744 lines
37 KiB
Plaintext
744 lines
37 KiB
Plaintext
The CIFS VFS support for Linux supports many advanced network filesystem
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features such as hierarchical dfs like namespace, hardlinks, locking and more.
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It was designed to comply with the SNIA CIFS Technical Reference (which
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supersedes the 1992 X/Open SMB Standard) as well as to perform best practice
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practical interoperability with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Samba and equivalent
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servers. This code was developed in participation with the Protocol Freedom
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Information Foundation.
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Please see
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http://protocolfreedom.org/ and
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http://samba.org/samba/PFIF/
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for more details.
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For questions or bug reports please contact:
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sfrench@samba.org (sfrench@us.ibm.com)
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Build instructions:
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==================
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For Linux 2.4:
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1) Get the kernel source (e.g.from http://www.kernel.org)
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and download the cifs vfs source (see the project page
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at http://us1.samba.org/samba/Linux_CIFS_client.html)
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and change directory into the top of the kernel directory
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then patch the kernel (e.g. "patch -p1 < cifs_24.patch")
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to add the cifs vfs to your kernel configure options if
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it has not already been added (e.g. current SuSE and UL
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users do not need to apply the cifs_24.patch since the cifs vfs is
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already in the kernel configure menu) and then
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mkdir linux/fs/cifs and then copy the current cifs vfs files from
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the cifs download to your kernel build directory e.g.
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cp <cifs_download_dir>/fs/cifs/* to <kernel_download_dir>/fs/cifs
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2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig)
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3) select cifs from within the network filesystem choices
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4) save and exit
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5) make dep
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6) make modules (or "make" if CIFS VFS not to be built as a module)
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For Linux 2.6:
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1) Download the kernel (e.g. from http://www.kernel.org)
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and change directory into the top of the kernel directory tree
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(e.g. /usr/src/linux-2.5.73)
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2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig)
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3) select cifs from within the network filesystem choices
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4) save and exit
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5) make
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Installation instructions:
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=========================
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If you have built the CIFS vfs as module (successfully) simply
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type "make modules_install" (or if you prefer, manually copy the file to
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the modules directory e.g. /lib/modules/2.4.10-4GB/kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.o).
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If you have built the CIFS vfs into the kernel itself, follow the instructions
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for your distribution on how to install a new kernel (usually you
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would simply type "make install").
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If you do not have the utility mount.cifs (in the Samba 3.0 source tree and on
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the CIFS VFS web site) copy it to the same directory in which mount.smbfs and
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similar files reside (usually /sbin). Although the helper software is not
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required, mount.cifs is recommended. Eventually the Samba 3.0 utility program
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"net" may also be helpful since it may someday provide easier mount syntax for
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users who are used to Windows e.g.
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net use <mount point> <UNC name or cifs URL>
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Note that running the Winbind pam/nss module (logon service) on all of your
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Linux clients is useful in mapping Uids and Gids consistently across the
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domain to the proper network user. The mount.cifs mount helper can be
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trivially built from Samba 3.0 or later source e.g. by executing:
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gcc samba/source/client/mount.cifs.c -o mount.cifs
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If cifs is built as a module, then the size and number of network buffers
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and maximum number of simultaneous requests to one server can be configured.
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Changing these from their defaults is not recommended. By executing modinfo
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modinfo kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko
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on kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko the list of configuration changes that can be made
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at module initialization time (by running insmod cifs.ko) can be seen.
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Allowing User Mounts
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====================
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To permit users to mount and unmount over directories they own is possible
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with the cifs vfs. A way to enable such mounting is to mark the mount.cifs
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utility as suid (e.g. "chmod +s /sbin/mount.cifs). To enable users to
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umount shares they mount requires
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1) mount.cifs version 1.4 or later
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2) an entry for the share in /etc/fstab indicating that a user may
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unmount it e.g.
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//server/usersharename /mnt/username cifs user 0 0
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Note that when the mount.cifs utility is run suid (allowing user mounts),
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in order to reduce risks, the "nosuid" mount flag is passed in on mount to
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disallow execution of an suid program mounted on the remote target.
