linux/tools/perf/util/symbol-elf.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <inttypes.h>

#include "symbol.h"
#include "demangle-java.h"
#include "demangle-rust.h"
#include "machine.h"
#include "vdso.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "sane_ctype.h"
#include <symbol/kallsyms.h>

#ifndef EM_AARCH64
#define EM_AARCH64	183  /* ARM 64 bit */
#endif

typedef Elf64_Nhdr GElf_Nhdr;

#ifdef HAVE_CPLUS_DEMANGLE_SUPPORT
extern char *cplus_demangle(const char *, int);

static inline char *bfd_demangle(void __maybe_unused *v, const char *c, int i)
{
	return cplus_demangle(c, i);
}
#else
#ifdef NO_DEMANGLE
static inline char *bfd_demangle(void __maybe_unused *v,
				 const char __maybe_unused *c,
				 int __maybe_unused i)
{
	return NULL;
}
#else
#define PACKAGE 'perf'
#include <bfd.h>
#endif
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_ELF_GETPHDRNUM_SUPPORT
static int elf_getphdrnum(Elf *elf, size_t *dst)
{
	GElf_Ehdr gehdr;
	GElf_Ehdr *ehdr;

	ehdr = gelf_getehdr(elf, &gehdr);
	if (!ehdr)
		return -1;

	*dst = ehdr->e_phnum;

	return 0;
}
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_ELF_GETSHDRSTRNDX_SUPPORT
static int elf_getshdrstrndx(Elf *elf __maybe_unused, size_t *dst __maybe_unused)
{
	pr_err("%s: update your libelf to > 0.140, this one lacks elf_getshdrstrndx().\n", __func__);
	return -1;
}
#endif

#ifndef NT_GNU_BUILD_ID
#define NT_GNU_BUILD_ID 3
#endif

/**
 * elf_symtab__for_each_symbol - iterate thru all the symbols
 *
 * @syms: struct elf_symtab instance to iterate
 * @idx: uint32_t idx
 * @sym: GElf_Sym iterator
 */
#define elf_symtab__for_each_symbol(syms, nr_syms, idx, sym) \
	for (idx = 0, gelf_getsym(syms, idx, &sym);\
	     idx < nr_syms; \
	     idx++, gelf_getsym(syms, idx, &sym))

static inline uint8_t elf_sym__type(const GElf_Sym *sym)
{
	return GELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info);
}

#ifndef STT_GNU_IFUNC
#define STT_GNU_IFUNC 10
#endif

static inline int elf_sym__is_function(const GElf_Sym *sym)
{
	return (elf_sym__type(sym) == STT_FUNC ||
		elf_sym__type(sym) == STT_GNU_IFUNC) &&
	       sym->st_name != 0 &&
	       sym->st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF;
}

static inline bool elf_sym__is_object(const GElf_Sym *sym)
{
	return elf_sym__type(sym) == STT_OBJECT &&
		sym->st_name != 0 &&
		sym->st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF;
}

static inline int elf_sym__is_label(const GElf_Sym *sym)
{
	return elf_sym__type(sym) == STT_NOTYPE &&
		sym->st_name != 0 &&
		sym->st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF &&
		sym->st_shndx != SHN_ABS;
}

static bool elf_sym__is_a(GElf_Sym *sym, enum map_type type)
{
	switch (type) {
	case MAP__FUNCTION:
		return elf_sym__is_function(sym);
	case MAP__VARIABLE:
		return elf_sym__is_object(sym);
	default:
		return false;
	}
}

static inline const char *elf_sym__name(const GElf_Sym *sym,
					const Elf_Data *symstrs)
{
	return symstrs->d_buf + sym->st_name;
}

static inline const char *elf_sec__name(const GElf_Shdr *shdr,
					const Elf_Data *secstrs)
{
	return secstrs->d_buf + shdr->sh_name;
}

static inline int elf_sec__is_text(const GElf_Shdr *shdr,
					const Elf_Data *secstrs)
{
	return strstr(elf_sec__name(shdr, secstrs), "text") != NULL;
}

static inline bool elf_sec__is_data(const GElf_Shdr *shdr,
				    const Elf_Data *secstrs)
{
	return strstr(elf_sec__name(shdr, secstrs), "data") != NULL;
}

static bool elf_sec__is_a(GElf_Shdr *shdr, Elf_Data *secstrs,
			  enum map_type type)
{
	switch (type) {
	case MAP__FUNCTION:
		return elf_sec__is_text(shdr, secstrs);
	case MAP__VARIABLE:
		return elf_sec__is_data(shdr, secstrs);
	default:
		return false;
	}
}

static size_t elf_addr_to_index(Elf *elf, GElf_Addr addr)
{
	Elf_Scn *sec = NULL;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	size_t cnt = 1;

	while ((sec = elf_nextscn(elf, sec)) != NULL) {
		gelf_getshdr(sec, &shdr);

		if ((addr >= shdr.sh_addr) &&
		    (addr < (shdr.sh_addr + shdr.sh_size)))
			return cnt;

		++cnt;
	}

	return -1;
}

Elf_Scn *elf_section_by_name(Elf *elf, GElf_Ehdr *ep,
			     GElf_Shdr *shp, const char *name, size_t *idx)
{
	Elf_Scn *sec = NULL;
	size_t cnt = 1;

	/* Elf is corrupted/truncated, avoid calling elf_strptr. */
	if (!elf_rawdata(elf_getscn(elf, ep->e_shstrndx), NULL))
		return NULL;

	while ((sec = elf_nextscn(elf, sec)) != NULL) {
		char *str;

		gelf_getshdr(sec, shp);
		str = elf_strptr(elf, ep->e_shstrndx, shp->sh_name);
		if (str && !strcmp(name, str)) {
			if (idx)
				*idx = cnt;
			return sec;
		}
		++cnt;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static bool want_demangle(bool is_kernel_sym)
{
	return is_kernel_sym ? symbol_conf.demangle_kernel : symbol_conf.demangle;
}

static char *demangle_sym(struct dso *dso, int kmodule, const char *elf_name)
{
	int demangle_flags = verbose > 0 ? (DMGL_PARAMS | DMGL_ANSI) : DMGL_NO_OPTS;
	char *demangled = NULL;

	/*
	 * We need to figure out if the object was created from C++ sources
	 * DWARF DW_compile_unit has this, but we don't always have access
	 * to it...
	 */
	if (!want_demangle(dso->kernel || kmodule))
	    return demangled;

	demangled = bfd_demangle(NULL, elf_name, demangle_flags);
	if (demangled == NULL)
		demangled = java_demangle_sym(elf_name, JAVA_DEMANGLE_NORET);
	else if (rust_is_mangled(demangled))
		/*
		    * Input to Rust demangling is the BFD-demangled
		    * name which it Rust-demangles in place.
		    */
		rust_demangle_sym(demangled);

	return demangled;
}

#define elf_section__for_each_rel(reldata, pos, pos_mem, idx, nr_entries) \
	for (idx = 0, pos = gelf_getrel(reldata, 0, &pos_mem); \
	     idx < nr_entries; \
	     ++idx, pos = gelf_getrel(reldata, idx, &pos_mem))

#define elf_section__for_each_rela(reldata, pos, pos_mem, idx, nr_entries) \
	for (idx = 0, pos = gelf_getrela(reldata, 0, &pos_mem); \
	     idx < nr_entries; \
	     ++idx, pos = gelf_getrela(reldata, idx, &pos_mem))

