/* * linux/mm/percpu.c - percpu memory allocator * * Copyright (C) 2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH * Copyright (C) 2009 Tejun Heo * * This file is released under the GPLv2. * * This is percpu allocator which can handle both static and dynamic * areas. Percpu areas are allocated in chunks in vmalloc area. Each * chunk is consisted of boot-time determined number of units and the * first chunk is used for static percpu variables in the kernel image * (special boot time alloc/init handling necessary as these areas * need to be brought up before allocation services are running). * Unit grows as necessary and all units grow or shrink in unison. * When a chunk is filled up, another chunk is allocated. ie. in * vmalloc area * * c0 c1 c2 * ------------------- ------------------- ------------ * | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 | | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 | | u0 | u1 | u * ------------------- ...... ------------------- .... ------------ * * Allocation is done in offset-size areas of single unit space. Ie, * an area of 512 bytes at 6k in c1 occupies 512 bytes at 6k of c1:u0, * c1:u1, c1:u2 and c1:u3. On UMA, units corresponds directly to * cpus. On NUMA, the mapping can be non-linear and even sparse. * Percpu access can be done by configuring percpu base registers * according to cpu to unit mapping and pcpu_unit_size. * * There are usually many small percpu allocations many of them being * as small as 4 bytes. The allocator organizes chunks into lists * according to free size and tries to allocate from the fullest one. * Each chunk keeps the maximum contiguous area size hint which is * guaranteed to be eqaul to or larger than the maximum contiguous * area in the chunk. This helps the allocator not to iterate the * chunk maps unnecessarily. * * Allocation state in each chunk is kept using an array of integers * on chunk->map. A positive value in the map represents a free * region and negative allocated. Allocation inside a chunk is done * by scanning this map sequentially and serving the first matching * entry. This is mostly copied from the percpu_modalloc() allocator. * Chunks can be determined from the address using the index field * in the page struct. The index field contains a pointer to the chunk. * * To use this allocator, arch code should do the followings. * * - drop CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA * * - define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr() and __pcpu_ptr_to_addr() to translate * regular address to percpu pointer and back if they need to be * different from the default * * - use pcpu_setup_first_chunk() during percpu area initialization to * setup the first chunk containing the kernel static percpu area */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT 5 /* 1-31 shares the same slot */ #define PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC 16 /* start a map with 16 ents */ /* default addr <-> pcpu_ptr mapping, override in asm/percpu.h if necessary */ #ifndef __addr_to_pcpu_ptr #define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(addr) \ (void *)((unsigned long)(addr) - (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr \ + (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start) #endif #ifndef __pcpu_ptr_to_addr #define __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr) \ (void *)((unsigned long)(ptr) + (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr \ - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start) #endif struct pcpu_chunk { struct list_head list; /* linked to pcpu_slot lists */ int free_size; /* free bytes in the chunk */ int contig_hint; /* max contiguous size hint */ void *base_addr; /* base address of this chunk */ int map_used; /* # of map entries used */ int map_alloc; /* # of map entries allocated */ int *map; /* allocation map */ struct vm_struct **vms; /* mapped vmalloc regions */ bool immutable; /* no [de]population allowed */ unsigned long populated[]; /* populated bitmap */ }; static int pcpu_unit_pages __read_mostly; static int pcpu_unit_size __read_mostly; static int pcpu_nr_units __read_mostly; static int pcpu_atom_size __read_mostly; static int pcpu_nr_slots __read_mostly; static size_t pcpu_chunk_struct_size __read_mostly; /* cpus with the lowest and highest unit numbers */ static unsigned int pcpu_first_unit_cpu __read_mostly; static unsigned int pcpu_last_unit_cpu __read_mostly; /* the address of the first chunk which starts with the kernel static area */ void *pcpu_base_addr __read_mostly; EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pcpu_base_addr); static const int *pcpu_unit_map __read_mostly; /* cpu -> unit */ const unsigned long *pcpu_unit_offsets __read_mostly; /* cpu -> unit offset */ /* group information, used for vm allocation */ static int pcpu_nr_groups __read_mostly; static const unsigned long *pcpu_group_offsets __read_mostly; static const size_t *pcpu_group_sizes __read_mostly; /* * The first chunk which always exists. Note that unlike other * chunks, this one can be allocated and mapped in several different * ways and thus often doesn't live in the vmalloc area. */ static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_first_chunk; /* * Optional reserved chunk. This chunk reserves part of the first * chunk and serves it for reserved allocations. The amount of * reserved offset is in pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit. When reserved * area doesn't exist, the following variables contain NULL and 0 * respectively. */ static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_reserved_chunk; static int pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit; /* * Synchronization rules. * * There are two locks - pcpu_alloc_mutex and pcpu_lock. The former * protects allocation/reclaim paths, chunks, populated bitmap and * vmalloc mapping. The latter is a spinlock and protects the index * data structures - chunk slots, chunks and area maps in chunks. * * During allocation, pcpu_alloc_mutex is kept locked all the time and * pcpu_lock is grabbed and released as necessary. All actual memory * allocations are done using GFP_KERNEL with pcpu_lock released. * * Free path accesses and alters only the index data structures, so it * can be safely called from atomic context. When memory needs to be * returned to the system, free path schedules reclaim_work which * grabs both pcpu_alloc_mutex and pcpu_lock, unlinks chunks to be * reclaimed, release both locks and frees the chunks. Note that it's * necessary to grab both locks to remove a chunk from circulation as * allocation path might be referencing the chunk with only * pcpu_alloc_mutex locked. */ static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcpu_alloc_mutex); /* protects whole alloc and reclaim */ static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pcpu_lock); /* protects index data structures */ static struct list_head *pcpu_slot __read_mostly; /* chunk list slots */ /* reclaim work to release fully free chunks, scheduled from free path */ static void pcpu_reclaim(struct work_struct *work); static DECLARE_WORK(pcpu_reclaim_work, pcpu_reclaim); static int __pcpu_size_to_slot(int size) { int highbit = fls(size); /* size is in bytes */ return max(highbit - PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT + 2, 1); } static int pcpu_size_to_slot(int size) { if (size == pcpu_unit_size) return pcpu_nr_slots - 1; return __pcpu_size_to_slot(size); } static int pcpu_chunk_slot(const struct pcpu_chunk *chunk) { if (chunk->free_size < sizeof(int) || chunk->contig_hint < sizeof(int)) return 0; return pcpu_size_to_slot(chunk->free_size); } static int pcpu_page_idx(unsigned int cpu, int page_idx) { return pcpu_unit_map[cpu] * pcpu_unit_pages + page_idx; } static unsigned long pcpu_chunk_addr(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, unsigned int cpu, int page_idx) { return (unsigned long)chunk->base_addr + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu] + (page_idx << PAGE_SHIFT); } static struct page *pcpu_chunk_page(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, unsigned int cpu, int page_idx) { /* must not be used on pre-mapped chunk */ WARN_ON(chunk->immutable); return vmalloc_to_page((void *)pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_idx)); } /* set the pointer to a chunk in a page struct */ static void pcpu_set_page_chunk(struct page *page, struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu) { page->index = (unsigned long)pcpu; } /* obtain pointer to a chunk from a page struct */ static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_get_page_chunk(struct page *page) { return (struct pcpu_chunk *)page->index; } static void pcpu_next_unpop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int *rs, int *re, int end) { *rs = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs); *re = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1); } static void pcpu_next_pop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int *rs, int *re, int end) { *rs = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs); *re = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1); } /* * (Un)populated page region iterators. Iterate over (un)populated * page regions betwen @start and @end in @chunk. @rs and @re should * be integer variables and will be set to start and end page index of * the current region. */ #define pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end) \ for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)); \ (rs) < (re); \ (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end))) #define pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end) \ for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)); \ (rs) < (re); \ (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end))) /** * pcpu_mem_alloc - allocate memory * @size: bytes to allocate * * Allocate @size bytes. If @size is smaller than PAGE_SIZE, * kzalloc() is used; otherwise, vmalloc() is used. The returned * memory is always zeroed. * * CONTEXT: * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation. * * RETURNS: * Pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure. */ static void *pcpu_mem_alloc(size_t size) { if (size <= PAGE_SIZE) return kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL); else { void *ptr = vmalloc(size); if (ptr) memset(ptr, 0, size); return ptr; } } /** * pcpu_mem_free - free memory * @ptr: memory to free * @size: size of the area * * Free @ptr. @ptr should have been allocated using pcpu_mem_alloc(). */ static void pcpu_mem_free(void *ptr, size_t size) { if (size <= PAGE_SIZE) kfree(ptr); else vfree(ptr); } /** * pcpu_chunk_relocate - put chunk in the appropriate chunk slot * @chunk: chunk of interest * @oslot: the previous slot it was on * * This function is called after an allocation or free changed @chunk. * New slot according to the changed state is determined and @chunk is * moved to the slot. Note that the reserved chunk is never put on * chunk slots. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_lock. */ static void pcpu_chunk_relocate(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int oslot) { int nslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk); if (chunk != pcpu_reserved_chunk && oslot != nslot) { if (oslot < nslot) list_move(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[nslot]); else list_move_tail(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[nslot]); } } /** * pcpu_chunk_addr_search - determine chunk containing specified address * @addr: address for which the chunk needs to be determined. * * RETURNS: * The address of the found chunk. */ static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_chunk_addr_search(void *addr) { void *first_start = pcpu_first_chunk->base_addr; /* is it in the first chunk? */ if (addr >= first_start && addr < first_start + pcpu_unit_size) { /* is it in the reserved area? */ if (addr < first_start + pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit) return pcpu_reserved_chunk; return pcpu_first_chunk; } /* * The address is relative to unit0 which might be unused and * thus unmapped. Offset the address to the unit space of the * current processor before looking it up in the vmalloc * space. Note that any possible cpu id can be used here, so * there's no need to worry about preemption or cpu hotplug. */ addr += pcpu_unit_offsets[smp_processor_id()]; return pcpu_get_page_chunk(vmalloc_to_page(addr)); } /** * pcpu_extend_area_map - extend area map for allocation * @chunk: target chunk * * Extend area map of @chunk so that it can accomodate an allocation. * A single allocation can split an area into three areas, so this * function makes sure that @chunk->map has at least two extra slots. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_alloc_mutex, pcpu_lock. pcpu_lock is released and reacquired * if area map is extended. * * RETURNS: * 0 if noop, 1 if successfully extended, -errno on failure. */ static int pcpu_extend_area_map(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk) { int new_alloc; int *new; size_t size; /* has enough? */ if (chunk->map_alloc >= chunk->map_used + 2) return 0; spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock); new_alloc = PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC; while (new_alloc < chunk->map_used + 2) new_alloc *= 2; new = pcpu_mem_alloc(new_alloc * sizeof(new[0])); if (!new) { spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock); return -ENOMEM; } /* * Acquire pcpu_lock and switch to new area map. Only free * could have happened inbetween, so map_used couldn't have * grown. */ spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock); BUG_ON(new_alloc < chunk->map_used + 2); size = chunk->map_alloc * sizeof(chunk->map[0]); memcpy(new, chunk->map, size); /* * map_alloc < PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC indicates that the chunk is * one of the first chunks and still using static map. */ if (chunk->map_alloc >= PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC) pcpu_mem_free(chunk->map, size); chunk->map_alloc = new_alloc; chunk->map = new; return 0; } /** * pcpu_split_block - split a map block * @chunk: chunk of interest * @i: index of map block to split * @head: head size in bytes (can be 0) * @tail: tail size in bytes (can be 0) * * Split the @i'th map block into two or three blocks. If @head is * non-zero, @head bytes block is inserted before block @i moving it * to @i+1 and reducing its size by @head bytes. * * If @tail is non-zero, the target block, which can be @i or @i+1 * depending on @head, is reduced by @tail bytes and @tail byte block * is inserted after the target block. * * @chunk->map must have enough free slots to accomodate the split. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_lock. */ static void pcpu_split_block(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int i, int head, int tail) { int nr_extra = !!head + !!tail; BUG_ON(chunk->map_alloc < chunk->map_used + nr_extra); /* insert new subblocks */ memmove(&chunk->map[i + nr_extra], &chunk->map[i], sizeof(chunk->map[0]) * (chunk->map_used - i)); chunk->map_used += nr_extra; if (head) { chunk->map[i + 1] = chunk->map[i] - head; chunk->map[i++] = head; } if (tail) { chunk->map[i++] -= tail; chunk->map[i] = tail; } } /** * pcpu_alloc_area - allocate area from a pcpu_chunk * @chunk: chunk of interest * @size: wanted size in bytes * @align: wanted align * * Try to allocate @size bytes area aligned at @align from @chunk. * Note that this function only allocates the offset. It doesn't * populate or map the area. * * @chunk->map must have at least two free slots. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_lock. * * RETURNS: * Allocated offset in @chunk on success, -1 if no matching area is * found. */ static int pcpu_alloc_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int size, int align) { int oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk); int max_contig = 0; int i, off; for (i = 0, off = 0; i < chunk->map_used; off += abs(chunk->map[i++])) { bool is_last = i + 1 == chunk->map_used; int head, tail; /* extra for alignment requirement */ head = ALIGN(off, align) - off; BUG_ON(i == 0 && head != 0); if (chunk->map[i] < 0) continue; if (chunk->map[i] < head + size) { max_contig = max(chunk->map[i], max_contig); continue; } /* * If head is small or the previous block is free, * merge'em. Note that 'small' is defined as smaller * than sizeof(int), which is very small but isn't too * uncommon for percpu allocations. */ if (head && (head < sizeof(int) || chunk->map[i - 1] > 0)) { if (chunk->map[i - 1] > 0) chunk->map[i - 1] += head; else { chunk->map[i - 1] -= head; chunk->free_size -= head; } chunk->map[i] -= head; off += head; head = 0; } /* if tail is small, just keep it around */ tail = chunk->map[i] - head - size; if (tail < sizeof(int)) tail = 0; /* split if warranted */ if (head || tail) { pcpu_split_block(chunk, i, head, tail); if (head) { i++; off += head; max_contig = max(chunk->map[i - 1], max_contig); } if (tail) max_contig = max(chunk->map[i + 1], max_contig); } /* update hint and mark allocated */ if (is_last) chunk->contig_hint = max_contig; /* fully scanned */ else chunk->contig_hint = max(chunk->contig_hint, max_contig); chunk->free_size -= chunk->map[i]; chunk->map[i] = -chunk->map[i]; pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot); return off; } chunk->contig_hint = max_contig; /* fully scanned */ pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot); /* tell the upper layer that this chunk has no matching area */ return -1; } /** * pcpu_free_area - free area to a pcpu_chunk * @chunk: chunk of interest * @freeme: offset of area to free * * Free area starting from @freeme to @chunk. Note that this function * only modifies the allocation map. It doesn't depopulate or unmap * the area. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_lock. */ static void pcpu_free_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int freeme) { int oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk); int i, off; for (i = 0, off = 0; i < chunk->map_used; off += abs(chunk->map[i++])) if (off == freeme) break; BUG_ON(off != freeme); BUG_ON(chunk->map[i] > 0); chunk->map[i] = -chunk->map[i]; chunk->free_size += chunk->map[i]; /* merge with previous? */ if (i > 0 && chunk->map[i - 1] >= 0) { chunk->map[i - 1] += chunk->map[i]; chunk->map_used--; memmove(&chunk->map[i], &chunk->map[i + 1], (chunk->map_used - i) * sizeof(chunk->map[0])); i--; } /* merge with next? */ if (i + 1 < chunk->map_used && chunk->map[i + 1] >= 0) { chunk->map[i] += chunk->map[i + 1]; chunk->map_used--; memmove(&chunk->map[i + 1], &chunk->map[i + 2], (chunk->map_used - (i + 1)) * sizeof(chunk->map[0])); } chunk->contig_hint = max(chunk->map[i], chunk->contig_hint); pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot); } /** * pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap - get temp pages array and bitmap * @chunk: chunk of interest * @bitmapp: output parameter for bitmap * @may_alloc: may allocate the array * * Returns pointer to array of pointers to struct page and bitmap, * both of which can be indexed with pcpu_page_idx(). The returned * array is cleared to zero and *@bitmapp is copied from * @chunk->populated. Note that there is only one array and bitmap * and access exclusion is the caller's responsibility. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_alloc_mutex and does GFP_KERNEL allocation if @may_alloc. * Otherwise, don't care. * * RETURNS: * Pointer to temp pages array on success, NULL on failure. */ static struct page **pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, unsigned long **bitmapp, bool may_alloc) { static struct page **pages; static unsigned long *bitmap; size_t pages_size = pcpu_nr_units * pcpu_unit_pages * sizeof(pages[0]); size_t bitmap_size = BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) * sizeof(unsigned long); if (!pages || !bitmap) { if (may_alloc && !pages) pages = pcpu_mem_alloc(pages_size); if (may_alloc && !bitmap) bitmap = pcpu_mem_alloc(bitmap_size); if (!pages || !bitmap) return NULL; } memset(pages, 0, pages_size); bitmap_copy(bitmap, chunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages); *bitmapp = bitmap; return pages; } /** * pcpu_free_pages - free pages which were allocated for @chunk * @chunk: chunk pages were allocated for * @pages: array of pages to be freed, indexed by pcpu_page_idx() * @populated: populated bitmap * @page_start: page index of the first page to be freed * @page_end: page index of the last page to be freed + 1 * * Free pages [@page_start and @page_end) in @pages for all units. * The pages were allocated for @chunk. */ static void pcpu_free_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated, int page_start, int page_end) { unsigned int cpu; int i; for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) { struct page *page = pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)]; if (page) __free_page(page); } } } /** * pcpu_alloc_pages - allocates pages for @chunk * @chunk: target chunk * @pages: array to put the allocated pages into, indexed by pcpu_page_idx() * @populated: populated bitmap * @page_start: page index of the first page to be allocated * @page_end: page index of the last page to be allocated + 1 * * Allocate pages [@page_start,@page_end) into @pages for all units. * The allocation is for @chunk. Percpu core doesn't care about the * content of @pages and will pass it verbatim to pcpu_map_pages(). */ static int pcpu_alloc_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated, int page_start, int page_end) { const gfp_t gfp = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_COLD; unsigned int cpu; int i; for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) { struct page **pagep = &pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)]; *pagep = alloc_pages_node(cpu_to_node(cpu), gfp, 0); if (!*pagep) { pcpu_free_pages(chunk, pages, populated, page_start, page_end); return -ENOMEM; } } } return 0; } /** * pcpu_pre_unmap_flush - flush cache prior to unmapping * @chunk: chunk the regions to be flushed belongs to * @page_start: page index of the first page to be flushed * @page_end: page index of the last page to be flushed + 1 * * Pages in [@page_start,@page_end) of @chunk are about to be * unmapped. Flush cache. As each flushing trial can be very * expensive, issue flush on the whole region at once rather than * doing it for each cpu. This could be an overkill but is more * scalable. */ static void pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int page_start, int page_end) { flush_cache_vunmap( pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_first_unit_cpu, page_start), pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_last_unit_cpu, page_end)); } static void __pcpu_unmap_pages(unsigned long addr, int nr_pages) { unmap_kernel_range_noflush(addr, nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT); } /** * pcpu_unmap_pages - unmap pages out of a pcpu_chunk * @chunk: chunk of interest * @pages: pages array which can be used to pass information to free * @populated: populated bitmap * @page_start: page index of the first page to unmap * @page_end: page index of the last page to unmap + 1 * * For each cpu, unmap pages [@page_start,@page_end) out of @chunk. * Corresponding elements in @pages were cleared by the caller and can * be used to carry information to pcpu_free_pages() which will be * called after all unmaps are finished. The caller should call * proper pre/post flush functions. */ static void pcpu_unmap_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated, int page_start, int page_end) { unsigned int cpu; int i; for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) { struct page *page; page = pcpu_chunk_page(chunk, cpu, i); WARN_ON(!page); pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)] = page; } __pcpu_unmap_pages(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_start), page_end - page_start); } for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) __clear_bit(i, populated); } /** * pcpu_post_unmap_tlb_flush - flush TLB after unmapping * @chunk: pcpu_chunk the regions to be flushed belong to * @page_start: page index of the first page to be flushed * @page_end: page index of the last page to be flushed + 1 * * Pages [@page_start,@page_end) of @chunk have been unmapped. Flush * TLB for the regions. This can be skipped if the area is to be * returned to vmalloc as vmalloc will handle TLB flushing lazily. * * As with pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(), TLB flushing also is done at once * for the whole region. */ static void pcpu_post_unmap_tlb_flush(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int page_start, int page_end) { flush_tlb_kernel_range( pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_first_unit_cpu, page_start), pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_last_unit_cpu, page_end)); } static int __pcpu_map_pages(unsigned long addr, struct page **pages, int nr_pages) { return map_kernel_range_noflush(addr, nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL, pages); } /** * pcpu_map_pages - map pages into a pcpu_chunk * @chunk: chunk of interest * @pages: pages array containing pages to be mapped * @populated: populated bitmap * @page_start: page index of the first page to map * @page_end: page index of the last page to map + 1 * * For each cpu, map pages [@page_start,@page_end) into @chunk. The * caller is responsible for calling pcpu_post_map_flush() after all * mappings are complete. * * This function is responsible for setting corresponding bits in * @chunk->populated bitmap and whatever is necessary for reverse * lookup (addr -> chunk). */ static int pcpu_map_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated, int page_start, int page_end) { unsigned int cpu, tcpu; int i, err; for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { err = __pcpu_map_pages(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_start), &pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, page_start)], page_end - page_start); if (err < 0) goto err; } /* mapping successful, link chunk and mark populated */ for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) { for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) pcpu_set_page_chunk(pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)], chunk); __set_bit(i, populated); } return 0; err: for_each_possible_cpu(tcpu) { if (tcpu == cpu) break; __pcpu_unmap_pages(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, tcpu, page_start), page_end - page_start); } return err; } /** * pcpu_post_map_flush - flush cache after mapping * @chunk: pcpu_chunk the regions to be flushed belong to * @page_start: page index of the first page to be flushed * @page_end: page index of the last page to be flushed + 1 * * Pages [@page_start,@page_end) of @chunk have been mapped. Flush * cache. * * As with pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(), TLB flushing also is done at once * for the whole region. */ static void pcpu_post_map_flush(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int page_start, int page_end) { flush_cache_vmap( pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_first_unit_cpu, page_start), pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_last_unit_cpu, page_end)); } /** * pcpu_depopulate_chunk - depopulate and unmap an area of a pcpu_chunk * @chunk: chunk to depopulate * @off: offset to the area to depopulate * @size: size of the area to depopulate in bytes * @flush: whether to flush cache and tlb or not * * For each cpu, depopulate and unmap pages [@page_start,@page_end) * from @chunk. If @flush is true, vcache is flushed before unmapping * and tlb after. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_alloc_mutex. */ static void pcpu_depopulate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size) { int page_start = PFN_DOWN(off); int page_end = PFN_UP(off + size); struct page **pages; unsigned long *populated; int rs, re; /* quick path, check whether it's empty already */ pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) { if (rs == page_start && re == page_end) return; break; } /* immutable chunks can't be depopulated */ WARN_ON(chunk->immutable); /* * If control reaches here, there must have been at least one * successful population attempt so the temp pages array must * be available now. */ pages = pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap(chunk, &populated, false); BUG_ON(!pages); /* unmap and free */ pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(chunk, page_start, page_end); pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) pcpu_unmap_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re); /* no need to flush tlb, vmalloc will handle it lazily */ pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) pcpu_free_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re); /* commit new bitmap */ bitmap_copy(chunk->populated, populated, pcpu_unit_pages); } /** * pcpu_populate_chunk - populate and map an area of a pcpu_chunk * @chunk: chunk of interest * @off: offset to the area to populate * @size: size of the area to populate in bytes * * For each cpu, populate and map pages [@page_start,@page_end) into * @chunk. The area is cleared on return. * * CONTEXT: * pcpu_alloc_mutex, does GFP_KERNEL allocation. */ static int pcpu_populate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size) { int page_start = PFN_DOWN(off); int page_end = PFN_UP(off + size); int free_end = page_start, unmap_end = page_start; struct page **pages; unsigned long *populated; unsigned int cpu; int rs, re, rc; /* quick path, check whether all pages are already there */ pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) { if (rs == page_start && re == page_end) goto clear; break; } /* need to allocate and map pages, this chunk can't be immutable */ WARN_ON(chunk->immutable); pages = pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap(chunk, &populated, true); if (!pages) return -ENOMEM; /* alloc and map */ pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) { rc = pcpu_alloc_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re); if (rc) goto err_free; free_end = re; } pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) { rc = pcpu_map_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re); if (rc) goto err_unmap; unmap_end = re; } pcpu_post_map_flush(chunk, page_start, page_end); /* commit new bitmap */ bitmap_copy(chunk->populated, populated, pcpu_unit_pages); clear: for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) memset((void *)pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, 0) + off, 0, size); return 0; err_unmap: pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(chunk, page_start, unmap_end); pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, unmap_end) pcpu_unmap_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re); pcpu_post_unmap_tlb_flush(chunk, page_start, unmap_end); err_free: pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, free_end) pcpu_free_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re); return rc; } static void free_pcpu_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk) { if (!chunk) return; if (chunk->vms) pcpu_free_vm_areas(chunk->vms, pcpu_nr_groups); pcpu_mem_free(chunk->map, chunk->map_alloc * sizeof(chunk->map[0])); kfree(chunk); } static struct pcpu_chunk *alloc_pcpu_chunk(void) { struct pcpu_chunk *chunk; chunk = kzalloc(pcpu_chunk_struct_size, GFP_KERNEL); if (!chunk) return NULL; chunk->map = pcpu_mem_alloc(PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC * sizeof(chunk->map[0])); chunk->map_alloc = PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC; chunk->map[chunk->map_used++] = pcpu_unit_size; chunk->vms = pcpu_get_vm_areas(pcpu_group_offsets, pcpu_group_sizes, pcpu_nr_groups, pcpu_atom_size, GFP_KERNEL); if (!chunk->vms) { free_pcpu_chunk(chunk); return NULL; } INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->list); chunk->free_size = pcpu_unit_size; chunk->contig_hint = pcpu_unit_size; chunk->base_addr = chunk->vms[0]->addr - pcpu_group_offsets[0]; return chunk; } /** * pcpu_alloc - the percpu allocator * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE) * @reserved: allocate from the reserved chunk if available * * Allocate percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align. * * CONTEXT: * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation. * * RETURNS: * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure. */ static void *pcpu_alloc(size_t size, size_t align, bool reserved) { struct pcpu_chunk *chunk; int slot, off; if (unlikely(!size || size > PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE || align > PAGE_SIZE)) { WARN(true, "illegal size (%zu) or align (%zu) for " "percpu allocation\n", size, align); return NULL; } mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex); spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock); /* serve reserved allocations from the reserved chunk if available */ if (reserved && pcpu_reserved_chunk) { chunk = pcpu_reserved_chunk; if (size > chunk->contig_hint || pcpu_extend_area_map(chunk) < 0) goto fail_unlock; off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, size, align); if (off >= 0) goto area_found; goto fail_unlock; } restart: /* search through normal chunks */ for (slot = pcpu_size_to_slot(size); slot < pcpu_nr_slots; slot++) { list_for_each_entry(chunk, &pcpu_slot[slot], list) { if (size > chunk->contig_hint) continue; switch (pcpu_extend_area_map(chunk)) { case 0: break; case 1: goto restart; /* pcpu_lock dropped, restart */ default: goto fail_unlock; } off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, size, align); if (off >= 0) goto area_found; } } /* hmmm... no space left, create a new chunk */ spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock); chunk = alloc_pcpu_chunk(); if (!chunk) goto fail_unlock_mutex; spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock); pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, -1); goto restart; area_found: spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock); /* populate, map and clear the area */ if (pcpu_populate_chunk(chunk, off, size)) { spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock); pcpu_free_area(chunk, off); goto fail_unlock; } mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex); /* return address relative to base address */ return __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(chunk->base_addr + off); fail_unlock: spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock); fail_unlock_mutex: mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex); return NULL; } /** * __alloc_percpu - allocate dynamic percpu area * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE) * * Allocate percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align. Might * sleep. Might trigger writeouts. * * CONTEXT: * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation. * * RETURNS: * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure. */ void *__alloc_percpu(size_t size, size_t align) { return pcpu_alloc(size, align, false); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__alloc_percpu); /** * __alloc_reserved_percpu - allocate reserved percpu area * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE) * * Allocate percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align from reserved * percpu area if arch has set it up; otherwise, allocation is served * from the same dynamic area. Might sleep. Might trigger writeouts. * * CONTEXT: * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation. * * RETURNS: * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure. */ void *__alloc_reserved_percpu(size_t size, size_t align) { return pcpu_alloc(size, align, true); } /** * pcpu_reclaim - reclaim fully free chunks, workqueue function * @work: unused * * Reclaim all fully free chunks except for the first one. * * CONTEXT: * workqueue context. */ static void pcpu_reclaim(struct work_struct *work) { LIST_HEAD(todo); struct list_head *head = &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1]; struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, *next; mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex); spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock); list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, head, list) { WARN_ON(chunk->immutable); /* spare the first one */ if (chunk == list_first_entry(head, struct pcpu_chunk, list)) continue; list_move(&chunk->list, &todo); } spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock); list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, &todo, list) { pcpu_depopulate_chunk(chunk, 0, pcpu_unit_size); free_pcpu_chunk(chunk); } mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex); } /** * free_percpu - free percpu area * @ptr: pointer to area to free * * Free percpu area @ptr. * * CONTEXT: * Can be called from atomic context. */ void free_percpu(void *ptr) { void *addr = __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr); struct pcpu_chunk *chunk; unsigned long flags; int off; if (!ptr) return; spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags); chunk = pcpu_chunk_addr_search(addr); off = addr - chunk->base_addr; pcpu_free_area(chunk, off); /* if there are more than one fully free chunks, wake up grim reaper */ if (chunk->free_size == pcpu_unit_size) { struct pcpu_chunk *pos; list_for_each_entry(pos, &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1], list) if (pos != chunk) { schedule_work(&pcpu_reclaim_work); break; } } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_percpu); static inline size_t pcpu_calc_fc_sizes(size_t static_size, size_t reserved_size, ssize_t *dyn_sizep) { size_t size_sum; size_sum = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + reserved_size + (*dyn_sizep >= 0 ? *dyn_sizep : 0)); if (*dyn_sizep != 0) *dyn_sizep = size_sum - static_size - reserved_size; return size_sum; } /** * pcpu_alloc_alloc_info - allocate percpu allocation info * @nr_groups: the number of groups * @nr_units: the number of units * * Allocate ai which is large enough for @nr_groups groups containing * @nr_units units. The returned ai's groups[0].cpu_map points to the * cpu_map array which is long enough for @nr_units and filled with * NR_CPUS. It's the caller's responsibility to initialize cpu_map * pointer of other groups. * * RETURNS: * Pointer to the allocated pcpu_alloc_info on success, NULL on * failure. */ struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(int nr_groups, int nr_units) { struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai; size_t base_size, ai_size; void *ptr; int unit; base_size = ALIGN(sizeof(*ai) + nr_groups * sizeof(ai->groups[0]), __alignof__(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0])); ai_size = base_size + nr_units * sizeof(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]); ptr = alloc_bootmem_nopanic(PFN_ALIGN(ai_size)); if (!ptr) return NULL; ai = ptr; ptr += base_size; ai->groups[0].cpu_map = ptr; for (unit = 0; unit < nr_units; unit++) ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit] = NR_CPUS; ai->nr_groups = nr_groups; ai->__ai_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai_size); return ai; } /** * pcpu_free_alloc_info - free percpu allocation info * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info to free * * Free @ai which was allocated by pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(). */ void __init pcpu_free_alloc_info(struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai) { free_bootmem(__pa(ai), ai->__ai_size); } /** * pcpu_build_alloc_info - build alloc_info considering distances between CPUs * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes * @dyn_size: free size for dynamic allocation in bytes, -1 for auto * @atom_size: allocation atom size * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional * * This function determines grouping of units, their mappings to cpus * and other parameters considering needed percpu size, allocation * atom size and distances between CPUs. * * Groups are always mutliples of atom size and CPUs which are of * LOCAL_DISTANCE both ways are grouped together and share space for * units in the same group. The returned configuration is guaranteed * to have CPUs on different nodes on different groups and >=75% usage * of allocated virtual address space. * * RETURNS: * On success, pointer to the new allocation_info is returned. On * failure, ERR_PTR value is returned. */ struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_build_alloc_info( size_t reserved_size, ssize_t dyn_size, size_t atom_size, pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn) { static int group_map[NR_CPUS] __initdata; static int group_cnt[NR_CPUS] __initdata; const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start; int group_cnt_max = 0, nr_groups = 1, nr_units = 0; size_t size_sum, min_unit_size, alloc_size; int upa, max_upa, uninitialized_var(best_upa); /* units_per_alloc */ int last_allocs, group, unit; unsigned int cpu, tcpu; struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai; unsigned int *cpu_map; /* * Determine min_unit_size, alloc_size and max_upa such that * alloc_size is multiple of atom_size and is the smallest * which can accomodate 4k aligned segments which are equal to * or larger than min_unit_size. */ size_sum = pcpu_calc_fc_sizes(static_size, reserved_size, &dyn_size); min_unit_size = max_t(size_t, size_sum, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE); alloc_size = roundup(min_unit_size, atom_size); upa = alloc_size / min_unit_size; while (alloc_size % upa || ((alloc_size / upa) & ~PAGE_MASK)) upa--; max_upa = upa; /* group cpus according to their proximity */ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { group = 0; next_group: for_each_possible_cpu(tcpu) { if (cpu == tcpu) break; if (group_map[tcpu] == group && cpu_distance_fn && (cpu_distance_fn(cpu, tcpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE || cpu_distance_fn(tcpu, cpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE)) { group++; nr_groups = max(nr_groups, group + 1); goto next_group; } } group_map[cpu] = group; group_cnt[group]++; group_cnt_max = max(group_cnt_max, group_cnt[group]); } /* * Expand unit size until address space usage goes over 75% * and then as much as possible without using more address * space. */ last_allocs = INT_MAX; for (upa = max_upa; upa; upa--) { int allocs = 0, wasted = 0; if (alloc_size % upa || ((alloc_size / upa) & ~PAGE_MASK)) continue; for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) { int this_allocs = DIV_ROUND_UP(group_cnt[group], upa); allocs += this_allocs; wasted += this_allocs * upa - group_cnt[group]; } /* * Don't accept if wastage is over 25%. The * greater-than comparison ensures upa==1 always * passes the following check. */ if (wasted > num_possible_cpus() / 3) continue; /* and then don't consume more memory */ if (allocs > last_allocs) break; last_allocs = allocs; best_upa = upa; } upa = best_upa; /* allocate and fill alloc_info */ for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) nr_units += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa); ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(nr_groups, nr_units); if (!ai) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); cpu_map = ai->groups[0].cpu_map; for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) { ai->groups[group].cpu_map = cpu_map; cpu_map += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa); } ai->static_size = static_size; ai->reserved_size = reserved_size; ai->dyn_size = dyn_size; ai->unit_size = alloc_size / upa; ai->atom_size = atom_size; ai->alloc_size = alloc_size; for (group = 0, unit = 