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When mount is executed as root, nosuid is not passed in by default,
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and execution of suid programs on the remote target would be enabled
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by default. This can be changed, as with nfs and other filesystems,
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by simply specifying "nosuid" among the mount options. For user mounts
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though to be able to pass the suid flag to mount requires rebuilding
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mount.cifs with the following flag:
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gcc samba/source/client/mount.cifs.c -DCIFS_ALLOW_USR_SUID -o mount.cifs
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There is a corresponding manual page for cifs mounting in the Samba 3.0 and
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later source tree in docs/manpages/mount.cifs.8
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Allowing User Unmounts
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======================
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To permit users to ummount directories that they have user mounted (see above),
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the utility umount.cifs may be used. It may be invoked directly, or if
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umount.cifs is placed in /sbin, umount can invoke the cifs umount helper
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(at least for most versions of the umount utility) for umount of cifs
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mounts, unless umount is invoked with -i (which will avoid invoking a umount
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helper). As with mount.cifs, to enable user unmounts umount.cifs must be marked
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as suid (e.g. "chmod +s /sbin/umount.cifs") or equivalent (some distributions
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allow adding entries to a file to the /etc/permissions file to achieve the
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equivalent suid effect). For this utility to succeed the target path
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must be a cifs mount, and the uid of the current user must match the uid
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of the user who mounted the resource.
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Also note that the customary way of allowing user mounts and unmounts is
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(instead of using mount.cifs and unmount.cifs as suid) to add a line
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to the file /etc/fstab for each //server/share you wish to mount, but
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this can become unwieldy when potential mount targets include many
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or unpredictable UNC names.
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Samba Considerations
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====================
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To get the maximum benefit from the CIFS VFS, we recommend using a server that
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supports the SNIA CIFS Unix Extensions standard (e.g. Samba 2.2.5 or later or
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Samba 3.0) but the CIFS vfs works fine with a wide variety of CIFS servers.
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Note that uid, gid and file permissions will display default values if you do
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not have a server that supports the Unix extensions for CIFS (such as Samba
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2.2.5 or later). To enable the Unix CIFS Extensions in the Samba server, add
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the line:
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unix extensions = yes
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to your smb.conf file on the server. Note that the following smb.conf settings
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are also useful (on the Samba server) when the majority of clients are Unix or
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Linux:
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case sensitive = yes
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delete readonly = yes
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ea support = yes
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Note that server ea support is required for supporting xattrs from the Linux
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cifs client, and that EA support is present in later versions of Samba (e.g.
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3.0.6 and later (also EA support works in all versions of Windows, at least to
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shares on NTFS filesystems). Extended Attribute (xattr) support is an optional
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feature of most Linux filesystems which may require enabling via
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make menuconfig. Client support for extended attributes (user xattr) can be
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disabled on a per-mount basis by specifying "nouser_xattr" on mount.
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The CIFS client can get and set POSIX ACLs (getfacl, setfacl) to Samba servers
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version 3.10 and later. Setting POSIX ACLs requires enabling both XATTR and
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then POSIX support in the CIFS configuration options when building the cifs
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module. POSIX ACL support can be disabled on a per mount basic by specifying
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"noacl" on mount.
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Some administrators may want to change Samba's smb.conf "map archive" and
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"create mask" parameters from the default. Unless the create mask is changed
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newly created files can end up with an unnecessarily restrictive default mode,
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which may not be what you want, although if the CIFS Unix extensions are
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enabled on the server and client, subsequent setattr calls (e.g. chmod) can
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fix the mode. Note that creating special devices (mknod) remotely
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may require specifying a mkdev function to Samba if you are not using
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Samba 3.0.6 or later. For more information on these see the manual pages
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("man smb.conf") on the Samba server system. Note that the cifs vfs,
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unlike the smbfs vfs, does not read the smb.conf on the client system
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(the few optional settings are passed in on mount via -o parameters instead).
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Note that Samba 2.2.7 or later includes a fix that allows the CIFS VFS to delete
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open files (required for strict POSIX compliance). Windows Servers already
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supported this feature. Samba server does not allow symlinks that refer to files
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outside of the share, so in Samba versions prior to 3.0.6, most symlinks to
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files with absolute paths (ie beginning with slash) such as:
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ln -s /mnt/foo bar
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would be forbidden. Samba 3.0.6 server or later includes the ability to create
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such symlinks safely by converting unsafe symlinks (ie symlinks to server
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files that are outside of the share) to a samba specific format on the server
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that is ignored by local server applications and non-cifs clients and that will
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not be traversed by the Samba server). This is opaque to the Linux client
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application using the cifs vfs. Absolute symlinks will work to Samba 3.0.5 or
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later, but only for remote clients using the CIFS Unix extensions, and will
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be invisbile to Windows clients and typically will not affect local
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applications running on the same server as Samba.