/*
 * We need to check if we have a .dynsym, so that we can handle the
 * .plt, synthesizing its symbols, that aren't on the symtabs (be it
 * .dynsym or .symtab).
 * And always look at the original dso, not at debuginfo packages, that
 * have the PLT data stripped out (shdr_rel_plt.sh_type == SHT_NOBITS).
 */
int dso__synthesize_plt_symbols(struct dso *dso, struct symsrc *ss, struct map *map)
{
	uint32_t nr_rel_entries, idx;
	GElf_Sym sym;
	u64 plt_offset, plt_header_size, plt_entry_size;
	GElf_Shdr shdr_plt;
	struct symbol *f;
	GElf_Shdr shdr_rel_plt, shdr_dynsym;
	Elf_Data *reldata, *syms, *symstrs;
	Elf_Scn *scn_plt_rel, *scn_symstrs, *scn_dynsym;
	size_t dynsym_idx;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	char sympltname[1024];
	Elf *elf;
	int nr = 0, symidx, err = 0;

	if (!ss->dynsym)
		return 0;

	elf = ss->elf;
	ehdr = ss->ehdr;

	scn_dynsym = ss->dynsym;
	shdr_dynsym = ss->dynshdr;
	dynsym_idx = ss->dynsym_idx;

	if (scn_dynsym == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	scn_plt_rel = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr_rel_plt,
					  ".rela.plt", NULL);
	if (scn_plt_rel == NULL) {
		scn_plt_rel = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr_rel_plt,
						  ".rel.plt", NULL);
		if (scn_plt_rel == NULL)
			goto out_elf_end;
	}

	err = -1;

	if (shdr_rel_plt.sh_link != dynsym_idx)
		goto out_elf_end;

	if (elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr_plt, ".plt", NULL) == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	/*
	 * Fetch the relocation section to find the idxes to the GOT
	 * and the symbols in the .dynsym they refer to.
	 */
	reldata = elf_getdata(scn_plt_rel, NULL);
	if (reldata == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	syms = elf_getdata(scn_dynsym, NULL);
	if (syms == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	scn_symstrs = elf_getscn(elf, shdr_dynsym.sh_link);
	if (scn_symstrs == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	symstrs = elf_getdata(scn_symstrs, NULL);
	if (symstrs == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	if (symstrs->d_size == 0)
		goto out_elf_end;

	nr_rel_entries = shdr_rel_plt.sh_size / shdr_rel_plt.sh_entsize;
	plt_offset = shdr_plt.sh_offset;
	switch (ehdr.e_machine) {
		case EM_ARM:
			plt_header_size = 20;
			plt_entry_size = 12;
			break;

		case EM_AARCH64:
			plt_header_size = 32;
			plt_entry_size = 16;
			break;

		default: /* FIXME: s390/alpha/mips/parisc/poperpc/sh/sparc/xtensa need to be checked */
			plt_header_size = shdr_plt.sh_entsize;
			plt_entry_size = shdr_plt.sh_entsize;
			break;
	}
	plt_offset += plt_header_size;

	if (shdr_rel_plt.sh_type == SHT_RELA) {
		GElf_Rela pos_mem, *pos;

		elf_section__for_each_rela(reldata, pos, pos_mem, idx,
					   nr_rel_entries) {
			const char *elf_name = NULL;
			char *demangled = NULL;
			symidx = GELF_R_SYM(pos->r_info);
			gelf_getsym(syms, symidx, &sym);

			elf_name = elf_sym__name(&sym, symstrs);
			demangled = demangle_sym(dso, 0, elf_name);
			if (demangled != NULL)
				elf_name = demangled;
			snprintf(sympltname, sizeof(sympltname),
				 "%s@plt", elf_name);
			free(demangled);

			f = symbol__new(plt_offset, plt_entry_size,
					STB_GLOBAL, sympltname);
			if (!f)
				goto out_elf_end;

			plt_offset += plt_entry_size;
			symbols__insert(&dso->symbols[map->type], f);
			++nr;
		}
	} else if (shdr_rel_plt.sh_type == SHT_REL) {
		GElf_Rel pos_mem, *pos;
		elf_section__for_each_rel(reldata, pos, pos_mem, idx,
					  nr_rel_entries) {
			const char *elf_name = NULL;
			char *demangled = NULL;
			symidx = GELF_R_SYM(pos->r_info);
			gelf_getsym(syms, symidx, &sym);

			elf_name = elf_sym__name(&sym, symstrs);
			demangled = demangle_sym(dso, 0, elf_name);
			if (demangled != NULL)
				elf_name = demangled;
			snprintf(sympltname, sizeof(sympltname),
				 "%s@plt", elf_name);
			free(demangled);

			f = symbol__new(plt_offset, plt_entry_size,
					STB_GLOBAL, sympltname);
			if (!f)
				goto out_elf_end;

			plt_offset += plt_entry_size;
			symbols__insert(&dso->symbols[map->type], f);
			++nr;
		}
	}

	err = 0;
out_elf_end:
	if (err == 0)
		return nr;
	pr_debug("%s: problems reading %s PLT info.\n",
		 __func__, dso->long_name);
	return 0;
}

char *dso__demangle_sym(struct dso *dso, int kmodule, const char *elf_name)
{
	return demangle_sym(dso, kmodule, elf_name);
}

/*
 * Align offset to 4 bytes as needed for note name and descriptor data.
 */
#define NOTE_ALIGN(n) (((n) + 3) & -4U)

static int elf_read_build_id(Elf *elf, void *bf, size_t size)
{
	int err = -1;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	Elf_Data *data;
	Elf_Scn *sec;
	Elf_Kind ek;
	void *ptr;

	if (size < BUILD_ID_SIZE)
		goto out;

	ek = elf_kind(elf);
	if (ek != ELF_K_ELF)
		goto out;

	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL) {
		pr_err("%s: cannot get elf header.\n", __func__);
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Check following sections for notes:
	 *   '.note.gnu.build-id'
	 *   '.notes'
	 *   '.note' (VDSO specific)
	 */
	do {
		sec = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr,
					  ".note.gnu.build-id", NULL);
		if (sec)
			break;

		sec = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr,
					  ".notes", NULL);
		if (sec)
			break;

		sec = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr,
					  ".note", NULL);
		if (sec)
			break;

		return err;

	} while (0);

	data = elf_getdata(sec, NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		goto out;

	ptr = data->d_buf;
	while (ptr < (data->d_buf + data->d_size)) {
		GElf_Nhdr *nhdr = ptr;
		size_t namesz = NOTE_ALIGN(nhdr->n_namesz),
		       descsz = NOTE_ALIGN(nhdr->n_descsz);
		const char *name;

		ptr += sizeof(*nhdr);
		name = ptr;
		ptr += namesz;
		if (nhdr->n_type == NT_GNU_BUILD_ID &&
		    nhdr->n_namesz == sizeof("GNU")) {
			if (memcmp(name, "GNU", sizeof("GNU")) == 0) {
				size_t sz = min(size, descsz);
				memcpy(bf, ptr, sz);
				memset(bf + sz, 0, size - sz);
				err = descsz;
				break;
			}
		}
		ptr += descsz;
	}

out:
	return err;
}

int filename__read_build_id(const char *filename, void *bf, size_t size)
{
	int fd, err = -1;
	Elf *elf;

	if (size < BUILD_ID_SIZE)
		goto out;

