/<53440991.9090001@oracle.com>
[2] https://lkml.kernel.org/g/<5310C56C.60709@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.13+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix new kernel-doc warning in mm/filemap.c:
Warning(mm/filemap.c:2600): Excess function parameter 'ppos' description in '__generic_file_aio_write'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
soft lockup in freeing gigantic hugepage fixed in commit 55f67141a8 "mm:
hugetlb: fix softlockup when a large number of hugepages are freed." can
happen in return_unused_surplus_pages(), so let's fix it.
Signed-off-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pcpu_chunk_struct_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk) +
BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) * sizeof(unsigned long)
It hardly could be ever bigger than PAGE_SIZE even for large-scale machine,
but for consistency with its couterpart pcpu_mem_zalloc(),
use pcpu_mem_free() instead.
Commit b4916cb17c ("percpu: make pcpu_free_chunk() use
pcpu_mem_free() instead of kfree()") addressed this problem, but
missed this one.
tj: commit message updated
Signed-off-by: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Fixes: 099a19d91c ("percpu: allow limited allocation before slab is online)
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Some versions of gcc even warn about it:
mm/shmem.c: In function ‘shmem_file_aio_read’:
mm/shmem.c:1414: warning: ‘error’ may be used uninitialized in this function
If the loop is aborted during the first iteration by one of the two
first break statements, error will be uninitialized.
Introduced by commit 6e58e79db8 ("introduce copy_page_to_iter, kill
loop over iovec in generic_file_aio_read()").
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull slab changes from Pekka Enberg:
"The biggest change is byte-sized freelist indices which reduces slab
freelist memory usage:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/12/2/64"
* 'slab/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux:
mm: slab/slub: use page->list consistently instead of page->lru
mm/slab.c: cleanup outdated comments and unify variables naming
slab: fix wrongly used macro
slub: fix high order page allocation problem with __GFP_NOFAIL
slab: Make allocations with GFP_ZERO slightly more efficient
slab: make more slab management structure off the slab
slab: introduce byte sized index for the freelist of a slab
slab: restrict the number of objects in a slab
slab: introduce helper functions to get/set free object
slab: factor out calculate nr objects in cache_estimate
Pull vfs updates from Al Viro:
"The first vfs pile, with deep apologies for being very late in this
window.
Assorted cleanups and fixes, plus a large preparatory part of iov_iter
work. There's a lot more of that, but it'll probably go into the next
merge window - it *does* shape up nicely, removes a lot of
boilerplate, gets rid of locking inconsistencie between aio_write and
splice_write and I hope to get Kent's direct-io rewrite merged into
the same queue, but some of the stuff after this point is having
(mostly trivial) conflicts with the things already merged into
mainline and with some I want more testing.
This one passes LTP and xfstests without regressions, in addition to
usual beating. BTW, readahead02 in ltp syscalls testsuite has started
giving failures since "mm/readahead.c: fix readahead failure for
memoryless NUMA nodes and limit readahead pages" - might be a false
positive, might be a real regression..."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (63 commits)
missing bits of "splice: fix racy pipe->buffers uses"
cifs: fix the race in cifs_writev()
ceph_sync_{,direct_}write: fix an oops on ceph_osdc_new_request() failure
kill generic_file_buffered_write()
ocfs2_file_aio_write(): switch to generic_perform_write()
ceph_aio_write(): switch to generic_perform_write()
xfs_file_buffered_aio_write(): switch to generic_perform_write()
export generic_perform_write(), start getting rid of generic_file_buffer_write()
generic_file_direct_write(): get rid of ppos argument
btrfs_file_aio_write(): get rid of ppos
kill the 5th argument of generic_file_buffered_write()
kill the 4th argument of __generic_file_aio_write()
lustre: don't open-code kernel_recvmsg()
ocfs2: don't open-code kernel_recvmsg()
drbd: don't open-code kernel_recvmsg()
constify blk_rq_map_user_iov() and friends
lustre: switch to kernel_sendmsg()
ocfs2: don't open-code kernel_sendmsg()
take iov_iter stuff to mm/iov_iter.c
process_vm_access: tidy up a bit
...
Pull audit updates from Eric Paris.