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Use instructions:
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================
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Once the CIFS VFS support is built into the kernel or installed as a module
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(cifs.o), you can use mount syntax like the following to access Samba or Windows
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servers:
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mount -t cifs //9.53.216.11/e$ /mnt -o user=myname,pass=mypassword
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Before -o the option -v may be specified to make the mount.cifs
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mount helper display the mount steps more verbosely.
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After -o the following commonly used cifs vfs specific options
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are supported:
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user=<username>
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pass=<password>
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domain=<domain name>
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Other cifs mount options are described below. Use of TCP names (in addition to
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ip addresses) is available if the mount helper (mount.cifs) is installed. If
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you do not trust the server to which are mounted, or if you do not have
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cifs signing enabled (and the physical network is insecure), consider use
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of the standard mount options "noexec" and "nosuid" to reduce the risk of
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running an altered binary on your local system (downloaded from a hostile server
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or altered by a hostile router).
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Although mounting using format corresponding to the CIFS URL specification is
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not possible in mount.cifs yet, it is possible to use an alternate format
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for the server and sharename (which is somewhat similar to NFS style mount
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syntax) instead of the more widely used UNC format (i.e. \\server\share):
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mount -t cifs tcp_name_of_server:share_name /mnt -o user=myname,pass=mypasswd
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When using the mount helper mount.cifs, passwords may be specified via alternate
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mechanisms, instead of specifying it after -o using the normal "pass=" syntax
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on the command line:
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1) By including it in a credential file. Specify credentials=filename as one
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of the mount options. Credential files contain two lines
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username=someuser
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password=your_password
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2) By specifying the password in the PASSWD environment variable (similarly
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the user name can be taken from the USER environment variable).
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3) By specifying the password in a file by name via PASSWD_FILE
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4) By specifying the password in a file by file descriptor via PASSWD_FD
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If no password is provided, mount.cifs will prompt for password entry
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Restrictions
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============
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Servers must support either "pure-TCP" (port 445 TCP/IP CIFS connections) or RFC
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1001/1002 support for "Netbios-Over-TCP/IP." This is not likely to be a
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problem as most servers support this.
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Valid filenames differ between Windows and Linux. Windows typically restricts
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filenames which contain certain reserved characters (e.g.the character :
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which is used to delimit the beginning of a stream name by Windows), while
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Linux allows a slightly wider set of valid characters in filenames. Windows
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servers can remap such characters when an explicit mapping is specified in
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the Server's registry. Samba starting with version 3.10 will allow such
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filenames (ie those which contain valid Linux characters, which normally
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would be forbidden for Windows/CIFS semantics) as long as the server is
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configured for Unix Extensions (and the client has not disabled
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/proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled).
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CIFS VFS Mount Options
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======================
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A partial list of the supported mount options follows:
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user The user name to use when trying to establish
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the CIFS session.
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password The user password. If the mount helper is
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installed, the user will be prompted for password
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if not supplied.
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ip The ip address of the target server
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unc The target server Universal Network Name (export) to
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mount.
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domain Set the SMB/CIFS workgroup name prepended to the
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username during CIFS session establishment
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forceuid Set the default uid for inodes to the uid
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passed in on mount. For mounts to servers
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which do support the CIFS Unix extensions, such as a
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properly configured Samba server, the server provides
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the uid, gid and mode so this parameter should not be
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specified unless the server and clients uid and gid
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numbering differ. If the server and client are in the
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same domain (e.g. running winbind or nss_ldap) and
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the server supports the Unix Extensions then the uid
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and gid can be retrieved from the server (and uid
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and gid would not have to be specifed on the mount.
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For servers which do not support the CIFS Unix
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extensions, the default uid (and gid) returned on lookup
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of existing files will be the uid (gid) of the person
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who executed the mount (root, except when mount.cifs
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is configured setuid for user mounts) unless the "uid="
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(gid) mount option is specified. Also note that permission
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checks (authorization checks) on accesses to a file occur
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at the server, but there are cases in which an administrator
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may want to restrict at the client as well. For those
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servers which do not report a uid/gid owner
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(such as Windows), permissions can also be checked at the
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client, and a crude form of client side permission checking
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can be enabled by specifying file_mode and dir_mode on
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the client. (default)
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forcegid (similar to above but for the groupid instead of uid) (default)
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noforceuid Fill in file owner information (uid) by requesting it from
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the server if possible. With this option, the value given in
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the uid= option (on mount) will only be used if the server
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can not support returning uids on inodes.