	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
		goto out;

	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
	if (elf == NULL) {
		pr_debug2("%s: cannot read %s ELF file.\n", __func__, filename);
		goto out_close;
	}

	err = elf_read_build_id(elf, bf, size);

	elf_end(elf);
out_close:
	close(fd);
out:
	return err;
}

int sysfs__read_build_id(const char *filename, void *build_id, size_t size)
{
	int fd, err = -1;

	if (size < BUILD_ID_SIZE)
		goto out;

	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
		goto out;

	while (1) {
		char bf[BUFSIZ];
		GElf_Nhdr nhdr;
		size_t namesz, descsz;

		if (read(fd, &nhdr, sizeof(nhdr)) != sizeof(nhdr))
			break;

		namesz = NOTE_ALIGN(nhdr.n_namesz);
		descsz = NOTE_ALIGN(nhdr.n_descsz);
		if (nhdr.n_type == NT_GNU_BUILD_ID &&
		    nhdr.n_namesz == sizeof("GNU")) {
			if (read(fd, bf, namesz) != (ssize_t)namesz)
				break;
			if (memcmp(bf, "GNU", sizeof("GNU")) == 0) {
				size_t sz = min(descsz, size);
				if (read(fd, build_id, sz) == (ssize_t)sz) {
					memset(build_id + sz, 0, size - sz);
					err = 0;
					break;
				}
			} else if (read(fd, bf, descsz) != (ssize_t)descsz)
				break;
		} else {
			int n = namesz + descsz;

			if (n > (int)sizeof(bf)) {
				n = sizeof(bf);
				pr_debug("%s: truncating reading of build id in sysfs file %s: n_namesz=%u, n_descsz=%u.\n",
					 __func__, filename, nhdr.n_namesz, nhdr.n_descsz);
			}
			if (read(fd, bf, n) != n)
				break;
		}
	}
	close(fd);
out:
	return err;
}

int filename__read_debuglink(const char *filename, char *debuglink,
			     size_t size)
{
	int fd, err = -1;
	Elf *elf;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	Elf_Data *data;
	Elf_Scn *sec;
	Elf_Kind ek;

	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
		goto out;

	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
	if (elf == NULL) {
		pr_debug2("%s: cannot read %s ELF file.\n", __func__, filename);
		goto out_close;
	}

	ek = elf_kind(elf);
	if (ek != ELF_K_ELF)
		goto out_elf_end;

	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL) {
		pr_err("%s: cannot get elf header.\n", __func__);
		goto out_elf_end;
	}

	sec = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr,
				  ".gnu_debuglink", NULL);
	if (sec == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	data = elf_getdata(sec, NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	/* the start of this section is a zero-terminated string */
	strncpy(debuglink, data->d_buf, size);

	err = 0;

out_elf_end:
	elf_end(elf);
out_close:
	close(fd);
out:
	return err;
}

static int dso__swap_init(struct dso *dso, unsigned char eidata)
{
	static unsigned int const endian = 1;

	dso->needs_swap = DSO_SWAP__NO;

	switch (eidata) {
	case ELFDATA2LSB:
		/* We are big endian, DSO is little endian. */
		if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 1)
			dso->needs_swap = DSO_SWAP__YES;
		break;

	case ELFDATA2MSB:
		/* We are little endian, DSO is big endian. */
		if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 0)
			dso->needs_swap = DSO_SWAP__YES;
		break;

	default:
		pr_err("unrecognized DSO data encoding %d\n", eidata);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

bool symsrc__possibly_runtime(struct symsrc *ss)
{
	return ss->dynsym || ss->opdsec;
}

bool symsrc__has_symtab(struct symsrc *ss)
{
	return ss->symtab != NULL;
}

void symsrc__destroy(struct symsrc *ss)
{
	zfree(&ss->name);
	elf_end(ss->elf);
	close(ss->fd);
}

bool __weak elf__needs_adjust_symbols(GElf_Ehdr ehdr)
{
	return ehdr.e_type == ET_EXEC || ehdr.e_type == ET_REL;
}

int symsrc__init(struct symsrc *ss, struct dso *dso, const char *name,
		 enum dso_binary_type type)
{
	int err = -1;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	Elf *elf;
	int fd;

	if (dso__needs_decompress(dso)) {
		fd = dso__decompress_kmodule_fd(dso, name);
		if (fd < 0)
			return -1;

		type = dso->symtab_type;
	} else {
		fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
		if (fd < 0) {
			dso->load_errno = errno;
			return -1;
		}
	}

	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
	if (elf == NULL) {
		pr_debug("%s: cannot read %s ELF file.\n", __func__, name);
		dso->load_errno = DSO_LOAD_ERRNO__INVALID_ELF;
		goto out_close;
	}

	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL) {
		dso->load_errno = DSO_LOAD_ERRNO__INVALID_ELF;
		pr_debug("%s: cannot get elf header.\n", __func__);
		goto out_elf_end;
	}

	if (dso__swap_init(dso, ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA])) {
		dso->load_errno = DSO_LOAD_ERRNO__INTERNAL_ERROR;
		goto out_elf_end;
	}

	/* Always reject images with a mismatched build-id: */
	if (dso->has_build_id && !symbol_conf.ignore_vmlinux_buildid) {
		u8 build_id[BUILD_ID_SIZE];

		if (elf_read_build_id(elf, build_id, BUILD_ID_SIZE) < 0) {
			dso->load_errno = DSO_LOAD_ERRNO__CANNOT_READ_BUILDID;
			goto out_elf_end;
		}

		if (!dso__build_id_equal(dso, build_id)) {
			pr_debug("%s: build id mismatch for %s.\n", __func__, name);
			dso->load_errno = DSO_LOAD_ERRNO__MISMATCHING_BUILDID;
			goto out_elf_end;
		}
	}

	ss->is_64_bit = (gelf_getclass(elf) == ELFCLASS64);

	ss->symtab = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &ss->symshdr, ".symtab",
			NULL);
	if (ss->symshdr.sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB)
		ss->symtab = NULL;

	ss->dynsym_idx = 0;
	ss->dynsym = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &ss->dynshdr, ".dynsym",
			&ss->dynsym_idx);
	if (ss->dynshdr.sh_type != SHT_DYNSYM)
		ss->dynsym = NULL;

	ss->opdidx = 0;
	ss->opdsec = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &ss->opdshdr, ".opd",
			&ss->opdidx);
	if (ss->opdshdr.sh_type != SHT_PROGBITS)
		ss->opdsec = NULL;

	if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_USER)
		ss->adjust_symbols = true;
	else
		ss->adjust_symbols = elf__needs_adjust_symbols(ehdr);

	ss->name   = strdup(name);
	if (!ss->name) {
		dso->load_errno = errno;
		goto out_elf_end;
	}

	ss->elf    = elf;
	ss->fd     = fd;
	ss->ehdr   = ehdr;
	ss->type   = type;

	return 0;

out_elf_end:
	elf_end(elf);
out_close:
	close(fd);
	return err;
}

/**
 * ref_reloc_sym_not_found - has kernel relocation symbol been found.
 * @kmap: kernel maps and relocation reference symbol
 *
 * This function returns %true if we are dealing with the kernel maps and the
 * relocation reference symbol has not yet been found.  Otherwise %false is
 * returned.
 */
static bool ref_reloc_sym_not_found(struct kmap *kmap)
{
	return kmap && kmap->ref_reloc_sym && kmap->ref_reloc_sym->name &&
	       !kmap->ref_reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr;
}