* git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/audit: (28 commits)
AUDIT: make audit_is_compat depend on CONFIG_AUDIT_COMPAT_GENERIC
audit: renumber AUDIT_FEATURE_CHANGE into the 1300 range
audit: do not cast audit_rule_data pointers pointlesly
AUDIT: Allow login in non-init namespaces
audit: define audit_is_compat in kernel internal header
kernel: Use RCU_INIT_POINTER(x, NULL) in audit.c
sched: declare pid_alive as inline
audit: use uapi/linux/audit.h for AUDIT_ARCH declarations
syscall_get_arch: remove useless function arguments
audit: remove stray newline from audit_log_execve_info() audit_panic() call
audit: remove stray newlines from audit_log_lost messages
audit: include subject in login records
audit: remove superfluous new- prefix in AUDIT_LOGIN messages
audit: allow user processes to log from another PID namespace
audit: anchor all pid references in the initial pid namespace
audit: convert PPIDs to the inital PID namespace.
pid: get pid_t ppid of task in init_pid_ns
audit: rename the misleading audit_get_context() to audit_take_context()
audit: Add generic compat syscall support
audit: Add CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
...
that commit has fixed only the parts of that mess in fs/splice.c itself;
there had been more in several other ->splice_read() instances...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
'struct page' has two list_head fields: 'lru' and 'list'. Conveniently,
they are unioned together. This means that code can use them
interchangably, which gets horribly confusing like with this nugget from
slab.c:
> list_del(&page->lru);
> if (page->active == cachep->num)
> list_add(&page->list, &n->slabs_full);
This patch makes the slab and slub code use page->lru universally instead
of mixing ->list and ->lru.
So, the new rule is: page->lru is what the you use if you want to keep
your page on a list. Don't like the fact that it's not called ->list?
Too bad.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Page reclaim force-scans / swaps anonymous pages when file cache drops
below the high watermark of a zone in order to prevent what little cache
remains from thrashing.
However, on bigger machines the high watermark value can be quite large
and when the workload is dominated by a static anonymous/shmem set, the
file set might just be a small window of used-once cache. In such
situations, the VM starts swapping heavily when instead it should be
recycling the no longer used cache.
This is a longer-standing problem, but it's more likely to trigger after
commit 81c0a2bb51 ("mm: page_alloc: fair zone allocator policy")
because file pages can no longer accumulate in a single zone and are
dispersed into smaller fractions among the available zones.
To resolve this, do not force scan anon when file pages are low but
instead rely on the scan/rotation ratios to make the right prediction.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [3.12+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge second patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
- the rest of MM
- zram updates
- zswap updates
- exit
- procfs
- exec
- wait
- crash dump
- lib/idr
- rapidio
- adfs, affs, bfs, ufs
- cris
- Kconfig things
- initramfs
- small amount of IPC material
- percpu enhancements
- early ioremap support
- various other misc things
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (156 commits)
MAINTAINERS: update Intel C600 SAS driver maintainers
fs/ufs: remove unused ufs_super_block_third pointer
fs/ufs: remove unused ufs_super_block_second pointer
fs/ufs: remove unused ufs_super_block_first pointer
fs/ufs/super.c: add __init to init_inodecache()
doc/kernel-parameters.txt: add early_ioremap_debug
arm64: add early_ioremap support
arm64: initialize pgprot info earlier in boot
x86: use generic early_ioremap
mm: create generic early_ioremap() support
x86/mm: sparse warning fix for early_memremap
lglock: map to spinlock when !CONFIG_SMP
percpu: add preemption checks to __this_cpu ops
vmstat: use raw_cpu_ops to avoid false positives on preemption checks
slub: use raw_cpu_inc for incrementing statistics
net: replace __this_cpu_inc in route.c with raw_cpu_inc
modules: use raw_cpu_write for initialization of per cpu refcount.
mm: use raw_cpu ops for determining current NUMA node
percpu: add raw_cpu_ops
slub: fix leak of 'name' in sysfs_slab_add
...
This patch creates a generic implementation of early_ioremap() support
based on the existing x86 implementation. early_ioremp() is useful for
early boot code which needs to temporarily map I/O or memory regions
before normal mapping functions such as ioremap() are available.
Some architectures have optional MMU. In the no-MMU case, the remap
functions simply return the passed in physical address and the unmap
functions do nothing.
Signed-off-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Statistics are not critical to the operation of the allocation but
should also not cause too much overhead.
When __this_cpu_inc is altered to check if preemption is disabled this
triggers. Use raw_cpu_inc to avoid the checks. Using this_cpu_ops may
cause interrupt disable/enable sequences on various arches which may
significantly impact allocator performance.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The failure paths of sysfs_slab_add don't release the allocation of
'name' made by create_unique_id() a few lines above the context of the
diff below. Create a common exit path to make it more obvious what
needs freeing.
[vdavydov@parallels.com: free the name only if !unmergeable]
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, we try to arrange sysfs entries for memcg caches in the same
manner as for global caches. Apart from turning /sys/kernel/slab into a
mess when there are a lot of kmem-active memcgs created, it actually
does not work properly - we won't create more than one link to a memcg
cache in case its parent is merged with another cache. For instance, if
A is a root cache merged with another root cache B, we will have the
following sysfs setup:
X
A -> X
B -> X
where X is some unique id (see create_unique_id()). Now if memcgs M and
N start to allocate from cache A (or B, which is the same), we will get:
X
X:M
X:N
A -> X
B -> X
A:M -> X:M
A:N -> X:N
Since B is an alias for A, we won't get entries B:M and B:N, which is
confusing.
It is more logical to have entries for memcg caches under the
corresponding root cache's sysfs directory. This would allow us to keep
sysfs layout clean, and avoid such inconsistencies like one described
above.
This patch does the trick. It creates a "cgroup" kset in each root
cache kobject to keep its children caches there.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Otherwise, kzalloc() called from a memcg won't clear the whole object.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we destroy children caches at the very beginning of
kmem_cache_destroy(). This is wrong, because the root cache will not
necessarily be destroyed in the end - if it has aliases (refcount > 0),
kmem_cache_destroy() will simply decrement its refcount and return. In
this case, at best we will get a bunch of warnings in dmesg, like this
one:
kmem_cache_destroy kmalloc-32:0: Slab cache still has objects
CPU: 1 PID: 7139 Comm: modprobe Tainted: G B W 3.13.0+ #117
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x49/0x5b
kmem_cache_destroy+0xdf/0xf0
kmem_cache_destroy_memcg_children+0x97/0xc0
kmem_cache_destroy+0xf/0xf0
xfs_mru_cache_uninit+0x21/0x30 [xfs]
exit_xfs_fs+0x2e/0xc44 [xfs]
SyS_delete_module+0x198/0x1f0
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
At worst - if kmem_cache_destroy() will race with an allocation from a
memcg cache - the kernel will panic.
This patch fixes this by moving children caches destruction after the
check if the cache has aliases. Plus, it forbids destroying a root
cache if it still has children caches, because each children cache keeps
a reference to its parent.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, memcg_unregister_cache(), which deletes the cache being
destroyed from the memcg_slab_caches list, is called after
__kmem_cache_shutdown() (see kmem_cache_destroy()), which starts to
destroy the cache.
As a result, one can access a partially destroyed cache while traversing
a memcg_slab_caches list, which can have deadly consequences (for
instance, cache_show() called for each cache on a memcg_slab_caches list
from mem_cgroup_slabinfo_read() will dereference pointers to already
freed data).
To fix this, let's move memcg_unregister_cache() before the cache
destruction process beginning, issuing memcg_register_cache() on failure.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memcg-awareness turned kmem_cache_create() into a dirty interweaving of
memcg-only and except-for-memcg calls. To clean this up, let's move the
code responsible for memcg cache creation to a separate function.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch cleans up the memcg cache creation path as follows:
- Move memcg cache name creation to a separate function to be called
from kmem_cache_create_memcg(). This allows us to get rid of the mutex
protecting the temporary buffer used for the name formatting, because
the whole cache creation path is protected by the slab_mutex.
- Get rid of memcg_create_kmem_cache(). This function serves as a proxy
to kmem_cache_create_memcg(). After separating the cache name creation
path, it would be reduced to a function call, so let's inline it.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a kmem cache is created (kmem_cache_create_memcg()), we first try to
find a compatible cache that already exists and can handle requests from
the new cache, i.e. has the same object size, alignment, ctor, etc. If
there is such a cache, we do not create any new caches, instead we simply
increment the refcount of the cache found and return it.