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noforcegid (similar to above but for the group owner, gid, instead of uid)
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uid Set the default uid for inodes, and indicate to the
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cifs kernel driver which local user mounted. If the server
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supports the unix extensions the default uid is
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not used to fill in the owner fields of inodes (files)
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unless the "forceuid" parameter is specified.
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gid Set the default gid for inodes (similar to above).
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file_mode If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server
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this overrides the default mode for file inodes.
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dir_mode If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server
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this overrides the default mode for directory inodes.
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port attempt to contact the server on this tcp port, before
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trying the usual ports (port 445, then 139).
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iocharset Codepage used to convert local path names to and from
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Unicode. Unicode is used by default for network path
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names if the server supports it. If iocharset is
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not specified then the nls_default specified
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during the local client kernel build will be used.
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If server does not support Unicode, this parameter is
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unused.
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rsize default read size (usually 16K). The client currently
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can not use rsize larger than CIFSMaxBufSize. CIFSMaxBufSize
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defaults to 16K and may be changed (from 8K to the maximum
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kmalloc size allowed by your kernel) at module install time
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for cifs.ko. Setting CIFSMaxBufSize to a very large value
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will cause cifs to use more memory and may reduce performance
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in some cases. To use rsize greater than 127K (the original
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cifs protocol maximum) also requires that the server support
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a new Unix Capability flag (for very large read) which some
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newer servers (e.g. Samba 3.0.26 or later) do. rsize can be
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set from a minimum of 2048 to a maximum of 130048 (127K or
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CIFSMaxBufSize, whichever is smaller)
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wsize default write size (default 57344)
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maximum wsize currently allowed by CIFS is 57344 (fourteen
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4096 byte pages)
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rw mount the network share read-write (note that the
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server may still consider the share read-only)
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ro mount network share read-only
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version used to distinguish different versions of the
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mount helper utility (not typically needed)
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sep if first mount option (after the -o), overrides
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the comma as the separator between the mount
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parms. e.g.
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-o user=myname,password=mypassword,domain=mydom
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could be passed instead with period as the separator by
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-o sep=.user=myname.password=mypassword.domain=mydom
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this might be useful when comma is contained within username
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or password or domain. This option is less important
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when the cifs mount helper cifs.mount (version 1.1 or later)
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is used.
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nosuid Do not allow remote executables with the suid bit
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program to be executed. This is only meaningful for mounts
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to servers such as Samba which support the CIFS Unix Extensions.
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If you do not trust the servers in your network (your mount
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targets) it is recommended that you specify this option for
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greater security.
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exec Permit execution of binaries on the mount.
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noexec Do not permit execution of binaries on the mount.
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dev Recognize block devices on the remote mount.
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nodev Do not recognize devices on the remote mount.
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suid Allow remote files on this mountpoint with suid enabled to
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be executed (default for mounts when executed as root,
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nosuid is default for user mounts).
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credentials Although ignored by the cifs kernel component, it is used by
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the mount helper, mount.cifs. When mount.cifs is installed it
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opens and reads the credential file specified in order
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to obtain the userid and password arguments which are passed to
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the cifs vfs.
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guest Although ignored by the kernel component, the mount.cifs
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mount helper will not prompt the user for a password
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if guest is specified on the mount options. If no
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password is specified a null password will be used.
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perm Client does permission checks (vfs_permission check of uid
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and gid of the file against the mode and desired operation),
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Note that this is in addition to the normal ACL check on the
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target machine done by the server software.
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Client permission checking is enabled by default.
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noperm Client does not do permission checks. This can expose
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files on this mount to access by other users on the local
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client system. It is typically only needed when the server
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supports the CIFS Unix Extensions but the UIDs/GIDs on the
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client and server system do not match closely enough to allow
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access by the user doing the mount, but it may be useful with
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non CIFS Unix Extension mounts for cases in which the default
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mode is specified on the mount but is not to be enforced on the
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client (e.g. perhaps when MultiUserMount is enabled)
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Note that this does not affect the normal ACL check on the
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target machine done by the server software (of the server
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ACL against the user name provided at mount time).
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serverino Use server's inode numbers instead of generating automatically
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incrementing inode numbers on the client. Although this will
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make it easier to spot hardlinked files (as they will have
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the same inode numbers) and inode numbers may be persistent,
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note that the server does not guarantee that the inode numbers
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are unique if multiple server side mounts are exported under a
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single share (since inode numbers on the servers might not
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be unique if multiple filesystems are mounted under the same
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shared higher level directory). Note that some older
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(e.g. pre-Windows 2000) do not support returning UniqueIDs
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or the CIFS Unix Extensions equivalent and for those
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this mount option will have no effect. Exporting cifs mounts
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under nfsd requires this mount option on the cifs mount.