0; group_cnt[group]; group++) { struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group]; /* * Initialize base_offset as if all groups are located * back-to-back. The caller should update this to * reflect actual allocation. */ gi->base_offset = unit * ai->unit_size; for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) if (group_map[cpu] == group) gi->cpu_map[gi->nr_units++] = cpu; gi->nr_units = roundup(gi->nr_units, upa); unit += gi->nr_units; } BUG_ON(unit != nr_units); return ai; } /** * pcpu_dump_alloc_info - print out information about pcpu_alloc_info * @lvl: loglevel * @ai: allocation info to dump * * Print out information about @ai using loglevel @lvl. */ static void pcpu_dump_alloc_info(const char *lvl, const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai) { int group_width = 1, cpu_width = 1, width; char empty_str[] = "--------"; int alloc = 0, alloc_end = 0; int group, v; int upa, apl; /* units per alloc, allocs per line */ v = ai->nr_groups; while (v /= 10) group_width++; v = num_possible_cpus(); while (v /= 10) cpu_width++; empty_str[min_t(int, cpu_width, sizeof(empty_str) - 1)] = '\0'; upa = ai->alloc_size / ai->unit_size; width = upa * (cpu_width + 1) + group_width + 3; apl = rounddown_pow_of_two(max(60 / width, 1)); printk("%spcpu-alloc: s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu alloc=%zu*%zu", lvl, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size, ai->unit_size, ai->alloc_size / ai->atom_size, ai->atom_size); for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) { const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group]; int unit = 0, unit_end = 0; BUG_ON(gi->nr_units % upa); for (alloc_end += gi->nr_units / upa; alloc < alloc_end; alloc++) { if (!(alloc % apl)) { printk("\n"); printk("%spcpu-alloc: ", lvl); } printk("[%0*d] ", group_width, group); for (unit_end += upa; unit < unit_end; unit++) if (gi->cpu_map[unit] != NR_CPUS) printk("%0*d ", cpu_width, gi->cpu_map[unit]); else printk("%s ", empty_str); } } printk("\n"); } /** * pcpu_setup_first_chunk - initialize the first percpu chunk * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info describing how to percpu area is shaped * @base_addr: mapped address * * Initialize the first percpu chunk which contains the kernel static * perpcu area. This function is to be called from arch percpu area * setup path. * * @ai contains all information necessary to initialize the first * chunk and prime the dynamic percpu allocator. * * @ai->static_size is the size of static percpu area. * * @ai->reserved_size, if non-zero, specifies the amount of bytes to * reserve after the static area in the first chunk. This reserves * the first chunk such that it's available only through reserved * percpu allocation. This is primarily used to serve module percpu * static areas on architectures where the addressing model has * limited offset range for symbol relocations to guarantee module * percpu symbols fall inside the relocatable range. * * @ai->dyn_size determines the number of bytes available for dynamic * allocation in the first chunk. The area between @ai->static_size + * @ai->reserved_size + @ai->dyn_size and @ai->unit_size is unused. * * @ai->unit_size specifies unit size and must be aligned to PAGE_SIZE * and equal to or larger than @ai->static_size + @ai->reserved_size + * @ai->dyn_size. * * @ai->atom_size is the allocation atom size and used as alignment * for vm areas. * * @ai->alloc_size is the allocation size and always multiple of * @ai->atom_size. This is larger than @ai->atom_size if * @ai->unit_size is larger than @ai->atom_size. * * @ai->nr_groups and @ai->groups describe virtual memory layout of * percpu areas. Units which should be colocated are put into the * same group. Dynamic VM areas will be allocated according to these * groupings. If @ai->nr_groups is zero, a single group containing * all units is assumed. * * The caller should have mapped the first chunk at @base_addr and * copied static data to each unit. * * If the first chunk ends up with both reserved and dynamic areas, it * is served by two chunks - one to serve the core static and reserved * areas and the other for the dynamic area. They share the same vm * and page map but uses different area allocation map to stay away * from each other. The latter chunk is circulated in the chunk slots * and available for dynamic allocation like any other chunks. * * RETURNS: * 0 on success, -errno on failure. */ int __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai, void *base_addr) { static int smap[2], dmap[2]; size_t dyn_size = ai->dyn_size; size_t size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + dyn_size; struct pcpu_chunk *schunk, *dchunk = NULL; unsigned long *group_offsets; size_t *group_sizes; unsigned long *unit_off; unsigned int cpu; int *unit_map; int group, unit, i; /* sanity checks */ BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(smap) >= PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC || ARRAY_SIZE(dmap) >= PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC); BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups <= 0); BUG_ON(!ai->static_size); BUG_ON(!base_addr); BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < size_sum); BUG_ON(ai->unit_size & ~PAGE_MASK); BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE); pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_DEBUG, ai); /* process group information and build config tables accordingly */ group_offsets = alloc_bootmem(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_offsets[0])); group_sizes = alloc_bootmem(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_sizes[0])); unit_map = alloc_bootmem(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_map[0])); unit_off = alloc_bootmem(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_off[0])); for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpu_ids; cpu++) unit_map[cpu] = NR_CPUS; pcpu_first_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS; for (group = 0, unit = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++, unit += i) { const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group]; group_offsets[group] = gi->base_offset; group_sizes[group] = gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size; for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++) { cpu = gi->cpu_map[i]; if (cpu == NR_CPUS) continue; BUG_ON(cpu > nr_cpu_ids || !cpu_possible(cpu)); BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] != NR_CPUS); unit_map[cpu] = unit + i; unit_off[cpu] = gi->base_offset + i * ai->unit_size; if (pcpu_first_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS) pcpu_first_unit_cpu = cpu; } } pcpu_last_unit_cpu = cpu; pcpu_nr_units = unit; for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] == NR_CPUS); pcpu_nr_groups = ai->nr_groups; pcpu_group_offsets = group_offsets; pcpu_group_sizes = group_sizes; pcpu_unit_map = unit_map; pcpu_unit_offsets = unit_off; /* determine basic parameters */ pcpu_unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT; pcpu_unit_size = pcpu_unit_pages << PAGE_SHIFT; pcpu_atom_size = ai->atom_size; pcpu_chunk_struct_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk) + BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) * sizeof(unsigned long); /* * Allocate chunk slots. The additional last slot is for * empty chunks. */ pcpu_nr_slots = __pcpu_size_to_slot(pcpu_unit_size) + 2; pcpu_slot = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_nr_slots * sizeof(pcpu_slot[0])); for (i = 0; i < pcpu_nr_slots; i++) INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcpu_slot[i]); /* * Initialize static chunk. If reserved_size is zero, the * static chunk covers static area + dynamic allocation area * in the first chunk. If reserved_size is not zero, it * covers static area + reserved area (mostly used for module * static percpu allocation). */ schunk = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_chunk_struct_size); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&schunk->list); schunk->base_addr = base_addr; schunk->map = smap; schunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(smap); schunk->immutable = true; bitmap_fill(schunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages); if (ai->reserved_size) { schunk->free_size = ai->reserved_size; pcpu_reserved_chunk = schunk; pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size; } else { schunk->free_size = dyn_size; dyn_size = 0; /* dynamic area covered */ } schunk->contig_hint = schunk->free_size; schunk->map[schunk->map_used++] = -ai->static_size; if (schunk->free_size) schunk->map[schunk->map_used++] = schunk->free_size; /* init dynamic chunk if necessary */ if (dyn_size) { dchunk = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_chunk_struct_size); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dchunk->list); dchunk->base_addr = base_addr; dchunk->map = dmap; dchunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(dmap); dchunk->immutable = true; bitmap_fill(dchunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages); dchunk->contig_hint = dchunk->free_size = dyn_size; dchunk->map[dchunk->map_used++] = -pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit; dchunk->map[dchunk->map_used++] = dchunk->free_size; } /* link the first chunk in */ pcpu_first_chunk = dchunk ?: schunk; pcpu_chunk_relocate(pcpu_first_chunk, -1); /* we're done */ pcpu_base_addr = base_addr; return 0; } const char *pcpu_fc_names[PCPU_FC_NR] __initdata = { [PCPU_FC_AUTO] = "auto", [PCPU_FC_EMBED] = "embed", [PCPU_FC_PAGE] = "page", [PCPU_FC_LPAGE] = "lpage", }; enum pcpu_fc pcpu_chosen_fc __initdata = PCPU_FC_AUTO; static int __init percpu_alloc_setup(char *str) { if (0) /* nada */; #ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK else if (!strcmp(str, "embed")) pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_EMBED; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK else if (!strcmp(str, "page")) pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_LPAGE_FIRST_CHUNK else if (!strcmp(str, "lpage")) pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_LPAGE; #endif else pr_warning("PERCPU: unknown allocator %s specified\n", str); return 0; } early_param("percpu_alloc", percpu_alloc_setup); #if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || \ !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA) /** * pcpu_embed_first_chunk - embed the first percpu chunk into bootmem * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes * @dyn_size: free size for dynamic allocation in bytes, -1 for auto * @atom_size: allocation atom size * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page * @free_fn: funtion to free percpu page * * This is a helper to ease setting up embedded first percpu chunk and * can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected. * * If this function is used to setup the first chunk, it is allocated * by calling @alloc_fn and used as-is without being mapped into * vmalloc area. Allocations are always whole multiples of @atom_size * aligned to @atom_size. * * This enables the first chunk to piggy back on the linear physical * mapping which often uses larger page size. Please note that this * can result in very sparse cpu->unit mapping on NUMA machines thus * requiring large vmalloc address space. Don't use this allocator if * vmalloc space is not orders of magnitude larger than distances * between node memory addresses (ie. 32bit NUMA machines). * * When @dyn_size is positive, dynamic area might be larger than * specified to fill page alignment. When @dyn_size is auto, * @dyn_size is just big enough to fill page alignment after static * and reserved areas. * * If the needed size is smaller than the minimum or specified unit * size, the leftover is returned using @free_fn. * * RETURNS: * 0 on success, -errno on failure. */ int __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size, ssize_t dyn_size, size_t atom_size, pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn, pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn, pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn) { void *base = (void *)ULONG_MAX; void **areas = NULL; struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai; size_t size_sum, areas_size; int group, i, rc; ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, dyn_size, atom_size, cpu_distance_fn); if (IS_ERR(ai)) return PTR_ERR(ai); size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + ai->dyn_size; areas_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(void *)); areas = alloc_bootmem_nopanic(areas_size); if (!areas) { rc = -ENOMEM; goto out_free; } /* allocate, copy and determine base address */ for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) { struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group]; unsigned int cpu = NR_CPUS; void *ptr; for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units && cpu == NR_CPUS; i++) cpu = gi->cpu_map[i]; BUG_ON(cpu == NR_CPUS); /* allocate space for the whole group */ ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size, atom_size); if (!ptr) { rc = -ENOMEM; goto out_free_areas; } areas[group] = ptr; base = min(ptr, base); for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++, ptr += ai->unit_size) { if (gi->cpu_map[i] == NR_CPUS) { /* unused unit, free whole */ free_fn(ptr, ai->unit_size); continue; } /* copy and return the unused part */ memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size); free_fn(ptr + size_sum, ai->unit_size - size_sum); } } /* base address is now known, determine group base offsets */ for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) ai->groups[group].base_offset = areas[group] - base; pr_info("PERCPU: Embedded %zu pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu\n", PFN_DOWN(size_sum), base, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size, ai->unit_size); rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, base); goto out_free; out_free_areas: for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) free_fn(areas[group], ai->groups[group].nr_units * ai->unit_size); out_free: pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai); if (areas) free_bootmem(__pa(areas), areas_size); return rc; } #endif /* CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK || !CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */ #ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK /** * pcpu_page_first_chunk - map the first chunk using PAGE_SIZE pages * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE * @free_fn: funtion to free percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE * @populate_pte_fn: function to populate pte * * This is a helper to ease setting up page-remapped first percpu * chunk and can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected. * * This is the basic allocator. Static percpu area is allocated * page-by-page into vmalloc area. * * RETURNS: * 0 on success, -errno on failure. */ int __init pcpu_page_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size, pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn, pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn, pcpu_fc_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn) { static struct vm_struct vm; struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai; char psize_str[16]; int unit_pages; size_t pages_size; struct page **pages; int unit, i, j, rc; snprintf(psize_str, sizeof(psize_str), "%luK", PAGE_SIZE >> 10); ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, -1, PAGE_SIZE, NULL); if (IS_ERR(ai)) return PTR_ERR(ai); BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups != 1); BUG_ON(ai->groups[0].nr_units != num_possible_cpus()); unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT; /* unaligned allocations can't be freed, round up to page size */ pages_size = PFN_ALIGN(unit_pages * num_possible_cpus() * sizeof(pages[0])); pages = alloc_bootmem(pages_size); /* allocate pages */ j = 0; for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++) { unsigned int cpu = ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit]; void *ptr; ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE); if (!ptr) { pr_warning("PERCPU: failed to allocate %s page " "for cpu%u\n", psize_str, cpu); goto enomem; } pages[j++] = virt_to_page(ptr); } /* allocate vm area, map the pages and copy static data */ vm.flags = VM_ALLOC; vm.size = num_possible_cpus() * ai->unit_size; vm_area_register_early(&vm, PAGE_SIZE); for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) { unsigned long unit_addr = (unsigned long)vm.addr + unit * ai->unit_size; for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++) populate_pte_fn(unit_addr + (i << PAGE_SHIFT)); /* pte already populated, the following shouldn't fail */ rc = __pcpu_map_pages(unit_addr, &pages[unit * unit_pages], unit_pages); if (rc < 0) panic("failed to map percpu area, err=%d\n", rc); /* * FIXME: Archs with virtual cache should flush local * cache for the linear mapping here - something * equivalent to flush_cache_vmap() on the local cpu. * flush_cache_vmap() can't be used as most supporting * data structures are not set up yet. */ /* copy static data */ memcpy((void *)unit_addr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size); } /* we're ready, commit */ pr_info("PERCPU: %d %s pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu\n", unit_pages, psize_str, vm.addr, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size); rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, vm.addr); goto