/**
 * ref_reloc - kernel relocation offset.
 * @kmap: kernel maps and relocation reference symbol
 *
 * This function returns the offset of kernel addresses as determined by using
 * the relocation reference symbol i.e. if the kernel has not been relocated
 * then the return value is zero.
 */
static u64 ref_reloc(struct kmap *kmap)
{
	if (kmap && kmap->ref_reloc_sym &&
	    kmap->ref_reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr)
		return kmap->ref_reloc_sym->addr -
		       kmap->ref_reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr;
	return 0;
}

void __weak arch__sym_update(struct symbol *s __maybe_unused,
		GElf_Sym *sym __maybe_unused) { }

int dso__load_sym(struct dso *dso, struct map *map, struct symsrc *syms_ss,
		  struct symsrc *runtime_ss, int kmodule)
{
	struct kmap *kmap = dso->kernel ? map__kmap(map) : NULL;
	struct map_groups *kmaps = kmap ? map__kmaps(map) : NULL;
	struct map *curr_map = map;
	struct dso *curr_dso = dso;
	Elf_Data *symstrs, *secstrs;
	uint32_t nr_syms;
	int err = -1;
	uint32_t idx;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	GElf_Shdr tshdr;
	Elf_Data *syms, *opddata = NULL;
	GElf_Sym sym;
	Elf_Scn *sec, *sec_strndx;
	Elf *elf;
	int nr = 0;
	bool remap_kernel = false, adjust_kernel_syms = false;

	if (kmap && !kmaps)
		return -1;

	dso->symtab_type = syms_ss->type;
	dso->is_64_bit = syms_ss->is_64_bit;
	dso->rel = syms_ss->ehdr.e_type == ET_REL;

	/*
	 * Modules may already have symbols from kallsyms, but those symbols
	 * have the wrong values for the dso maps, so remove them.
	 */
	if (kmodule && syms_ss->symtab)
		symbols__delete(&dso->symbols[map->type]);

	if (!syms_ss->symtab) {
		/*
		 * If the vmlinux is stripped, fail so we will fall back
		 * to using kallsyms. The vmlinux runtime symbols aren't
		 * of much use.
		 */
		if (dso->kernel)
			goto out_elf_end;

		syms_ss->symtab  = syms_ss->dynsym;
		syms_ss->symshdr = syms_ss->dynshdr;
	}

	elf = syms_ss->elf;
	ehdr = syms_ss->ehdr;
	sec = syms_ss->symtab;
	shdr = syms_ss->symshdr;

	if (elf_section_by_name(runtime_ss->elf, &runtime_ss->ehdr, &tshdr,
				".text", NULL))
		dso->text_offset = tshdr.sh_addr - tshdr.sh_offset;

	if (runtime_ss->opdsec)
		opddata = elf_rawdata(runtime_ss->opdsec, NULL);

	syms = elf_getdata(sec, NULL);
	if (syms == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	sec = elf_getscn(elf, shdr.sh_link);
	if (sec == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	symstrs = elf_getdata(sec, NULL);
	if (symstrs == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	sec_strndx = elf_getscn(runtime_ss->elf, runtime_ss->ehdr.e_shstrndx);
	if (sec_strndx == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	secstrs = elf_getdata(sec_strndx, NULL);
	if (secstrs == NULL)
		goto out_elf_end;

	nr_syms = shdr.sh_size / shdr.sh_entsize;

	memset(&sym, 0, sizeof(sym));

	/*
	 * The kernel relocation symbol is needed in advance in order to adjust
	 * kernel maps correctly.
	 */
	if (ref_reloc_sym_not_found(kmap)) {
		elf_symtab__for_each_symbol(syms, nr_syms, idx, sym) {
			const char *elf_name = elf_sym__name(&sym, symstrs);

			if (strcmp(elf_name, kmap->ref_reloc_sym->name))
				continue;
			kmap->ref_reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr = sym.st_value;
			map->reloc = kmap->ref_reloc_sym->addr -
				     kmap->ref_reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr;
			break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Handle any relocation of vdso necessary because older kernels
	 * attempted to prelink vdso to its virtual address.
	 */
	if (dso__is_vdso(dso))
		map->reloc = map->start - dso->text_offset;

	dso->adjust_symbols = runtime_ss->adjust_symbols || ref_reloc(kmap);
	/*
	 * Initial kernel and module mappings do not map to the dso.  For
	 * function mappings, flag the fixups.
	 */
	if (map->type == MAP__FUNCTION && (dso->kernel || kmodule)) {
		remap_kernel = true;
		adjust_kernel_syms = dso->adjust_symbols;
	}
	elf_symtab__for_each_symbol(syms, nr_syms, idx, sym) {
		struct symbol *f;
		const char *elf_name = elf_sym__name(&sym, symstrs);
		char *demangled = NULL;
		int is_label = elf_sym__is_label(&sym);
		const char *section_name;
		bool used_opd = false;

		if (!is_label && !elf_sym__is_a(&sym, map->type))
			continue;

		/* Reject ARM ELF "mapping symbols": these aren't unique and
		 * don't identify functions, so will confuse the profile
		 * output: */
		if (ehdr.e_machine == EM_ARM || ehdr.e_machine == EM_AARCH64) {
			if (elf_name[0] == '$' && strchr("adtx", elf_name[1])
			    && (elf_name[2] == '\0' || elf_name[2] == '.'))
				continue;
		}

		if (runtime_ss->opdsec && sym.st_shndx == runtime_ss->opdidx) {
			u32 offset = sym.st_value - syms_ss->opdshdr.sh_addr;
			u64 *opd = opddata->d_buf + offset;
			sym.st_value = DSO__SWAP(dso, u64, *opd);
			sym.st_shndx = elf_addr_to_index(runtime_ss->elf,
					sym.st_value);
			used_opd = true;
		}
		/*
		 * When loading symbols in a data mapping, ABS symbols (which
		 * has a value of SHN_ABS in its st_shndx) failed at
		 * elf_getscn().  And it marks the loading as a failure so
		 * already loaded symbols cannot be fixed up.
		 *
		 * I'm not sure what should be done. Just ignore them for now.
		 * - Namhyung Kim
		 */
		if (sym.st_shndx == SHN_ABS)
			continue;

		sec = elf_getscn(runtime_ss->elf, sym.st_shndx);
		if (!sec)
			goto out_elf_end;

		gelf_getshdr(sec, &shdr);

		if (is_label && !elf_sec__is_a(&shdr, secstrs, map->type))
			continue;

		section_name = elf_sec__name(&shdr, secstrs);

		/* On ARM, symbols for thumb functions have 1 added to
		 * the symbol address as a flag - remove it */
		if ((ehdr.e_machine == EM_ARM) &&
		    (map->type == MAP__FUNCTION) &&
		    (sym.st_value & 1))
			--sym.st_value;

		if (dso->kernel || kmodule) {
			char dso_name[PATH_MAX];

			/* Adjust symbol to map to file offset */
			if (adjust_kernel_syms)
				sym.st_value -= shdr.sh_addr - shdr.sh_offset;

			if (strcmp(section_name,
				   (curr_dso->short_name +
				    dso->short_name_len)) == 0)
				goto new_symbol;

			if (strcmp(section_name, ".text") == 0) {
				/*
				 * The initial kernel mapping is based on
				 * kallsyms and identity maps.  Overwrite it to
				 * map to the kernel dso.
				 */
				if (remap_kernel && dso->kernel) {
					remap_kernel = false;
					map->start = shdr.sh_addr +
						     ref_reloc(kmap);
					map->end = map->start + shdr.sh_size;
					map->pgoff = shdr.sh_offset;
					map->map_ip = map__map_ip;
					map->unmap_ip = map__unmap_ip;
					/* Ensure maps are correctly ordered */
					if (kmaps) {
						map__get(map);
						map_groups__remove(kmaps, map);
						map_groups__insert(kmaps, map);
						map__put(map);
					}
				}

				/*
				 * The initial module mapping is based on
				 * /proc/modules mapped to offset zero.
				 * Overwrite it to map to the module dso.
				 */
				if (remap_kernel && kmodule) {
					remap_kernel = false;
					map->pgoff = shdr.sh_offset;
				}

				curr_map = map;
				curr_dso = dso;
				goto new_symbol;
			}

			if (!kmap)
				goto new_symbol;

			snprintf(dso_name, sizeof(dso_name),
				 "%s%s", dso->short_name, section_name);

			curr_map = map_groups__find_by_name(kmaps, map->type, dso_name);
			if (curr_map == NULL) {
				u64 start = sym.st_value;

				if (kmodule)
					start += map->start + shdr.sh_offset;

				curr_dso = dso__new(dso_name);
				if (curr_dso == NULL)
					goto out_elf_end;
				curr_dso->kernel = dso->kernel;
				curr_dso->long_name = dso->long_name;
				curr_dso->long_name_len = dso->long_name_len;
				curr_map = map__new2(start, curr_dso,
						     map->type);
				dso__put(curr_dso);
				if (curr_map == NULL) {
					goto out_elf_end;
				}
				if (adjust_kernel_syms) {
					curr_map->start = shdr.sh_addr +
							  ref_reloc(kmap);
					curr_map->end = curr_map->start +
							shdr.sh_size;
					curr_map->pgoff = shdr.sh_offset;
				} else {
					curr_map->map_ip = identity__map_ip;
					curr_map->unmap_ip = identity__map_ip;
				}
				curr_dso->symtab_type = dso->symtab_type;
				map_groups__insert(kmaps, curr_map);
				/*
				 * Add it before we drop the referece to curr_map,
				 * i.e. while we still are sure to have a reference
				 * to this DSO via curr_map->dso.
				 */
				dsos__add(&map->groups->machine->dsos, curr_dso);
				/* kmaps already got it */
				map__put(curr_map);
				dso__set_loaded(curr_dso, map->type);
			} else
				curr_dso = curr_map->dso;

			goto new_symbol;
		}

		if ((used_opd && runtime_ss->adjust_symbols)
				|| (!used_opd && syms_ss->adjust_symbols)) {
			pr_debug4("%s: adjusting symbol: st_value: %#" PRIx64 " "
				  "sh_addr: %#" PRIx64 " sh_offset: %#" PRIx64 "\n", __func__,
				  (u64)sym.st_value, (u64)shdr.sh_addr,
				  (u64)shdr.sh_offset);
			sym.st_value -= shdr.sh_addr - shdr.sh_offset;
		}
new_symbol:
		demangled = demangle_sym(dso, kmodule, elf_name);
		if (demangled != NULL)
			elf_name = demangled;

		f = symbol__new(sym.st_value, sym.st_size,
				GELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info), elf_name);
		free(demangled);
		if (!f)
			goto out_elf_end;

		arch__sym_update(f, &sym);

		__symbols__insert(&curr_dso->symbols[curr_map->type], f, dso->kernel);
		nr++;
	}

	/*
	 * For misannotated, zeroed, ASM function sizes.
	 */
	if (nr > 0) {
		symbols__fixup_end(&dso->symbols[map->type]);
		symbols__fixup_duplicate(&dso->symbols[map->type]);
		if (kmap) {
			/*
			 * We need to fixup this here too because we create new
			 * maps here, for things like vsyscall sections.
			 */
			__map_groups__fixup_end(kmaps, map->type);
		}
	}
	err = nr;
out_elf_end:
	return err;
}

static int elf_read_maps(Elf *elf, bool exe, mapfn_t mapfn, void *data)
{
	GElf_Phdr phdr;
	size_t i, phdrnum;
	int err;
	u64 sz;

	if (elf_getphdrnum(elf, &phdrnum))
		return -1;

	for (i = 0; i < phdrnum; i++) {
		if (gelf_getphdr(elf, i, &phdr) == NULL)
			return -1;
		if (phdr.p_type != PT_LOAD)
			continue;
		if (exe) {
			if (!(phdr.p_flags & PF_X))
				continue;
		} else {
			if (!(phdr.p_flags & PF_R))
				continue;
		}
		sz = min(phdr.p_memsz, phdr.p_filesz);
		if (!sz)
			continue;
		err = mapfn(phdr.p_vaddr, sz, phdr.p_offset, data);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}
	return 0;
}

int file__read_maps(int fd, bool exe, mapfn_t mapfn, void *data,
		    bool *is_64_bit)
{
	int err;
	Elf *elf;

	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
	if (elf == NULL)
		return -1;

	if (is_64_bit)
		*is_64_bit = (gelf_getclass(elf) == ELFCLASS64);

	err = elf_read_maps(elf, exe, mapfn, data);

	elf_end(elf);
	return err;
}

enum dso_type dso__type_fd(int fd)
{
	enum dso_type dso_type = DSO__TYPE_UNKNOWN;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	Elf_Kind ek;
	Elf *elf;

	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
	if (elf == NULL)
		goto out;

	ek = elf_kind(elf);
	if (ek != ELF_K_ELF)
		goto out_end;

	if (gelf_getclass(elf) == ELFCLASS64) {
		dso_type = DSO__TYPE_64BIT;
		goto out_end;
	}

	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
		goto out_end;

	if (ehdr.e_machine == EM_X86_64)
		dso_type = DSO__TYPE_X32BIT;
	else
		dso_type = DSO__TYPE_32BIT;
out_end:
	elf_end(elf);
out:
	return dso_type;
}

static int copy_bytes(int from, off_t from_offs, int to, off_t to_offs, u64 len)
{
	ssize_t r;
	size_t n;
	int err = -1;
	char *buf = malloc(page_size);

	if (buf == NULL)
		return -1;

	if (lseek(to, to_offs, SEEK_SET) != to_offs)
		goto out;

	if (lseek(from, from_offs, SEEK_SET) != from_offs)
		goto out;

	while (len) {
		n = page_size;
		if (len < n)
			n = len;
		/* Use read because mmap won't work on proc files */
		r = read(from, buf, n);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
		if (!r)
			break;
		n = r;
		r = write(to, buf, n);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
		if ((size_t)r != n)
			goto out;
		len -= n;
	}

	err = 0;
out:
	free(buf);
	return err;
}

struct kcore {
	int fd;
	int elfclass;
	Elf *elf;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
};

static int kcore__open(struct kcore *kcore, const char *filename)
{
	GElf_Ehdr *ehdr;

	kcore->fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
	if (kcore->fd == -1)
		return -1;

	kcore->elf = elf_begin(kcore->fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
	if (!kcore->elf)
		goto out_close;

	kcore->elfclass = gelf_getclass(kcore->elf);
	if (kcore->elfclass == ELFCLASSNONE)
		goto out_end;

	ehdr = gelf_getehdr(kcore->elf, &kcore->ehdr);
	if (!ehdr)
		goto out_end;

	return 0;

out_end:
	elf_end(kcore->elf);
out_close:
	close(kcore->fd);
	return -1;
}

static int kcore__init(struct kcore *kcore, char *filename, int elfclass,
		       bool temp)
{
	kcore->elfclass = elfclass;

	if (temp)
		kcore->fd = mkstemp(filename);
	else
		kcore->fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0400);
	if (kcore->fd == -1)
		return -1;

	kcore->elf = elf_begin(kcore->fd, ELF_C_WRITE, NULL);
	if (!kcore->elf)
		goto out_close;

	if (!gelf_newehdr(kcore->elf, elfclass))
		goto out_end;

	memset(&kcore->ehdr, 0, sizeof(GElf_Ehdr));

	return 0;

out_end:
	elf_end(kcore->elf);
out_close:
	close(kcore->fd);
	unlink(filename);
	return -1;
}

static void kcore__close(struct kcore *kcore)
{
	elf_end(kcore->elf);
	close(kcore->fd);
}

static int kcore__copy_hdr(struct kcore *from, struct kcore *to, size_t count)
{
	GElf_Ehdr *ehdr = &to->ehdr;
	GElf_Ehdr *kehdr = &from->ehdr;

	memcpy(ehdr->e_ident, kehdr->e_ident, EI_NIDENT);
	ehdr->e_type      = kehdr->e_type;
	ehdr->e_machine   = kehdr->e_machine;
	ehdr->e_version   = kehdr->e_version;
	ehdr->e_entry     = 0;
	ehdr->e_shoff     = 0;
	ehdr->e_flags     = kehdr->e_flags;
	ehdr->e_phnum     = count;
	ehdr->e_shentsize = 0;
	ehdr->e_shnum     = 0;
	ehdr->e_shstrndx  = 0;

	if (from->elfclass == ELFCLASS32) {
		ehdr->e_phoff     = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr);
		ehdr->e_ehsize    = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr);
		ehdr->e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Phdr);
	} else {
		ehdr->e_phoff     = sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
		ehdr->e_ehsize    = sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
		ehdr->e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
	}

	if (!gelf_update_ehdr(to->elf, ehdr))
		return -1;

	if (!gelf_newphdr(to->elf, count))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static int kcore__add_phdr(struct kcore *kcore, int idx, off_t offset,
			   u64 addr, u64 len)
{
	GElf_Phdr phdr = {
		.p_type		= PT_LOAD,
		.p_flags	= PF_R | PF_W | PF_X,
		.p_offset	= offset,
		.p_vaddr	= addr,
		.p_paddr	= 0,
		.p_filesz	= len,
		.p_memsz	= len,
		.p_align	= page_size,
	};

	if (!gelf_update_phdr(kcore->elf, idx, &phdr))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static off_t kcore__write(struct kcore *kcore)
{
	return elf_update(kcore->elf, ELF_C_WRITE);
}

struct phdr_data {
	off_t offset;
	u64 addr;
	u64 len;
};

struct kcore_copy_info {
	u64 stext;
	u64 etext;
	u64 first_symbol;
	u64 last_symbol;
	u64 first_module;
	u64 last_module_symbol;
	struct phdr_data kernel_map;
	struct phdr_data modules_map;
};

static int kcore_copy__process_kallsyms(void *arg, const char *name, char type,
					u64 start)
{
	struct kcore_copy_info *kci = arg;

	if (!symbol_type__is_a(type, MAP__FUNCTION))
		return 0;

	if (strchr(name, '[')) {
		if (start > kci->last_module_symbol)
			kci->last_module_symbol = start;
		return 0;
	}

	if (!kci->first_symbol || start < kci->first_symbol)
		kci->first_symbol = start;

	if (!kci->last_symbol || start > kci->last_symbol)
		kci->last_symbol = start;

	if (!strcmp(name, "_stext")) {
		kci->stext = start;
		return 0;
	}

	if (!strcmp(name, "_etext")) {
		kci->etext = start;
		return 0;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int kcore_copy__parse_kallsyms(struct kcore_copy_info *kci,
				      const char *dir)
{
	char kallsyms_filename[PATH_MAX];

	scnprintf(kallsyms_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/kallsyms", dir);

	if (symbol__restricted_filename(kallsyms_filename, "/proc/kallsyms"))
		return -1;

	if (kallsyms__parse(kallsyms_filename, kci,
			    kcore_copy__process_kallsyms) < 0)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static int kcore_copy__process_modules(void *arg,
				       const char *name __maybe_unused,
				       u64 start, u64 size __maybe_unused)
{
	struct kcore_copy_info *kci = arg;

	if (!kci->first_module || start < kci->first_module)
		kci->first_module = start;

	return 0;
}

static int kcore_copy__parse_modules(struct kcore_copy_info *kci,
				     const char *dir)
{
	char modules_filename[PATH_MAX];

	scnprintf(modules_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/modules", dir);

	if (symbol__restricted_filename(modules_filename, "/proc/modules"))
		return -1;

	if (modules__parse(modules_filename, kci,
			   kcore_copy__process_modules) < 0)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static void kcore_copy__map(struct phdr_data *p, u64 start, u64 end, u64 pgoff,
			    u64 s, u64 e)
{
	if (p->addr || s < start || s >= end)
		return;

	p->addr = s;
	p->offset = (s - start) + pgoff;
	p->len = e < end ? e - s : end - s;
}

static int kcore_copy__read_map(u64 start, u64 len, u64 pgoff, void *data)
{
	struct kcore_copy_info *kci = data;
	u64 end = start + len;

	kcore_copy__map(&kci->kernel_map, start, end, pgoff, kci->stext,
			kci->etext);

	kcore_copy__map(&kci->modules_map, start, end, pgoff, kci->first_module,
			kci->last_module_symbol);

	return 0;
}

static int kcore_copy__read_maps(struct kcore_copy_info *kci, Elf *elf)
{
	if (elf_read_maps(elf, true, kcore_copy__read_map, kci) < 0)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

static int kcore_copy__calc_maps(struct kcore_copy_info *kci, const char *dir,
				 Elf *elf)
{
	if (kcore_copy__parse_kallsyms(kci, dir))
		return -1;

	if (kcore_copy__parse_modules(kci, dir))
		return -1;

	if (kci->stext)
		kci->stext = round_down(kci->stext, page_size);
	else
		kci->stext = round_down(kci->first_symbol, page_size);

	if (kci->etext) {
		kci->etext = round_up(kci->etext, page_size);
	} else if (kci->last_symbol) {
		kci->etext = round_up(kci->last_symbol, page_size);
		kci->etext += page_size;
	}

	kci->first_module = round_down(kci->first_module, page_size);

	if (kci->last_module_symbol) {
		kci->last_module_symbol = round_up(kci->last_module_symbol,
						   page_size);
		kci->last_module_symbol += page_size;
	}

	if (!kci->stext || !kci->etext)
		return -1;

	if (kci->first_module && !kci->last_module_symbol)
		return -1;

	return kcore_copy__read_maps(kci, elf);
}

static int kcore_copy__copy_file(const char *from_dir, const char *to_dir,
				 const char *name)
{
	char from_filename[PATH_MAX];
	char to_filename[PATH_MAX];

	scnprintf(from_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", from_dir, name);
	scnprintf(to_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", to_dir, name);

	return copyfile_mode(from_filename, to_filename, 0400);
}

static int kcore_copy__unlink(const char *dir, const char *name)
{
	char filename[PATH_MAX];

	scnprintf(filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", dir, name);

	return unlink(filename);
}

static int kcore_copy__compare_fds(int from, int to)
{
	char *buf_from;
	char *buf_to;
	ssize_t ret;
	size_t len;
	int err = -1;

	buf_from = malloc(page_size);
	buf_to = malloc(page_size);
	if (!buf_from || !buf_to)
		goto out;

	while (1) {
		/* Use read because mmap won't work on proc files */
		ret = read(from, buf_from, page_size);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto out;

		if (!ret)
			break;

		len = ret;

		if (readn(to, buf_to, len) != (int)len)
			goto out;

		if (memcmp(buf_from, buf_to, len))
			goto out;
	}

	err = 0;
out:
	free(buf_to);
	free(buf_from);
	return err;
}

static int kcore_copy__compare_files(const char *from_filename,
				     const char *to_filename)
{
	int from, to, err = -1;

	from = open(from_filename, O_RDONLY);
	if (from < 0)
		return -1;

	to = open(to_filename, O_RDONLY);
	if (to < 0)
		goto out_close_from;

	err = kcore_copy__compare_fds(from, to);

	close(to);
out_close_from:
	close(from);
	return err;
}

static int kcore_copy__compare_file(const char *from_dir, const char *to_dir,
				    const char *name)
{
	char from_filename[PATH_MAX];
	char to_filename[PATH_MAX];

	scnprintf(from_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", from_dir, name);
	scnprintf(to_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", to_dir, name);

	return kcore_copy__compare_files(from_filename, to_filename);
}

/**
 * kcore_copy - copy kallsyms, modules and kcore from one directory to another.
 * @from_dir: from directory
 * @to_dir: to directory
 *
 * This function copies kallsyms, modules and kcore files from one directory to
 * another.  kallsyms and modules are copied entirely.  Only code segments are
 * copied from kcore.  It is assumed that two segments suffice: one for the
 * kernel proper and one for all the modules.  The code segments are determined
 * from kallsyms and modules files.  The kernel map starts at _stext or the
 * lowest function symbol, and ends at _etext or the highest function symbol.
 * The module map starts at the lowest module address and ends at the highest
 * module symbol.  Start addresses are rounded down to the nearest page.  End
 * addresses are rounded up to the nearest page.  An extra page is added to the
 * highest kernel symbol and highest module symbol to, hopefully, encompass that
 * symbol too.  Because it contains only code sections, the resulting kcore is
 * unusual.  One significant peculiarity is that the mapping (start -> pgoff)
 * is not the same for the kernel map and the modules map.  That happens because
 * the data is copied adjacently whereas the original kcore has gaps.  Finally,
 * kallsyms and modules files are compared with their copies to check that
 * modules have not been loaded or unloaded while the copies were taking place.
 *
 * Return: %0 on success, %-1 on failure.
 */
int kcore_copy(const char *from_dir, const char *to_dir)
{
	struct kcore kcore;
	struct kcore extract;
	size_t count = 2;
	int idx = 0, err = -1;
	off_t offset = page_size, sz, modules_offset = 0;
	struct kcore_copy_info kci = { .stext = 0, };
	char kcore_filename[PATH_MAX];
	char extract_filename[PATH_MAX];

	if (kcore_copy__copy_file(from_dir, to_dir, "kallsyms"))
		return -1;

	if (kcore_copy__copy_file(from_dir, to_dir, "modules"))
		goto out_unlink_kallsyms;

	scnprintf(kcore_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/kcore", from_dir);
	scnprintf(extract_filename, PATH_MAX, "%s/kcore", to_dir);

	if (kcore__open(&kcore, kcore_filename))
		goto out_unlink_modules;

	if (kcore_copy__calc_maps(&kci, from_dir, kcore.elf))
		goto out_kcore_close;

	if (kcore__init(&extract, extract_filename, kcore.elfclass, false))
		goto out_kcore_close;

	if (!kci.modules_map.addr)
		count -= 1;

	if (kcore__copy_hdr(&kcore, &extract, count))
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (kcore__add_phdr(&extract, idx++, offset, kci.kernel_map.addr,
			    kci.kernel_map.len))
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (kci.modules_map.addr) {
		modules_offset = offset + kci.kernel_map.len;
		if (kcore__add_phdr(&extract, idx, modules_offset,
				    kci.modules_map.addr, kci.modules_map.len))
			goto out_extract_close;
	}

	sz = kcore__write(&extract);
	if (sz < 0 || sz > offset)
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (copy_bytes(kcore.fd, kci.kernel_map.offset, extract.fd, offset,
		       kci.kernel_map.len))
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (modules_offset && copy_bytes(kcore.fd, kci.modules_map.offset,
					 extract.fd, modules_offset,
					 kci.modules_map.len))
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (kcore_copy__compare_file(from_dir, to_dir, "modules"))
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (kcore_copy__compare_file(from_dir, to_dir, "kallsyms"))
		goto out_extract_close;

	err = 0;

out_extract_close:
	kcore__close(&extract);
	if (err)
		unlink(extract_filename);
out_kcore_close:
	kcore__close(&kcore);
out_unlink_modules:
	if (err)
		kcore_copy__unlink(to_dir, "modules");
out_unlink_kallsyms:
	if (err)
		kcore_copy__unlink(to_dir, "kallsyms");

	return err;
}

int kcore_extract__create(struct kcore_extract *kce)
{
	struct kcore kcore;
	struct kcore extract;
	size_t count = 1;
	int idx = 0, err = -1;
	off_t offset = page_size, sz;

	if (kcore__open(&kcore, kce->kcore_filename))
		return -1;

	strcpy(kce->extract_filename, PERF_KCORE_EXTRACT);
	if (kcore__init(&extract, kce->extract_filename, kcore.elfclass, true))
		goto out_kcore_close;

	if (kcore__copy_hdr(&kcore, &extract, count))
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (kcore__add_phdr(&extract, idx, offset, kce->addr, kce->len))
		goto out_extract_close;

	sz = kcore__write(&extract);
	if (sz < 0 || sz > offset)
		goto out_extract_close;

	if (copy_bytes(kcore.fd, kce->offs, extract.fd, offset, kce->len))
		goto out_extract_close;

	err = 0;

out_extract_close:
	kcore__close(&extract);
	if (err)
		unlink(kce->extract_filename);
out_kcore_close:
	kcore__close(&kcore);

	return err;
}

void kcore_extract__delete(struct kcore_extract *kce)
{
	unlink(kce->extract_filename);
}

#ifdef HAVE_GELF_GETNOTE_SUPPORT
/**
 * populate_sdt_note : Parse raw data and identify SDT note
 * @elf: elf of the opened file
 * @data: raw data of a section with description offset applied
 * @len: note description size
 * @type: type of the note
 * @sdt_notes: List to add the SDT note
 *
 * Responsible for parsing the @data in section .note.stapsdt in @elf and
 * if its an SDT note, it appends to @sdt_notes list.
 */
static int populate_sdt_note(Elf **elf, const char *data, size_t len,
			     struct list_head *sdt_notes)
{
	const char *provider, *name, *args;
	struct sdt_note *tmp = NULL;
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	GElf_Addr base_off = 0;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	union {
		Elf64_Addr a64[NR_ADDR];
		Elf32_Addr a32[NR_ADDR];
	} buf;