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This is now the default if server supports the
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required network operation.
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noserverino Client generates inode numbers (rather than using the actual one
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from the server). These inode numbers will vary after
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unmount or reboot which can confuse some applications,
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but not all server filesystems support unique inode
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numbers.
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setuids If the CIFS Unix extensions are negotiated with the server
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the client will attempt to set the effective uid and gid of
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the local process on newly created files, directories, and
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devices (create, mkdir, mknod). If the CIFS Unix Extensions
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are not negotiated, for newly created files and directories
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instead of using the default uid and gid specified on
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the mount, cache the new file's uid and gid locally which means
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that the uid for the file can change when the inode is
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reloaded (or the user remounts the share).
|
|
nosetuids The client will not attempt to set the uid and gid on
|
|
on newly created files, directories, and devices (create,
|
|
mkdir, mknod) which will result in the server setting the
|
|
uid and gid to the default (usually the server uid of the
|
|
user who mounted the share). Letting the server (rather than
|
|
the client) set the uid and gid is the default. If the CIFS
|
|
Unix Extensions are not negotiated then the uid and gid for
|
|
new files will appear to be the uid (gid) of the mounter or the
|
|
uid (gid) parameter specified on the mount.
|
|
netbiosname When mounting to servers via port 139, specifies the RFC1001
|
|
source name to use to represent the client netbios machine
|
|
name when doing the RFC1001 netbios session initialize.
|
|
direct Do not do inode data caching on files opened on this mount.
|
|
This precludes mmaping files on this mount. In some cases
|
|
with fast networks and little or no caching benefits on the
|
|
client (e.g. when the application is doing large sequential
|
|
reads bigger than page size without rereading the same data)
|
|
this can provide better performance than the default
|
|
behavior which caches reads (readahead) and writes
|
|
(writebehind) through the local Linux client pagecache
|
|
if oplock (caching token) is granted and held. Note that
|
|
direct allows write operations larger than page size
|
|
to be sent to the server.
|
|
acl Allow setfacl and getfacl to manage posix ACLs if server
|
|
supports them. (default)
|
|
noacl Do not allow setfacl and getfacl calls on this mount
|
|
user_xattr Allow getting and setting user xattrs (those attributes whose
|
|
name begins with "user." or "os2.") as OS/2 EAs (extended
|
|
attributes) to the server. This allows support of the
|
|
setfattr and getfattr utilities. (default)
|
|
nouser_xattr Do not allow getfattr/setfattr to get/set/list xattrs
|
|
mapchars Translate six of the seven reserved characters (not backslash)
|
|
*?<>|:
|
|
to the remap range (above 0xF000), which also
|
|
allows the CIFS client to recognize files created with
|
|
such characters by Windows's POSIX emulation. This can
|
|
also be useful when mounting to most versions of Samba
|
|
(which also forbids creating and opening files
|
|
whose names contain any of these seven characters).
|
|
This has no effect if the server does not support
|
|
Unicode on the wire.
|
|
nomapchars Do not translate any of these seven characters (default).
|
|
nocase Request case insensitive path name matching (case
|
|
sensitive is the default if the server suports it).
|
|
(mount option "ignorecase" is identical to "nocase")
|
|
posixpaths If CIFS Unix extensions are supported, attempt to
|
|
negotiate posix path name support which allows certain
|
|
characters forbidden in typical CIFS filenames, without
|
|
requiring remapping. (default)
|
|
noposixpaths If CIFS Unix extensions are supported, do not request
|
|
posix path name support (this may cause servers to
|
|
reject creatingfile with certain reserved characters).
|
|
nounix Disable the CIFS Unix Extensions for this mount (tree
|
|
connection). This is rarely needed, but it may be useful
|
|
in order to turn off multiple settings all at once (ie
|
|
posix acls, posix locks, posix paths, symlink support
|
|
and retrieving uids/gids/mode from the server) or to
|
|
work around a bug in server which implement the Unix
|
|
Extensions.
|
|
nobrl Do not send byte range lock requests to the server.
|
|
This is necessary for certain applications that break
|
|
with cifs style mandatory byte range locks (and most
|
|
cifs servers do not yet support requesting advisory
|
|
byte range locks).
|
|
forcemandatorylock Even if the server supports posix (advisory) byte range
|
|
locking, send only mandatory lock requests. For some
|
|
(presumably rare) applications, originally coded for
|
|
DOS/Windows, which require Windows style mandatory byte range
|
|
locking, they may be able to take advantage of this option,
|
|
forcing the cifs client to only send mandatory locks
|
|
even if the cifs server would support posix advisory locks.
|
|
"forcemand" is accepted as a shorter form of this mount
|
|
option.
|
|
nostrictsync If this mount option is set, when an application does an
|
|
fsync call then the cifs client does not send an SMB Flush
|
|
to the server (to force the server to write all dirty data
|
|
for this file immediately to disk), although cifs still sends
|
|
all dirty (cached) file data to the server and waits for the
|
|
server to respond to the write. Since SMB Flush can be
|
|
very slow, and some servers may be reliable enough (to risk
|
|
delaying slightly flushing the data to disk on the server),
|
|
turning on this option may be useful to improve performance for
|
|
applications that fsync too much, at a small risk of server
|
|
crash. If this mount option is not set, by default cifs will
|
|
send an SMB flush request (and wait for a response) on every
|
|
fsync call.
|
|
nodfs Disable DFS (global name space support) even if the
|
|
server claims to support it. This can help work around
|
|
a problem with parsing of DFS paths with Samba server
|
|
versions 3.0.24 and 3.0.25.
|
|
remount remount the share (often used to change from ro to rw mounts
|
|
or vice versa)
|
|
cifsacl Report mode bits (e.g. on stat) based on the Windows ACL for
|
|
the file. (EXPERIMENTAL)
|
|
servern Specify the server 's netbios name (RFC1001 name) to use
|
|
when attempting to setup a session to the server.
|
|
This is needed for mounting to some older servers (such
|
|
as OS/2 or Windows 98 and Windows ME) since they do not
|
|
support a default server name. A server name can be up
|
|
to 15 characters long and is usually uppercased.
|
|
sfu When the CIFS Unix Extensions are not negotiated, attempt to
|
|
create device files and fifos in a format compatible with
|
|
Services for Unix (SFU). In addition retrieve bits 10-12
|
|
of the mode via the SETFILEBITS extended attribute (as
|
|
SFU does). In the future the bottom 9 bits of the
|
|
mode also will be emulated using queries of the security
|
|
descriptor (ACL).
|
|
sign Must use packet signing (helps avoid unwanted data modification
|
|
by intermediate systems in the route). Note that signing
|
|
does not work with lanman or plaintext authentication.
|
|
seal Must seal (encrypt) all data on this mounted share before
|
|
sending on the network. Requires support for Unix Extensions.
|
|
Note that this differs from the sign mount option in that it
|
|
causes encryption of data sent over this mounted share but other
|
|
shares mounted to the same server are unaffected.
|
|
locallease This option is rarely needed. Fcntl F_SETLEASE is
|
|
used by some applications such as Samba and NFSv4 server to
|
|
check to see whether a file is cacheable. CIFS has no way
|
|
to explicitly request a lease, but can check whether a file
|
|
is cacheable (oplocked). Unfortunately, even if a file
|
|
is not oplocked, it could still be cacheable (ie cifs client
|
|
could grant fcntl leases if no other local processes are using
|
|
the file) for cases for example such as when the server does not
|
|
support oplocks and the user is sure that the only updates to
|
|
the file will be from this client. Specifying this mount option
|
|
will allow the cifs client to check for leases (only) locally
|
|
for files which are not oplocked instead of denying leases
|
|
in that case. (EXPERIMENTAL)
|
|
sec Security mode. Allowed values are:
|
|
none attempt to connection as a null user (no name)
|
|
krb5 Use Kerberos version 5 authentication
|
|
krb5i Use Kerberos authentication and packet signing
|
|
ntlm Use NTLM password hashing (default)
|
|
ntlmi Use NTLM password hashing with signing (if
|
|
/proc/fs/cifs/PacketSigningEnabled on or if
|
|
server requires signing also can be the default)
|
|
ntlmv2 Use NTLMv2 password hashing
|
|
ntlmv2i Use NTLMv2 password hashing with packet signing
|
|
lanman (if configured in kernel config) use older
|
|
lanman hash
|
|
hard Retry file operations if server is not responding
|
|
soft Limit retries to unresponsive servers (usually only
|
|
one retry) before returning an error. (default)
|
|
|
|
The mount.cifs mount helper also accepts a few mount options before -o
|
|
including:
|
|
|
|
-S take password from stdin (equivalent to setting the environment
|
|
variable "PASSWD_FD=0"
|
|
-V print mount.cifs version
|
|
-? display simple usage information
|
|
|
|
With most 2.6 kernel versions of modutils, the version of the cifs kernel
|
|
module can be displayed via modinfo.
|
|
|
|
Misc /proc/fs/cifs Flags and Debug Info
|
|
=======================================
|
|
Informational pseudo-files:
|
|
DebugData Displays information about active CIFS sessions
|
|
and shares, as well as the cifs.ko version.
|
|
Stats Lists summary resource usage information as well as per
|
|
share statistics, if CONFIG_CIFS_STATS in enabled
|
|
in the kernel configuration.
|
|
|
|
Configuration pseudo-files:
|
|
MultiuserMount If set to one, more than one CIFS session to
|
|
the same server ip address can be established
|
|
if more than one uid accesses the same mount
|
|
point and if the uids user/password mapping
|
|
information is available. (default is 0)
|
|
PacketSigningEnabled If set to one, cifs packet signing is enabled
|
|
and will be used if the server requires
|
|
it. If set to two, cifs packet signing is
|
|
required even if the server considers packet
|
|
signing optional. (default 1)
|
|
SecurityFlags Flags which control security negotiation and
|
|
also packet signing. Authentication (may/must)
|
|
flags (e.g. for NTLM and/or NTLMv2) may be combined with
|
|
the signing flags. Specifying two different password
|
|
hashing mechanisms (as "must use") on the other hand
|
|
does not make much sense. Default flags are
|
|
0x07007
|
|
(NTLM, NTLMv2 and packet signing allowed). The maximum
|
|
allowable flags if you want to allow mounts to servers
|
|
using weaker password hashes is 0x37037 (lanman,
|
|
plaintext, ntlm, ntlmv2, signing allowed). Some
|
|
SecurityFlags require the corresponding menuconfig
|
|
options to be enabled (lanman and plaintext require
|
|
CONFIG_CIFS_WEAK_PW_HASH for example). Enabling
|
|
plaintext authentication currently requires also
|
|
enabling lanman authentication in the security flags
|
|
because the cifs module only supports sending
|
|
laintext passwords using the older lanman dialect
|
|
form of the session setup SMB. (e.g. for authentication
|
|
using plain text passwords, set the SecurityFlags
|
|
to 0x30030):
|
|
|
|
may use packet signing 0x00001
|
|
must use packet signing 0x01001
|
|
may use NTLM (most common password hash) 0x00002
|
|
must use NTLM 0x02002
|
|
may use NTLMv2 0x00004
|
|
must use NTLMv2 0x04004
|
|
may use Kerberos security 0x00008
|
|
must use Kerberos 0x08008
|
|
may use lanman (weak) password hash 0x00010
|
|
must use lanman password hash 0x10010
|
|
may use plaintext passwords 0x00020
|
|
must use plaintext passwords 0x20020
|
|
(reserved for future packet encryption) 0x00040
|
|
|
|
cifsFYI If set to non-zero value, additional debug information
|
|
will be logged to the system error log. This field
|
|
contains three flags controlling different classes of
|
|
debugging entries. The maximum value it can be set
|
|
to is 7 which enables all debugging points (default 0).
|
|
Some debugging statements are not compiled into the
|
|
cifs kernel unless CONFIG_CIFS_DEBUG2 is enabled in the
|
|
kernel configuration. cifsFYI may be set to one or
|
|
nore of the following flags (7 sets them all):
|
|
|
|
log cifs informational messages 0x01
|
|
log return codes from cifs entry points 0x02
|
|
log slow responses (ie which take longer than 1 second)
|
|
CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 must be enabled in .config 0x04
|
|
|
|
|
|
traceSMB If set to one, debug information is logged to the
|
|
system error log with the start of smb requests
|
|
and responses (default 0)
|
|
LookupCacheEnable If set to one, inode information is kept cached
|
|
for one second improving performance of lookups
|
|
(default 1)
|
|
OplockEnabled If set to one, safe distributed caching enabled.
|
|
(default 1)
|
|
LinuxExtensionsEnabled If set to one then the client will attempt to
|
|
use the CIFS "UNIX" extensions which are optional
|
|
protocol enhancements that allow CIFS servers
|
|
to return accurate UID/GID information as well
|
|
as support symbolic links. If you use servers
|
|
such as Samba that support the CIFS Unix
|
|
extensions but do not want to use symbolic link
|
|
support and want to map the uid and gid fields
|
|
to values supplied at mount (rather than the
|
|
actual values, then set this to zero. (default 1)
|
|
Experimental When set to 1 used to enable certain experimental
|
|
features (currently enables multipage writes
|
|
when signing is enabled, the multipage write
|
|
performance enhancement was disabled when
|
|
signing turned on in case buffer was modified
|
|
just before it was sent, also this flag will
|
|
be used to use the new experimental directory change
|
|
notification code). When set to 2 enables
|
|
an additional experimental feature, "raw ntlmssp"
|
|
session establishment support (which allows
|
|
specifying "sec=ntlmssp" on mount). The Linux cifs
|
|
module will use ntlmv2 authentication encapsulated
|
|
in "raw ntlmssp" (not using SPNEGO) when
|
|
"sec=ntlmssp" is specified on mount.
|
|
This support also requires building cifs with
|
|
the CONFIG_CIFS_EXPERIMENTAL configuration flag.
|
|
|
|
These experimental features and tracing can be enabled by changing flags in
|
|
/proc/fs/cifs (after the cifs module has been installed or built into the
|
|
kernel, e.g. insmod cifs). To enable a feature set it to 1 e.g. to enable
|
|
tracing to the kernel message log type:
|
|
|
|
echo 7 > /proc/fs/cifs/cifsFYI
|
|
|
|
cifsFYI functions as a bit mask. Setting it to 1 enables additional kernel
|
|
logging of various informational messages. 2 enables logging of non-zero
|
|
SMB return codes while 4 enables logging of requests that take longer
|
|
than one second to complete (except for byte range lock requests).
|
|
Setting it to 4 requires defining CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 manually in the
|
|
source code (typically by setting it in the beginning of cifsglob.h),
|
|
and setting it to seven enables all three. Finally, tracing
|
|
the start of smb requests and responses can be enabled via:
|
|
|
|
echo 1 > /proc/fs/cifs/traceSMB
|
|
|
|
Two other experimental features are under development. To test these
|
|
requires enabling CONFIG_CIFS_EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
cifsacl support needed to retrieve approximated mode bits based on
|
|
the contents on the CIFS ACL.
|
|
|
|
lease support: cifs will check the oplock state before calling into
|
|
the vfs to see if we can grant a lease on a file.
|
|
|
|
DNOTIFY fcntl: needed for support of directory change
|
|
notification and perhaps later for file leases)
|
|
|
|
Per share (per client mount) statistics are available in /proc/fs/cifs/Stats
|
|
if the kernel was configured with cifs statistics enabled. The statistics
|
|
represent the number of successful (ie non-zero return code from the server)
|
|
SMB responses to some of the more common commands (open, delete, mkdir etc.).
|
|
Also recorded is the total bytes read and bytes written to the server for
|
|
that share. Note that due to client caching effects this can be less than the
|
|
number of bytes read and written by the application running on the client.
|
|
The statistics for the number of total SMBs and oplock breaks are different in
|
|
that they represent all for that share, not just those for which the server
|
|
returned success.
|
|
|
|
Also note that "cat /proc/fs/cifs/DebugData" will display information about
|
|
the active sessions and the shares that are mounted.
|
|
|
|
Enabling Kerberos (extended security) works but requires version 1.2 or later
|
|
of the helper program cifs.upcall to be present and to be configured in the
|
|
/etc/request-key.conf file. The cifs.upcall helper program is from the Samba
|
|
project(http://www.samba.org). NTLM and NTLMv2 and LANMAN support do not
|
|
require this helper. Note that NTLMv2 security (which does not require the
|
|
cifs.upcall helper program), instead of using Kerberos, is sufficient for
|
|
some use cases.
|
|
|
|
DFS support allows transparent redirection to shares in an MS-DFS name space.
|
|
In addition, DFS support for target shares which are specified as UNC
|
|
names which begin with host names (rather than IP addresses) requires
|
|
a user space helper (such as cifs.upcall) to be present in order to
|
|
translate host names to ip address, and the user space helper must also
|
|
be configured in the file /etc/request-key.conf. Samba, Windows servers and
|
|
many NAS appliances support DFS as a way of constructing a global name
|
|
space to ease network configuration and improve reliability.
|
|
|
|
To use cifs Kerberos and DFS support, the Linux keyutils package should be
|
|
installed and something like the following lines should be added to the
|
|
/etc/request-key.conf file:
|
|
|
|
create cifs.spnego * * /usr/local/sbin/cifs.upcall %k
|
|
create dns_resolver * * /usr/local/sbin/cifs.upcall %k
|
|
|
|
|