linux/arch/sh/mm
Stuart Menefy 8d9a784d1e sh: Fix error synchronising kernel page tables
The problem is caused by the interaction of two features in the Linux
memory management code.

A processes address space is described by a struct mm_struct, and
every thread has a pointer to the mm it should run in. The exception
to this are kernel threads, which don't have an mm, and so borrow
the mm from the last thread which ran. The system is bootstrapped
by the initial kernel thread using init's mm (even though init hasn't
been created yet, its mm is the static init_mm).

The other feature is how the kernel handles the page table which
describes the portion of the address space which is only visible when
executing inside the kernel, and which is shared by all threads. On
the SH4 the only portion of the kernel's address space which described
using the page table is called P3, from 0xc0000000 to 0xdfffffff. This
portion of the address space is divided into three:
  - mappings for dma_alloc_coherent()
  - mappings for vmalloc() and ioremap()
  - fixmap mappings, primarily used in copy_user_pages() to create
    kernel mappings of user pages with the correct cache colour.

To optimise the TLB miss handler we don't want to add an additional
condition which checks whether the faulting address is in the user or
the kernel portion of the address space, and so all page tables have a
common portion which describes the kernel part of the address
space. As the SH4 uses a two level page table, only the kernel portion
of first level page table (the pgd entries) is duplicated. These all
point to the same second level entries (the pte's), and so no memory
is wasted.

The reference page table for the kernel is called the swapper_pg_dir,
and when a new page table is created for a new process the kernel
portion of the page table is copied from swapper_pg_dir. This works
fine when changes only occur in the second level of the kernel's page
table, or the first level entries are created before any new user
processes. However if a change occurs to the first level of the page
table, and there are existing processes which don't have this entry in
their page table, this new entry needs to be added. This is done on
demand, when the kernel accesses a P3 address which isn't mapped using
the current page table, the code in vmalloc_fault() copies the entry
from the reference page table (swapper_pg_dir) into the current
processes page table.

The bug which this patch addresses is that the code in vmalloc_fault()
was not copying addresses which fell in the dma_alloc_coherent()
portion of the address space, and it should have been copying any P3
address.

Why we hadn't seen this before, and what made this hard to reproduce,
is that normally the kernel will have called dma_alloc_coherent(), and
accessed the memory mapping created, before any user process
runs. Typically drivers such as USB or SATA will have created and used
mappings of this type during the kernel initialisation, when probing
for the attached devices, before init runs. Ethernet is slightly
different, as it normally only creates and accesses
dma_alloc_coherent() mappings when the network is brought up, but if
kernel level IP configuration is used this will also occur before any
user space process runs. So the first reproduction of this problem
which we saw was occurred when USB and SATA were removed from the
kernel, and then bring up Ethernet from user space using ifconfig.
I'd like to thank Joseph Bormolini who did the hard work reducing the
problem to this simple to reproduce criteria.

In your case the situation is slightly different, and turns out to
depends on the exact kernel configuration (which we had) and your
ramdisk contents (which we didn't - hence the need for some assumptions).

In this case the problem is a side effect of kernel level module
loading. Kernel subsystems sometimes trigger the load of kernel
modules directly, for example the crypto subsystem tries to load the
cryptomgr and MTD tries to load modules for Flash partitioning if
these are not built into the kernel. This is done by the kernel
creating a user process which runs insmod to try and load the
appropriate module.

In order for this to cause problems the system must be running with a
initrd or initramfs, which contains an insmod executable - if the
kernel can't find an insmod to run, no user process is created, and
the problem doesn't occur.  If an insmod is found, a process is
created to run it, which will inherit the kernel portion of the
swapper_pg_dir first level page table. It doesn't matter whether the
inmod is successful or not, but when the the kernel scheduler context
switches back to the kernel initialisation thread, the insmod's mm is
'borrowed' by the kernel thread, as it doesn't have an address space
of its own. (Reference counting is used to ensure this mm is not
destroyed, even though the user process which caused its creation may no
longer exist.) If this address space doesn't have a first level page
table entry for the consistent mappings, and a driver tries to access
such a mapping, we are in the same situation as described above,
except this time in a kernel thread rather than a user thread
executing inside the kernel.

See bugzilla: 15425, 15836, 15862, 16106, 16793

Signed-off-by: Stuart Menefy <stuart.menefy@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
2012-04-19 15:57:44 +09:00
..
Kconfig memblock: Kill early_node_map[] 2011-12-08 10:22:09 -08:00
Makefile sh: Enable CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL for sh 2011-02-15 16:47:17 +09:00
alignment.c sh: use printk_ratelimited instead of printk_ratelimit 2011-06-30 15:10:06 +09:00
asids-debugfs.c sh: provide generic arch_debugfs_dir. 2010-09-24 04:04:26 +09:00
cache-debugfs.c sh: fix wrong icache/dcache address-array start addr in cache-debugfs. 2011-06-06 12:30:02 +09:00
cache-sh2.c sh: Mass ctrl_in/outX to __raw_read/writeX conversion. 2010-01-26 12:58:40 +09:00
cache-sh2a.c sh: Fix sh2a build error for CONFIG_CACHE_WRITETHROUGH 2012-02-24 13:21:46 +09:00
cache-sh3.c sh: Mass ctrl_in/outX to __raw_read/writeX conversion. 2010-01-26 12:58:40 +09:00
cache-sh4.c sh: fix up fallout from system.h disintegration. 2012-03-30 19:29:57 +09:00
cache-sh5.c tree-wide: fix comment/printk typos 2010-11-01 15:38:34 -04:00
cache-sh7705.c sh: Assume new page cache pages have dirty dcache lines. 2010-12-01 15:39:51 +09:00
cache-shx3.c sh: Zero out aliases counter when using SH-X3 hardware assistance. 2010-04-20 15:37:23 +09:00
cache.c sh: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic() 2012-03-20 21:48:15 +08:00
consistent.c SH: adapt for dma_map_ops changes 2012-03-28 16:36:37 +02:00
extable_32.c sh: Split out extable.c _32 and _64 variants. 2008-01-28 13:18:44 +09:00
extable_64.c sh: comment tidying for sh64->sh migration. 2008-01-28 13:18:58 +09:00
fault_32.c sh: Fix error synchronising kernel page tables 2012-04-19 15:57:44 +09:00
fault_64.c Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH 2012-03-28 18:30:03 +01:00
flush-sh4.c sh: fix up fallout from system.h disintegration. 2012-03-30 19:29:57 +09:00
gup.c sh: lockless get_user_pages_fast() 2010-10-27 16:43:08 +09:00
hugetlbpage.c thp: pte alloc trans splitting 2011-01-13 17:32:40 -08:00
init.c memblock: s/memblock_analyze()/memblock_allow_resize()/ and update users 2011-12-08 10:22:08 -08:00
ioremap.c include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h 2010-03-30 22:02:32 +09:00
ioremap_fixed.c include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h 2010-03-30 22:02:32 +09:00
kmap.c sh: Assume new page cache pages have dirty dcache lines. 2010-12-01 15:39:51 +09:00
mmap.c fix broken aliasing checks for MAP_FIXED on sparc32, mips, arm and sh 2009-12-11 06:44:59 -05:00
nommu.c sh: stub __flush_tlb_global() definition for nommu. 2010-08-16 14:53:01 +09:00
numa.c lmb: rename to memblock 2010-07-14 17:14:00 +10:00
pgtable.c include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h 2010-03-30 22:02:32 +09:00
pmb.c Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH 2012-03-28 18:30:03 +01:00
sram.c sh: fix up fallout from system.h disintegration. 2012-03-30 19:29:57 +09:00
tlb-debugfs.c sh: provide generic arch_debugfs_dir. 2010-09-24 04:04:26 +09:00
tlb-pteaex.c Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH 2012-03-28 18:30:03 +01:00
tlb-sh3.c Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH 2012-03-28 18:30:03 +01:00
tlb-sh4.c Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH 2012-03-28 18:30:03 +01:00
tlb-sh5.c sh: Split out MMUCR.URB based entry wiring in to shared helper. 2010-01-19 15:20:35 +09:00
tlb-urb.c sh: update the TLB replacement counter for entry wiring. 2010-03-26 11:37:16 +09:00
tlbflush_32.c sh: Provide a global TLB flush for U/I-TLB clear. 2010-07-02 15:44:09 +09:00
tlbflush_64.c Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH 2012-03-28 18:30:03 +01:00
uncached.c sh: nommu: use 32-bit phys mode. 2010-11-04 12:32:24 +09:00