	Elf_Data dst = {
		.d_buf = &buf, .d_type = ELF_T_ADDR, .d_version = EV_CURRENT,
		.d_size = gelf_fsize((*elf), ELF_T_ADDR, NR_ADDR, EV_CURRENT),
		.d_off = 0, .d_align = 0
	};
	Elf_Data src = {
		.d_buf = (void *) data, .d_type = ELF_T_ADDR,
		.d_version = EV_CURRENT, .d_size = dst.d_size, .d_off = 0,
		.d_align = 0
	};

	tmp = (struct sdt_note *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct sdt_note));
	if (!tmp) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_err;
	}

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tmp->note_list);

	if (len < dst.d_size + 3)
		goto out_free_note;

	/* Translation from file representation to memory representation */
	if (gelf_xlatetom(*elf, &dst, &src,
			  elf_getident(*elf, NULL)[EI_DATA]) == NULL) {
		pr_err("gelf_xlatetom : %s\n", elf_errmsg(-1));
		goto out_free_note;
	}

	/* Populate the fields of sdt_note */
	provider = data + dst.d_size;

	name = (const char *)memchr(provider, '\0', data + len - provider);
	if (name++ == NULL)
		goto out_free_note;

	tmp->provider = strdup(provider);
	if (!tmp->provider) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_free_note;
	}
	tmp->name = strdup(name);
	if (!tmp->name) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_free_prov;
	}

	args = memchr(name, '\0', data + len - name);

	/*
	 * There is no argument if:
	 * - We reached the end of the note;
	 * - There is not enough room to hold a potential string;
	 * - The argument string is empty or just contains ':'.
	 */
	if (args == NULL || data + len - args < 2 ||
		args[1] == ':' || args[1] == '\0')
		tmp->args = NULL;
	else {
		tmp->args = strdup(++args);
		if (!tmp->args) {
			ret = -ENOMEM;
			goto out_free_name;
		}
	}

	if (gelf_getclass(*elf) == ELFCLASS32) {
		memcpy(&tmp->addr, &buf, 3 * sizeof(Elf32_Addr));
		tmp->bit32 = true;
	} else {
		memcpy(&tmp->addr, &buf, 3 * sizeof(Elf64_Addr));
		tmp->bit32 = false;
	}

	if (!gelf_getehdr(*elf, &ehdr)) {
		pr_debug("%s : cannot get elf header.\n", __func__);
		ret = -EBADF;
		goto out_free_args;
	}

	/* Adjust the prelink effect :
	 * Find out the .stapsdt.base section.
	 * This scn will help us to handle prelinking (if present).
	 * Compare the retrieved file offset of the base section with the
	 * base address in the description of the SDT note. If its different,
	 * then accordingly, adjust the note location.
	 */
	if (elf_section_by_name(*elf, &ehdr, &shdr, SDT_BASE_SCN, NULL)) {
		base_off = shdr.sh_offset;
		if (base_off) {
			if (tmp->bit32)
				tmp->addr.a32[0] = tmp->addr.a32[0] + base_off -
					tmp->addr.a32[1];
			else
				tmp->addr.a64[0] = tmp->addr.a64[0] + base_off -
					tmp->addr.a64[1];
		}
	}

	list_add_tail(&tmp->note_list, sdt_notes);
	return 0;

out_free_args:
	free(tmp->args);
out_free_name:
	free(tmp->name);
out_free_prov:
	free(tmp->provider);
out_free_note:
	free(tmp);
out_err:
	return ret;
}

/**
 * construct_sdt_notes_list : constructs a list of SDT notes
 * @elf : elf to look into
 * @sdt_notes : empty list_head
 *
 * Scans the sections in 'elf' for the section
 * .note.stapsdt. It, then calls populate_sdt_note to find
 * out the SDT events and populates the 'sdt_notes'.
 */
static int construct_sdt_notes_list(Elf *elf, struct list_head *sdt_notes)
{
	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
	Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
	Elf_Data *data;
	GElf_Shdr shdr;
	size_t shstrndx, next;
	GElf_Nhdr nhdr;
	size_t name_off, desc_off, offset;
	int ret = 0;

	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL) {
		ret = -EBADF;
		goto out_ret;
	}
	if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf, &shstrndx) != 0) {
		ret = -EBADF;
		goto out_ret;
	}

	/* Look for the required section */
	scn = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr, SDT_NOTE_SCN, NULL);
	if (!scn) {
		ret = -ENOENT;
		goto out_ret;
	}

	if ((shdr.sh_type != SHT_NOTE) || (shdr.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC)) {
		ret = -ENOENT;
		goto out_ret;
	}

	data = elf_getdata(scn, NULL);

	/* Get the SDT notes */
	for (offset = 0; (next = gelf_getnote(data, offset, &nhdr, &name_off,
					      &desc_off)) > 0; offset = next) {
		if (nhdr.n_namesz == sizeof(SDT_NOTE_NAME) &&
		    !memcmp(data->d_buf + name_off, SDT_NOTE_NAME,
			    sizeof(SDT_NOTE_NAME))) {
			/* Check the type of the note */
			if (nhdr.n_type != SDT_NOTE_TYPE)
				goto out_ret;

			ret = populate_sdt_note(&elf, ((data->d_buf) + desc_off),
						nhdr.n_descsz, sdt_notes);
			if (ret < 0)
				goto out_ret;
		}
	}
	if (list_empty(sdt_notes))
		ret = -ENOENT;

out_ret:
	return ret;
}

/**
 * get_sdt_note_list : Wrapper to construct a list of sdt notes
 * @head : empty list_head
 * @target : file to find SDT notes from
 *
 * This opens the file, initializes
 * the ELF and then calls construct_sdt_notes_list.
 */
int get_sdt_note_list(struct list_head *head, const char *target)
{
	Elf *elf;
	int fd, ret;

	fd = open(target, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
		return -EBADF;

	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
	if (!elf) {
		ret = -EBADF;
		goto out_close;
	}
	ret = construct_sdt_notes_list(elf, head);
	elf_end(elf);
out_close:
	close(fd);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * cleanup_sdt_note_list : free the sdt notes' list
 * @sdt_notes: sdt notes' list
 *
 * Free up the SDT notes in @sdt_notes.
 * Returns the number of SDT notes free'd.
 */
int cleanup_sdt_note_list(struct list_head *sdt_notes)
{
	struct sdt_note *tmp, *pos;
	int nr_free = 0;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, tmp, sdt_notes, note_list) {
		list_del(&pos->note_list);
		free(pos->name);
		free(pos->provider);
		free(pos);
		nr_free++;
	}
	return nr_free;
}

/**
 * sdt_notes__get_count: Counts the number of sdt events
 * @start: list_head to sdt_notes list
 *
 * Returns the number of SDT notes in a list
 */
int sdt_notes__get_count(struct list_head *start)
{
	struct sdt_note *sdt_ptr;
	int count = 0;

	list_for_each_entry(sdt_ptr, start, note_list)
		count++;
	return count;
}
#endif

void symbol__elf_init(void)
{
	elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
}