out_free_ar; enomem: while (--j >= 0) free_fn(page_address(pages[j]), PAGE_SIZE); rc = -ENOMEM; out_free_ar: free_bootmem(__pa(pages), pages_size); pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai); return rc; } #endif /* CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */ #ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_LPAGE_FIRST_CHUNK struct pcpul_ent { void *ptr; void *map_addr; }; static size_t pcpul_size; static size_t pcpul_lpage_size; static int pcpul_nr_lpages; static struct pcpul_ent *pcpul_map; static bool __init pcpul_unit_to_cpu(int unit, const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai, unsigned int *cpup) { int group, cunit; for (group = 0, cunit = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) { const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group]; if (unit < cunit + gi->nr_units) { if (cpup) *cpup = gi->cpu_map[unit - cunit]; return true; } cunit += gi->nr_units; } return false; } static int __init pcpul_cpu_to_unit(int cpu, const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai) { int group, unit, i; for (group = 0, unit = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++, unit += i) { const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group]; for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++) if (gi->cpu_map[i] == cpu) return unit + i; } BUG(); } /** * pcpu_lpage_first_chunk - remap the first percpu chunk using large page * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu lpage, always called with lpage_size * @free_fn: function to free percpu memory, @size <= lpage_size * @map_fn: function to map percpu lpage, always called with lpage_size * * This allocator uses large page to build and map the first chunk. * Unlike other helpers, the caller should provide fully initialized * @ai. This can be done using pcpu_build_alloc_info(). This two * stage initialization is to allow arch code to evaluate the * parameters before committing to it. * * Large pages are allocated as directed by @unit_map and other * parameters and mapped to vmalloc space. Unused holes are returned * to the page allocator. Note that these holes end up being actively * mapped twice - once to the physical mapping and to the vmalloc area * for the first percpu chunk. Depending on architecture, this might * cause problem when changing page attributes of the returned area. * These double mapped areas can be detected using * pcpu_lpage_remapped(). * * RETURNS: * 0 on success, -errno on failure. */ int __init pcpu_lpage_first_chunk(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai, pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn, pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn, pcpu_fc_map_fn_t map_fn) { static struct vm_struct vm; const size_t lpage_size = ai->atom_size; size_t chunk_size, map_size; unsigned int cpu; int i, j, unit, nr_units, rc; nr_units = 0; for (i = 0; i < ai->nr_groups; i++) nr_units += ai->groups[i].nr_units; chunk_size = ai->unit_size * nr_units; BUG_ON(chunk_size % lpage_size); pcpul_size = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + ai->dyn_size; pcpul_lpage_size = lpage_size; pcpul_nr_lpages = chunk_size / lpage_size; /* allocate pointer array and alloc large pages */ map_size = pcpul_nr_lpages * sizeof(pcpul_map[0]); pcpul_map = alloc_bootmem(map_size); /* allocate all pages */ for (i = 0; i < pcpul_nr_lpages; i++) { size_t offset = i * lpage_size; int first_unit = offset / ai->unit_size; int last_unit = (offset + lpage_size - 1) / ai->unit_size; void *ptr; /* find out which cpu is mapped to this unit */ for (unit = first_unit; unit <= last_unit; unit++) if (pcpul_unit_to_cpu(unit, ai, &cpu)) goto found; continue; found: ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, lpage_size, lpage_size); if (!ptr) { pr_warning("PERCPU: failed to allocate large page " "for cpu%u\n", cpu); goto enomem; } pcpul_map[i].ptr = ptr; } /* return unused holes */ for (unit = 0; unit < nr_units; unit++) { size_t start = unit * ai->unit_size; size_t end = start + ai->unit_size; size_t off, next; /* don't free used part of occupied unit */ if (pcpul_unit_to_cpu(unit, ai, NULL)) start += pcpul_size; /* unit can span more than one page, punch the holes */ for (off = start; off < end; off = next) { void *ptr = pcpul_map[off / lpage_size].ptr; next = min(roundup(off + 1, lpage_size), end); if (ptr) free_fn(ptr + off % lpage_size, next - off); } } /* allocate address, map and copy */ vm.flags = VM_ALLOC; vm.size = chunk_size; vm_area_register_early(&vm, ai->unit_size); for (i = 0; i < pcpul_nr_lpages; i++) { if (!pcpul_map[i].ptr) continue; pcpul_map[i].map_addr = vm.addr + i * lpage_size; map_fn(pcpul_map[i].ptr, lpage_size, pcpul_map[i].map_addr); } for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) memcpy(vm.addr + pcpul_cpu_to_unit(cpu, ai) * ai->unit_size, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size); /* we're ready, commit */ pr_info("PERCPU: large pages @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu\n", vm.addr, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size, ai->unit_size); rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, vm.addr); /* * Sort pcpul_map array for pcpu_lpage_remapped(). Unmapped * lpages are pushed to the end and trimmed. */ for (i = 0; i < pcpul_nr_lpages - 1; i++) for (j = i + 1; j < pcpul_nr_lpages; j++) { struct pcpul_ent tmp; if (!pcpul_map[j].ptr) continue; if (pcpul_map[i].ptr && pcpul_map[i].ptr < pcpul_map[j].ptr) continue; tmp = pcpul_map[i]; pcpul_map[i] = pcpul_map[j]; pcpul_map[j] = tmp; } while (pcpul_nr_lpages && !pcpul_map[pcpul_nr_lpages - 1].ptr) pcpul_nr_lpages--; return rc; enomem: for (i = 0; i < pcpul_nr_lpages; i++) if (pcpul_map[i].ptr) free_fn(pcpul_map[i].ptr, lpage_size); free_bootmem(__pa(pcpul_map), map_size); return -ENOMEM; } /** * pcpu_lpage_remapped - determine whether a kaddr is in pcpul recycled area * @kaddr: the kernel address in question * * Determine whether @kaddr falls in the pcpul recycled area. This is * used by pageattr to detect VM aliases and break up the pcpu large * page mapping such that the same physical page is not mapped under * different attributes. * * The recycled area is always at the tail of a partially used large * page. * * RETURNS: * Address of corresponding remapped pcpu address if match is found; * otherwise, NULL. */ void *pcpu_lpage_remapped(void *kaddr) { unsigned long lpage_mask = pcpul_lpage_size - 1; void *lpage_addr = (void *)((unsigned long)kaddr & ~lpage_mask); unsigned long offset = (unsigned long)kaddr & lpage_mask; int left = 0, right = pcpul_nr_lpages - 1; int pos; /* pcpul in use at all? */ if (!pcpul_map) return NULL; /* okay, perform binary search */ while (left <= right) { pos = (left + right) / 2; if (pcpul_map[pos].ptr < lpage_addr) left = pos + 1; else if (pcpul_map[pos].ptr > lpage_addr) right = pos - 1; else return pcpul_map[pos].map_addr + offset; } return NULL; } #endif /* CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_LPAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */ /* * Generic percpu area setup. * * The embedding helper is used because its behavior closely resembles * the original non-dynamic generic percpu area setup. This is * important because many archs have addressing restrictions and might * fail if the percpu area is located far away from the previous * location. As an added bonus, in non-NUMA cases, embedding is * generally a good idea TLB-wise because percpu area can piggy back * on the physical linear memory mapping which uses large page * mappings on applicable archs. */ #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly; EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset); static void * __init pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc(unsigned int cpu, size_t size, size_t align) { return __alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size, align, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS)); } static void __init pcpu_dfl_fc_free(void *ptr, size_t size) { free_bootmem(__pa(ptr), size); } void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { unsigned long delta; unsigned int cpu; int rc; /* * Always reserve area for module percpu variables. That's * what the legacy allocator did. */ rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE, PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE, PAGE_SIZE, NULL, pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc, pcpu_dfl_fc_free); if (rc < 0) panic("Failed to initialized percpu areas."); delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start; for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) __per_cpu_offset[cpu] = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu]; } #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */