197 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
197 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
|
|
The Basic Device Structure
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
struct device {
|
|
struct list_head g_list;
|
|
struct list_head node;
|
|
struct list_head bus_list;
|
|
struct list_head driver_list;
|
|
struct list_head intf_list;
|
|
struct list_head children;
|
|
struct device * parent;
|
|
|
|
char name[DEVICE_NAME_SIZE];
|
|
char bus_id[BUS_ID_SIZE];
|
|
|
|
spinlock_t lock;
|
|
atomic_t refcount;
|
|
|
|
struct bus_type * bus;
|
|
struct driver_dir_entry dir;
|
|
|
|
u32 class_num;
|
|
|
|
struct device_driver *driver;
|
|
void *driver_data;
|
|
void *platform_data;
|
|
|
|
u32 current_state;
|
|
unsigned char *saved_state;
|
|
|
|
void (*release)(struct device * dev);
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
Fields
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
g_list: Node in the global device list.
|
|
|
|
node: Node in device's parent's children list.
|
|
|
|
bus_list: Node in device's bus's devices list.
|
|
|
|
driver_list: Node in device's driver's devices list.
|
|
|
|
intf_list: List of intf_data. There is one structure allocated for
|
|
each interface that the device supports.
|
|
|
|
children: List of child devices.
|
|
|
|
parent: *** FIXME ***
|
|
|
|
name: ASCII description of device.
|
|
Example: " 3Com Corporation 3c905 100BaseTX [Boomerang]"
|
|
|
|
bus_id: ASCII representation of device's bus position. This
|
|
field should be a name unique across all devices on the
|
|
bus type the device belongs to.
|
|
|
|
Example: PCI bus_ids are in the form of
|
|
<bus number>:<slot number>.<function number>
|
|
This name is unique across all PCI devices in the system.
|
|
|
|
lock: Spinlock for the device.
|
|
|
|
refcount: Reference count on the device.
|
|
|
|
bus: Pointer to struct bus_type that device belongs to.
|
|
|
|
dir: Device's sysfs directory.
|
|
|
|
class_num: Class-enumerated value of the device.
|
|
|
|
driver: Pointer to struct device_driver that controls the device.
|
|
|
|
driver_data: Driver-specific data.
|
|
|
|
platform_data: Platform data specific to the device.
|
|
|
|
Example: for devices on custom boards, as typical of embedded
|
|
and SOC based hardware, Linux often uses platform_data to point
|
|
to board-specific structures describing devices and how they
|
|
are wired. That can include what ports are available, chip
|
|
variants, which GPIO pins act in what additional roles, and so
|
|
on. This shrinks the "Board Support Packages" (BSPs) and
|
|
minimizes board-specific #ifdefs in drivers.
|
|
|
|
current_state: Current power state of the device.
|
|
|
|
saved_state: Pointer to saved state of the device. This is usable by
|
|
the device driver controlling the device.
|
|
|
|
release: Callback to free the device after all references have
|
|
gone away. This should be set by the allocator of the
|
|
device (i.e. the bus driver that discovered the device).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Programming Interface
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The bus driver that discovers the device uses this to register the
|
|
device with the core:
|
|
|
|
int device_register(struct device * dev);
|
|
|
|
The bus should initialize the following fields:
|
|
|
|
- parent
|
|
- name
|
|
- bus_id
|
|
- bus
|
|
|
|
A device is removed from the core when its reference count goes to
|
|
0. The reference count can be adjusted using:
|
|
|
|
struct device * get_device(struct device * dev);
|
|
void put_device(struct device * dev);
|
|
|
|
get_device() will return a pointer to the struct device passed to it
|
|
if the reference is not already 0 (if it's in the process of being
|
|
removed already).
|
|
|
|
A driver can access the lock in the device structure using:
|
|
|
|
void lock_device(struct device * dev);
|
|
void unlock_device(struct device * dev);
|
|
|
|
|
|
Attributes
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
struct device_attribute {
|
|
struct attribute attr;
|
|
ssize_t (*show)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
|
|
char *buf);
|
|
ssize_t (*store)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
|
|
const char *buf, size_t count);
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
Attributes of devices can be exported via drivers using a simple
|
|
procfs-like interface.
|
|
|
|
Please see Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt for more information
|
|
on how sysfs works.
|
|
|
|
Attributes are declared using a macro called DEVICE_ATTR:
|
|
|
|
#define DEVICE_ATTR(name,mode,show,store)
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
DEVICE_ATTR(power,0644,show_power,store_power);
|
|
|
|
This declares a structure of type struct device_attribute named
|
|
'dev_attr_power'. This can then be added and removed to the device's
|
|
directory using:
|
|
|
|
int device_create_file(struct device *device, struct device_attribute * entry);
|
|
void device_remove_file(struct device * dev, struct device_attribute * attr);
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
device_create_file(dev,&dev_attr_power);
|
|
device_remove_file(dev,&dev_attr_power);
|
|
|
|
The file name will be 'power' with a mode of 0644 (-rw-r--r--).
|
|
|
|
Word of warning: While the kernel allows device_create_file() and
|
|
device_remove_file() to be called on a device at any time, userspace has
|
|
strict expectations on when attributes get created. When a new device is
|
|
registered in the kernel, a uevent is generated to notify userspace (like
|
|
udev) that a new device is available. If attributes are added after the
|
|
device is registered, then userspace won't get notified and userspace will
|
|
not know about the new attributes.
|
|
|
|
This is important for device driver that need to publish additional
|
|
attributes for a device at driver probe time. If the device driver simply
|
|
calls device_create_file() on the device structure passed to it, then
|
|
userspace will never be notified of the new attributes. Instead, it should
|
|
probably use class_create() and class->dev_attrs to set up a list of
|
|
desired attributes in the modules_init function, and then in the .probe()
|
|
hook, and then use device_create() to create a new device as a child
|
|
of the probed device. The new device will generate a new uevent and
|
|
properly advertise the new attributes to userspace.
|
|
|
|
For example, if a driver wanted to add the following attributes:
|
|
struct device_attribute mydriver_attribs[] = {
|
|
__ATTR(port_count, 0444, port_count_show),
|
|
__ATTR(serial_number, 0444, serial_number_show),
|
|
NULL
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
Then in the module init function is would do:
|
|
mydriver_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "my_attrs");
|
|
mydriver_class.dev_attr = mydriver_attribs;
|
|
|
|
And assuming 'dev' is the struct device passed into the probe hook, the driver
|
|
probe function would do something like:
|
|
create_device(&mydriver_class, dev, chrdev, &private_data, "my_name");
|