Currently we do this procedure not only when creating root caches, but
also for memcg caches. However, there is no point in that, because, as
every memcg cache has exactly the same parameters as its parent and cache
merging cannot be turned off in runtime (only on boot by passing
"slub_nomerge"), the root caches of any two potentially mergeable memcg
caches should be merged already, i.e. it must be the same root cache, and
therefore we couldn't even get to the memcg cache creation, because it
already exists.
The only exception is boot caches - they are explicitly forbidden to be
merged by setting their refcount to -1. There are currently only two of
them - kmem_cache and kmem_cache_node, which are used in slab internals (I
do not count kmalloc caches as their refcount is set to 1 immediately
after creation). Since they are prevented from merging preliminary I
guess we should avoid to merge their children too.
So let's remove the useless code responsible for merging memcg caches.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix following trivial checkpatch error:
ERROR: return is not a function, parentheses are not required
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cai Liu reporeted that now zbud pool pages counting has a problem when
multiple swap is used because it just counts only one swap intead of all
of swap so zswap cannot control writeback properly. The result is
unnecessary writeback or no writeback when we should really writeback.
IOW, it made zswap crazy.
Another problem in zswap is:
For example, let's assume we use two swap A and B with different
priority and A already has charged 19% long time ago and let's assume
that A swap is full now so VM start to use B so that B has charged 1%
recently. It menas zswap charged (19% + 1%) is full by default. Then,
if VM want to swap out more pages into B, zbud_reclaim_page would be
evict one of pages in B's pool and it would be repeated continuously.
It's totally LRU reverse problem and swap thrashing in B would happen.
This patch makes zswap consider mutliple swap by creating *a* zbud pool
which will be shared by multiple swap so all of zswap pages in multiple
swap keep order by LRU so it can prevent above two problems.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Cai Liu <cai.liu@samsung.com>
Suggested-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang.kh@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
zswap used zsmalloc before and now using zbud. But, some comments saying
it use zsmalloc yet. Fix the trivial problems.
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A new dump_page() routine was recently added, and marked
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL. dump_page() was also added to the VM_BUG_ON_PAGE()
macro, and so the end result is that non-GPL code can no longer call
get_page() and a few other routines.
This only happens if the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.
Change dump_page() to be EXPORT_SYMBOL.
Longer explanation:
Prior to commit 309381feae ("mm: dump page when hitting a VM_BUG_ON
using VM_BUG_ON_PAGE") , it was possible to build MIT-licensed (non-GPL)
drivers on Fedora. Fedora is semi-unique, in that it sets
CONFIG_VM_DEBUG.
Because Fedora sets CONFIG_VM_DEBUG, they end up pulling in dump_page(),
via VM_BUG_ON_PAGE, via get_page(). As one of the authors of NVIDIA's
new, open source, "UVM-Lite" kernel module, I originally choose to use
the kernel's get_page() routine from within nvidia_uvm_page_cache.c,
because get_page() has always seemed to be very clearly intended for use
by non-GPL, driver code.
So I'm hoping that making get_page() widely accessible again will not be
too controversial. We did check with Fedora first, and they responded
(https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1074710#c3) that we should
try to get upstream changed, before asking Fedora to change. Their
reasoning seems beneficial to Linux: leaving CONFIG_DEBUG_VM set allows
Fedora to help catch mm bugs.
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rasmus Villemoes
Christoph Lameter
Fabian Frederick
Matthew Wilcox
NeilBrown
Mel Gorman
Vladimir Davydov
Michal Hocko
Huang Shijie
Jianyu Zhan
Dave Hansen
Vlastimil Babka
Heesub Shin
Luiz Capitulino
Duan Jiong
Johannes Weiner
Sebastian Ott
Andrew Morton
Kirill A. Shutemov
Akinobu Mita
Davidlohr Bueso
Suleiman Souhlal
Cyrill Gorcunov
David Rientjes
Naoya Horiguchi
Hugh Dickins
Linus Torvalds
Jens Axboe
Chen Yucong
Ingo Molnar
H. Peter Anvin
Andy Lutomirski
Philipp Hachtmann
Tejun Heo
Helge Deller
Namjae Jeon
Catalin Marinas
Rik van Riel
Al Viro
Nishanth Aravamudan
David Miller
Joonsoo Kim
Hiroshige Sato
Randy Dunlap
Mizuma, Masayoshi
Peter Zijlstra
Dongsheng Yang
Geert Uytterhoeven
Mark Salter
Dave Jones
SeongJae Park
Minchan Kim
John Hubbard